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השלד
השלד
השלד
2 ?
Short bone .
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Periost
4 ?
Periost
Collagen
Cartilage
Epiphysis
5 () ?
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Epiphysis
6 ?
? 7
Periost
Compact bone
Diaphysis
Epiphysial Plate
?) ( 8
Periost - Compact bone - Medulla - Spongy bone
? 9
Diaphysis - Epiphysis - Epiphysial Plate
? 11
. Fibrous Joint
. Cartilagenous Joint
.) ( Fibrous Joint
? 11
Elastin
Synovial Fluid
Cartilagenous Fluid
? Ligaments 12
.
13 ?
()
14 ? Callus
15 ?
16 ?
17 Mandible :
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Mastoid Process
Coronal Suture
18 ?
Frontal Sinus
Sphenoidal Sinus
Ethmoidal sinus
Maxillary Sinus
19 ? Cranium
Coronal Suture .
. Sagittal Suture
.Lambdoid Suture
Mastoid Process .
21 ?
Mandible
Zygomatic Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bones
21 ?
Frontal Bone
Vomer
Maxillary Bone
Ethmoid Bone
22 ? Kyphosis
23 ?
5 .
21 .
7 .
4 .
24 ?
Vertebral Arch
Vertebral Foramen
Vertebral Body
25 ?
Atlas
Axis
Dens
Occipital Vertebra
26 ?
27 " :
C6
C7
C1
C2
28 :
Fibrous Joint
Cartilagenous Joint
Synovial Joint
29 ? Anulus Fibrosus
-.
. Intervertebral Foramen
31 ? Intervertebral Foramen
31 ?
Sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xyphoid
32 ? Sternal Angle
33 ?
Costal Cartilage .
34 Sternum Scapula:
Suprasternal Notch
Clavicle
Acromion Process
Coracoid process
35 ? Spine Of Scapula -
Glenoid Fossa
Acromion Process
Coracoid process
C7
T3
T7
T10
37 ?
Humerous
Radius
Epicondyle
Deltoid
: Head of Humerous 38
Greater Tubercle
Lesser Tubercle
Lateral Epicondyle
: Humerous 39
Capitulum
Trochlea
Medial Epicondyle
Radial Tuberosiry
? 41
Lateral Styloid Process
Coronoid Process
Olecranon Process
? Radius 41
Supination
Pronation
Abduction
? 42
5
22
: Pisiform 43
Lunate
Triquetral
Scaphoid
Trapezoid
44 ?
Metacarpal Bones
Metatarsal Bones
Phalanges
Carpal Bones
45 ?
Ischium
Symphysis Pubis
Iliac Crest
Hip Joint
46 ? Acetabulum
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
47 ?
. Iliac Crest
Obturator Foramen .
48 ?
Humerous
Tibia
Femor
Vertebra
49 :
Greater Trochanter
Lesser Trochanter
Medial Condyle
Linea Aspera
51 ?
Medial Condyle
Lateral Condyle
Tibial Tuberosity
Fibula
51 ?
Lateral Condyle
Lateral Malleolus
Talus
52 ?
Cruciate Ligament
53 ?
21
16
54 :
Talus
Cuboid
Calcaneus
Navicular
55 ?
Calcaneus- Metatarsal-.
Metatarsal- -Metatarsal.
Calcaneus- Metatarsal-.
Plantar Fascia .
:
1
( )Skeleton : -
. - ,
- , .
. : "
.
( , ) .
. ( - )
.
.
:
*
* , ,
*
*
*
*
*
* ,
455
" " .
Short bone .
,
.
, .
. .
( )
.
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Periost
Osteocytes .
.
. , .
. ,
. -
.
Periost
Collagen
Cartilage
Epiphysis
- .
- .
.
() ?
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Epiphysis
. -
.Osteoclasts
, .
.Osteoblasts
- . , ,
, .
, .
. ( ,
) - - .
( ).
- .
, ,.
.
.
.
D .
,
.
Periost
Compact bone
Diaphysis
Epiphysial Plate
.Periost :
= Peri ( ) = Ost . .
.
.
. , .
( )?
- ,
.Compact bone Spongy Bone
.
() .
.
Epiphysis .Diaphysis -
Epiphysis Diaphisis -
.Epiphysial Plate .
.
, ,
.
.
11 ?
Fibrous Joint .
Cartilagenous Joint .
Fibrous Joint ( ).
( )Joint .
:
- Fibrous Joint . ,
.
