Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Tesla High Frequency Coil by George F. Haller and Elmer Tiling Cunningham
Tesla High Frequency Coil by George F. Haller and Elmer Tiling Cunningham
Tesla High Frequency Coil by George F. Haller and Elmer Tiling Cunningham
Plate
1.
Complete
12" Apparatus.
Frontispiece.
GEORGE
F.
HALLER
AND
S6
ILLUSTRATIONS
NEW YORK
D.
23
Murray and
Warren
Sts.
INTRODUCTION
In presenting
this
coil to the
felt
pubhc the
a long
vacancy in the
No
made
to
for the
too complex,
and when
amateur,
who
just learning
how
to string
and connect up
to
batteries,
of the galvanic
rent,
made an
hands of
advanced amateurs
in electrical science
a practical working
manual on
now
so
The
coil
was
first
when
book.
it,
in
and
out,
electrical
and
the
coil.
The
coil,
as
first
constructed,
was a decided
failure,
due
to
VI
Introduction
For about
five
months they
This
It
is
is
as efficient
as can be made.
especially designed
give a
high-frequency discharge of
great volume.
This
latter fact
makes
it
telegraphy.
for
many
this
suggestions
and
work.
They
feel that
of.
this
G. F. H.
E. T. C.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER
I.
PAGE
General Survey
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII,
Transformer
Condenser
4
. .
20
24
Oscillation Transformer
Interrupter
32
60
.
Assembling
64
72
VIII.
IX.
84
.
X.
7"
Standard Coil
Appendix
.......
97
iii
LIST OF PLATES
FACING
PLArE
I.
PAGE
Complete 12" Apparatus
Transformer for 12" Apparatus
Oscillation Transformer and Glass for Condenser of 12' Coil
Frontispiece
.
II.
20 20
III.
I\'.
\'.
Motor-driven Interrupter
....
. . . . .
52
52
The
Electrolytic Rectifier
VI.
VII.
96
The
....
...
96
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG.
1. 2.
Method
of Fastening
Primary Terminals
Completed
PAGE
Primary
8
ii
3. 4.
5.
Hand Winder
Wire-spool Holder
.
13
14
Frame
for Secondary of
Transformer
.
18 18 22
25
6.
7. 8. 9.
Condenser Frame and Brass Condenser Sheet End Support for Secondary of Oscillation Transformer
Fibre Strip
25
10.
11.
12.
25
for
Primary
28 29
13. 14.
15. 16.
Primary of Oscillation Transformer . Completed Secondary of Oscillation Transformer Bushings for Support of Oscillator Standards
.
29
.
30 30 34
37
Oscillation Transformer
17.
18. 19.
Magnetic Interrupter
38 39 40
20.
21.
22.
Interrupter
41
42 44
23.
24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
Patterns of
Yoke
Molor
.
Section of Completed
45
46 48
49
.
Frame
51
. .
29.
Self-starting Device
Rectifier Plates
52 58
61
30. 31.
32.
and
\\'iring
Diagram
.
Transformer Box
High-tension
Box
63 65
33.
xil
List of Figures
FIG.
34. 35. 36. 37.
PAGE
High-tension Bushing
Oscillators
38.
3940. 41.
and Standards Wiring Diagram Waves on Wires Primary and Core of Transformer Secondary Bobbin of Transformer Plate and Frame of Condenser
.
.....
. -
^
^7
08
92
98 99 loi
.
Oscillation
104 106
107
.
42. 43.
Box
for 7"
44.
45.
46.
109
113
115
117
118 118
GENERAL SURVEY
By
is
and most
interesting
branch of science
electricity,
an ejectromagnetic
realm of
electricity,
electricity.
Amongst
the various
phenomena
of
interesting
and
instructive.
all
the
With
space,
it
waves
for wireless
messages
may be
It is the
book
to
show how a
satisfactory
may
be constructed,
and
The
known
is
most commonly
i.
2.
The
Interrupter;
3.
The Condenser;
The
Oscillation Trans-
former.
chapters.
Each
it
would be well
to
make a
most
exact-
must be given
to the
matter of insulation.
All the
in
in-
and then
paper.
is
must
also be free
from
all
air bubbles.
It is in
the
and
insulation
must
be
The
B.
& S.
wound on
an
When When
care
must be taken
for that
the wire
is
completely
act
The primary
and a
secondary.
are
consists of a thin
band
of copper,
making
two
the
half turns
and secondarj
wound must be
firm
and
sulDstantial, so that ai
the
secondary.
All
and the
connecting
When
the apparatus
is
finished,
must be constructed.
These must be
tight.
This
iii
General Survey
accomplished by mortising
boxes,
shellac.
all joints,
the
of
especially
the joints,
about four or
fits,
coats
into
and
the the
and
oscillation transformer.
oil,
Then
is
boxes are
filled
which
the only
Some who
all
these
it
will
be
found
that, in
currents, too
lation
is
much
"Good
insu-
CHAPTER
II
sometimes
coil that is
called
converter
is
merely an induction
an
interrupter,
and
the
the
is
In a transformer
number
number
number
ondary
in the
up
in the sec-
nearly the
same as
the
in
number
of turns of wire
the secondary;
but the
amperes decrease
The
of
the
common
induction-coil
type,
oil-immersed, step-up
transformer.
at
no
The
volts or 55 volts,
efficient
and steps
it
up
to
about 10,000
upon
The
iron used
must be
of high straight
little
retentivity.
fall
is
for,
on the
of the current
from
its
maximum value to zero, the magnetic flux falls maximum value, not to zero, but to a value which
from
depends
The Transformer
on the residual magnetism.
open
circuit is
The
residual
magnetism
in
an
much
less
circuit,
so that
when
mag-
an open
circuit
As
proportional
magnetic
field, it is
The
coil
designer
is
mathe-
and
If the core
made
too long
if
made
would There
have
is,
to
be
efficient.
which
In the case of
this
possible
information
life
study of these
were determined
is
way.
The
iron core
made up
of pieces of
No. 20 or 22 B.
is
& S.
The
wire
first
cut nearly to
the ends of
with a pair of
pliers, and,'
when assembled,
sawed
off
An
ordi-
an internal diameter
with these wires.
tightly filled
When
in,
on end on a smooth
surface,
and
6
it
When
the bundle
is
finished, the
upper
end
sawed
off -ith
The
or coal
now
placed in a coke
and
left
duced
to
a minimum.
When
taken out
They
are
while
still
warm
is
When
the shellac
them
Then, while
out
of
packed
tightly
The bandage
should be
When
the
wrapped with
should be
filed flat
hea\ily shellacked.
The ends
it is
now
and smooth;
oughly,
after this
it
put in a
warm
when
will
The
to arrest
iron
efficiently.
The primary
covered
is
wound
in
No. 12 B.
is
used.
About 2\ pounds
be
The Transformer
required.
erecting
2" hole
and having a
Then, by turning
fairly well.
But
is
would be more
wind
it
in a lathe,
it,
if
the
To mount
cut a half-inch
was formed,
and
ring
slip
fit
it
Make
it
the
as tightly as possible
by placing between
and the
Now clamp
The
be
The one
piece of pipe
is
used to
it,
and
If there is
any tendency
removed,
may
be pressed up against
it.
About
I ft.
from
of turns of tape
around
At
its
this point
end,
to
by taking
around
it.
