zogadsaganmanaTleblo sistemis decentralizacia

Tbilisi 2013

proeqti _ maswavleblebi bavSvze orientirebuli skolisTvis _ xorcieldeba aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis institutis (EWMI) programis _ saqarTveloSi sajaro politikis, advokatirebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebis (G-PAC) farglebSi. am programis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebeli gaxda amerikeli xalxis gulisxmieri mxardaWeris Sedegad, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos (USAID)dafinansebiT. statia ar gamoxatavs USAID-is an amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTavrobis Sexedulebebs. avtorebi:
politikis dokumenti - zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia simon janaSia, sofio gogrgoZe sajaro skolebis decentralizebuli marTveis Sefaseba irina abulaZe maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sistemis decentralizaciis gavlena skolebis efeqtianobaze ia anTaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, Tamar CxaiZe ganaTlebis specialistebi: manana boWoriSvili, Tamar xatiaSvili maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia. ganaTlebis da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisia irina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, marika kapanaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, manana ratiani. maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisia sainiciativo jgufi: gia dvali, daviT lorTqifaniZe, vaJa bereJiani, zaza kokaia zogadsaganmanaTleblo mimarTulebis samuSao jgufi: irina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, manana ratiani. Sida kontrolis meqanizmebi da marTvis stili saqarTvelos sajaro skolebSi Tamar mosiaSvili

redaqtori: Tamar CxaiZe dizainer-damkabadonebeli: ekaterine wiqariSvili daibeWda gamomcemloba mwignobari Tbilisi, 2013 samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti, 2013

ISBN 978-9941-0-5034-3

Sesavali

samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis mier momzadebuli wigni `zogadsaganmanaTleblo sistemis decentralizacia sajaro skolebis administracias, maswavleblebs, ganaTlebis politikis damgegmavebsa da gadawyvetilebis mimReb pirebs daexmareba gaecnon saqarTveloSi decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT arsebul sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebsa da realur viTarebas, saerTaSoriso gamocdilebas da saqarTveloSi am sferoSi decentralizaciis politikis cvlilebis perspeqtivas. ganaTlebis specialistebs, skolis administraciis warmomadgenlebs, maswavleblebs, gadawyvetilebis mimReb pirebs saSualeba eZlevaT gaecnon am sferoSi Catarebul kvlevebs. qarTvel mkvlevarTa azriT zogadasaganmanaTleblo sistemis decentralizacias dadebiTi gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia skolaSi swavla-swavlebis gaumjobesebaze, aseve qveyanaSi demokratiuli procesebis ganviTarebaze.

sarCevi
politikis dokumenti - zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia
simon janaSia, sofio gogrgoZe reziume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 decentralizaciis definicia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 kvlevebi decentralizaciis gavrcelebis formebisa da efeqturobis Sesaxeb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 problemebis analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 problemebis gadaWris alternativebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 bibliografia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

sajaro skolebis decentralizebuli marTveis Sefaseba

irina abulaZe Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 kvlevis mizani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 kvlevis instrumenti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 zogadi komentarebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi praqtikis mimoxilva. . . . . . . . . . . 71 kvlevis Sedegebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 zogadi informacia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 ZiriTadi mignebebi da daskvnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 rekomendaciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 bibliografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sistemis decentralizaciis gavlena skolebis efeqtianobaze

ia anTaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, Tamar CxaiZe ganaTlebis specialistebi: manana boWoriSvili, Tamar xatiaSvili

reziume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . meTodologia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . problemis aRwera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ZiriTadi mignebebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . daskvnebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . danarTi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . gamoyenebuli literatura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

105 107 109 117 123 124 127

maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia ganaTlebis da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisia

irina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, marika kapanaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, manana ratiani.

reziume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisia
sainiciativo jgufi: gia dvali, daviT lorTqifaniZe, vaJa bereJiani, zaza kokaia zogadsaganmanaTleblo mimarTulebis samuSao jgufi: irina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, manana ratiani.

saqarTveloSi maswavleblis profesiis mdgomareobis mimoxilva.132 maswavlebelTa rekrutireba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 sauniversiteto momzadeba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 kvalifikaciis miniWeba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 profesiaSi Sesvla. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 uwyveti profesiuli ganviTareba da karieruli zrda . . . . . . . . 146 garemo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

Sida kontrolis meqanizmebi da marTvis stili saqarTvelos sajaro skolebSi

Tamar mosiaSvili

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 skola, rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri. . . . . . . . . . 157 Sinaganawesis roli skolis cxovrebaSi zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis mixedviT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 kvlevis dizaini. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Sinaganawesebis Tvisebrivi analizi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 saswavlo procesis organizeba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 muSakTa samuSaoze miReba da daTxovna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 moswavleTa ZiriTadi ufleba-movaleobebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 daskvnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 rekomendaciebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 gamoyenebuli literatura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

politikis dokumenti zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia

simon janaSia, sofio gogrgoZe

reziume
politikis dokumenti: zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia saqarTveloSi Seiswavlis saqarTvelos saskolo ganaTlebis sistemas da mis farglebSi mimdinare procesebs saxelmwifos, skolebs, sazogadoebriv organizaciebsa da sxva CarTul organizaciebs Soris arsebuli ufleba-movaleobebisa da saqmianobebis gadanawilebis TvalsazrisiT. dokumentis mizania Seiswavlos saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleblo sistemaSi decentralizaciasTan dakavSirebuli procesebi bolo aTwleulisa da, gansakuTrebiT ki, bolo ramodenime wlis ganmavlobaSi. dokumentis farglebSi ganxilulia sxvadasxva problema, rac xels uSlis saxelmwifos, sazogadoebriv organizaciebsa da skolebs zogadi ganaTlebis sferoSi sakuTari funqciebis ukeTesad ganxorcielebaSi sxvadasxva centralizebuli regulaciebis, decentralizaciisTvis saWiro dabali SesaZleblobebisa Tu araswori praqtikis gamo. dokumenti moicavs rekomendaciebs politikis sferoSi gadawyvetilebis mimRebTaTvis sistemis efeqturi, moqnili da grZelvadianad ganviTarebadi gardaqmnisTvis. dokumenti mimoixilavs decentralizaciis momxreebis argumentebs. ganxilulia agreTve saerTaSoriso kvlevebis Sedegebi. saqarTveloSi arsebuli sistema ganxilulia rogorc istoriul, ise normatiul da praqtikis WrilSi. gaanalizebulia problemebi, romlebic ukavSirdeba sistemis SigniT moTamaSeebs Soris pasuxismgeblobebis gadanawilebasa da maT SesaZleblobebs. bolos mocemulia rekomendaciebi. dokumenti momzadebulia samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis proeqtis `maswavleblebi bavSvze orientirebuli skolisTvis farglebSi, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso saagentos mxardaWeriT.

Sesavali
decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT ganaTlebis sistemebis reforma gansakuTrebiT popularuli gaxda gasuli saukunis 70-iani wlebis Semdeg. am dros msoflio bankisa da saerTaSoriso savaluto fondis ara mxolod dafinansebiT, aramed adgilobriv politikaSi aqtiuri CareviT ganaTlebis sistemebis ganviTarebis proeqtebi mraval ganviTarebad qveyanaSi daiwyo. am organizaciebis politikis veqtori ZiriTadad gulisxmobda saxelmwifos mier socialuri politikis mimarTulebiT rogorc sabiujeto xarjebisa da biurokratiis Semcirebas, aseve kerZo seqtoris gaZlierebas. mxardaWerili politikis nawili iyo biznesis sferoSi danergili modelebis Semotana ganaTlebis sferoSi. am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani gaxda Sedegze orientirebuli dagegmva, ganaTlebis menejerializacia, monacemebze dayrdnobiT gadawyvetilebebis miReba da ganaTlebis komercializacia. amave politikis erT-erTi qvakuTxedia Tavisufali bazris principebis danergva ganaTlebis sistemebSi. es ZiriTadad saswavlo dawesebulebebis arCevanis uflebebis gafarToebasa da vauCeruli dafinansebis wess Seexo (Heyneman, 2003). gasuli saukunis oTxmociani wlebidan Tavisufali bazris, skolebis arCevanis da maTi meti damoukideblobis, kerZo seqtorisa da kerZo dafinansebis gaZlierebis mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganaxorcieles agreTve ganviTarebuli qveynebis nawilSic. am mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani nabijebi gadaidga did britaneTSi, aSSSi, axal zelandiaSi, avstraliasa da CileSi (Levin & Belfield, 2003). saerTaSoriso multilateraluri organizaciebisa da memarjvene mTavrobebis politikis danergvisTvis mniSvnelovani iyo, rom saxelmwifos roli ganaTlebis marTva-

Si Sesustebuliyo, xolo Tavad saswavlo organizaciebis, Temisa da momxmareblis (mSoblisa da moswavlis) roli gazrdiliyo (Heyneman, 2003). am midgomas sxvadasxva argumentiT xsnidnen. argumentebi decentralizaciis sasargeblod decentralizaciis sasargeblo argumentebis SemuSaveba ZiriTadad sami mimarTulebiT mimdinareobda (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). decentralizaciis momxreebi umetesad miiCneven, rom Zalauflebisa da pasuxismgeblobis qveda rgolebisken gadanawileba xels uwyobs 1. ganaTlebis sistemisa da moswavleebis mier ukeTesi Sedegebis miRwevas 2. ganaTlebis sistemis ekonomikuri efeqtianobis gaumjobesebas 3. ufro samarTliani sistemis danergvas decentralizaciis momxreebi Tvlian, rom ukeTesi Sedegebi maSin miiRweva, rodesac gadawyvetilebebis mimRebni ukeT icnoben lokalur konteqsts. igulisxmeba, rom skolis farglebSi konkretuli moswavleebis saWiroebebisa da miswrafebebis Sesaxeb ufro amomwuravi informaciaa, vidre raime zeda rgolis biurokratiul organoSi. Sesabamisad, meti SesaZleblobaa, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebisas gaTvaliswinebuli iyos lokaluri viTareba. meore mxriv, ukeTesi Sedegebis misaRwevad, decentralizaciis momxreebi aseve mniSvnelovnad miiCneven meti informaciuli investiciis (input) arsebobas. Tu, rogorc aqamde aRvniSneT, xarisxobrivad ukeTesi informacia swori gadawyvetilebis misaRebad mniSvnelovania, meore argumentis mixedviT, aseve ukeTesia informaciis wyaroebis simravlis arseboba. am argumentis Tanaxmad, konkretuli skolis farglebSi resursebis, miznebis, kurikulumis Tu

sxva mimarTulebiT gadawyvetilebebis miRebisas, meti informirebulobis SesaZlebloba arsebobs, vidre es centralur doneze moxdeboda (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). kidev erTi argumenti, rac ukeTesi Sedegebis misaRwevad decentralizaciis sasargeblod gamoiTqmeba, aris Teoria, romlis mixedviTac gadawyvetilebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis qveda rgolebze gadataniT mTavari dainteresebuli pirebis (mSoblebisa da moswavleebis) CarTva xels uwyobs xarisxis amaRlebas. am xedvis mixedviT mTavari dainteresebuli mxareebis xSiri CarTuloba xels uwyobs ganaTlebis xarisxis kontrolis zrdas (Levin & Belfield, 2003). magaliTad, mSoblebi ufro metad akontroleben maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis mier gakveTilebis gacdenebs. amave TeoriiT, mSoblebis CarTuloba gadawyvetilebebSi amaRlebs maTsave motivacias, daxmarebis mizniT CaerTon sakuTari Svilebis yoveldRiur swavlaSi, rac mniSvnelovania swavlis Sedegebis gasaumjobeseblad. meoTxe argumentis mixedviT, skolebi decentralizebul sistemaSi ufro metad cdiloben da axerxeben mSoblebis, moswavleebisa da iq momuSave personalis kmayofilebis zrdaze zrunvas. amgvarad, maTi azriT, skolebSi ufro metad keTilganwyobili pirobebi iqmneba, rac ukeTes garemos qmnis swavlis Sedegebis zrdisTvis (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). mexuTe argumenti, romelsac swavlis xarisxis asamaRleblad decentralizaciis sikeTis dasasabuTeblad iyeneben xolme, gadawyvetilebebis efeqturobas ukavSirdeba. decentralizaciis momxreebis azriT, gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi centraluri rgolebis Careva mniSvnelovani saganmanaTleblo procesebis swrafad da moqnilad ganxorcielebas aferxebs (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). am poziciis mixedviT, swavlebis xarisxis asamaRleblad mniSvnelova-

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nia skolis, rogorc dinamiuri saswavlo garemos gaazreba. dinamiuri garemo ki moiTxovs gadawyvetilebebis xSirad miRebas. zeda rgolebTan SeTanxmebis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, gadawyvetilebebis didi nawili ferxdeba. rogorc wesi, zeda rgolebi ufro nela muSaobs da damokidebulia biurokratiul procesze. biurokratiuli procesis monawileebi imdenad daSorebulebi arian realur problemas, rom Sinagani daintereseba naklebi aqvT swrafi da saukeTeso gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. sxvagvarad rom aRvweroT, rac ufro grZelia angariSvaldebulebis gza, rac meti Sualeduri rgolia CarTuli moqalaqis moTxovnebsa da provaiders, anu skolas Soris, miT ufro ferxdeba swrafi da efeqturi dadebiTi cvlilebebi (World Bank, 2004). angariSvaldebulebis xarisxi politikur nebaze, da Semdeg, am nebis teqnikur moTxovnebad Targmnaze xdeba damokidebuli. moTxovnebis mTavari Semsruleblebi Sordebian moTxovnebis Semqmnelebs da, politikuri organoebis meSveobiT, mxolod Sualeduri moTxovnebis Semsruleblebi xdebian.es arTulebs maT mier sazogadoebrivi survilebisa da saWiroebebis sworad gaazrebas. aseve sazogadoebisTvis rTuldeba relevanturi angariSebis miRebis SesaZlebloba. sinamdvileSi, centralizebul sistemebSic ki, moqalaqeebi saxelmwifos gareSec ukavSirdebian servisis mimwodeblebs, anu skolebs (Gunnarsson, Orazem, Snchez, & Verdisco, 2009). Sesabamisad, skolebs uwevT maTTvis angariSis gaweva. Tumca, decentralizaciis SemTxvevaSi, es procesi institucionalizebulia; rac, erTi mxriv, skolas am urTierTobis valdebulebas akisrebs, meore mxriv ki, moqalaqeebs miznebis, saSualebebisa Tu xarisxis uzrunvelyofaSi meti CarTulobis SesaZleblobebs aZlevs. am procesis sqematuri gamosaxuleba ix. qvemoT.

