1

K L :     
K(2)L(8)M(7)     
.  "    !  #$ %& %' +,
2

: . 01 #     ,5
M electrons = Z .m e
(2) (7)

M electrons = 13 9 ,11.10 31 kg = 118 ,4.10 31 kg

78
27
1u = 1 ,660.10 kg
118 ,4.10 31
u = 71 ,33.10 4 u
27
1 ,660.10
m Al = 26 ,981u  
      
M electrons
= 2 ,64.10 4
M atome
  ,&   8  =& %## 0, !; 2
M atome m Al M noyau M electron
=
=
= 2 ,64.10 4 
M atome
M atome
M atome
. . % 500g 01 #    3
500g 01 # ?   ,
 500g=0,5kg 01 m Al = 44 ,788.10 27 kg ,& 5
M electrons =

0 ,5
= 0 ,111.10 26 atomes
27
44 ,788.10
: 0 @ 01   
= Z .m e

n=

M electrons

M electrons = 13 9 ,11.10 31 kg = 118 ,4.10 31 kg

M ne = 0 ,111.10 26 118 ,4.10 31 kg = 13 ,142.10 5 kg 0  n 
3

: ? !   ,5 0  B' 
E    FG' 0 % H, %D,.' I ,  Z=8 %D,. 78 O 2
K ( 2 ) L( 8 ) : 0  @ J
#$ %'. %' L5' . & K  1 = K 2 L8 0    Al 3 + .' . , 
. "   
4 %'#&

/'.

'. 7N

 ,#   
 #

   

 !   
 

 
M1

Mg 2 +

'
'PQ#
'
, 

%  1

K2L8

8e

%  1

K2L8M8

8e

Ca 2 +

 

http://allalmahdade.ifrance.com

8e
8e

M
L

K2L8M8
K2L8

 ?,  5
 1  5

' 
'
G'

Cl
Na +

&5 %'#
Q
1 8   G'  = 11 :
e
23
2 11 Na
3  G'
m Na = 23 m p 11m e

= Q = Z .e Z

m Na = 38 ,466.10 27 kg
0 ,0232
4   # 0,0232kg 01= 6.10 23 0
27
38 ,466.10
4
5 7D5 G' 8 V = r 3 G'  %' V = 2 ,87.10 29 m 3
3
6  V .  ,
=n

http://allalmahdade.ifrance.com