Proceed
now
and
of
the primary
is
another coating
is
given
it,
and then
wet.
is
wound on
is still
When
the winding
'
on
itself is laid
on the
first layer,
with
its
unwound
portion of the
the
second layer.
of the tape
i.
must be on
See Fig.
/I
kf''')
la^t "tuTYt.
Fig
I.
Method
Completed
The winding
tape.
is
The
loop
is
drawn
tight
pro-
jecting ends.
off.
In
this
way
By
it is
unnecessary
to
this is
a decided
advantage,
as,
getting loose.
The
wire
is
2'
from
this
ending
The Transformer
in order
to allow
connections,
which
layer
is
When
this
is
section
of the primary
complete.
is
The second
starting at the
direction.
section
wound
directly
on top of the
to
first,
wind
in the
same
Each
turn
when wound
is
thoroughly shellacked,
as before.
and the
last
fastened in the
same manner
wound
and the
total
is
diameter
will
be 2|".
It will first
The secondary
wound
in four sections.
be
The
tube
is
trifle
larger
The
is
18"
and
their
thickness
Now
around
turn out a
it
wooden rod
tube will
fit
tightly.
Mount
it,
With a
and
four,
3^" wide.
off in
If
a mitre box.
Out
of
some quarter-inch
sheet-fibre,
to the
Next
slip
on one
and
Two
After
more
ring.
10
this
The
comes another
3,{" ring.
I'rsld
Coil
ring, followed
disc
and a i"
by a disc
and a
discs
and
i''
Be
carefully glued
in
place.
in
The The
romijlcted
discs
is
seen in Fig.
fcjr
2.
num-
3,
6,
ha\'e
the holes
on
\"
have them
drilled
about
from
will
tightly.
It
should be
winding wire
in the lathe,
the winding
may
be done there
much more
rapidly than by
little
experience
lathe,
who does
not possess a
in
method
is
given.
In winding
is
the lathe,
great care
must be taken
is
the end
of the layer
being
wound.
For the hand winder, the wooden rod, on which the secondary bobbin
fits
tightly, is drilled in at
They
should
tightly, so as to turn
which
!/'
at the
other end
is sufficient
for a bearing.
The
standards are
made
of
'("
The Transformer
II
^
r
-I*
-^
1-^
-Id-
<5^
f
-I*
"1
4e-
^
:,f^i^,^^-J^.?/-^
12
to
Tlie
Tesla Coil
piece of
a baseboard
is
2' long.
long
to serve as a cap.
I" hole
is
its
centre
on the
its
joint.
be taken out of
bearings
when
Two
steel-wire spring
between
This
and
still
The dimensions
seen in Fig.
3.
As
it is
the wire
tension,
and
as
an axle which
fits
and which
There
It is
to a
baseboard.
bear on.
An
slipped
up on
lock nut
is
put on to keep
this
to detect
When
quite frequently
The Transformer
13
c
o "n
-a
F\
C5
14
happens that a
it is
kink
will
covered by
will
be
wound on
the
bobbin,
unknown
To
ring
It is
}" wide
and
This
is
^
Fig. 4.
\\'ire-Spool
Holder.
bought.
If the
This wire
is
strip of sheet
it will
is
of such a length
of
that
the standard,
From
here
a wire
is
led to
The Transformer
15
is
On
fastened to one of
the standards.
best to fasten
is
it
to the
one farthest up
It
bent so that
it
make good
elec-
wire
is
telephone
now connected
in series
cell.
head attachment,
the Bell receiver,
easily
is
an attachment
to hold
it
head can
be arranged.
If the
amateur
prefers he
may
use a sensitive
galva-
nometer.
Everything
is
now ready
i'
for the
To
head 2
is.
The
and then
this
wrapped on
cylinder.
all
and the
wooden
circuit
It will
now be
is
a complete
through
the wire
on the
The diaphragm
a galvanometer
the wire should
drawn down or
If
a click
will
When
little left
this
happens
Acid
and
the wire
soldered.
on the wire
6
1
will corrode
is
and
connection.
Rosin
The
I, 2, is
first
wound from
and
after
it is
wound
it is
given
layer,
one.
The edge
down with a
little
shellac.
Parafiine
when
finished
immersed
in
paraffine
oil,
thus spoling
the
first
insulating properties.
should start about \" from the inner face of the discs
Be sure
to shellac
is
around
it.
The
last layer
bandage which
it
in place
About two
section for
feet of wire
should be
left
This wire
its
is
and
end
is
Unwind
emery
cloth, t^vist
it
around the end of the wire from the spool, which has
been polished, and then solder the connection.
bare part of the wire with some
insulate
it.
also
\\'rap the
The
section
3, 4, is
now wound.
The Transformer
;
17
4,
The
first
layer
is
wound from
towards
wound.
the
That means
must be rotated
in
in
opposite
direction.
the
wooden
is
^^hen
this
done
rotated the
same
as predously.
The same
Each
layer
the winding
bobbin heads.
2'
In
this section
wound
on.
About
of wire
connections.
sections are
now wound
in the
same
5, 6,
and only 61
to
between
Remember
same
relieves
practical reason
is
that
all
making
ahvavs easy
to bring
out a
new
piece of wire
if
broken
off.
The reason
middle
.
number
of la}-ers in the
direction
and
a solenoid.
in
warm
place to thor-
^'V
7i
ff
Fig.
5.
Frame
for the
in Fig.
5.
The
base
is
made
The
comers
Three
a better apgearance.
m.
1!
,.r,r...nm-rrrr-g^
!lbi'Anm(Trn-F-n-3T^"'T:::r;
Fig. 6.
Section
of Completed Transformer.
The Transformer
shown
in the figure.
is
19
At the top
3j" in diameter
the secondary
is
cut.
Into these
the tube
on which
is
wound.
The
7r.
The two
are
silk
now
thread to insulate
The
left
The
that
oil
almost immedi-
CHAPTER
III
THE CONDENSER
CONDENSER
is
an apparatus
all
cases
it
consists essentially of
dielectric,
and
its
upon
induction.
the
greater
its
The
thinner
the
dielectric
and
is
specific
de-
in this
apparatus
is
especially designed
The
dielectric
used
glass
and the
plates are
is
made
in
of sheet brass.
When
oil.
immersed
pure parafi&ne
For the
in size,
yV thick and
io"xi2"
cut
should be obtained.
to size for
In purchasing
if
carefully to see
in
there
glass
If
a sheet of
should be rejected.
The
brass used
is
number 32
or 34.
Forty-six sheets
Plate
II.
Transformer
Plate
III.
Oscillation Transformer
and Glass
for
Condenser of
12" Coil.
The Condenser
8"xio" are required.
side
is
21
j" long.
A j"
hp
is
bent across
rolls 8"
If the brass
can be had in
wide, a
little
out of
it.
They should be
them
to the plates.
The
for
soldering as a flux.
position
shown
As a
most
right
rule 12"
places.
When
sheets.
width
is
on the
The condenser
for
it
in the oscillation
is
transformer box.
The frame
in
built
up
is
made
The The
base
is
made
sides are
The ends
The
sides
wood and
sides, so as to
make them
is
little less
The
completed frame
seen in Fig.
7.
flat
wiped
clean so as to
Commence
around the
the lip
on the
22
will just
fit
up against
the
sheets
this
on top of
A brass
sheet
is
next put
in,
but in
There should
case.
be a
i"
After
is
the brass
sheets of glass.