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sqema #1 wyaro (World Bank, 2004)

decentralizaciis, rogorc ekonomikurad efeqturi midgomis momxreebis azriT, meti saswavlo dawesebulebisTvis marTvaSi meti avtonomiis miniWeba resursebis optimalur da yairaTian xarjvas iwvevs. am Teoriis mixedviT, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saswavlo dawesebulebis marTvaSi CarTulebi arian adgilobrivi dainteresebuli mxareebi, maSin isini, sakuTari interesebidan gamomdinare, finansuri resursebis flangvas xels uSlian (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). igulisxmeba, rom SvilebisTvis saukeTeso saswavlo pirobebis uzrunvelyofa mSoblebis ZiriTadi interesia. am logikiT, maT interesSi ar Sedis, magaliTad, maswavleblebis raodenobis usafuZvlo zrda, saskolo resursebis piradi keTildReobisTvis gamoyeneba da sxva. ekonomikur efeqturobas exmianeba meore argumentic - decentalizaciis dros tranzaqciebis raodenoba da xarjebi mcirdeba (Levin & Belfield, 2003). am xedviT, skola, rogorc avtonomiuri erTeuli, nakleb dros xarjavs sakuTari problemebis mogvarebaze, radgan saoperacio cikli-

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dan amovardnilia biurokratiis rgoli. amavdroulad, naklebi dro da finansebi ixarjeba lojistikur sakiTxebze. magaliTad, raimes centralizebulad Sesyidva gulisxmobs, saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi, jer skolebidan informaciis Segrovebas, Semdeg informaciis analizs, Semdeg Sesyidvis ganxorcielebas, saqonlis distribuciasa da SemdgomSi Sedegebis analizs. sxvadasxva sistemaSi aseve gavrcelebulia meore midgoma - xarjebis anazRaurebis gza. am SemTxvevaSi, skola awvdis informacias zeda rgols da elodeba Sesyidvaze dasturs. Semdeg axorcielebs Sesyidvas da awvdis angariSs zeda rgols. Sesyidvis gansaxorcieleblad saWiro tranzaqciis raodenoba cxadia mcirdeba, rodesac skolas meti avtonomia aqvs. sruli avtonomiis SemTxvevaSi, zedmeti tranzaqciebis raodenoba mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba TiToeuli skolisTvis. mesame argumenti exeba adamianuri resursebis efeqtur marTvas - ekonomikuri efeqturobis TvalsazrisiTa da swavlebis xarisxsTan mimarTebaSi. am xedvis momxreebis azriT, skolis ufleba, damoukideblad, garedan Carevisa da sxva mniSvnelovnad Semaferxebeli regulaciebis gareSe miiRos gadawyvetilebebi personalis (maswavleblebisa da administraciis) daqiravebisa da gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb, resursebis Tvisebrivi gaumjobesebis winapirobas qmnis (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). am xedvis momxreebis azriT, SromiTi urTierTobebis mogvarebaSi saxelmwifos an profesiuli kavSirebis Careva xels uSlis naklebi kvalifikaciis, motivaciis an, zogadad rom vTqvaT, profesionalizmis mqone personalis mimarT adekvaturi zomebis miRebas, aseve, skolebSi maswavleblobis an administraciis wevrobis saukeTeso kandidatebis daqiravebasa da personalis jansaRi sixSiriT rotacias. decentralizaciis momxreebis azriT, skolis TviTmmarTvelobaSi mSoblebisa da sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebis CarTva sxva wyaroebidan resursebis mozidvis met SesaZleblobas iZleva (Levin & Belfield, 2003). aseTi resursebi

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SeiZleba iyos ara mxolod finansuri, aramed skolisTvis usasyidlod gadacemuli saqoneli an momsaxureba. RirebulebiTi TvalsazrisiT, saswavlo dawesebulebebis meti avtonomia demokratiul marTvas, adamianis Tavisuflebas ukavSirdeba. mSoblebs ufleba eZlevaT, gadawyviton sakuTari Svilebis bedi da aRzrdis forma. decentralizaciis momxreebi miiCneven, rom metad damoukidebeli sistemebi ufro samarTliania da aseve metad uzrunvelyofs adamianis uflebebis dacvas. miiCneva, rom decentralizaciis pirobebSi skolebs meti SesaZlebloba aqvT, gaiTvaliswinon saskolo Temis miznebi, RirebulebiTi midgomebi Tu aRzrdis principebi. decentralizebul sistemebs meti SesaZlebloba aqvT, moswavleebs mravalferovani kurikulumi da swavlisa da swavlebis principebi SesTavazon. decentralizaciis momxreebi miiCneven, rom es farTo arCevanis safuZvels qmnis da met SesaZleblobas iZleva ojaxebis miswrafebebis dasakmayofileblad. decentralizebuli sistemebis momxreebi aseve fiqroben, rom amgvarad ufro metadaa SesaZlebeli skolebSi demokratiuli marTvis principebis danergva. am principebidan gamomdinare, skolebis ara mxolod administraciuli, aramed saswavlo procesis decentralizebuli marTvis gareSe rTulia imis warmodgena, rogor SeiZleba skolaSi aRizardon moqalaqeebi, romlebic mzad iqnebian demokratiul sazogadoebaSi efeqturi TanamonawilebisTvis (Dewey, 2004). mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba, rom yvela CamoTvlili argumenti SesaZlebelia kritikulad Sefasdes. Cveni interesi am dokumentis farglebSi ar aris yvela kontrargumentis ganxilva da romelimes sasargeblod daskvnebis gakeTeba. rodesac qvemoT saqarTvelos politikasa da praqtikaSi arsebul problemebs ganvixilavT, am argumentebis nawils realuri magaliTebis safuZvelze mimovixilavT.

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decentralizaciis definicia
erTiani standarti, romliTac ganaTlebis sistemebis decentralizaciis xarisxi gaizomeba, ar arsebobs. yvela qveyanis sistema sxvadasxva sakiTxis Sesaxeb centralizebulad an centrisgan moSorebiT iRebs gadawyvetilebebs. sruliad decentralizebuli sistema, romelSic yvela saswavlebeli nebismier sakiTxs damoukideblad wyvets, an raime saxiT ar aris damokidebuli politikur xelisuflebaze, dReisTvis praqtikulad aRar arsebobs. amgvari viTareba ganaTlebis nacionaluri sistemebis Seqmnis sawyisi etapisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli. ganaTlebis nacionaluri sistemebis Seqmnis procesi dasavleTSi me-19 saukunis ganmavlobaSi dasrulda. amaze adre ki Temi Tavad qmnida saskolo dawesebulebebs. skolebi damoukideblad sazRvravdenen swavlebis Sinaarss, meTodebs, personalis daqiravebisa da gaSvebis wesebs. dafinansebac, ZiriTadad, Temisgan modioda. SesaZlebeli iyo skola konkretul individsac Seeqmna sakuTari saxsrebiT, damoukidebeli miznebiT, filosofiuri Tu pedagogiuri safuZvlebiT. Temis mier daarsebuli da dafinansebuli skolebi, cxadia, dResac mraval qveyanaSi arsebobs (ix. fineTi, aSS, germania, Cile, el-salvadori). Tumca, dRes es skolebi, garkveuli regulaciebis Tanaxmad, praqtikulad yvelagan garkveulwilad angariSvaldebulni arian Temis miRma arsebul politikur organoebTan. es SeiZleba iyos municipaliteti, raioni, mxare, regioni, Stati an centraluri xelisufleba (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). amgvari midgomis ZiriTadi safuZvelia saxelmwifoebSi arsebuli saWiroeba, rom Tanamoqalaqeebi saerTo ideologiur safuZvlebze aRizardon, rac xorcieldeba erTiani saswavlo gegmis, swavlebis enis, miznebis Tu nacionaluri narativebis safuZvelze. am gziT aRzrdili moqalaqeebi ki monawileoben saxelmwifos efeqtur funqcionirebaSi (Gellner & Breuilly, 2008). es principi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelova-

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nia demokratiuli wyobis mqone saxelmwifoebisTvis, sadac arCevanis gasakeTeblad saerTo kuTvnilebis gaazrebis garda, moqalaqeebs aseve garkveuli sabaziso wignierebis unar-Cvevebic sWirdebaT (Dewey, 2004). ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizaciis xarisxis dasadgenad SeuZlebelia erTi an ori calkeuli parametris gamoyofa. gansakuTrebiT problemuria qveynebis erTmaneTTan Sedareba. Tu romelime parametriT sistema A - B-sTan SedarebiT erTi parametriT decentralizebulia, SesaZloa, sxva parametris mixedviT viTareba sapirispiro iyos. magaliTad, germaniis federaciuli respublikaSi erTiani nacionaluri saswavlo gegma ar arsebobs. federaciis yvela subieqts Tavisi saswavlo gegma aqvs. fineTSi saswavlo gegmis Sedgena centralizebulad xdeba. es parametri, sxva parametrebisgan damoukideblad, ar aris sakmarisi, raTa CavTvaloT, rom fineTSi ufro metad centralizebuli ganaTlebis sistemaa, vidre germaniis federaciul respublikaSi, radgan, Tu sxva parametrebs gadavxedavT (mag. kurikulumis moculobebisa da Sinaarsis modificirebis Tavisuflebas), SesaZloa, fineTi naklebad centralizebulad Sefasdes. sistemebis umetesobaSi pasuxismgebloba da gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba ganawilebulia sam an met doneze - skola, adgilobrivi xelisufleba da centraluri xelisufleba. adgilobrivi xelisufleba sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi SeiZleba TavisTavad iyos dayofili SedarebiT mcire, (magaliTad, municipaliteti an saskolo olqi) an ufro msxvil erTeulebad, rogoric aris regioni an mxare (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). ganaTlebis sistemebis umetesobaSi marTvis centralur rgols ufro metad regulaciebis dadgenisa da xarisxis marTvis prerogativa aqvs, rac xSirad gulisxmobs normatiuli CarCos SemuSavebas, kurikulumis dadgenas, saxelfaso minimumebisa da xarisxis Semowmebis instrumentebis SemuSavebasa da danergvas.

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sistemebis umetesobaSi sajaro skolebis dafinansebis ZiriTadi wyaro adgilobrivi da ara centraluri biujetia. bevrgan moqmedebs principi, romlis mixedviTac, Tu adgilobrivi biujetis saSualebiT ar aris SesaZlebeli minimaluri saganmanaTleblo pirobebis uzrunvelyofa, maSin subsidiebi centraluri xelisuflebisgan gamoiyofa. msgavsi sistema 2005 wlamde saqarTveloSic moqmedebda (saqarTvelos kanoni ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 1997). sistemebis umetesobaSi SezRudulia skolebis roli Sesyidvebis, adamianuri personalis marTvis, saswavlo miznebisa da resursebis SerCevis procesSi. skolis personali SesaZlebelia CarTuli iyos zogierTi gadawyvetilebis momzadebasa an miRebaSi, magram maswavleblebisa da administraciis damoukidebeli SerCeva skolebis mier mxolod zogierT saxelmwifoSia miRebuli. aseTi saxelmwifoebis ricxvSi Sedis saqarTveloc (saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005). umetes sistemebSi amgvar sakiTxebze gadawyvetilebis miReba adgilobriv xelisuflebasTan da, xSirad, profesiul kavSirebTan erTad xdeba. sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi skolebis uflebamosilebebi gansxvavebulia. aseve gansxvavebulia savaldebulo angariSvaldebulebis xarisxi da Tavisufleba kerZo da sajaro skolebSic. rogorc wesi, sistemebis umetesobaSi kerZo skolebs meti Tavisufleba aqvT adamianuri, materialuri da finansuri resursebis marTvis gzebis gansazRvris kuTxiT. isini ufro metad damoukideblad gansazRvraven saswavlo miznebsac. kerZo skolebi aseve ufro metad Tavisuflebi arian sxvadasxva religiuri an filosofiuri swavlebis danergvaSic. saxelmwifoebis nawili (mag. holandia, aSS, SvedeTi, saqarTvelo) kerZo saswavleblebsac afinansebs (Levin & Belfield, 2003). zogierTi qveynisTvis kerZo skolebis raodenobis zrda decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT saganmanaTleblo politikis mniSvnelovani safuZvelia. am politikis yvelaze cnobili magaliTi Cilea. kerZo skolebSi moswavleebis

