Mo t

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Trong ting Anh, ngi ta chia mo t (article) ra lm 2 loi: mo t xc nh (definite article) "the" v mo t khng xc nh (indefinite article) "a, an". Mo t xc nh c dng ch mt s vt hay s vic c th v c ngi nghe v ni u bit v s vt hay s vic . Mo t khng xc nh dng ch mt s vt hay s vic bt k. Mo t khng xc (A, An) Tng qut 1. u tin cc bn hy so snh hai v d sau y: I'd like to buy a travel guide for our trip. Ti mun mua mt quyn cm nang du lch cho chuyn i ca chng ta. cu trn, chng ta khng xc nh "travel guide" c th no. Chng ta ch mun mt 'travel guide', bt k 'travel guide' no cng c. Do you have the Fodor's guide? That's the travel guide I want. Anh c cm nang du lch ca Fodor khng? l quyn ti ang cn. v d ny chng ta vit r chng ta ang nhc n 'travel guide' no, v vy chng ta dng 'the'. 2. 'A, an' c s dng ni v cng vic ca mt ngi no , cng dng ca vt, tnh cht ca vt hay tnh cch ca con ngi. Julia is a lawyer. Julia l mt lut s. This car is a station wagon. Chic xe ny l loi xe station wagon. She's a generous person. C y l ngi rng ri. 3. 'A, an' c s dng ni chung chung v mt vic hay vt no . A scarf makes any outfit look a little more interesting. Mt ci khn qung c th lm cho bt k b qun o no u trng p hn. An unpaid parking ticket can lead to many problems. Mt ha n u xe cha thanh ton c th dn n nhiu vn . 4. 'A, an' c dng m t khi qut mt ngi no (nu chng ta khng bit ngi hoc c im ca h khng quan trng). A woman knocked on the door while you were at the store. Trong khi anh ang ngoi ca hng th c mt ngi ph n g ca nh anh. ( y chng ta ch bit l c mt ngi ph n ch chng ta khng bit ngi ph n l ai.) Jeff is dating a lawyer. Jeff ang hn h vi mt lut s. (Ngi lut s l ai? Chng ta khng bit cng khng quan tm. iu quan trng l ngi l mt lut s.) 5. 'A, an' c s dng trong m t. Cu trc m t s l 'a, an + tnh t + danh t'
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Tom has a long commute. Tom phi i mt on ng di n cng ty. Susan has a lovely smile. Susan c mt n ci tht p. Khi no chng ta dng 'a' v khi no dng 'an' Chng ta s dng 'a' trc danh t hay tnh t bt u bng ph m (v d: a car, a large order). Chng ta cng dng 'a' trc danh t hay tnh t bt u bng m 'u' hoc 'eu' nu t pht m vi m 'y' (v d: a uniform, a European country) Chng ta dng 'an' trc danh t hay tnh t bt u bng nguyn sm (v d: an adorable dog, an unusual request), tr 'u' v 'eu' c nu trn. 1. Vi danh t s nhiu, chng ta mo t 'some' V d: S t: Please bring a chair. S nhiu: Please bring some chairs. 2. Vi danh t khng m c chng ta dng mo t 'some' V d: Would you like some coffee? (BUT: Would you like a cup of coffee?) Anh c mun dng c ph khng? Please pick up some sugar at the store. (BUT: Please pick up a bag of sugar at the store). Lm n i ca hng mua mt t ng. Mo t xc nh (The) Tng qut 1. Chng ta s dng 'the' khi mun ch n s vic hay s vt c th hoc duy nht. The stars are out tonight. Ti nay tri vng sao. The plane ride to France will take about 8 hours. Chuyn bay n Php s mt khong 8 gi. The White House Nh Trng The Internet Internet 2. Chng ta s dng 'the' khi chng ta v ngi nghe u bit ngi, vt hay ni chn m chng ta ang nhc n. Please open the window. (Your listener knows which window). Lm n m gip ci ca s (Ngi nghe bit chng ta ang ni n ci ca s no.) The plot of this movie is weak. (Your listener knows which plot). Ni dung ca phim ny tht chng c g. (Ngi nghe bit chng ta ang ni n ni dung ca phim no.) The tomatoes from your garden are delicious. (Your listener knows which tomatoes). C chua t vn ca anh n tht ngon. (Ngi nghe bit chng ta ang ni n nhng qu c chua no.)
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Khi no s dng 'the' v khi no khng cn s dng mo t 1. Chng ta khng s dng 'the' khi danh t c s dng ch s khi qut hay ch nhng s vic chung chung v danh t ny dng s nhiu hoc khng m c. I like coffee in the mornings (not the coffee). Ti thch ung c ph vo bui sng. We're having hamburgers for dinner (not the dinner). H n bnh m kp cho bui ti. Russian is a difficult language (not the Russian). Ting Nga l mt ngn ng kh. Creativity is difficult to teach (not the creativity). S sng to rt kh truyn t. Pandas are very popular animals (not the pandas). Gu trc l mt loi ng vt rt ni ting. Ch : Khi danh t dng s t v chng ta ang ni n s khi qut hay chung chung, chng ta thng dng 'the', nh: The panda is a much studied animal. 2. Hu ht khi ni n tn quc gia, chng ta khng dng 'the', nh: France, Australia, South Africa. Tuy nhin, mt s tn quc gia li phi dng 'the', c bit l nhng tn c hn mt t, nh: The United States, The Netherlands, The Czech Republic, The United Arab Emirites, The Dominican Republic. 3. Tn tiu bang, thnh ph, th trn s khng c 'the', ngoi tr "The Hague". V d: California, Paris, New Haven. 4. Tn ca hu ht cc ao h, ni, ni la, hn o s khng c 'the'. V d: Lake George, Mount St. Helens. 5. Nhiu cm t s khng c 'the'. at night (nhng: in the morning, in the afternoon) at/to college, school, work phng tin di chuyn: by car, by foot, by plane, by train Cc ngy trong tun & cc thng trong nm i km vi 'on' hoc 'in': on Monday, on Tuesday, in December Chc v hay chc danh: He was elected President, she was named vice president. S dng 'the' trong nhng trng hp sau: 1. Cc ta ca tri t. V d: the South Pole, the Equator. 2. Hu ht nhng khu vc a l: the Midwest, the Middle East 3. Tn ca cc i dng, bin, kn o v sng. V d: the Missisissippi River, the Atlantic Ocean, the Panama Canal. 4. Tn ca rng, sa mc, vnh v bn o. V d: the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Forest.