This process
A.
Condenser
B."Sha|3=
Dotted
tort4ue
o^
lines
Fig,
7.
Condenser
place.
Three sheets
If the glass
on top of the
book
last
tightly.
In forcing in
the
last
few sheets
two, to take
up any excess
The Condenser
Set the condenser upright,
piece of
23
finished,
3'
when
and
solder a
long to each of
down
and
the
same
is
done on
Two
frame
by when lowering
former box.
The
transformer box,
ever require
shet
.
is
to facilitate
rebuilding,
due
is
has the three glass sheets should be placed against the partition, that
is,
This
is
to
from the
oscillation transformer
its
breaking
air path.
CHAPTER
I\'
The
constructed.
The
many
may
It
is
reconstruction.
it
will
be necessary
to
reconstruct
careless.
The end
wood.
eter,
supports are
made out
of
of
The two
are
marked
off
deep and
\"
These
is
wound,
to
fit into.
These
and
\" square
the
In
to
is
drilled
is
and countersunk
to fasten in
them
to the
is
end
pieces.
i"
diameter
now
The
diameter
\"
its
The
the supports,
i.e.,
Oscillation Transformer
25
if
|"
if
f"
wood
is
used, or i"
i"
all
wood
is
The
must be
Fig.
only 17".
A h" hole
is
now
of each of the
end
pieces.
ITFig. 9.
Fibre
Strip.
Screw the
fibre strips
on the
them
in the slots
If
and seeing
any of the
that they
strips are
"TT
77"
Fig.
10.
Centre
Rod.
20
good way
to straighten
them
is
to lay
night.
About 4
There
in
on the frame.
Two
of these
methods
be described,
as
them both
satisfactory.
The
first
method
is
at their disposal.
wood
it
18" long
is first
ends are in
and
that they
strike
one another.
If
made
strips,
is
light cut
taken
and sandpaper.
i"
now
cut, starting
the
about
strips to within
an inch of
other end.
In
order to
make a
When
lie
the
mounted on
the
frame again
it
will
be seen that
with-
there
is
is
centres
the
lathe so that
it
Till'
Oscillalion Transformer
~i
wrap about
i'
of Xo. 2S wire.
This
is
wind the
frame, always
i'
it.
About
making
is
the connections.
When
the wire
finished, a
rest
hea\y coat
of shellac
strips.
where they
is
on the
fibre
When
this
is
dry
all
heavily shellacked.
soft
the wires.
placed in a
warm
not
place to dry.
The
is
available.
quired.
to
make two
turns
It is
wrapped on
It
tightl}',
and
and shellacked
in place.
might be mentioned
alcohol
wood
should
not
be used.
The
wire
is
then
wound
A
the
thread
is
wound on
at the
turns, to
is
^^'hen
is all
wound
the wire
heavily shellacked
in a
warm
place to
thoroughly dry.
Get
t\vo pieces of
of each
by the intersection of
With
4I''
these
and 5^'
on each board.
28
a \" hole.
i".
At a planing
mill
buy eighteen
These
cut
may
in
gwe you
thirty-six
18" long.
Fasten one of the 12" end pieces to each of the ends of the
Sb- ^ holes
\
o
\
Ai
-5i-
o \ o
I
\/,
,0^
^-o'
/^'
Fig, II.
End
on
drawn on
the boards.
The
now
the primary
wound.
8' piece of
No. 36 copper ribbon AAYap the end of the ribbon once around the end
The
of
Oscillation Transformer
in
29
it
the dowel
shown
Fig.
12
and solder
in
place. here.
on
Starting
from
here
take
Fig. 12.
This
will
dowel
diametrically
opposite
you
started.
it
Wrap
the
dowel
and solder
in place.
Fig.
soldered on.
The
should be equally
183"
spaced.
fasten
i"xi" pine
long and
to
them
as braces
the other,
I I
^
4-
~^
""
-e
"^
Fig. 15.
Hard
The
Oscillation
Transformer
31
shown
is
in Fig. 14.
The
length over
is
all is
V'
and
the
the shoulder
centre,
at
I" thick.
is
" hole
drilled
down
and
the shoulder
drilled
and
slightly
countersunk
to recei\"e
Two pieces of
a 5" hole drilled h" from the end, are fastened to the middle
of the top side of the
primary frame.
The bushings
in place.
just
made
and screwed
The
and
done the
oscillation transformer
is
is
finished
that needs to be
done
to connect
is
it
up
properly.
The
CHAPTER V
THE INTERRUPTER
Let
us
now
The
function of
this,
as previously
denser
is
charged to
full
capacity.
Then
it
suddenly
forth
is
damped
After
other factors
the
circuit.
have
maximum
In practice
this
is
far
case.
The
air
offers
This
from performing
function.
is
some way
to get rid
The
tially
to
show
several
ways
of par-
accomplishing
this result,
The
oscillation
transformer,
fair
results
Tlte Interrupter
^li
No
provision
is
made
for
wasted.
to
maximum
length of
spark discharge.
Most amateur
struction,
their
be very anxious
are.
to see
what
the possibilities of
work
apparatus
a designer
coil
is
may
is
When
Two
mounted on a piece
5" apart.
hard rubber.
is
-^^" hole
is
drilled J"
whole of
their length to
standards.
Two
balls
in
from a dealer
supplies.
These
and threaded
to
Two
length,
and a
is
screwed on one
The handle
is
drilled
and tapped
for
34
i" to
is
fit
on which
it
is
screwed.
The
shield
the
to
from sliding
off
fibre
current,
fatal.
Connection can
drilling
-6
-*Afcl*'
an
!_
IEHIImQ)
-^
'
0/-/'A/-)'/'/-,
<-
e
.f
c
Fig. i6.
Simple
Primary Air-cap.
for a
thumb
screw
set
will
be a convenience
The Interrupter
35
make
the air-gap
more
efficient,
getting rid
much
thus
the
much
higher.
To
accomplish
into
this
a piece of f"
drawn out
This
is
a nozzle having an
bellows such as
will effectually
oscillation
transformer discharge.
it is
The
however, that
a tedious task to
pump
occupying so
much
him
in per-
to construct either
is
who have a
no- volt
who wish
home-made
own
design
36
The Tesla
will give
Coil
which
of this interrupter.
in the simple
The
fibre
this in-
terrupter.
Two
An
iron
it
it
by a screw
in the core.
Two
The
bobbins
are wound
wire,
if
full
of
No. 14 B.
&
S.
rent of
rectifier
10 volts
is
used No.
22
no
volts alternating
is
about 90
volts.
The magnets
must
The
of the magnet.
sheet of mica
is
from jumping
magnets.
Fig. 17.
The Interrupter
37
The ends
will traverse
them
in opposite directions.
The
outer ter-
suitable binding-posts
and the
finished.
Fig.
17.
^Maonitic
Inieehupter.
The
is
based on Da\'y's
is
extin-
consists
essentially of a fan
motor
a brass
its
no
volts, driving
around
and a brass
it
oscillator so
mounted
separating
at will.
can be varied
builder
may
possess.
direct current
38
not care to go to the expense of purchasing a fan motor or has not the facihties for building one.
The
directions for
/bbei"
Fig. i8.
Motor
Interrupter Fan.