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nawili srulad an nawilobrivad finansdeba saxelmwifo vauCerebiT. kerZo skolebis raodenobis zrdasTan erTad, CileSi sajaro skolebis avtonomiac gaizarda (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). zogierT sistemaSi arsebobs kerZo da sajaro skolas Soris Sualeduri skolis tipi. aseTia, magaliTad, Carteruli skolebi aSS-Si. Carteruli skola sajarosgan, ZiriTadad, Tavisuflebis xarisxiT gansxvavdeba. kerZod, amgvari skola saxelmwifosgan da profesiuli kavSirebisgan damoukideblad marTavs adamianur personals, kurikulums, finansur da materialur resursebs (Finnigan, 2007). Carterul skolebs, kerZo skolebTan SedarebiT, SezRuduli uflebebi aqvT. isini saxelmwifosTan deben specialur xelSekrulebas, Carters. Carterul skolebs ekrZalebaT, magaliTad, moswavleebisgan gadasaxadebis akrefa da moswavleebis SerCeva konkursis gziT. SejamebisTvis SeiZleba gamoiyos ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizaciis ramdenime done (Bruns, Filmer, & Patrinos, 2011): a) susti decentralizacia - rodesac ZiriTadi gadawyvetilebebi, resursebis ganawileba, xarisxis marTva, miznebisa da midgomebis dadgena xdeba centralur doneze. adgilobriv an skolis doneze gadawyvetilebebi umniSvnelo masStabiT miiReba. qveda rgolebs ufro metad Semsruleblebis roli da vertikaluri angariSvaldebuleba aqvT centraluri xelisuflebis mimarT. kerZo an naxevrad damoukidebeli skolebis roli SezRudulia. b) saSualo decentralizacia - rodesac gadawyvetilebebis ZiriTadi nawili miiReba municipalitetebis, raionebis, mxareebis an olqebis mier. dafinanseba ZiriTadad adgilobrivi biujetebidan xdeba. centraluri xelisuflebis roli dabalia. is umTavresad TamaSis wesebs adgens da zedamxedvelis rols inarCunebs. g) Zlieri decentralizacia - skolebis bazaze gadawyvetilebis miRebis xarisxi maRalia. angariSvaldebule-

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bebis sistema gulisxmobs rogorc vertikalur (skola>adgilobrivi xelisufleba->centraluri xelisufleba), aseve horizontalur angariSgebas (skola->sazogadoeba). decentralizaciasTan dakavSirebuli terminebi xSirad urTierTCanacvlebadi da urTierTgadafarvadi SinaarsiT gamoiyeneba. decentralizaciis ZiriTad formebs Soris, rac Cveni dokumentisTvis aris relevanturi, xSirad ganasxvaveben decentralizaciis sam formas: dekoncentracias, devolucias da delegirebas (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). dekoncentracia funqciebisa da pasuxismgeblobebis erTi romelime centraluri organodan ramdenime centralur an adgilobriv saxelmwifo organoze gadanawilebas gulisxmobs. dekoncentracia SeiZleba mxolod geografiuli niSniTac moxdes. amisi magaliTia ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros centraluri aparatis mier sakuTari adgilobrivi warmomadgenlobiTi organoebisTvis (magaliTad resurscentrebisTvis) ufleba-movaleobebis gadacema. delegireba gulisxmobs sakuTari ufleba-movaleobebis romelime organizaciisTvis gadacemas. magaliTad, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros maswavleblebis profesiuli zrdis an/da sertificirebis funqciebis sxva organizaciebisTvis (mag. universitetebi, asociaciebi) delegireba SeuZlia. devolucia zeda donidan qveda doneze ufleba-movaleobebis gadacemas gulisxmobs. magaliTad, maswavleblebis daqiravebis sakiTxebis marTva saxelmwifom 2005 wlidan devoluciis gziT skolebs gadasca. devolucia Zlieri decentralizaciis erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli formaa.

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kvlevebi decentralizaciis gavrcelebis formebisa da efeqturobis Sesaxeb

saerTaSoriso kvlevebi ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizaciis principebis Sesafaseblad mniSvnelovan informacias gvawvdis. Cven SeviswavleT rogorc erT konkretul saxelmwifoSi Catarebuli, ise SedarebiTi kvlevebis Sedegebi, ris safuZvelzec ZiriTadad SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom: skolebis avtonomiis zrda xSirad xels uwyobs mSoblebis ufro met CarTulobas, maswavleblebis pasuxismgeblobis zrdas, resursebis ukeT marTvas, moswavleebis ukeTes miRwevebs, mSoblebis kmayofilebis zrdas. skolebisTvis avtonomiis miniWeba avtomaturad da yvela SemTxvevaSi ar iwvevs xarisxis gaumjobesebas. mniSvnelovania avtonomiis meqanizmebis swori gansazRvra. es gulisxmobs uflebamosilebebis swori moculobiT gadacemas, skolebis xarisxis marTvis efeqturi meqanizmebis arsebobas, skolebis mzaobasa da mxardaWeris, maT Soris, finansuri da inteleqtualuri meqanizmebis arsebobas. sistemis decentralizaciisadmi erTi da igive midgoma sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi sxvadasxva Sedegs iZle va. es ukavSirdeba sistemis sxva elementebis, saxelmwifoSi arsebuli politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri viTarebis, saxelmwifos administraciuli mowyobis, adamianuri resursebis mzaobis problemebs. sxvadasxva kvleva mraval mniSvnelovan Tvisebriv informacias Seicavs. mag. argentinaSi, buenos airesSi Catarebuli kvleva aCvenebs, rom is, Tu rogor inergeba marTvis principebi skolis bazaze, damokidebulia ara mxolod socialur-politikur viTarebaze, aramed Tavad organizaciebis Sida Taviseburebebze (Astiz, 2006). skolebSi sx-

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vadasxva aqtoris efeqturoba izrdeba, rodesac municipaluri xelisuflebis mxridan mikromenejmentis praqtika mcirea. israelSi arabuli da ebrauli skolebis SedarebiTi kvleva aCvenebs, rom skolebma SesaZloa garkveuli mizezebis gamo ar gamoiyenon sakuTari Tavisufleba saswavlo gegmis cvlilebis mizniT (Benavot & Resh, 2003). miuxedavad imisa, rom arabul da ebraul skolebs SesaZloa sxvadasxva donis Tavisufleba hqondeT miniWebuli, maTi kurikulumebi Zalian msgavsia. arabul skolebSi mravalferovnebis gaCenas aferxebs maTi organizaciuli SesaZleblobebi da konservatuli damokidebuleba e.w.ZiriTadi sagnebis mimarT. britaneTSi grantebis safuZvelze marTuli skolebis (amerikuli Carteruli skolis varianti) SemoRebis Semdeg, kvlevam dadebiTi cvlilebebi aCvena moswavleebis Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT (Clark, 2009). pozitiuri cvlilebebis erT-erT ZiriTadi faqtori, kvlevis Tanaxmad, maswavleblebis daqiravebisa da daTxovnis Tavisuflebaa. Carteruli skolebis kvleva amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi aCvenebs, rom skolis damoukidebloba - Tavad marTos sakuTari biujeti - SeiZleba SeizRudos aramarto saxelmwifos mier (Finnigan, 2007). am kvlevis mixedviT. naxevrad damoukidebeli skolebis avtonomiis ganxorcielebas SeiZleba xels uSlidnen maTi damfuZnebeli kerZo organizaciebi. amasTan erTad, skolis mier swavlebis damoukideblobas zRudavs saxelmwifos mier dawesebuli xarisxis marTvis iseTi elementebi, rogoric aris testirebebis erTiani sistema. es mniSvnelovnad cvlis saskolo praqtikas standartizaciis sasargeblod. laTinuri amerikis aTi qveynis moswavleebis saswavlo Sedegebis kvlevaze dayrdnobiT Catarebuli SedarebiTi analizi aCvenebs, rom decentralizaciis xarisxi SeiZleba ara imdenad qveynebs Soris gansxvavdebodes, ramdenadac qveynis SigniT (Gunnarsson, Orazem, Snchez, & Verdisco, 2009). amasTan erTad, kvleva aCvenebs, rom iseTi centralizeb-

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uli qveyanac ki, rogoric aris kuba, mniSvnelovan Tavisuflebas aZlevs skolebs. kvleva aCvenebs dadebiT kavSirs skolis avtonomias, mSoblebis CarTulobasa da moswavleebis Sedegebs Soris. is skolebi, romlebic ara mxolod mzad arian, aramed avtonomiis misaRebad mowadinebulebi arian, ukeTes Sedegebs aRweven. sainteresoa koreis SemTxvevac. koreaSi, saerTaSoriso Sefasebebis mixedviT, moswavleebs sakmaod kargi Sedegebi aqvT. sistema ZiriTadad centralizebulia. saministro pasuxismgebelia skolaSi Caricxvaze, kurikulumze, maswavleblebis daqiravebasa da infrastruqturaze. Tumca, adgilobriv ganaTlebis departamentebs meoce saukunis 90-iani wlebidan meti avtonomia miecaT resursebis mobilizebis, finansebisa Tu skolebis dakompleqtebis kuTxiT. 1995 wlidan koream daiwyo kurikulumis reforma; skolebs misca saSualeba, centralurad Seqmnili kurikulumis garkveuli modificireba gakeTebebinaT; aseve mTavrobam gaauqma kontrolis zogierTi meqanizmi (skolebis moulodneli Semowmeba saministros mier) da skolebs SedarebiT meti avtonomia mianiWa. miuxedavad imisa, rom dResac mTavaria centraluri mTavrobis roli, mTavroba cdilobs, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi Sesabamisi struqturiTa da resursebiT uzrunvelyos da ar dakavdes skolebis mikromenejmentiT (Kim, 2001). amas adasturebs 2008 wels mTavrobis mier miRebuli adgilobrivi ganaTlebis avtonomiis aqtic, romelic miznad skolebis avtonomiurobis Semdgom zrdas isaxavs. erT-erTi yvelaze avtoritetuli SedarebiTi kvleva, romelic moswavleebis miRwevebis saerTaSoriso kvlevebs (PISA) efuZneba, aCvenebs, rom decentralizacia ganviTarebis sxvadasxva donis qveynebSi sxvadasxvagvar Sedegebs iZleva (Hanushek, Link, & Woessmann, 2012). susti mmarTvelobisa da dabali ekonomikuri monacemebis mqone saxelmwi-

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foebSi decentralizaciam SesaZloa moswavleebis Sedegebis klebac ki gamoiwvios. mark hansoni (1997), romelmac mravali qveynis decentralizaciis gamocdileba Seiswavla, askvnis, rom: 1. Zlier decentralizacias (devolucia) grZelvadiani warmatebis meti Sansi aqvs. decentralizacia maSinaa warmatebuli, rodesac regionebs da municipalitetebs centri aramarto problemebsa da tvirTs gadaabarebs, aramed warmatebuli cvlilebisTvis realur Sanss aZlevs; 2. mniSvnelovani politikuri reformebi warmatebas aRwevs an warumateblobisTvisaa ganwiruli politikuri da ara teqnikuri mosazrebebis gamo; 3. erovnuli/regionuli/municipaluri Zalauflebis ganawilebis mowyoba ufro efeqturia, rodesac Zalauflebis gadacemis pirobebi molaparakebis sagania da ZaliT Tavs moxveuli ar aris; 4. mTavroba, maswavleblebis profkavSirebi da asociaciebi decentralizaciis procesis mxardamWerebi iqnebian, Tuki es institutebi gaiazreben reformis sargebels; 5. adgilobrivi iniciativa seriozulad izRudeba maSin, rodesac ganaTlebis dafinanseba mTlianad damokidebulia centraluri mTavrobis biujetze; 6. warmatebuli decentralizaciis iniciativa moiTxovs Zlier liderebs, romlebic stabilurad arian xelisuflebaSi; stabiluroba mniSvnelovania, raTa maT SeZlon kargad dagegmili decentralizaciis gegmis ganxorcieleba; 7. upriania, Zalaufleba maSin gadaeces skolebs, municipalitetebs Tu regionebs, rodesac isini garkveu-

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li mzaobis tests Caabareben (mag. finansuri monawileoba, treningi, Temis CarTuloba). es unda moxdes nabij-nabij. rekomendebuli araa yvela sferosa da institutis decentralizacia, miuxedavad imisa, arian Tu ara isini mzad amisaTvis; 8. decentralizaciis procesis ganxorcielebisas ganaTlebis saministrom unda SeimuSaos instrumenti, romelic mas saSualebas miscems, Tavi daicvas mniSvnelovani regionuli gansxvavebebisagan saganmanaTleblo SesaZleblobebis, xarisxisa da akademiuri programebis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT; 9. adamianebi, romelTac aqvT mniSvnelovani menejeruli gamocdileba centralurad dagegmili saganmanaTleblo sistemis SemTxvevaSi, naklebad sasurveli kandidatebi arian decentralizebuli sistemis samarTavad; 10. sistemis decentralizaciis Sedegad moswavleTa testis qulebi, riTac xSirad zomaven ganaTlebis xarisxs, SesaZloa marTlac gaizardos; Tumca, imis gamo, rom arsebobs uamravi socio-ekonomikuri da organizaciuli cvladi, rasac SeiZleba es cvlileba gamowevia, albaT, ar aris gamarTlebuli am cvlilebis decentralizaciis procesze miwera. msoflio bankis maswavleblebis profesiasTan dakavSirebuli saerTaSoriso SedarebiTi kvlevis Tanaxmad, maswavleblebis korpusis marTvis decentralizacia yvelaze efeqturad muSaobs im qveynebSi, sadac ganaTlebis sistema ukve gamarTulia (Gaynor, 1998). sxvadasxva qveyanaSi skolebis avtonomiis mimarTulebiT ganxorcielebuli programebis Sefasebis Sesaxeb monacemebi ixileT cxril 1-Si.