- Cartilagenous Joint . ,
.
- ((.Cartilage
.
- Synovial Joint . ,
.
( Articular Cartilage Articular ) .
.
11 ?
Elastin
Synovial Fluid
Cartilagenous Fluid
Synovial Fluid
. - Synovial Membrane
. .
cartilage . " " ( Cartilagenous Fluid
) .
12 ? Ligaments
( )Ligaments ,
.
.
.
.
, .
( = ) .
, = =( dislocation ).
: .
-.
13 ?
()
.
.
.
.
: , ( ) , .
: , , , .
: : , C.T.
14 ? Callus
:
. 05
. Callus
, , .
2-01
.
, .
15 ?
.
, .
,
.
.
, (
) .
16 ?
,
.
.
.
(
)
.
:
.
.
?
.
17 Mandible :
Temporal Bone
Parietal Bone
Mastoid Process
Coronal Suture
.
- Mandible .
.Temporal Bone -
18 ?
Frontal Sinus
Sphenoidal Sinus
Ethmoidal sinus
Maxillary Sinus
.
.
.Frontal Sinuses
( 6) . ,
.Maxillary Sinus Sphenoidal
Sinus
, .
Ethmoidal
.sinus Ethmoid Bones
.
19 ? Cranium
Coronal Suture .
. Sagittal Suture
.Lambdoid Suture
Mastoid Process .
Frontal Bone ,
- Parietal Bones .
.Sagittal Suture -
Frontal Bone Coronal Suture Parietal -
Bones .Lambdoid Suture
- Occipital Bone
.Foramen Magnum
- Temporal Bones ,
.
, .Mastoid Process
: ?
= (.) Front
- Tempo . .
.
21 ?
Mandible
Zygomatic Bone
Sphenoid Bone
Ethmoid Bones
Mandible . . Maxilla
. Zygomatic Bone
( )
.Zygomatic Arch -
Sphenoid Bone ,
, .
- Sphenoidal Sinus. Ethmoid Bones
.
.Ethmoidal sinus
21 ?
Frontal Bone
Vomer
Maxillary Bone
Ethmoid Bone
Vomer .
. Nasal Bones
- Orbit . Frontal :
Bone Zygomatic Bone, Maxillary Bone,
Ethmoid Bone , Sphenoid Bone-
.
22 ? Kyphosis
(
) .
.Kyphosis
.
Lordosis. Lordosis 2-1 .
.Scoliosis
.
: ?
- .
-
.
- S .
23 ?
5 .
21 .
7 .
4 .
24 ?
Vertebral Arch
Vertebral Foramen
Vertebral Body
Body
.Arch .Vertebral Foramen
. . )Spine (Spinous Process -
.Transverse Process
Superior Articular Process
.Inferior Articular Process
.
25 ?
Atlas
Axis
Dens
Occipital Vertebra
( Atlas
) . .
=( Axis) ,
=( Dens) . Axis-
.
26 ?
, Vertebral -
,Foramen .
Spine- .
.Spine
.
27 " :
C6
C7
C1
C2
Spine
. -
.C7 C6 T1 .
Transverse Process - -
.
28 :
Fibrous Joint
Cartilagenous Joint
Synovial Joint
.
, .
.Intervertebral Disc - Cartilagenous
( ) .
.Synovial
, . Superior Articular -
( Process ) Inferior Articular -
( Process ) .
29 ? Anulus Fibrosus
-.
. Intervertebral Foramen
Anulus Fibrosus
.Nucleus Pulposus .
.
, .
31 ? Intervertebral Foramen
, ,
.Intervertebral Foramen
.
- .
. ,
.Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
( ) spines . Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
( ) Spines
() . Ligamentum Flavum , Spines
, . Supraspinous Ligament
.
".
.
31 ?
Sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xyphoid
32 ? Sternal Angle
Manubrium - Body
.Sternal Angle .
33 ?
Costal Cartilage .
. (
) .
.Costal Cartilage
.
. Costal Margin
.
00 01 - Floating
.Ribs .
34 Sternum Scapula:
Suprasternal Notch
Clavicle
Acromion Process
Coracoid process
, Clavicle
. , ,
Suprasternal Notch .
35 ? Spine Of Scapula -
Glenoid Fossa
Acromion Process
Coracoid process
Glenoid Fossa
.
( )Superior Angle of Scapula
.
. Spine Of Scapula
.
.Acromion Process
Coracoid
.process
C7
T3
T7
T10
37 ?