To make
able
it
no lathe
is
avail-
may be
on
its
Lay
eter
off
two concentric
Di\ide
the
circles, 8"
and 9}"
these
in diamthirty
respectively.
inner
of
into
equal divisions and draw radial lines from the centre of the
disc through each of the points
marked
oF,
thus dividing
The
the outer circle into the
Drill a hole
circles
Interrupter
39
of equal divisions.
same number
through each of
to
jQt
on both
number
made by bending
coontersunk
j'g"
brass
I,
->i^
into the
form shown
Two
holes
are drilled
flat'-headed
and tapped
each one to
fit
a standard 4-36
are screwed to
machine screw.
These
pieces
\" hole
is
and
three ig"
|".
on a
circle
having a radius of
Next
40
same shape as
it
in
Fig. 20.
The
brass disc
is
screwed
with three brass wood screws {" long and the whole
to
fastened
the
it.
shaft
of
the
motor so as
to
be well
insulated from
To
&
Fig.
20,
Hard
Rubber Block.
is
cut out
and
wide.
It is
mounted on a
to the
one described
6" in length
The Interrupter
and the brass
diameter.
ball
is
41
best
if
it
is
slightly less
than \" in
The
fibre
in
The Interrupter
43
MOTOR
To
current of
is
no
perhaps
ver}'
The
more
tools
tice to
of the
had but
litde experience in
an alternating-current fan
batter}-
motor or a suitable
direct -current
motor.
is
The
given
in itself
and
so that
The
first
is
to
make
the necessary
and yokes.
The
cast directly
The
It
is
aware
that
the
an iron casting
therefore shrinkage
must be allowed
will
for
be large
enough.
One
amount.
Turn out a
circular piece
"
in diameter
and
i" in thick-
44
ncss.
77/r
'Icslii
('nil
Then a rod
i" in
in iilar disc.
-^
1-
-,'^
D-^
I'lO,
23,
PAn;.i':.'s oi'
YoKE.
piece of
wood
is
shown
in
the figure.
The
must be 2\"
glued
is
accurately.
This
jjiere is
and nailed
The whole
pattern
The Inlcmipter
iliilllllllilMI'Hliii
45
A
Fig.
;:4.
Section
of Completed Motor.
46
gi\cn two coals of
Tlic
Tcsla Coil
l)csl
it
lampblack
to
make
jet black.
tompktt's
llic
pattern
we must make we
To make
this pattern
and
of the
same form
as in the drawing.
Two
castings are
made from
this palleni,
one
to
lit
each end
for
of the stator.
They
Vie.
25,
Rotor
Disc,
or
journal.
When
all
chipped and
The
rotor consists of a
number
The
Interrupter
drilled
47
j^|Q-" in
them making a
i"
high.
These
made by
help of a lathe
and
drill press,
sufficient
number
of
shaft,
turned
down from a
shown
motor
in the figure, to
make
them
As
it
the
will
will not
good driving
is
sufficient to
They can be
clamped
in position
in the figure.
The One
around
and should
project J"
beyond them on
both sides.
To
short-circuit them,
by bending two pieces of \" copper rod into a an outside diameter of if" are soldered
rods.
in
having
to the
ends of the
connections
Use
sufficient
solder
in
making
these
rotor.
The
In
this case
much metal
is
possible
by
The diameter
To make
48
hi
%k -%%.
"T
)i
I
o
s
The Interrupter
49
JO
A I" hole is drilled in the centre of them and the whole number
are clamped on a mandrel between two nuts
and turned
down
in
a lathe to si".
Next four
the figure,
and a
fibre
is
internal diameter
and
The
to
whole
is
clamped
in
is
bored out
2f" in diameter.
either
Next the
saw and
drilling.
removed by
When
the stator
is
complete
it is
mounted on
the pedestal
with four cap screws which screw into the bottom edge.
fillister
The
In
up against the
be drilled
The
rotor
it
just
fits
in the
way
they
are to be permanently.
mark them
place.
is
so that they
the space
in the
same
Then
filled
Babbit
metal
obtainable.
Cardboard washers
slipped over the shaft prevent the babbit from running out.
The
Interruptef
51
The
used
is
next thing to do
is
to
wind
The
wire
of
No.
22.
The
in
coils are
wound
wooden frame
shown
Fig.
28.
wound
to
they
wrapped with
tape, shellacked,
and allowed
dry by
thoroughly baking.
making
the
motor
self-starting.
'
52
pieces.
The
brought out
pieces
binding-posts fastened
it.
end
coating of black
is
a constant-speed motor
slight
we can
secure
some
speed regulation,
4Short circuited
of Wo,
14-
cortduc/br
Bare
Cof>(>er
Wi>,
Fig.
29
Self-starting
Device.
which
is
coil,
by
inter-
This
such
jar,
as
is
ha\'ing
two metal
plates
suspended
in
an
Copper sulphate
is
gen-
Plate
I\'.
Motor-driven
Interrupter.
Plate
\'.
The
Electrohnic Rectifier.
The Interrupter
53
was only
at the last
moment
to
make
lytic
current
satisfactory.
built,
it
Its
is
easily
its
and cheaply
is is
re-
efficiency
very large.
To
a great
many
it
may seem
The
this description
of a rectifier,
which
entirely foreign to
reasons
for so doing,
however
if
will
need
Then having
to substitute
he
will
be able
a D. C. motor
motor de-
The
the
greater
number
of rectifiers
now on
the
market use
method
current
is
wave and
is
low efficiency
due.
The
is,
enormous
and one
of
The
came
to the authors in
54
the
way.
The
is
oscil-
dis-
when
line
of experi-
to
two
electrodes.
if
some
electro-
properties
to rectify the
ordinary
alter-
nating currents.
From
effects of
we
a marked extent.
It
tial
essen-
together with
some acid
salt
capable
of forming
The
other electrode
Some
and
lead,
solutions
all
gave more or
bonate,
acid
less
satisfactory results.
Acid sodium
car-
tartrate,
slightly
and phosphates.
The Interrupter
55
the circuit, the one
out.
By merely
But
cells in
method
gives
an
efficiency of less
Thus
up
is
we
will take
After a current
cells,
a coating
is
prac-
a non-conductor.
does
this
way
it
vanic
cell.
This
condition of
is
enormous resistance
exists
when
the aluminium
the anode.
When on
the reversal
is
Any
in the
is
called asymmetric.
As stated
circuit
Three
cells
are needed
in all.
Two
aluminium
and one
The
third has
between them.
The same
30
it
solution
is
used.
On looking at Fig.
the current can flow
will
E is positive
of
from
trolyte to plates I or 4.
3 to 4
is
enormous
56
resistance, as the
I
Tlic
Tcsla Coil
is
aluminium
to 2
is
of
path.
AA'hen
6 to
is
or from s to 4.
of low resistance.
loss
is
due
to the resistance
Thus
in
from
this set
which
made
positive.
The
directly
on
the
no- volt-alternating-current
measurements.
light
mains.
The
The
The aluminium
the
plates
sheet
and are
all
same
size
and shape.
They
are
5" x 7"
The aluminium
action.
If to
the cells
may
fail
work, and
if
they do
will
be at a very low
efficiency.
The
iron plates
size as
Two
of
third
8" x
5".
This larger
necessity for
plate
to
it
cell.
The
making
plates
that
it
required to
ing-post
The
plates are
Out
of
vul-
swells in
TJic Interrupter
57
.1"
x 61".
about
V'
in
These
and tapped
-}"
to
fit
a standard
\" thread.