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cxrili1: uaxlesi kvlevebi skolebis avtonomiis Sesaxeb. wyaro Bruns, Filmer, Patrinos 2011

saxelmwifo

programa

wlebi

Sedegebi

kenia

1. moswavleebis Sedegebis zrda; 2. maswavleblebis gacdenebis SemcidamatebiTi 2006-08 reba; maswavleblebis 3. skolis mitovebis programa maCveneblis mcire cvlileba. 1. skolis miRma darCenili moswavleebis raodenobis Semcireba; 2. klasSi CarCenis Semcireba; Temis mxardaWer2007-09 is programa 3. klasSi gadasvlis maCveneblis zrda; 4. Tanabrobis zrda (dabali kastis wevrebis Sedegebis zrda). 1. aranairi gavlena CarTulobaze, maswavleblebis gacdenebze arasamTavrobo an infrastruqorganizaciebis 2004-08 turaze; skolis marTvaSi CarTva 2. sabWoebSi CarTulebis raodenobis zrda

nepali

pakistani

25

indonezia

meqsika

1. swavlis Sedegebis gaumjobeseba; 2. skolebSi arCevnebis skolis bazaze efeqtis zrda; 2007-08 marTva 3. mSobliuri enisa da maTematikis mimarTulebiT Sedegebis zrda. 1. pirvel klasSi CarTulobis zrda; 2. skolidan gadinebis Semcireba; 2007-10 3. mesame klasSi proAGE 125 gramis meore wlis ganmavlobaSi wignierebis Sedegebis zrda. 1. mcire cvlilebebi skolis mitovebis maCvenebelSi; 2. aranairi efeqti testirebis maCveneblebze. 1. kiTxvis qulebis gaumjobeseba; 2. gacdenebis Semcireba; 3. moswavleebis skolebSi darCenis albaTobis zrda. 1. warumateblobis da klasSi CarCenis maCveneblis kleba; 2. aranairi efeqti skolis mitovebis maCvenebelze; 3. testirebis qulebis zrda.

6 hondurasi

PROHECO

1999

el salvadori

EDUCO

1991

meqsika

AGE

1996

26

nikaragua

ASP

10

meqsika

PEC

11

meqsika

PEC-FIDE

12 brazilia

decentralizacia

1. deiure avtonomia aranairi efeqti; 1991,93 2. defaqto avtonomia - (daqiraveba/daTxovnaSi) testirebis Sedegebis zrda. 1. skolis mitovebis maCveneblis kleba; 2001 2. aranairi efeqti klasSi CarCenis maCvenebelze. 1. klasSi gadasvlis maCveneblis zrda; 2008-09 2. testirebis Sedegebis zrda. 1. CarCenisa da mitovebis maCveneblis kleba; 1982 2. aranairi efeqti testirebis maCveneblebze. 1993 1996 testirebis qulebis zrda testirebis qulebis zrda mniSvnelovani, magram mcire zrda testirebis qulebSi. 1. testirebis barieris gadalaxvis maCveneblis zrda; 2. skolis mitovebis maCveneblis Semcireba; 3. miRwevebis zrda. 1. miRwevebi ar gazrdila; 2. gamwvavda socialuri uTanasworoba.

13 nikaragua 14 el salvadori

ASP EDUCO

15 filipinebi

skolis bazaze 2003marTva

16

kamboja

EQUIP

19982004

17

nigeria

decentralizacia 1986(dekoncentracia, 2006 delegacia)

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saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistema

sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemaSi decentralizacis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganxorcielda. gasuli saukunis oTxmocdaaTian wlebSi gaCnda kerZo skolebi. e.w. saavtoro skolebma sakuTari, saxelmwifosgan garkveulwilad gansxvavebuli kurikulumis Seqmnis ufleba miiRes. dakanonda mSoblebis mier skolebis Tavisufali arCevani. oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis bolos Seiqmna alternatiuli saxelmZRvaneloebi, ramac skolebs SesaZlebloba misca, saganmanaTleblo resursebi garkveuli CarCoebis pirobebSi Tavad aerCiaT. amave dros, gaCnda arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da skolebis TanamSromlobis praqtika. mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi skolebis decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT 2004 wlis Semdeg moxda. am droidan sistemis marTvis ZiriTadi principebi Seicvala. Seicvala dafinansebis, saswavlo gegmisa da resursebis marTvis, personalis SerCevis, daqiravebisa da gaSvebis wesebi. saxelmwifo organoebis uflebamosilebebi axleburad ganisazRvra. saqarTveloSi maRali xarisxis decentralizaciis sistema Seiqmna (Padeco., 2007). Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom maRali xarisxis decentralizaciisken gadadgmuli politikuri nabijebi frTxil Sefasebas saWiroebs. mravali gadawyvetileba, amave dros, swored centralizaciis mimarTulebiT iqna miRebuli.

centralizaciis mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli nabijebi 2005 wels zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis SemoRebis Semdeg, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroSi zogierTi im funqciis akumulireba moxda, rac manamde sxvadasxva saxelmwifo organois mier xorcieldeboda. Semcirda adgilobrivi xelisuflebis roli ganaTlebaSi (saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005).

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skolebs 2005 wlis kanonis cvlilebamde, ZiriTadad, adgilobrivi xelisufleba afinansebda. adgilobrivi xelisufleba sakuTari biujetis formirebas adgilobrivi SemosavlebiT da centraluri biujetidan axdenda. adgilobriv biujetSi gamoyofili iyo xarjebi socialuri servisebisTvis, romlis nawili skolebis dafinansebac iyo. centraluri biujetidan Tanxebis moTxovna ganaTlebis saministros gverdis avliT xdeboda da, ZiriTadad, finansTa saministrosa da adgilobrivi xelisuflebas Soris arsebul tranzaqcias warmoadgenda. 2005 wlidan adgilobrivi xelisuflebisa da finansTa saministros roli skolebis dafinansebis moculobis gansazRvraSi amovarda. skolebs ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro afinansebs pirdapiri wesiT, ZiriTadad, saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier dadgenili moswavleebis raodenobaze dafuZnebuli formulis mixedviT. adgilobrivi xelisuflebis roli Semcirda skolebis dafuZnebisa da marTvis sxva aspeqtSic. adgilobriv xelisuflebas CamoerTva skolebis daarsebis ufleba, rac maT gasuli saukunis oTxmocdaaTiani wlebis bolos hqondaT (saqarTvelos kanoni ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 1997). isini aseve aRar monawileobdnen skolebis direqtorebisa Tu maswavleblebis SerCevisa da daniSvnis procesSi. Semcirda centraluri xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis roli. saskolo olqebi da ganaTlebis raionuli ganyofilebebi, romlebic aseve monawileobdnen skolebis daarsebaSi, skolebis personalis SerCevaSi, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier finansebis kontrolsa da maTi materialuri uzrunvelyofis sakiTxebSi - gauqmda. skolebis materialur-teqnikuri aRWurvis, finansuri monitoringis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebebs centraluri xelisufleba iRebs. centraluri xelisuflebis adgilobrivi warmomadgenlebi, resurscentrebi, gadawyvetilebebs skolis funqcionirebasTan dakavSirebiT ar iReben. resurscentri ufro metad informaciis gamtaria da centraluri orga-

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nos mier inicirebuli sxvadasxva procesis organizebaSia CarTuli. 2005 wlidan xarisxis marTvis instrumentebi centralizebuli xdeba. manamde saskolo olqebsa da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs hqondaT xarisxis marTvis sakiTxebSi Carevis ufleba (saqarTvelos kanoni ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 1997). 2005 wlidan xarisxis marTva skolisa da centraluri xelisuflebis mier xorcieldeba (saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005). SemuSavda skolebis avtorizaciisa da akreditaciis sistema, romelsac administrirebas ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centri uwevda. aseve SemuSvda da daiwyo e.w. brendirebis sistemis danergva, romlis mixedviTac skolebi erTian, centralizebulad dadgenil standartul skalaze fasdeboda. Camoyalibda aseve centraluli xelisuflebis mier saskolo sistemis Sedegebis kvlevis garkveuli CarCo, romelic adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso kvlevebis Sedegebs efuZneba. centralizebisken gadagmuli kidev erTi nabijia skolis atestatebis gacemis sistemis cvlileba 2010 wlidan. am droidan skolis mier moswavleebis Sefaseba aRar aris sakmarisi imisTvis, rom maT skolis damTavrebis damadasturebeli sabuTi - atestati miiRon. maT centralizebulad administrirebad gamocdebze unda miiRon dadebiTi Sefasebebi. es procesi 2013 wlis zafxulSi SeCerda da, gegmis mixedviT, 2014 wels unda ganaxldes. 2010-2012 wlebSi centralizebisken gadadgmuli nabiji aseve iyo skolebSi centraluri xelisuflebis mier SerCeuli da mas daqvemdebarebuli personalis gagzavna. mandaturis samsaxuris TanamSromlebis SerCeva, momzadeba, ganawileba, monitoringi da angariSvaldebuleba centralizebulad xorcieldeboda (gorgoZe da janaSia, 2012). msgavsi midgoma dainerga skolebis sainformacio teqnologiebis specialistebisa da iuristebis SemTxvevaSic.

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amave wlebSi sistemis centralizebis magaliTia skolebisTvis sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis sakiTxebis centralizebuli marTva. skolebs daevalaT sazogadoebriv an sxva organizaciebTan da mediasTan urTierTobisas ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosgan nebarTvis miReba. imave periodSi dainerga moswavleebis skolebSi registrirebisa da skolidan skolaSi gadasvlis procesis centralizebulad regulirebis sistema. mSoblebi valdebulebi gaxdnen, bavSvis skolaSi Seyvanisas registracia centralizebulad, ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemis administrirebaSi CarTuli specialuri saagentos internetsaitis http://registration.emis.ge meSveobiT gaevloT. registraciis vadebi da pirobebi aseve centralizebulad, saxelmwifos mier dgindeba. 2010 wels maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnulma centrma daiwyo maswavleblebis profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebis momzadeba da SeTavazeba. am nabijiT centraluri xelisufleba maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebis sistemaSi provaideris roliT dabrunda.

decentralizaciisken gadadgmuli nabijebi yvelaze TvalsaCino nabijebi decentralizaciis gzaze skolebis TviTmmarTvelobis gaZlierebas ukavSirdeba. sajaro skolebi Camoyalibdnen, rogorc damoukidebeli organizaciebi. isini dafuZndnen, rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi. maT ganesazRvraT qoneba, romelic uzufruqtiT gadaecaT. skolebma gaxsnes sakuTari sabanko angariSebi (Padeco., 2007). TiToeuli skola pasuxismgebeli gaxda, SromiTi da sakontraqto urTierTobebi daemyarebina sakuTar personalTan da gareSe pirebTan an organizaciebTan (saqarTvelos kanoni `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005). skolebi pasuxismgeblebi gaxdnen sakuTari maswavleblebis, administraciuli personalisa da direqciis arCevaze. saxelmwi-

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fos roli ufro metad finansuri normativebis (saxelfaso minimumebi, saStato ganrigi) dadgeniT, an sakvalifikacio moTxovnebis dadgeniTa da SemowmebT Semoifargla (direqtorebis kandidatebisa da maswavlebelTa sertificireba). saxelmwifo axdenda aseve SerCevis procesis reglamentirebasa da monitorings. mag. saxelmwifo acxadebs konkursebis vadebs (skolis direqtoris arCevis, sameurveo sabWos arCevis) da aseve dokumentirebis pirobebs. 2005 wlis reformis Semdeg skolas gauCnda sakuTari biujeti, romlis marTvazec Tavad aris pasuxismgebeli. pasuxismgebloba skolis farglebSi nawildeba sameurveo sabWosa da skolis direqcias Soris. sameurveo sabWos biujetis gansazRvris, mniSvnelovani gadaxedvisa da monitoringis funqcia aqvs. direqcia biujetis operaciul marTvas axorcielebs (Padeco., 2007). skolebs miecaT saswavlo gegmebisa da midgomebis modificirebis SesaZlebloba. erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT, saswavlo programis Sinaarsis mxolod nawili regulirdeba. skolebs aseve garkveul farglebSi saswavlo saaTebis modificirebis SesaZlebloba aqvT. aman skolebs sakuTari saganmanaTleblo profilis Seqmnis SesaZlebloba misca. wina sistemisgan gansxvavebiT, aRar aris saWiro specialuri saganmanaTleblo programebis centralizebulad damtkiceba sxvadasxva profilis skolebisTvis, an amgvari profilis skolebis centralizebulad damtkiceba. skolebis vauCeruli, ZiriTadad, moswavleebis raodenobaze dafuZnebuli formuliT gaCnda sabazro principebze, momxmarebelze orientirebuli sistemis elementebi. skolebis nawili (iq, sadac konkurenciaa SesaZlebeli) dainteresda, rom moswavleebi sxvadasxva gziT, maT Soris, ukeTesi saskolo garemosa da saswavlo pirobebis xarjze miezida. decentralizaciisken gadadgmul nabijad SeiZleba CaiTvalos kerZo skolebis mxardaWera. kerZo skolebic iRebdnen saxelmwifo dafinansebas (saqarTvelos kanoni

