Name: _________________________________________________ Class: _______

History Alive! Chapter 2 Study Guide

Test Date: __________________

TERMS TO KNOW
______________________: Tales that explain how the Earth and its people came to be. ___________________________: paths taken by a group of people when they move from one country or area of the world to another. ____________________________: Places where Native Americans settled that had water, land, animals, plants, and other natural resources. _______________________: Changing ideas and ways of living to fit a new situation (ex: a new environment). Native Americans used natural resources to help adapt to their environments.

2.2 Native American Origin Stories

Native Americans use stories to entertain one another and to _________ about their beliefs and ways of life. ________________ tell how the Earth and its people came to be. The _______ origin story states that the earth was covered with water and spirits, gods, and goddesses lived _________the Earth. It also states that goddesses made a bird, which was lonely, so the goddesses made humans to keep the bird company. In their origin story, the Hopi eventually left inside the Earth and spread out across the outside of the Earth.

2.3 Migration Routes of the First Americans

Scientists think the first people in North America migrated from the continent of ______. Scientists think this migration happened during the last ___________. During the last Ice Age, Asia and North America were connected by a bridge of land about ________ miles wide. Scientists think the first migrants were from __________. The Siberians hunted big game such as __________, ________, and _________. Scientists believe the big game wandered over the bridge of land eating the grass there. Siberian ___________ followed the big game. As the game moved farther into North America, the Siberians followed the animals and settled there, also. These Native Americans settled all over North American, and some settled farther south all the way into __________________.

2.4 Native Americans and the Environment

As the Native Americans settled in North America, there were changes in the _____________ (weather) that created many different ______________________________. Different environments include the climate, plant life, and natural resources such as land, water, timber, minerals, etc As Native Americans spread across North America, they settled in many different types of natural environments including ________________, ___________, ___________________, and __________________.

o Grasslands: only enough ______ to support grass and small bushes o Deserts: very little rain, must dig ______ and __________ to get drinking water and water for crops o Mountains: lots of ______ and _______, lower parts of mountains often covered by ___________ of pine, fir, and spruce trees o Arctic ice fields: huge sheets of ice _________________ cover the land Most Native Americans settled in areas with the most natural resources, mild climates, and plenty of food and water

2.5 Native American Adaptations to the Environment

To survive in their environments, Native Americans had to ________ by using the natural resources available. The _______ (Eskimos) lived in the ____________________ of NW Alaska, N. Canada, and Greenland. They made adaptations to survive in their harsh environment. They hunted arctic animals such as __________, walruses, ________, salmon, ___________, polar bears, ________________, squirrels, and birds. They did not waste any part of the animals. The ______ was eaten, _________ were used for clothing/blankets/tents, animal fat was burned for fuel, ________ were used for dogsleds /tent frames/knives/harpoons. The Inuit inflated _______________ to make them float and attached them to walruses or whales they had _________________ to tire the animal out when it dove under water (like if you were trying to swim under water holding a beach ball). The Inuit built shelters with animal skins stretched over _______________ and placed have stones at the bottom to keep it in place. In winter, they built _________ out of snow and ice. The Inuit dressed in animal skins and furs to keep warm. They made snow ____________ out of bone or wood to keep the glare from the snow out of their eyes. They put black _______ (fire ashes) on the inside to keep the light from shining in their eyes.

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