Some
\" vulcanite
fit
cut
up
into
threaded to
a \" nut.
With
these strips
the
the bolts
firmly fasten
them
together.
The
and
strips of
nuts
is
and
is
fitting
them with
an insulating bushing.
of each
binding-post
one of the
plates.
As the
top of
the
the plates
are longer
than
the jars
are wide;
when
in place
solution
by the
strips resting
if
jars.
The
electrolyte,
used, should
this
be a saturated solution.
can be
Besides
it is
all
the possible
electrolytes.
It
resistance,
is
it
flowing
slightly
attack
when
current
is
passing.
To make
mounted
in a
58
-->fi'bai*
wojW
D.C,
A.c.
:;
r lauRE.
ehowr'tig
faos'ition
1fia
ce)/5
and eledrtdcs
Fig
30.
Rectifier
The
two aluminium electrodes
are
Interrupter
in the middle.
59
The
connections
shown
in the figure.
With
aluminium
plates will
form
in a
few minutes,
to
load current.
The
efficiency of the
be necessary
to
renew the
set
is
electrolyte at intervals,
given
CHAPTER
\T
The
is
coil
and high-tension
coil.
One box
and high-tension
weight would
coil
be objectionable.
Two
They
and
ha\'e the
so
desired.
advantage of taking
up
less
room and
inside
which lead
to the
interrupter which
Oak makes
make
is
the
is
harder
to
tight,
owing
filling
which
used for
up
the pores
in
the
it
wood does
not sink
into
Pine
considerable
oil,
up
to
make them
imper\-ious to paraffine
which
will
Sugar
\-ar-
pine
may
nished.
For the
sides
and ends
of the transformer
60
box
it
requires
The Conslniclion of
the
Boxes
6i
The bottom
and
should be
made
i"x
of a piece of
11", 2' long.
J" x 14",
26" long,
Cut the
shown
in Fig. 31,
and plane
The end
end.
pieces
must be mortised
from the
and
a rabbeting plane
is
not at hand.
TOP
l/IEW-Tiivy rm^vtj
COVER
-i'i'
Zoi"
iA
zsi-
-iSif'
I!
'l l@|
0000
I
I i|
I'
i@|
I I
I
W
SIDE VIEW
Fig. 31.
i@|
T
'
END VIEW
Teansfokmer Box.
and while
brass washer
l^i
on the screw
to prevent the
neces-
bottom board
will
fit
The
62
TJic
Tcsla Coil
bottom board
that
is
it
is
to
on each
side.
\\'\\tn the
bottom board
gi\-e ilat-
cut to size,
finish,
and then
is
sides
and ends.
box
coating of shellac
is
bottom on,
make
it
tight.
The
wood.
Next
and allowing
A
it
a conven-
box
of
its oil,
box
is
The box
The dimensions
working drawings
the condenser
in Fig. 32.
partition
put in between
and
oscillation transformer,
it
should be bored in
circulation of the
oil.
Walnut
stain
dark
it
covers
up a multitude
of faults
The Construction of
in the
the
Boxes
63
wood working.
by
If the
made a good
ciling followed
finish.
TOV VIEW
COVER REMOVED
.1 "?+=
COVER
/?
ii
:=F^
J6i
-36?-
:^i
CHAPTER
VII
ASSEMBLING
It
for
if
is
when assembling
are
the apparatus,
high-tension wires
be noticed on operating.
nine cases out of ten poor insulation will result in puncturing his condenser
his trans-
former.
First
mount
the transformer in
its
box.
After lowering
box bring
The two
to
inner
terminals
of
the
two
manner
and
short-
in parallel.
See
the
diagram.
accomplished by means of a
it
so that
it
just
fits
which
fits
The secondary
rods f" in diameter and 3" long, which extend through the opposite end of the box for ij".
64
Assembling
65
fibre
bushings
made
as fol-
2" piece of
hard rubber or
fibre
i^"
turned
down
flange
drilled
full
" hole
is
down
the centre
fit
of the bushing.
The
both
Fig. 33.
Connections
and
8"
in the
rod.
The
rods
up from
This
brings
them
thus assuring no
The
hole
drilled
and tapped
in the
to
fit
a standard
66
brass set screw.
the
first
hole.
This makes an
ductor.
This
to occupy.
The
box
is filled
oil to
former.
free
This
lating purposes.
the
The primary
terminals
and
The
next step
is
and terminals
FiG. 34
- - h-
--
High-tension Bushing,
to those
same form
end
of the high-tension
box next
to
oscillation transformer.
The
brass
rods project
Assembling
I" williin the box.
tight
67
rods can be
made
oil
driving
them
into place.
2" strip of
wood
is
i!.;.c:
<J}
Fig. .35,
Oscillators
and Standards.
The condenser
wire
to
'
is first
is
which
is
soldered.
The
*^
and should
the box.
wire
is
68
tap wire
is
led
from
this
to
of the
to be.
oscilla-
wire
The
tion transformer
now lowered
is
band and
the wire from the middle brass rod to the other end
of the band.
in glass tubes
and
as directly as possible.
oil.
They should
also be kept
under the
The
o o
Fig. 36.
Wiring
Diagram.
After
is
all
filled
with
is
completely
immersed.
The
oscillators
constructed.
i.\"
Two
fibre or
diameter and
in length,
and having a
and
3" in diameter
co\'er
oscil-
in the brass
is
bushings on the
lation transformer.
J" hole
drilled
Assemhling
of each bushing.
in fibre tubes f"
69
Two
in outside
lo^ig-
The
tubes should
fit
The ends
of the brass
fit
and can be
slightly tapered to
on the
oscillation transformer.
The
oscillators consist of
two brass
are to slide easily in two holes drilled \" from the top of the
set
screw
each standard
will
be of convenience in clamping
may be
adjusted while
in
in operation
diameter
are screwed
for
about
li".
Slide
make good
oscillation transformer.
the
second box.
It
now be
end
the
of
placed
in
its
final
the
transformer, leavthe
for
interrupter between
two boxes.
The
built
is
coil as in the
& S.
est glass
tubing obtainable.
They should be
as straight
and
yo
as short as
is
mary spark-gap.
suitable
transformer and
makes a
desirable
is
not essential.
This
matter
is
When
all
it
oil
no
excessi\'e load is
by the 30 ampere
in series,
if
fuses or
an alternating-current ammeter
one
is
closed
until
Then,
if
upon
the
When
in series.
the transformer
is
and
for
no
volts
in
parallel
on
no
volts,
ought
to,
con-
may
puncture.
fail to
fault
may be due
to several things.
In most cases
will
be due
To
deter-
is
working
satisfactorily or
Assembling
not, disconnect
it
-ji
from the
rest of the
if
two electrodes.
easily
This arc
is
generally of a yellow
air.
color
and
If
if
and
if
no arc
still
results,
which
is
some
error has
If the fault
in the transformer,
it is
most
likely
that
it lies
in the condenser;
To
test this
if
primary spark-gap.
is
condenser
most
likely short-circuited or
its
reconstruction.
is
The
in the oscillation
transformer.
and secondary
no open
circuits,
and then
and
due
see
if
there
is
any short
primary
secondar}-.
to
may be
touching.
The remedy
and
is
ob^ious.
Finally look
see that
aU the
CHAPTER
VIII
may
suggest certain
if
to the reader.