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`zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005). saxelmwifo aseve garkveuli masStabiT exmareboda kerZo skolebs infrastruqturis mowyobaSi, saxelmwifo skolebis optimizaciisa da SemdgomSi maTi Senobebis privatizaciis gziT. sistemis dekoncentraciis da funqciebis delegirebis TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovani iyo saxelmwifos mier profesiuli procesebis politikuri organoebisgan gareSe saagentoebSi gatana. Seiqmna naxevrad damoukidebeli centrebi, romelTa funqciebi ZiriTadad xarisxis marTvis, maswavleblebis profesiuli ganviTarebis, gamocdebis, informaciis marTvis, infrastruqturis ganviTarebis procesebs ukavSirdeboda. Seiqmna da SemdgomSi daixura saswavlo gegmebisa da moswavleebis Sedegebis kvlevis funqciis mqone centri. amgvari saagentoebis SeqmniT, saxelmwifom daacila profesiuli saqmianoba politikur saqmianobas da SesaZlebeli gaxada politikuri cvlilebebis mimarT ufro mdgradi politikis ganxorcieleba.

sistemis ZiriTadi normatiuli maxasiaTeblebi 2005-2011 wlebSi kanonma `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganicada decentralizacia/centralizaciis mimarTulebiT. Tuki 2005 wels axali kanonis damtkicebiT aSkara iyo sistemis decentralizaciis mcdeloba sakanonmdeblo doneze, 6 wlian SualedSi perioduli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis Sedegad, zedmetad centralizebuli zogadi saganmanaTleblo sistemis normatiuli CarCo miviReT. 2005 wels miRebuli kanoniT normatiulad uzrunvelyofili iyo skolebis Camoyalibeba sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirebad, sameurveo sabWoebis Seqmna, direqtorebis arCeviToba, moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba, naxevrad-avtonomiuri saagentoebis Seqmna, skolis finansuri da administraciuli damoukidebloba. skola, rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri,

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ssip-is kanonis Tanaxmad, damoukideblad axorcielebs saqmianobas. meore mxriv, igi eqvemdebareba saxelmwifo kontrols, rac gulisxmobs mis mier ganxorcielebuli saqmianobis kanonierebis, mizanSewonilobis, efeqtianobisa da finansur-ekonomikuri saqmianobis zedamxedvelobas (Tavi 4, muxli 11, punqti 1). saxelmwifos aseve aqvs ufleba, SeaCeros ssipis `aramarTlzomieri gadawyvetileba (Tavi 4, muxli 11, punqti 3). kanoni sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb garkveul avtonomias aniWebs skolas mis adrindel statusTan SedarebiT, Tuca, miuxedavad amisa, skolas ar hqonia saSualeba, es uflebebi gamoeyenebina. magaliTad, ssip-is kanonis Tanaxmad, misi dafinansebis wyaro SeiZleba iyos Senatanebi, magram skolas realurad ar hqonda saSualeba, mieRo Semowiruloba imis gamo, rom eSinodaT, es ar gamxdariyo skolis dasjis sababi. Semowirulobebis miRebis formamac ki centralizebuli xasiaTi SeiZina. skolebma miiRes Semowirulebobebi kursdamTavrebulebisgan, magram am RonisZiebas erTjeradi piar-aqciis xasiaTi hqonda da inicirebuli iyo saministros mier. skolas aseve SeuZlia miiRos Semosavali ekonomikuri saqmianobidan da moaxmaros igi skolis miznebisa da funqciebis ganxorcielebas (muxli 51, kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb). Tumca, es SesaZleblobebic ZiriTadad gamouyenebeli rCeboda. kanonis mixedviT, qonebis gankargva unda moxdes saministros Tanxmobis safuZvelze (muxli 10, punqti 2, kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb). skolebi mxolod saxelmwifosaTvis prioritetuli saqmianobisaTvis iTxovdnen am Tanxmobas (magaliTad, centralizebulad Catarebuli treningebisTvis farTis gamoyofa). 2008 wlidan kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebi ukve miuTiTebs imaze, rom sistemam nel-nela centralizaciisken aiRo gezi. sameurveo sabWoebs da direqtorebs SeezRudaT uflebebi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da ministris uflebebis gazrdis xarjze, Seicvala saxelm-

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wifo kontrolis cneba (mSvenieraZe, 2011). ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris 2010 wlis 12 noembris N837 brZanebiT skolebs aekrZalaT ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros nebarTvis gareSe iurdiul da fizikur pirebTan SeTanxmeba skolebSi leqciebis, seminarebisa Tu treningebis Catarebis mizniT. aseTi survilis SemTxvevaSi, skola an servisis mimwodebeli fizikuri da iuridiuli piri valdebuli gaxda, Tanxmobis misaRebad daewera gancxadeba, sadac aRwerili iqneboda leqciis, treningisa Tu kvlevis Tematika. praqtikaSi Zalian iSviaTi iyo SemTxveva, rodesac moTxovnis safuZvelze saministro Tanxmobas iZleoda aseT gancxadebebze.

problemebis analizi
am nawilSi SevecdebiT decentralizaciasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi warmogidginoT. Tavdapirvelad ganvixilavT skolebisa da saxelmwifos urTierTobis problemebs. SemdgomSi ganvixilavT saxelmwifos midgomebs sakuTari funqciebis dekoncentraciisa da delegirebis sakiTxebSi. bolos, problemebis sailustraciod, SemogTavazebT situaciur magaliTs.

skolebis avtonomia da maTi angariSgeba saxelmwifos winaSe im qveynebSi, sadac skolebs resursebis ganawilebis, swavlebis meTodebis SerCevisa da Sefasebis sakiTxebSi meti avtonomia aqvT, isini pasuxismgebelni arian, sazogadoebas warudginon skolis miRwevebis Sesaxeb monacemebi. am skolebs ukeTesi Sedegebi aqvT dabali avtonomiis skolebTan SedarebiT, an im skolebTan SedarebiT, romlebsac aqvT avtonomia, magram ar gaaCniaT angariSgebis valdebuleba (PISA, 2011). saqarTveloSi acdenaa saxelmwifos molodinebsa da

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skolis normatiulad dadgenil uflebas Soris - damoukideblad marTos resursebi. magaliTad, skolebs maswavleblebis damoukideblad SerCevisa da gaTavisuflebis ufleba aqvT, saxelmwifo ki xSirad xels uSlis maT am uflebis ganxorcielebaSi. es xSirad ukavSirdeboda amomrCevlebis gaRizianebis SiSs, rasac maswavleblis samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba gamoiwvevda. amitom saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi arCevnebis dros skolis administracias urCevdnen, TanamSromlebis daTxovnisgan Tavi SeekavebinaT. meore gza, romliTac saxelmwifo normatiulad dadgenili uflebamosilebis gadametebiT skolis mier personalis SerCevis uflebis ganxorcielebaSi ereoda - maTTvis konkretuli pirovnebebis TanamSromlebad ayvanis davaldebuleba iyo. magaliTad, skolis direqtorebis informaciiT, saxelmwifo araformalurad avaldebulebda skolebs sxvadasxva Tanamdebobaze aeyvanaT adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier gaTavisuflebuli kulturis ganyofilebis TanamSromlebi. aseve, saxelmwifo xSirad sTavazobda skolebs konkretul kandidaturas skolis direqtoris Tanamdebobaze. miuxedavad imisa, rom kanonmdeblobiT skolis direqtoris movaleobis Sesruleba direqtoris gadayenebis an wasvlis SemTxvevaSi mis moadgiles SeeZlo, saxelmwifo iSviaTad utovebda am SesaZleblobas skolas da Tavad iRebda gadawyvetilebas am Tanamdebobaze misTvis sasurveli piris daniSvnis Taobaze. saxelmwifo aseve ereoda saStato ganawilebaSi da damatebiTi personalis daqiravebaSi. im SemTxevaSic ki, rodesac skolebs damatebiTi personalis ayvanis SesaZlebloba hqondaT, saxelmwifos warmomadgenlebi saStato ganrigebis damtkicebisas skolebs urCevdnen, Tavi SeekavebinaT amgvari qmedebebisgan. aseve, iyo araformalizebuli miTiTebebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogori unda yofiliyo maswavleblebis optimaluri raodenoba skolebSi. skolebSi moswavleebis miRebisa da gadasvlis central-

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izebuli meqanizmebis SemoRebiT, saxelmwifom usargeblo barierebi Seqmna maTTvis, visTvisac informacia am wesebis Sesaxeb naklebad iyo xelmisawvdomi. Tu mSobeli ver sargeblobda internetiT, mas naklebi Sansebi hqonda, skolaSi Tavisi Svilebi droulad daeregistrirebina.

skolebis TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi skolebis TviTmmarTvelobis qmedunarianobas skolebis biujetis simwire da am biujetis ZiriTadi nawilis saxelmwifos mier dawesebuli normativebis mixedviT xarjvis valdebuleba uSlis xels. vauCeruli dafinansebis umetesi nawili maswavleblebis xelfasebSi ixarjeba. es wili gansakuTrebiT maSin izrdeba, rodesac saxelmwifo mniSvnelovnad zrdis maswavleblebis minimaluri xelfasis odenobas, vauCeris moculobis zrdis gareSe. 2007-11 wlebis ganmavlobaSi skolebis didi nawili (TiTqmis 50%) sakuTar biujetSi Tanxebis deficits ganicdida. Sedegad, skolis TviTmmarTvelobas, anu konkretulad sameurveo sabWosa da direqcias, ar rCeboda sivrce biujetTan dakavSirebiT raime realuri gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad. radgan sameurveo sabWoebis erT-erTi mTavari funqcia swored biujetis strategiuli dagegmvis da ganxorcielebis zedamxedvelobaa, dabali saskolo biujeti am funqciis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas mniSvnelovnad amcirebs. Sesabamisad, sameurveo sabWoebis funqcias safuZveli ecleba. biujetis simcire, Tavis mxriv, amcirebs skolis ganviTarebisa da mravalferovnebis zrdisTvis saWiro gadawyvetilebebis SesaZleblobas. es ki SesaZloa arTulebdes kompetenturi da motivirebuli mSoblebis an maswavleblebis mozidvas sameurveo sabWoebSi. saxelmwifos mxridan regulaciebis xSiri cvlileba, araformaluri moTxovnebi, Tanxebis gadaricxvis sixSire, vauCeris gamoTvlis arsebuli wesi, romelic mgrZnobiarea bavSvebis raodenobis mimarT da iwvevs Semosavlebis mniS-

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vnelovan cvlilebas, xels uSlis skolebs strategiul dagegmvaSi. skolebisTvis rTulia ara mxolod mravalwliani, aramed erTi wlis gegmis SemuSavebac ki. decentralizebuli sistemebis iseT qveynebSi danergvisas, romlebsac demokratiis mcire gamocdileba aqvT, xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac skolebis TviTmmarTveloba, monawileobiTi procesis danergvis nacvlad, skolaSi arsebul elitebs emsaxureba (McGinn & Welsh, 1999). saqarTveloSic sameurveo sabWoebis nawili swored skolaSi arsebuli gavlenis mqone jgufebis mier sakuTari Zalauflebis gamtkicebis instrumentad iqca. amis erT-erTi gamovlineba iyo is faqti, rom skolis direqtorebis pirveli arCevnebisas, skolebis nawilSi wardgenil yvela kandidats iwunebdnen (zogjer eqvsi kandidatic ki dauwunebiaT), arsebuli direqtoris SenarCunebis imediT. direqtorebis pirveli arCevnebisas skolebis 47%-Si direqtorebis ar/ver SerCeva TviTmmarTvelobis uflebis ganxorcielebis dabali xarisxis erTgvari indikatoria (gogliCiZe, 2010). es maCvenebeli ukavSirdeba konkursis dros saxelmwifos Carevas, rac gamoixateboda imgvari sakonkurso pirobebis SemuSavebaSi, sadac winaswari prognozireba, Tu romel skolaSi moxvdeboda kandidati, mxolod konkusrantTa 20%-s hqonda. garda amisa, saxelmwifo winaswar arCevda direqtorebs sasertifikacio gamocdisa da gasaubrebis safuZvelze. am pirobebSi, zogierT skolaSi direqtorobis kandidati saerTod aRar darCa saboloo etapisTvis, rodesac TviTmmarTvelobebs gadawyvetilebebi unda mieRoT. problemaa is, rom 2007 wlis Semdeg direqtorebis gamWvirvale, organizebuli arCevnebi, sadac skolebs realuri arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZlebloba eqnebodaT, jer ar Catarebula. 2013 wlis ivnisSi skolebSi Catarda sameurveo sabWos arCevnebi, xolo amave wlis agvistoSi Catarda direqtorTa sasertifikacio gamocdebi. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros gancxadebiT, direqtorebis arCevnebi