Humerous
Radius
Epicondyle
Deltoid
.Humerous . Radius
, , Deltoid Tuberosity
. Deltoid-
38 Head of Humerous:
Greater Tubercle
Lesser Tubercle
Lateral Epicondyle
Humerous .Head
: Greater Tubercle -
, , Lesser Tubercle-
. .
: Medial Epicondyle - Lateral -
Epicondyle .
.
39 Humerous:
Capitulum
Trochlea
Medial Epicondyle
Radial Tuberosiry
: Capitulum - ( Radius-
= ) capitus ( Trochlea - ) .Ulna -
Radial Tuberosiry
.
41 ?
Coronoid Process
Olecranon Process
.Radius Ulna .
Ulna- Coronoid Process
. Olecranon Process
. - .
Medial Styloid Process .
41 ? Radius
Supination
Pronation
Abduction
Radius- - Supination
( = soup , ) - Pronation
. , Radius -
. Ulna -
42 ?
22
43 Pisiform:
Lunate
Triquetral
Scaphoid
Trapezoid
( Pisiform - )
.
. Triquetral . Hamate
( Scaphoid = , ) ,
: ( Trapezoid ) .Trapzium Pisiform , Scaphoid
( Wrist ) ( Lunate ).
Hamate Trapezoid ( Capitate).
: :
( :) Wrist
( Pisiform ) .Triquetral ( Lunate )
( Scaphoid ) .
( ) , Hamate Capitate
Trapezoid Trapzium . Scaphoid
.
44 ?
Metacarpal Bones
Metatarsal Bones
Phalanges
Carpal Bones
, , ,Metacarpal Bones
. Metatarsal Bones
. .Phalanges
Phalanges : Proximal Phalange Middle
,Phalange .Distal Phalange - .Phalanges
. Interphalangeal Joint
Distal Interphalangeal Joint DIP
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint . PIP
Metacarpophalangeal
Joint . MCP
45 ?
Ischium
Symphysis Pubis
Iliac Crest
Hip Joint
Pelvis . : Sacrum
() ( Hip Bones ) (
) : , . Sacrum
Hip , .Fibrous
Cartilogenous" .Symphysis Pubis ,
, .
, Hip - : Ilium -
, Pubic- Ischium-
.
46 ? Acetabulum
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Sacrum
( Acetabulum = ) .
.Hip Joint .
47 ?
. Iliac Crest
Obturator Foramen .
48 ?
Humerous
Tibia
Femor
Vertebra
Femor .
, " .
-
.
Head .
Femor -
.Acetabulum - ( Ball and
.)Socket Joint
49 :
Greater Trochanter
Lesser Trochanter
Medial Condyle
Linea Aspera
. Greater Trochanter
Lesser Trochanter .
.
( ) .
,
.
. (
).
, .Linea Aspera
. :
Medial Condyle Lateral
Condyle (
) . .
.Patella
51 ?
Medial Condyle
Lateral Condyle
Tibial Tuberosity
Fibula
Tibia ,
Talus- . .
Medial Condyle ( Lateral Condyle
) . .Meniscus
.
,Tibial Tuberosity
( ) .
.
.Medial Malleolus
51 ?
Lateral Condyle
Lateral Malleolus
Talus
.Fibula ,Head
( Tibia - !).
.
( Lateral Malleolus ) .
Tibia-. Talus-
. Lateral
Styloid Process .
52 ?
Cruciate Ligament
.
. Medial Collateral LigamentLateral -
.Collateral Ligament .
. Cruciate Ligaments
Tibia Femor 075 -
.
.
53 ?
21
16
. .
( ) Phalanges ( 03
- ) . 15.
54 :
Talus
Cuboid
Calcaneus
Navicular
.
Calcaneus Tuberosity
Calcaneal .
( .) Calcaneal Tendon ( ,Navicular)
(,Cuboid) .Cuneiform
.Metatarsal Bones Phalanges
.
:
. Calcaneus :
Talus .
(
) .
. Medial Cuneiform , Intermediate
Cuneiform . Lateral Cuneiform
.
. Phalanges
55 ?
Calcaneus- Metatarsal-.
Metatarsal- -Metatarsal.
Calcaneus- Metatarsal-.
Plantar Fascia .
(
) . , :
.
. :
- 0 .Calcaneus -
- 1 Metatarsal -.
- 2 Metatarsal -.
0 1 - 0 2 -
. 1 2 -
.
. :
Plantar Fascia
.