It will also
be of assistance
amateur wishes
first
own
design.
Its action,
The
as
is
thing to consider
to
the transformer.
well
known
electro-
magnetic induction.
The
primary
sets
up an alternating magnetic
which being
force
When
the secondary
is
open there
is
theoretically no
its
high
the
self-
except
is
that
necessary
to
magnetize
core.
As a load
thrown on
as the self-induction
ary, that
if
the transformer
is
ing loads.
The normal
used
from 22
72
to 25
Theory of
the Coil
73
and thus
the amper-
is
about
-3
oT-
To
to
hundred
it
in the
secondary on
in the
primary
is
necessary
this
On
is
series.
The
nary induction
coil or
even a
static
used
to secure
The
is
used to
charge a condenser.
When an
electromotive force
full
is
a condenser, the
difference of potential
not created
The time
depends on
its
capacity (C)
and
charging circuit.
of the condenser,
in a
The product
and
CR is called
charged
time
The
constant
in in
to
(Q
megohms.-
The
time
is
The
the
74
plays the
same part
as
coil.
however,
is
its
great advantage
setting
up the currents
is
enormous frequency.
When any
condenser
may
take
electrical
inductance, capacity,
either oscillatory or
and
resistance.
The
discharge
may be
This
tration.
may
be
made
clear
illus-
is
There
tending to cause
an equal height
in
both limbs.
is
If
the mercury
so
is
now
constrained,
its
that
it
is
released slowly,
goes back to
original
is
If,
tube
is
rough in the
interior, or
these
being
damped out by
friction.
What we
substances corresponds
electric circuit
and the
frictional
by a liquid moving
If
the
electrical
resistance of a circuit.
we suppose
the
75
to
U-tube
at
its
to include air
above
tiie
mercury and
be closed up
would
The
oscillations in
must be a self-recovering
the matter displaced the thing
some
in
kind,
and
must possess
to
is
other words,
go back to
original position
when
electrical
that
it
and the
circuit
itself
must
possess inductance
tions, the
and low
resistance.
Under
these condi-
sudden release
is
less
than a certain
We
Thomson,
titled
Leyden
jar
we consider
the case of a
76
up
in
and
At any moment
is
equal to the
From
these facts
Lord Kelvin
sets
up an equation
of
The
depend on
resistance,
and capacity.
If
Z=
inductance,
C=
capacity,
R=
by the
that
relative values of
and LC.
If
4U
if
is
greater than
LC
is, if
is
greater thanl/lr:, V (J
or
J^C
is
greater than
away
manner
that the
The
charge
ratio
is
called the
circuit,
CR
is
stant {T')
is
Hence
the discharge
unidirectional
is
when
circuit
less
mean
and condenser
77
If,
(^ J?
T
is
less
than
law of a
damped
oscillation train.
is
When
rent
is
the discharge
and
in-
resist-
form the
fre-
quency
is
2-
>
LC
4L-
If
is
son with
sion,
is
In
this
in electromagnetic
in
which
of
electric
oscillations
the resistance
the
is
oscillatory cir-
negligible,
easily
measured
in centimeters or absolute C.
to
G.
S. units,
a million centimeters
(10).
78
Also
capacity
is
best
measured
in
microfarads; one
microfarad being
the
IO-" of an absolute C. G.
capacity.
unit
(electromagnetic)
of
Hence when L
is
in micro-
becomes
n=
5.033
X 1= VCL C
10"
The energy
is
given by
the expression 2
CV,
where
is
denser and
The main
There are
in
this
number
is
loss
ebonite, mica,
all
that
are suitable,
and
the best, as
its
dielectric
constant
is
is
high, being
from
is
5 to 10,
and
dielectric strength
also great.
Glass
brittle,
The
used,
of the dielectric
and
is
farads,
where
is
and
the distance
apart in centimeters,
79
^_
The
constant 9 x
lo'^
KS
fact that
one micro-
The
oscillation transformer
is
The
it
voltage differences
practicable, in order
make
No
advantage
gained by having
many
to
an
increase in the
number
of primary turns,
about exactly
own
greater inductance.
is
The
to destroy
may be formed
gap, for
if
this arc is
one.
The
is
differ only
by a few hundred
volts.
is
The
to regulate the
difference
balls
is
almost equal
8o
gap.
Now
rule
there
is
is
best
trial.
and
it
As a
it
is
gradually lengthening
is
ahnost reached,
it
when opening
ing.
it
to cease passresults.
was stated
for the
measurepotentials
ment
and
when
applied to
high-frequency measurements.
difference between the
The main
is
two cases
to
be found in the
into the
When
1.
tra^'ersed
qualities of a circuit to
The
which
is
always greater
that
is,
direct currents
about a
The
its
geo-
of the surrounding
The
tance becomes.
Theory of
3.
the Coil
8i
its
The
posi-
and other
circuits
and
on the
4.
surrounding insulator.
The
the conductor.
5.
The
Under
this
loss of
energy
can
The
high-frequency constants
can, however, be
delicate
measured
directly,
is
rather
sat-
and inconvenient
for use
isfactory.
it
is
beyond the
now
briefly treated
theoretically
on
all
four of
these
show how
parts
tus.
work
The condenser
is
of the transformer
and thus
is
\Vhen the potential difference betweeen the plates of the condenser reaches a certain critical value determined by the
length of the primary spark-gap, the diameter of the spark
82
balls, etc.,
The frequency
before,
shown
on the constants
that the
On
first
thought, one
would think
jump
show
Another matter
on here
is
gap.
down one
about 10,000.
air
After the
initial
an important
damping
The
up a
rapidly
sec-
The law
for the
an important
part.
below a
the
in the
ratio of
Theory of
primary and secondary.
voltage
the Coil
83
The
of the circuits,
and other
constants.
an admirable maimer.
of the spark in the large spark-gap
is
The frequency
not a
due
primary and
also a certain
There
is
small current of a high frequency, due entirely to the constants of the spark balls
condenser.
The Tesla
much
to
coil in its
present form
is still
for.
The problem
is
prac-
same one
telegraphy, so that the solution of the one will solve the other.
CHAPTER
IX
The
in
Tesla
coil readily
lends
itself to
a great
number
of
research.
Waves
for
wireless messages
may
X-Ray
brush
beautiful
number
The
due
the
Ruhmkorff induction
static
machine.
in
which
may
in
the Appendix.
on the brush
show
to the best
effects,
advantage.
besides affording a
It is
These
known
phenome-
non
and
is
due
it is
hot, that
little
84
85
suffi-
and
heat.
But
this is stray-
much from
in being, that
it
might suggest
to the
amateur new
The
have
following
experiments
on
the
brush
discharge
been
taken
from
Nikola
Tesla's
"Experiments
quency."
There
supports
is
required for
these experiments
discharge,
the
first
They
tances of a foot
and a
half
by insulating cords.
coil.
One
of the
wires
coil is
is
When
the
put
be strongly illumi-
course.)
The
it
may
To
effect the
of the wires
must be
carefully adjusted.
take
cutting off
first
lengths
until
the
length
is
reached.
When
this
adjustment has been obtained and the wires are fed by either
86
be
sufficient to
Another way of
brush
effect is
by
wire to the one terminal of the coil and the opposite end to
an insulating support,
hanging
clear.