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2013 wlis bolomde unda dasruldes. ar aris mkafiod gansazRvruli skolis sxvadasxva rgolis angariSvaldebulebis sqema. gansakuTrebiT problemuria skolis direqtorisa da sameurveo sabWos sakiTxi. saerTaSoriso praqtika da aseve qarTuli gamocdilebac aCvenebs, rom maRali motivaciisa da kompetenciebis mqone skolis direqtori skolaSi swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis procesSi gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs. swored skolis direqtoris liderobis unarebzea damokidebuli skolaSi personalis motivireba, araprofesionalebis Secvla ukeTesebiT an maTi profesiuli zrda. skolebis direqtorebis motivirebis meqanizmebi saqarTveloSi rTuli sistemuri problemas winaSe dgas. erTi mxriv, isini skolis sameurveo sabWoebis mier arian daqiravebulebi, meore mxriv ki, rogorc praqtika aCvenebs, direqtoris mimarT moTxovnebi ufro metad saxelmwifos aqvs, vidre mis uSualo damsaqmebels. swored es aris erT-erTi mizezi imisa, rom saxelmwifo xSirad ereva sameurveo sabWos kompetenciaSi da miuTiTebs mas direqtoris mier kanonis darRvevasa da misi dasjis aucileblobaze. sameurveo sabWos wevrebs, gansakuTrebiT ki maswavleblebs, rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, SeiZleba hqondeT sakuTari elitaruli poziciis SenarCunebis interesi. am pozicias ki SesaZloa swored arsebuli direqtori amyarebdes. direqtors aqvs maswavleblebze zemoqmedebis berketi, ramdenadac swored is udebs kontraqts maT (gogliCiZe, 2010). direqtori aseve monawileobs saaTebis ganawilebis procesSi, rac faqtobrivad maswavleblebis Semosavlebis marTvas niSnavs. amgvari sistema xels uSlis xelisuflebis danawilebas, wonasworobisa da Sekavebis principebis ganxorcielebas. skolebis SesaZleblobebi skolebSi arsebuli administraciuli personalis kompe-

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tencia yovelTvis ar yofnis maT winaSe arsebuli saWiroebebis efeqturad gadaWris amocanas. skolebis damoukidebel organizaciebad Camoyalibebisa da maT winaSe arsebuli axali teqnikuri amocanebis gadaWris aucileblobis gaCenis Semdeg, skolebs mouwiaT im profesiis TanamSromlebis ayvana, romlebic manamde skolaSi, Cveulebriv, ar muSaobdnen. aseTebia - Sesyidvebis, finansebis, iurdiuli sakiTxebis, adamianuri resursebis marTvis, informaciuli da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis, usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis kompetenciebis mqone adamianebi. qveyanaSi arsebuli mcire an, zog SemTxevaSi, geografiulad araTanabrad ganawilebuli adamianuri resursebis pirobebSi, yovelTvis SesaZlebeli ar aris Sesabamisi kompetenciis TanamSromlis daqiraveba. am problemis gadaWras aseve xels uSlis skolebis mcire SesaZlebloba, xelfasis SeTavazebis TvalsazrisiT konkurencia gauwion kerZo an saxelmwifo seqtors, sadac am kompetenciebis mqone adamianebs SeuZliaT dasaqmdnen. saxelmwifos mier bolo wlebSi gamoyenebulma midgomebma SesaZloa garkveuli teqnikuri problemebis gadaWra moaxerxa, magram TavisTavad Seqmna axali tipis problema. imis nacvlad, rom saxelmwifos centralizebuli midgoma iq gamoeyenebina, sadac problema arsebobda, man amgvari Careva yvela arsebuli skolis mimarT ganaxorciela. magaliTad, iseT skolaSic, romelsac ukve hyavda usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis, informaciuli teqnologiebis specialisti an iuristi, xdeboda maTi Canacvleba saxelmwifos mier SerCeuli da SeTavazebuli piriT. es adamianebi faqtobrivad ar iyvnen angariSvaldebulni skolis mimarT. msgavs SemTxvevaSi aseve garTulda garedan moyvanili pirebis saskolo TemSi maqsimaluri integrireba. Tu skolas hqonda finansuri SesaZlebloba, ukmayofilebis SemTxvevaSi, igi Zvel TanamSromelsac ugrZelebda kontraqts da axalsac iRebda, rac iwvevda resursebis flangvas. saxelmwifo xSirad politikuri dividendebis miRebiT

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ufro iyo dainteresebuli, vidre skolebis ganviTarebaze zrunviT. es midgoma Cans dafinansebis zrdis prioritetebSic. saxelmwifo, skolebis dafinansebis momatebis SemTxvevaSi, upiratesad zrdida maswavleblebis xelfasebs da praqtikulad ar uzrunvelyofda skolebis damoukideblad ganviTarebisTvis saWiro Tanxebis zrdas. saxelmwifos xisti politika da mouqneli regulaciebi xels uSlida skolebs damoukidebeli Semosavlebis miRebaSic. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros generaluri inspeqciis mier teqnikuri xarvezebis gamovlenisas, skolis direqtorebi xSir SemTxvevaSi kargavdnen Tanamdebobas. didi albaTobiT, amgvari xarvezebis arseboba gamowveuli iyo regulaciebis arasakmarisi sicxadiT da skolebis SesaZleblobebis simciriT, rom iuridiuli sakiTxebi gamarTulad moegvarebinaT. skolebs ar hqondaT saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis mxridan sakmarisi mxardaWera (Transparency International Georgia, 2010). xarvezebis sistemuri gamosworebisa da skolebis daxmarebis nacvlad administraciis dasja skolebs damoukidebeli iniciativebis wamoyenebis da ganxorcielebis sapirispirod ganawyobs. damoukidebeli wyaroebidan, maT Soris, mSoblebisgan Semowirulobebis miRebis SesaZleblobas amcirebda saxelmwifos ori interesi. erTi mxriv, saxelmwifo dainteresebuli iyo imiT, rom skolaSi finansebis naklebobis gamo moswavleebi ar daCagruliyvnen, rac xSirad xdeboda maSin, rodesac skolebSi mSoblebisgan fulis Segrovebis praqtika iyo gavrcelebuli. meore mxriv, saxelmwifos interesi iyo, rom potenciur amomrCevlebs saxelmwifosgan mitovebulad ar egrZnoT Tavi. es ki maSin xdeba, rodesac mSoblebi Tvlian, rom saxelmwifo arasakmarisad afinansebs skolas da maT uwevT saxelmwifos valdebulebebis sakuTar Tavze aReba. swored amis gamo saxelmwifom sxvadasxva gziT (xisti kontroliT, sajaro gancxadebebiT Tu sxv.) aukrZala skolas mSoblebisgan Semowirulobebis miReba.

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xarisxis marTva xarisxis marTvis ganmartebisas mis or aspeqts gamoyofen: pirveli amowmebs, ramdenad Seesabameba saqmianoba da miRebuli produqtebi winaswar gansazRvrul standartsa Tu kriteriums. am aspeqts xelSesaxebi da Tvladi indikatorebi aqvs da misi gazomva/Semowmeba auditisa da angariSgebis farglebSia SesaZlebeli. meore ki orientirebulia procesze da gulisxmobs gaumjobesebisTvis mudmiv zrunvasa da organizaciul transformacias. Tu pirvel SemTxvevaSi konkretul, martivad gazomvad indikatorebTan gvaqvs saqme (skolis SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba iyos gamosaSvebi gamocdebis qulebi, sertificirebul maswavlebelTa raodenoba, saerTaSoriso kvlevis Sedegebi d.a.S.). meore SemTxvevaSi, indikatorebi ufro rTulad gasazomi da araxelSesaxebia (magaliTad: ganviTarebaze zrunva, socialuri pasuxismgebloba). zogjer xarisxis am ganmartebas transformaciuls uwodeben. mas ukavSireben ara procedurebis miyolas, aramed iseTi lideris arsebobas, romelic axalisebs TanamSromlebis motivaciasa da survils, xarisxiani momsaxureba SesTavazon sazogadoebas (Sallis 2002). praqtikidan gamomdinare sistemis mowyobis Tu resursebis xarjvis TvalsazrisiT, horizontalurTan SedarebiT, saxelmwifo ufro metad dainteresebuli iyo vertikaluri angariSvaldebulebis ganviTarebiT. procedurebze orientirebuli xarisxis Sefaseba ufro priotitetulia, vidre transformaciaze orientirebuli Sefaseba. aseve arasworad xdeboda e.w. rbili angariSvaldebulebis instrumentebis SemuSaveba. am tipis instrumentebs pirdapir raime sanqciebi ar unda hqondes mibmuli. saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi erT-erTi amgvari instrumenti sazogadoebisTvis skolis efeqturobis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebaa. saxelmwifom bolo wlebSi cada msgavsi sistemis danergva, e.w. brendirebis SemoRebis meSveobiT.

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skolebis reitingebis gamoqveyneba TiTqos mSoblebs unda daxmareboda arCevanis gakeTebaSi, sistema ufro metad angariSvaldebuli unda gaexada sazogadoebis mimarT da SesaZlebloba gaeCina skolebis pozitiuri waxalisebisTvis. brendirebis sistema dauxvewavi iyo ramdenime TvalsazrisiT. am sistemas sanqciebis sistema mieba, rac skolebis direqtorebis gaTavisuflebas gulisxmobda. es ki problemebis mqone skolis dasjas gulisxmobda, daxmarebis nacvlad. saerTaSoriso praqtika da saqarTveloSi arsebuli informacia adasturebs, rom amgvar midgomas skolebis mier realuri Sedegebis gayalbeba an im moswavleebis Tavidan moSoreba mohyveba xolme, romlebsac yvelaze metad sWirdebaT daxmareba. saqstatis informaciiT, 2010-11 saswavlo wels sajaro skolis me-11 klasSi 43 213 moswavle iyo. 2011-12 saswavlo wels ki me-12 klasSi 35 374 moswavle dafiqsirda. anu, erT weliwadSi skolidan 7839 moswavle wavida. 2010 wels me-11 da me-12 klasSi 3 000-iT naklebi moswavle gadavida, 2011 wels - 5 000 moswavliT naklebi, 2012 wels - 8 000 moswavliT naklebi. anu imata im bavSvebis raodenobam, romlebic me-11 klass toveben. amis garda, ar iyo SemuSavebuli meqanizmi imisTvis, rom skolis reitings gaeTvaliswinebina moswavleebis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, rasac SeiZleba araTanabar mdgomareobaSi Caeyenebina skolebi Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT. skolis pasuxismgeblobis araTanabar pirobebSi dayeneba araTanabari resursebis arsebobis pirobebSi Secdoma iyo. aseve Secdoma iyo skolebSi mxolod raodenobrivi da ara Tvisobrivi monacemebis Segroveba. xarisxis marTvis rbili meqanizmi, romlis ganviTarebaSic sakmaod didi investiciebi Caido, praqtikulad gamouyenebelia. xarisxis marTvis rbili meqanizmebia - sazogadoebis, skolebisa da saxelmwifos mxridan moswavleebis Sedegebis kvlevebi. 2002 wlidan moyolebuli, saxelmwifo regularulad atarebs rogorc adgilobriv, aseve saerTaSoriso kvlevebs moswavleebis miRwevebis dasadgenad.

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amgvari kvlevebia: erovnuli kvlevebi wignierebis, maTematikis, saskolo mzaobis Tu sxva mimarTulebebiT. 2006 wlidan saqarTvelo CarTuli iyo saerTaSoriso kvlevebSi TIMSS, PIRLS, PISA. 2012 wels ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris mier kvlevebSi monawileoba ramdenime TviT SeizRuda. 2013 wlidan saqarTvelom kvlav ganaaxla saerTaSoriso kvlevebSi monawileoba. praqtikulad ar xdeba am kvlevis Sedegebis gamoyeneba skolebis, farTo Tu profesiuli sazogadoebis mobilizaciisa da gadawyvetilebebis formirebisTvis. 2010-2012 wlebSi Catarebuli mecxreklaselTa erovnuli kvlevebis Sedegebi ki praqtikulad ar gamoqveynebula. adgilobrivi kvlevebis farglebSi Segrovebuli monacmebis meoradi damuSaveba garTulebulia, radgan kvlevebi Tavisuflad xelmisawvdomi ar aris akademiuri Tu profesiuli sazogadoebisTvis - maTi meoradi damuSavebis mizniT. avtorizaciisa da akreditaciis procesi ar iyo dagegmili da ganxorcielebuli imgvarad, rom sazogadoebas skolis efeqturobis Sesaxeb maqsimaluri informacia mieRo. orive instrumenti ufro metad skolebis administrirebis formalur process afasebs da ar emsaxureba skolebis ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovani informaciis mogrovebas, sakonsultacio servisebis miRebis an sazogadoebrivi interesis gaRvivebis saqmes (Transparency International Georgia, 2010). centralizebulad dawesebuli gamocdebisTvis, kerZod ki, testirebebisTvis maRali mniSvnelobis miniWebam gamoiwvia erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Sinaarsis arasasurveli standartizacia. Seiqmna e.w. birTvi programa, romelic programis Sinaarsis mniSvnelovan nawils (daaxloebiT 60%) gansazRvravda, rogorc savaldebulos. xolo danarCens ki TiTqos utovebda skolebsa da saxelmZRvaneloebis avtorebs. amgvarma midgomam gamoiwvia programebis saswavlo Sinaarsis gadatvirTva, Seamcira saxelmZRvaneloebis variantuloba da skolis arCevani - Tavad gansazRvros is

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Sinaarsi, ris safuZvelzec, maTi azriT, optimaluri iqneboda saerTo saswavlo miznebis miRweva. centralizebuli gamocdebis SemoRebis kidev erTi arasasurveli Sedegia saswavlo procesis orientaciis Secvla farTo holisturi da aRmzrdelobiTi miznebisgan ufro metad teqnikuri miznebis mimarTulebiT. bolo wlebSi am midgomas amZafrebda gamocdebis Sedegebis mixedviT skolebis dasjisa da waxalisebis praqtikac. Sedegebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, maswavleblebisa da skolebis administraciis motivacia xSirad mTlianad testebisTvis momzadebaze an arasasurveli moswavleebis testebamde armiSvebazea orientirebuli, riTic xelovnurad izRudeba moswavleTa ufleba, gadavidnen swavlis Semdgom safexurze. swavlebis procesis xarisxis marTvis mimarTulebiT, Seiqmna maswavleblis standarti. maswavleblebis kvalifikaciis dasadastureblad dawesda konkretuli moTxovnebi, Sesabamisi ganaTleba da sertificireba. Tumca ucnobia, sertificirebis pirobebis bolodroindeli cvlilebebi ramdenad uwyobs xels skolaSi ufro kvalificiuri kadrebis Sesvlas da swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebas (Tu 2007 wels kanonSi arsebuli Canaweris mixedviT, sertificirebaze gasvla SeeZlo mxolod maZiebels an erTwliani staJis mqone pirs, dRes yvelas SeuZlia gaiaros sertificireba). amas garda, sertificirebis meqanizmi ver uzruvelyofs maswavleblis Semdgom profesiul zrdas imis gamo, rom qmeduunaroa karieruli zrdis da maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sistema. ar arsebobs meqanizmi, risi saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia saswavlo procesis xarisxis marTva. es sakiTxi ZiriTadad skolebze da konkretuli direqtoris menejmentzea mindobili. maT ki ar gaaCniaT Sesabamisi motivacia an sakmarisi kompetencia msgavsi sistemebis skolebis farglebSi asamuSaveblad.