Upon
The luminous
can be considerably
surface.
increased by focusing
illustrated
This
is
To
one of the
ter-
minals of the
diameter
sphere.
is
The
centre.
is
When
the
discharge
in the
is
set up,
formed, and
illu-
seen strongly
minated.
To
Another way
in
is
may
and
be shown
coil
one of the
attached.
The two
circles
in the
same
plane.
When
the coil
87 with streams.
is
is
uniformly
tilled
The
such
forming
this
luminous disc
room can be
By
this
is
essential,
and
of course a
to
high potential.
This
atoms
of a gas
is
to the
vacuum
to
be looked forward
to,
and
when
light will
be produced without
air at
the use of
sure.
ordinary pres-
When
is
would have an
The
been destroyed.
To show
it
On
up with a
in a
gently
This color
few minutes
88 but rarely,
this
TJie
Tesla Coil
changes
is
to a delicate
white
light.
The
in-
of the colors
is
something
be admired.
The
discharge
it
is
found
to
be completely shattered.
With
it is
up.
By moving
the bulb
around
amateur
is
some
Geissler
tubes, these
may
be
up by connecting them,
to the coil.
in series with
an adjustable spark-gap,
coil
tubes will
of the discharge.
The
is
is
what
known
may be used
of the
As
the terminals
an alternating current
ing light,
able,
coil
if
va:ry-
X-rays
may be
would be objectionthis
When
first
the doublere-
focus tube
flector
from one
in rapid succession,
if
and thus
filled
a single-focus
89
tube
it
is
is
12" coils,
On
obtained.
The
tube
if
should be
it
felt
now and
then to see
coil
if it
gap lengthened.
may
is
suit-
a step-up transformer.
referred to a large
For
detail
number
men
in this
But
opens
when
they
the field in
of electric waves.
The
subject
infancy
and great
when
a convincing manner.
the
most
difficult.
all
and
get
room
free
from
all
metallic objects
is
and
electric
wiring
is
required.
good place
in the loft
It
QO
was
experiments on electric
In dealing with
to
electric
There are
also
sta-
two
tionary waves
ing both the
all
on
wires.
method
will
electromagnetic and
the
waves,
the
which
is
brought within
made
his
name famous.
The
to the
displacement
oscillator to corre-
We
When
breaks
insulation
down and a
plate to the
a condenser, for the two plates on the oscillator form a condenser, with air as a dielectric.
around a magnetic
which
is
everywhere
91
normal
The
electrostatic
energy
is
energy.
If
the
electric
oscillation
is
is
started
off as
sufficiently
sudden
some
of the energy
thrown
a displacement wa\e.
As the
coil is continually
in operation
we have groups
trains
of
intermittent
oscillations
off
and
therefore
of
electric
waves thrown
In
this
dielectric.
way
up
in the air.
In order to
down
clean,
no
ultra-violet light
must
fall
on the
and the
balls
must
The form
of resonator de\ised
end in metallic
The one
There
ball is adjustable
have been
many
most
satisfactory
By
tor,
mapped
out.
work was
in setting
up stationary waves
in
This
is
92
set
room
up
to act as
a
it,
reflector.
The
coil
with
it,
its
radiator
set
in front of
at
so
parallel to the
By
reflector the
The
this
in
The
of about
in diameter.
a^
Fig. 37.
Waves
on Wires.
the
To
used.
set
same radiator
is
Two similar
on the
Uses of
tlie
Coil
93
The
in the figure.
Thus
the wires
are
electrostatically
connected
to
the
and
this
the
wires
an alternating
waves of
electromotive force.
potential
light.
This
EMF
creates
electric
which
If the
tionary
waves of
up
To
tion
try the
and
consisting of
in a zinc
in balls
and mounted
box
form
is
required.
The
resonator
must be very
tained.
no
results will
be obeither
moulded from
paraffine or pitch.
would merely
and
for
sufficient
knowledge of German
course be far
to
more
satisfactory.
These experi-
little
practical value,
94
citing
them being
friend
that they
may
furnish entertainment to
some
first
The
writers
To
make a
i",
about 55,000
for
Then show
and
let
represents.
intensity
After he has
and allow
on
To
do
his
this
hand
motion
is
to
on one
point.
There
is
when
this current
traversing your
body and no
injurious
effect
effects result so
is
far as
The
best
shown
in the dark.
is
The
next experiment
the coil
is
to grasp
one
hand when
in operation
and
to
have an assistant
bursts in flame.
is
To
wrapped
amusing
rather
hand.
An
is
not ignited.
to
smoke, a suggestion
as to lighting cigars
95
The
hand
to within h" of
and
one oscillator with the bare hand and approaching the burner
with the finger of the other hand so that a spark will
the metal tip of the burner.
jump
to
The
A^riters
have made
this
more spectacular by
the tongue.
letting the
tip of
is
necessary.
This
to
To
convince
the
audience of
the
tremendous voltage
one hand up to a lighted incandescent globe, while he grasps one terminal of the
coil
On
the near
and
to the oscillators
is
an experi-
present.
is
who does
touch with
in
the lighting of
an ordinary incan-
96
descent lamp with
current
traversing
the
operator's
body.
circuits
should be made,
They can
amount
At
required to light
an ordinary 16
equivalent to 55 watts,
and
that this
therefore
no
\olts this
means approximately
^^
of an
ampere
to the aver-
age human.
The
reason
is
why
this
amount
of energy can be
it is
thought
This
is
known
The
insulated stool
which
The lamp
will
come up
and
if
an
primary spark-
gap
to
its
up
to full brightness.
Plate VI.
Discharge from
Plate VII.
The
CHAPTER X
DIMENSIONS OF
For
those
7"
STANDARD COIL
ha\'ing
amateurs
that
who,
read
the
previous
chapters,
think
spark
is
been added.
This
coil
is
by no means
to
first
wet weather.
maximum
transmitting distance.
In clear
miles, provided
your antennae
is
well insulated
from
grounds.
Because
does
this
apparatus
that
is
not
mean
any
care should be
for
taken
it
as
regards insulation
entirely
depends
on
this
whether the
a thin, inter-
The
only difference
between
this
98
size, is in the
and condenser
The
built
2f" in diameter
S.
and
is
up
No. 32 B.
&
in
manner described
Chapter
The same
iron
wires as
was done
is
before.
The primary
wound
in
to each
Each
wound towards
Fig
38.
Primary
7" Coil.
the centre, starting i" from the ends of the core, for a distance
of 5".
There are
six layers of
No. 16 B.
& S.
gauge double
Each
layer
is
thoroughly shellacked
are held
Chapter
II.
At
least
to the binding-posts.
The secondary
is
wound
in
two sections.
is
No. 32 B.
used.
& S.
tube
The
Dimensions of
on which
it is
7"
Standard Coil
99
wound
^^".
It is 11"
long and
made from
are cut out
They
w^ II
^^--^^^4^11 -4^
!
-^i-
->'i^
7" Coil,
Fig. 39,
required.
They
the
shown
in
figure.
The
is
distance between
the
bobbin
3 J",
and
two sections
in the
2}/'.
held in place
same manner
as described in Chapter II
by cutting
it
will
After winding
it
and wrap
with one
In
this
way
bobbin heads.
When
put on
it
loo
is
wrapped with
which
is
shellacked
in place.
\A'hen finished
should be
left for
some time
in a
warm
dry
The
is
is
fairly
good con-
ductor.
No. 32 or 34
is
used.
Each
on
it
Whether they
on the width
are cut
lip is
\Mth
i"
Thirty
and
7"
Any
should be rejected
as
it
is
Wipe each
in to the condenser.
The frame
made
is
The
base
fas-
The
is
The base
The
On
the one side of the frame two strips J" x i" are fastened;
one at the top and the other at the bottom of the frame.
See figure.
the side
The frame
is
now
laid
on a
flat
surface with
on which the
strips
Dimensions of
7"
S/andard Coil
lOI
t::
f^l" Sirijit
^it'^l'strik
I
I
I
>
^
.
i^Cstrl^
--3"
Fig, 40.
Plate
102
glass plate
Then a
brass sheet
is
i"
margin of
glass at the
sides.
The
lip
should just
Without
This
is
the lug
to
on the brass
Continue
Two
glass sheets
Also remember
to bring the lugs from the brass sheets out on alternate sides.
little
These are on
to
tjie
other side.
These
should be screwed
the glass.
strip
down
and the
of copper
lips
which has
in turn
down
on the other
side.
will do.
Enough
make
is
all
necessary connections.
The
manner
for the
oscillation
transformer
coil.
The
circular supports
of i" material.
the per-
Dimensions of
iphery
long.
f'
Standard Coil
103
Y
A
square.
The
turned out
to the
shown
in
the
figure 41.
It is i" in
method
grooves
is
strips before
In the original
fibre
wound on
three
that no
in
Although
method
it
was
new,
better
way
howe\-er,
is
to use
The
wire used
Xo. 28 B.
&
S.
wound
The end
The
diameter of the
circle in
which the
is 8".
all.
wound
and
The
12"
The
and
wide.
The
to the
copper wire
the
104
T.OC
r
T1
o
,
1^
I-
t3
f0
DC (I
to
'
I
'^
"-
"^
U =-i
il-jt
I
'
K
(Jj
IP
-^
CO
i^;
-^J'
o
i4
is!
Ti
H
z o
ii
--./
^
g^
Dimensions of
primary band for making
strip
tiie
is
Standard Coil
105
connections.
hard rubber
Two
8-y apart.
When
them
the
oscillation transformer
complete.
mounted
in
one box.
The
is
The box
seasoned oak.
Chapter VI apply
is
The
cover
The
made through
may
be swung back
is
partition
It
put in be-
has a
number
oil.
it.
box
for carrying
The
transformer
It
is
is
now
set
on end
of the box.
wooden
and
encircling the
The primary
same
They should be
soldered on in the
coil,
that
is,
so that
in series
and
roo
>
Dimensions of
7"
Standard Coil
107
now put
The
sec-
in glass tubes,
From one
side of
condenser a wire
is
led to
of the
copper band and the other side of the condenser are directly
They
& S.
as
much
as possible.
o
o
Fig. 43.
Wiring
Diagram.
The
piece of
I"
wherever there
transformer
or
any danger
primary terminals.
diagram.
The
connections
are
shown
in the wiring
io8
TJic
Tcsla Coll
The
oscillators consist of
two brass
balls J" in
diameter
-^^" brass
two holes
drilled \"
fibre
and
set
screw
at the top of each standard will be of convenience in clamping the rods in any desired position.
The standards
Two
fibre or
in length
and
end are
set in
on the
oscillation transformer.
A I" hole
diameter
tightly.
is
drilled
Two
rods
fibre
f " brass rods 8" long are enclosed in fibre tubes f " in outside
and
7 V'
long.
The
tubes
should
fit
the
The ends
from the
and should be
slightly
tapered to
fit
the bushings
on the
oscillation transformer.
may
be adjusted while
in operation,
two
^'ulcanite
are screwed
for
about
i\".
The
standards are
now
slid
make good
When
the coil
it
is
now connected
break forth
in
up
mains,
will
everything
in the
is
not as
it
ought
in
may
be
found
manner described
Chapter VII.
log
i f
m$$^^^
\-
Oscillator **
%5tandar.i>
7 Coil
s"
hrasfi
rod
BUSHINQ
FiG, 44,
Foil
7 COIL
7"
Oscillators
Apparatus.
APPENDIX
For
those of our readers
who have
limited
means
at their
disposal,
and who
desire to carry
Appendix
cities,
Besides
many
available,
who
coil,
giving a two or
which they
may
This
coil
is
it
not
is
oil
will
be
required, as
A large
amount
of the precautions
While speaking of
cost, let
us state
dealers
coil in
of about
worth S165.
The
tion
his time,
should not
and $25
spark should
large
enough
for
work
112
simple
interrupter.
The
The
high-frequency
coil is
made
as follows:
end pieces of i" wood lo" square and describe on each one two concentric
respectively.
circles,
inches
On
number
about twenty
Y dowels.
come 36"
long.
and
fit
one
When
empty
they are
all in
is
put on the
is
The
is
left
secondary
wound.
The
B.
& S.
Begin the
winding about
when
the winding
is
The dowels
ing
for the
too
may be reamed
wound on
out.
Next
six turns of
No.
The whole
coil is
The ends
of
mounted on a
Two
oscillators
This com-
A ppendix
"3
^-
^--
114
'^^'^
Tesla Coil
The condenser
window
glass
The method
Lay a
While
as a
glass plate
on a smooth
table
and
gi\e
coat of shellac.
still
tin foil
on
one
top of
it,
around.
On
On
sheet of tin
is
brought out
on the opposite
Continue
This
with the strips coming out on the one side and seven projecting
on the other
side.
The
strips
may
be fused together
The whole
and
is
condenser
best
is
insulating tape
mounted
a box.
The
or 50-55 volt
alternating-current circuits
to construjt.
It
is
essentially the
trans-
The
The
diameter
in
is
lY and when
II
in
is
formed
method described
Chapter
wrapped with
insulating tape.
The primary
See Fig.
i
is
wound
method
for the
Each
No. 16 B.
& S.
wound wrap on
is
up
to 2}".
Appendix
"5
ii6
this
transformer consists of
No. 32 B.
&
copper wire.
First
saw out
and having a
shown
in the figure.
ones are |" from the ends of the core and the
Wind
formed
layer
just
diameter
is
3J".
shellac each
next.
of paper
The whole
If the
mounted on a
transformer
is
to
volt in
current, the
series.
If,
is
to
well,
Then
either
tions
may
be readily
certain,
made
for
or parallel.
Always be
same
direction.
In order
to set
up the high
oscillations
we must
introduce
coil.
The method
of
making
this
-|"
holes
shown
in Fig. 47.
Appendix
117
Drive the fibre supports into these holes with the holes in the
fibre in line.
The spark-gap
fibre
is
made
of
tube
2''
lating handle.
One
goes directiy to one rod, the other goes to the primary of the
high-tension
coil.
is
The
high-tension coil
^H
^--
1-
--^
i
Fig. 47.
Prim-^ry Spakk-g.\p.
There
care
is
this
apparatus so that
arcing.
coil
the transformer
may do
so
and connect
by hard rubber.
One
ii8
tension coil
is
The
is
A glance at the figure will make this plain and also the method
Fig. 48.*-^
WriUNG Diagram.
Fig. 49.
Wiring
Diagram.
of connecting
up the condenser.
When making
it is
connections
well to enclose
and
to
The
of
Appendix
no value whatever
in dealing
119
pre-
brush discharges
close proximity.