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sistemis dekoncentracia da funqciebis delegireba miuxedavad imisa, rom 2005 wlis Semdeg Seiqmna saagentoebi1 imisTvis, rom Sinaarsobrivi da aseve zogierTi teqnikuri sakiTxebi politikuri organodan profesiuli organizaciebis kompetenciaSi gadasuliyo, sinamdvileSi saxelmwifos mier ar iyo sakmarisi zomebi miRebuli am saagentoebis ganviTarebisTvis. ar Seqmnila saagentoebis angariSvaldebulebis mkafio sistema, ar Camoyalibebula am saagentoebis xarisxis Sefasebis meqanizmebi. problemuri iyo saagentoebis sazogadoebis winaSe angariSvaldebulebis meqanizmebic. 2009 wlis Semdeg ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom Seumcira am saagentoebs damoukideblobis xarisxi. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris moadgileebi pirdapir marTavdnen maT nawils (ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistema, xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centri). am centrebis marTvis mkafio meqanizmebisa da moqmedebis wesebis ararsebobis pirobebSi, xSiri iyo politikuri SekveTebis arasaTanado vadebSi ganxorcielebis moTxovnebi. magaliTad, aseTi iyo 2010 wels axali sagnebis: cekvis, msoflio kulturis, patriotuli aRzrdis SemoRebis politikuri SekveTebi. aseve, vadebi araadekvaturi iyo skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis momzadebis TvalsazrisiTac. ararealisturi da naklebad xarjTefeqturi iyo SekveTebi maswavlebelTa saxlis funqcionirebis (mag. 24 saaTiani muSaoba da sxv.) TvalsazrisiT. marTvis gamarTuli meqanizmebis ararseboba, saqmianobis zrdisa Tu Semcirebis miuxedavad, iwvevda am centrebSi administraciuli biurokratiis arasaTanado zrdas. magaliTad 2009-2011 wlebSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris da maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centris administraciuli perso1 erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri, erovnuli gamocdebis centri, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri d.a.S.

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nalis raodenoba. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri gauqmda da misi funqciebi an sxva centrebSi, an saministros centralur aparatSi gadavida, riTac moxda saswavlo procesisa da Sinaarsis gansazRvris procesis recentralizeba. amgvarad, swavlebis Sinaarsze momuSave jgufebi politikuri organoebisTvis damaxasiaTebel biurokratiul da partiul procesebs daeqvemdebara. marTalia, adgilobrivi xelisufleba skolis infrastruqturis Tu swavlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebaSi ar aris CarTuli, magram maTi warmomadgenlebi xSirad ereodnen skolebSi maswavleblebis an administraciuli personalis daqiraveba/daTxovnis sakiTxebSi. rodesac adgilobrivi biujeti skolebSi damatebiTi programebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda, adgilobriv xelisuflebas amisTvis sakmarisi motivacia, xolo moqalaqeebs zemoqmedebis sakmarisi berketebi ar gaaCndaT. saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT, adgilobrivi xelisuflebis valdebulebebi skolebis marTvasa Tu daxmarebaSi minimaluria. marTalia, adgilobriv xelisuflebas hqonda ufleba, CarTuliyo skolebis gaumjobesebaSi, Tumca, es iSviaTad da ZiriTadad isev centraluri xelisuflebisa da ara adgilobrivi dainteresebuli mxareebis miTiTebiT xdeboda xolme. saxelmwifos centraluri aparatis, adgilobrivi resurscentrebis efeqturi funqcionireba erT-erTi mniSvnelovani instrumenti unda yofiliyo dencentralizebul sistemaSi. am organos ufro metad sakonsultacio da sainformacio funqciebi mieniWa. resurscentrebis Seqmnis pirvelive dReebidan ar arsebobda maTi skolebTan TanamSromlobis procedurebi, xolo 2010-2012 wlebSi, saxelmwifos mxridan pirdapiri SezRudvis safuZvelze, resurscentrebi informacias skolebisTvis an skolebis Sesaxeb mxolod saministros centraluri aparatis gadawyvetilebiT avrcelebdnen. es xels uSlida damoukidebel organizaciebs Tu mkvlevarebs skolebTan kontaqti swrafad da

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efeqturad daemyarebinaT. resurscentrebi xSirad iRebdnen davalebebs, romlebic aRemateboda an ewinaaRmdegeboda maT oficialur mandats. magaliTad, rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, isini CarTulebi iyvnen skolis mier personalis an resursebis SerCevaSi, zogadi politikuri saarCevno procesisTvis garkveuli RonisZiebebis momzadebaSi da sxv. amavdroulad, ar arsebobs resurscentrebis saqmianobis Sefasebis sazogadoebrivi instrumentebi.

dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTva marTalia, 2005 wlis Semdeg ganaTlebis sistemaSi sabazro principebis garkveuli elementebi Semovida, Tumca, maTi ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro pirobebi ar iyo sakmarisi iqac ki, sadac es pirobebi arsebobda da SeiZleboda, skolebis ganviTarebis safuZveli gamxdariyo. kerZod, rodesac saganmanaTleblo servisis momxmarebels aZlev arCevanis saSualebas, mas sWirdeba informacia imisTvis, rom gaazrebuli gadawyvetileba miiRos. es informacia ukavSirdeba ara mxolod servisebis xarisxs, aramed am servisis gaumjobesebisTvis an ukeTesi servisis miRebisTvis saWiro procedurul codnasac. es ki mniSvnelovania konkurenciis arsebobisTvis, romelmac xarjebis Semcirebas an/da xarisxis zrdas unda Seuwyos xeli (Levin & Belfield, 2003). amgvari informaciis wyaroebisa da xarisxis nakleboba xels uSlis mSoblebs, gaazrebulad SearCion skolebi iq, sadac es arCevani arsebobs. gansakuTrebulad problemuria es sakiTxi maSin, rodesac gavacnobierebT, rom rac ufro naklebia mSoblis socialuri Tu finansuri kapitali, miT naklebia misi SesaZlebloba, amgvari informacia moipovos da gamoiyenos. es ki SesaZloa iwvevdes skolebis mixedviT moswavleebis segregacias (Levin & Belfield, 2003). mSoblebs, romlebmac ician maT skolaSi an mezobel skolebSi arsebuli mdgo-

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mareoba, skolaSi miRebisa da mobilobis procedurebi, meti SesaZlebloba da motivacia aqvT, sakuTari Svilebi ukeTes skolebSi Seiyvanon. Sesabamisad, SesaZlebelia, rom sust skolaSi umetesad naklebi kapitalis mqone mSoblebis Svilebi darCnen. motivirebuli da kargi akademiuri moswrebis mqone Tanatolebis gadineba problemebs qmnis swavlis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT. finansuradac skola wamgebian viTarebaSia. gamodis, rom yvelaze nakleb sargebels amgvari, sabazro konkurenciaze dafuZnebuli sistemisgan iReben isini, visac yvelaze metad sWirdeba daxmareba. Sesabamisad - sistema usamarTlo da araefeqturia. Tuki steikholderebis CarTva da maTTvis arCevanis miniWebis ufleba sistemis nawilia, maSin saxelmwifos kargad unda hqondes gaazrebuli, ra tipis arCevanis uflebis advokatireba qmnis sistemaSi `mogebulebs da `wagebulebs da ra unda uzrunvelyos imisaTvis, rom segregacias Tavi avaridoT. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, saxelmwifos mier dawesebuli regulaciebis mixedviT, skolebs daevalaT, rom mediasTan, kvleviT an sazogadoebriv organizaciebTan urTierToba mxolod ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros gavliT ewarmoebinaT. es amcirebs skolebSi samoqalaqo sazogadoebisa da kvleviTi saqmianobis wvlilis SesaZleblobas da xels uSlis skolis ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovani inteleqtualuri, finansuri Tu materialuri resursebis mozidvas.

damoukidebeli servisebis SezRudva ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTarebisTvis, moqnilobisTvis da mdgradobisTvis problemuria saxelmwifos mier imgvari servisebis sakuTar Tavze aReba da centralizeba, risi ganxorcielebac SesaZlebeli iqneboda damoukidebeli provaiderebis mier. es TvalsaCinoa maswavleblebis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis treningebis, saxelmZRvaneloebis warmoebisa da distribuciis sferoSi Carevis TvalsazrisiT.

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saxelmwifos CareviT xdeba servisebis standartizacia da mravalferovnebis SezRudva. produqtis ganviTareba damokidebulia ufro metad biurokratiul an politikur interesebze, vidre momxmareblis saWiroebaze. es ki xels uSlis momxmareblis kmayofilebas, xarisxis zrdasa da xarjebis Semcirebas. magaliTad, maswavlebels aqvs hipoteTuri arCevani saxelmwifos mier Catarebul treningebsa da kerZo provaideris mier Catarebul treningebs Soris. sinamdvileSi, maswavleblebi sxvadasxva mizeziT (koniunqturis, finansuri mogebis Tu administraciuli miTiTebis gamo) ufro metad saxelmwifos mier SeTavazebul trenings irCeven. kerZo provaiderebi SeiZleba ufro moqnilebi iyvnen maswavleblebis konkretuli jgufebis saWiroebebis mimarT. trening-provaiderebs Soris konkurencia xels uwyobs servisebis gamravalferovnebas. maswavleblebic ufro gabedulad da Riad afaseben kerZo provaiderebs, vidre saxelmwifos mier SeTavazebul treningebs. kerZo trening-provaiderebi ufro naklebad arian mowyvladi maTi personalis xSiri cvlilebebis kuTxiT, rac saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi politikuri Tu biurokratiuli gundebis cvlilebebs ukavSirdeba. Sesabamisad, maswavleblebis treningebis centralizebuli sistema xels uSlis kerZo seqtoris grZelvadian da mdgrad ganviTarebas. msgavsi problemaa saxelmwifos mier saxelmZRvaneloebis warmoebisa da distribuciis procesebSi Careva. 20092012 wlebSi sawelmwifo Caeria saxelmZRvaneloebis beWdvis, fasebis dadgenis da distribuciis sferoebSic, ramac gamoiwvia rogorc Seferxebebi sistemaSi, ise xarisxis kleba, sagamomcemlo saqmianobis ganviTarebis, sadistribucio servisebis ganviTarebis Seferxeba da, savaraudod, saxelmZRvaneloebis nawilis gaZvirebac im momxmareblebisTvis, visac saxelmwifo ar exmareboda. 2013 wlidan saxelmwifom praqtikulad TamaSgare viTarebaSi datova gamomcemlobebi da Tavad CaerTo saxelmZRvaneloebis warmoebis saqme-

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Si. amiT, erTi mxriv, safrTxe eqmneba saxelmZRvaneloebis warmoebis grZelvadian da mdgrad ganviTarebas da, meore mxriv, saxelmwifo iZens im funqciebs, rac saxelmwifo organoebis mandats da kompetenciebs aRemateba.

situaciuri analizi gTavazobT situaciis aRweras Tbilisis erT-erTi skolis direqtoris gaTavisuflebis faqtTan dakavSirebiT. es SemTxveva praqtikulad warmoaCens ramdenime problemas, rac zemoT iqna aRwerili. situacia ramdenime sakiTxs moicavs: ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros sameurveo sabWos saqmianobaSi uxeS Carevas, skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis direqtoris dasjis meqanizmad gamoyenebas, direqtorze pasuxismgeblobis dakisrebas mxardaWeris gareSe, skolis administraciis sajaro samsaxurSi dasaqmebuli ojaxis wevrebis Seviwroebis mcdelobas, politikuri davalebebis Sesrulebis moTxovnas skolis direqtorebsaTvis d.a.S. Tbilisis erTi sajaro skolis direqtoris gaTavisuflebis faqtis Sesaxeb Tbilisis sajaro skolis sameurveo sabWom 2011 wlis 22 ivniss miiRo werili saministros Sida auditis departamentis ufrosisgan. departamentis ufrosi werilSi sameurveo sabWos mimarTavda, rom dauyovnebliv (24 saaTSi) ganexilaT direqtoris uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis sakiTxi. amis mizezad asaxelebda skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebis Sedegebs. gTavazobT amonarids werilidan: `skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebiT ganxorcielda aramarto konkretul skolaSi arsebuli moswavleebis codnis Sefaseba, aramed mogvca suraTi Tu ra RonisZiebebi gaatara zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis direqtorma imisaTvis, rom aemaRlebina moswavleTa akademiuri done, ra doneze

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iqna Sesrulebuli erovnul saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebi da skolisaTvis kanonmdeblobiT dakisrebuli amocanebi. 2011 wlis skolis gamosaSvebma gamocdebma ssip q. Tbilisis sajaro skolaSi aCvena rom moswavleTa miRebuli Sedegebi ver pasuxobs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT dadgenil moTxovnebs, direqtoris mier ar iqna gatarebuli saTanado RonisZiebebi skolaze kanonmdeblobiT dakisrebuli zemoTxsenebuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad.~ sameurveo sabWos wevrebi daemorCilen saministros da maTi survilis winaaRmdeg (rogorc qvemoT Cans) miiRes gadawyvetileba direqtoris uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis Taobaze, warmoadgines oqmi da ukve 27 ivniss skolaSi movida brZaneba direqtoris registraciis gauqmebis Sesaxeb. skolis sameurveo sabWos sxdomis oqmSi arc erTi mosazreba ar aris dafiqsirebuli, romelic direqtoris gaTavisuflebas dauWerda mxars. sabWos Tavmjdomare ar iziarebs im faqts, rom skolaSi swavlebis xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad ar iyo sakmarisi pirobebi. mSoblebic da sxva wevrebic ar eTanxmebian werilSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs. miuxedavad amisa, faruli kenWisyris Sedegad direqtoris gaTavisuflebis gadawyvetilebas 7 momxre da 2 mowinaaRmdege hyavda.ratom miiRo sabWom es gadawyvetileba, roca sabWos oqmSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi da gadawyvetileba urTierTgamomricxavia? gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom imis miuxedavad, ra gadawyvetilebas miiRebda sabWo, saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministrs hqonda ufleba (2009 wels kanonSi Setanili cvlilebis Tanaxmad), Seewyvita direqtoris uflebamosileba. garda amisa, saministros aseve SeeZlo gafrTxilebis gareSe daeTxova sameurveo sabWo. sameurveo sabWo, marTalia, daemorCila saministros miTiTebas, magram im imediT, rom samarTlianoba aRdgeboda, werili misweres ministr d. SaSkins (werils xels awers

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sameurveo sabWos 8 wevri). werilSi sabWos wevrebi aRniSnaven, rom isini `Sokirebuliiyvnen 22 ivniss miRebuli weriliT, vinaidan gamosaSvebi gamocdebis Sedegebi ar iyo gansakuTrebiT cudi (saSualo qula 7.1, 1 CaWrili da 5 dabalquliani), garda amisa, imave Sedegebis mqone direqtorebis sakiTxi an ar damdgara, an SeCerda. werilSi aseve naTqvamia, rom skolaSi manamde mivlenil monitoringis jgufebs ar miuciaT skolisTvis SeniSvna (saswavlo procesis buRalteria, saqmis warmoeba, sisufTavis Semowmeba); moTxrobilia direqtoris mcdeloba, gaeumjobesebina saswavlo Sedegebi, Caetarebina treningebi; saubaria agvistos omis dros devnilebisTvis aRmoCenili mxardaWeris Sesaxeb d.a.S. sabWos wevrebi sinanuliT weren, Tu rogor `gaagdes direqtori. skolaSi dainiSna axali direqtori, Zveli direqtoris wasvlidan 2 TveSi skolas mieniWa 8 varskvlavi (savaraudod, Zveli direqtoris mier momzadebuli dokumentaciiT). es yvelaferi miuTiTebs imaze, rom gaTavisuflebis realuri mizezi ar iyo gamocdis Sedegebi. direqtori, savaraudod, sxva ramisaTvis `daisaja. sameurveo sabWo ki, moCvnebiTi decentralizaciis pirobebSi, `dasjis meqanizmad iqca. is, Tu realurad ratom gaaTavisufles direqtori, am etapze mxolod SegviZlia vivaraudoT. ministr SaSkinis wasvlis Semdeg skolis direqtori samarTlianobis aRdgenis moTxovniT werils swers ministr giorgi margvelaSvils, sadac saubrobs misi gaTavisuflebis savaraudo mizezze: saministros brZanebebis Seusrulebloba yovelgvari gansjis gareSe. rogorc werilidan irkveva, direqtorma gaaprotesta orTaWalaSi mdebare skolis didgoris resurscentrisTvis mikuTvneba, aseve moiTxova 2010-11 wels garemontebuli fizkulturis darbazis xarisxis gadamowmeba, ris gareSec

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ar awerda xels miReba-Cabarebis aqts. 2010-11 wels direqtors SeuTanxmebloba hqonda mandaturTan: mandaturis rekomendaciiT gasaricxi moswavle daicva da, rogorc Tavad ambobs, `garicxvas gadaarCina. skolaSi axali direqtoris misvlis Semdeg, miuxedavad survilisa, igi direqtorma ar datova skolaSi maswavleblad. arc erTi skola ar iRebda pedagogad, araTu saswavlo nawilad an direqtorad. amaze saubrobs direqtori Tavis werilSi da aqve pirvelad axsenebs arCevnebis dros micemul specialur davalebas, romelic, savaraudod, aseve gaxda misi `dasjis mizezi. `nacmoZraobis qveda rgolis warmomadgenlebi afrTxilebdnen direqtorebs partiis saxeliT: ar miiRoT, ar gariskoT, mainc gaTavsuflebulia da CvenTvis arakeTilsaimedod iTvlebao. mokled, keTrovanad vigrZeni Tavi.... arasaimedoobis mizezi ki, albaT, gaxda wina arCevnebis dros eqstremaluri davaleba, romelic ar Sevasrule, aman ki gaanawyenaT Zalian: risi SegeSinda, ra urisko xaro. wels, albaT, sul ar gamovadgebodi.... sameurveo sabWos mier ministr SaSkinisadmi miweril werilSi Cans, rom direqtorma ar gaaprotesta gaTavisufleba da TanamSromlebs Tavad amSvidebda `albaT, ase iyo saWiroo. rogorc Cans, am dros igi ojaxis sxva wevris usafrTxoebazec fiqrobda da amis sababic hqonda. `Cemi dumilis mTavari mizezi iyo ufrosi gogona, romelic sajaro samsaxurSi muSaobs da Cveni ojaxis mTavari marCenalia. swored masze araerTxel mimaniSnes `kulturulad, isev iq muSaobso, - vkiTlxulobT direqtoris werilSi, sadac igi sTxovs ministr margvelaSvils, `Rirsebis aRdgenaSi daexmaros. amJamad yofili direqtori erT-erT skolaSi muSaobs maswavleblad, Tumca imedovnebs, rom kvlav SeZlebs Tavisi gamocdilebis gamoyenebas administraciul Tanamdebobaze.

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problemebis gadaWris alternativebi

am dokumentSi SemoTavazebuli problemebis gadaWris meqanizmebi efuZneba Semdeg midgomebs: a) adgilobrivi gamocdilebis, SesaZleblobebis, miznebisa da sirTuleebis analizs. am midgomis mixedviT, mniSvnelovania, rom SemoTavazebuli meqanizmebi Seesabamebodes adgilobrivi miznebis gadaWras realurad arsebuli problemebis, momavalSi SesaZlo garTulebebis prognozirebis gziT. b) saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaTvaliswineba. decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT msoflioSi mravalferovani gamocdilebaa dagrovili. am gamocdilebis Seswavlis mizani ar aris saukeTeso praqtikis gadmoReba. aseT dros mravali problema iCens xolme Tavs. imis gam, rom ar xdeba adgilobrivi, kulturuli, politikuri, instituciuri Tu sxva konteqstis gaTvaliswineba, aqtorebisTvis naklebad gasagebi da misaRebia SemuSavebuli midgomebi. amgvari zedapiruli midgoma xSirad iwvevs problemebis gamogonebas, SesaZlo gadawyvetilebebis miRebis motiviT. g) SemoTavazebuli instrumentebis an midgomebis gaTvaliswineba gadawyvetilebebis mimRebebs SeuZliaT rogorc cal-calke, ise erToblivad. SemoTavazebuli alternativebi urTierTgamomricxavi ar aris. saukeTeso SemTxvevaSi isini kompleqsurad dainergeba. d) SemoTavazebuli instrumentebi da midgomebi ar imuSavebs maTi erTianad, erTsa da imave dros danergvis mcdelobisas. maTi danergvis strategia unda iyos frTxili. sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva instrumentis danergvas mniSvnelovani informaciuli, finansuri da sxva tipis mxardaWera sWirdeba. e) SemoTavazebuli midgomebi da problemis gadaWris gzebi efuZneba arsebuli mocemulobis gaumjobesebas ganaTlebis xarisxis, ekonomikuri efeqturobis an/da demokratiuli kriteriumis TvalsazrisiT. miuxedavad

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amisa, SesaZloa zogierTi midgomis danergva gulisxmobdes damatebiT finansur danaxarjs ganaTlebis ukeTesi xarisxis an meti demokratiulobis mimarTulebiT. v) SemoTavazebuli midgomebis danergva warmatebuli iqneba mxolod farTo monawileobiTi procesis SemTxvevaSi. Tu instrumentebis danergvis gegmis SemuSavebisa da ganxorcielebis procesSi CarTuli iqneba steikholderebis farTo speqtri (skolis personali, centraluri da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi, sazogadoebrivi gaerTianebebi, media da sxv), maSin meti safuZveli iarsebebs maTi warmatebisTvis. z) decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT SemoTavazebuli nabijebi ar warmoadgens mizans. sistemis decentalizaciis alternativebi ZiriTadad ganixileba rogorc swavlis ukeTesi Sedegebis miRwevis saSualeba - marTvis efeqturobisa da sistemis demokratiulobis xarisxis zrdis Sedegad. T) SemoTavazebuli instrumentebisa da midgomebis danergva ar aris gaTvlili myisier Sedegebze. am midgomebis danergvis Sedegebi mravalwliani praqtikis, ganxorcielebis procesSi maTi daxvewis safuZvelzea misaRwevi. i) SemoTavazebuli instrumentebi da midgomebi efuZneba ganaTlebis mecnierebebis farglebSi kvlevebis safuZvelze dagrovil codnas. k) zogierTi midgomis warmateba damokidebulia qveynis politikur (teritoriul, administraciul, finansur da sxv.) mowyobaze. Sesabamisad, gadawyvetilebebis mimRebebisTvis mniSvnelovani iqneba maTi ganxilva saqarTvelos saxelmwifos ganviTarebis miznebisa da strategiis WrilSi. l) SemoTavazebuli midgomebi da instrumentebi efuZneba rwmenas, rom skolis miznebis SemuSaveba, misi efeqturobis zrda, Sefaseba, garemos gaumjobeseba da mxardaWera ara mxolod saxelmwifo organoebis, aramed farTo sazogadoebrivi saqmianobis nawilia.

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avtonomia da angariSgeba mniSvnelovania, rom skolebs mieceT realuri avtonomia, romelic garantirebuli iqneba kanonmdeblobiT. Tumca, aseve ar unda arsebobdes saSiSroeba, rom kanonmdeblobiT uzrunvelyofili uflebiT sargeblobis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZloa, skola savalalo Sedegamde mivides - daisajos saxelmwifos mier an gamoucdelobis gamo, an araefeqturad gamoiyenos miniWebuli uflebebi da amiT avnos moswavleebs. amis miRweva SesaZlebelia, Tuki: 1. avtonomiasTan erTad skolas eqneba angariSgebis valdebuleba; 2. gamartivdeba kanonmdebloba; 3. saxelmwifo SeiZens skolis mxardamWeris rols da moiSorebs skolis damsjelis rols. saWiroa, SemuSavdes skolis angariSgebis meqanizmebi rogorc saxelmwifos, aseve sazogadoebis winaSe. angariSgeba unda moxdes winaswar SemuSavebuli indikatorebis safuZvelze. ormxrivi angariSgeba uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis informirebas skolis miRwevebis Sesaxeb. kanonmdeblobis gamartiveba xels Seuwyobs skolebis mier avtonomiis realurad gamoyenebas. rTuli procedurebis ganxorcielebisas yovelTvis aris Secdomebis maRali riski, rac skolis administraciebSi damoukidebeli iniciativebis mimarT uaryofiT damokidebulebas iwvevs. Tuki SemuSavdeba sarekomendacio xasiaTis wesebi da procedurebi, es skolebs Tavisuflad moqmedebas gauadvilebs. aseTi sarekomendacio xasiaTi SeiZleba hqondes saaTebis ganawilebas, maswavleblebis samsaxurSi ayvanas, klasis damrigeblis saqmianobas, moswavleTa daswrebisa da aRricxvis formas, Sefasebis sistemas d.a.S. saxelmwifom unda aiRos skolis mxardamWeris funqcia. skolas unda hqondes saSualeba, garkveul SemTxvevebSi

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mimarTos daxmarebisaTvis saxelmwifos, Tuki mas ar SeuZlia, damoukideblad ganaxorcielos esa Tu is procedura. saxelmwifos roli unda iyos ara skolis dasja cudi SedegebisaTvis, aramed misi daxmareba saWiro resursebiT, raTa gaaumjobesos Sedegebi. TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi mkafiod unda ganisazRvros skolaSi mmarTvelobis sxvadasxva rgols Soris arsebuli angariSvaldebuleba. gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos egreT wodebuli balansisa da Sekavebis principi, raTa piradma interesebma ar imoqmedos skolis interesebis sazianod. skolis biujeti TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs unda aZlevdes saSualebas, saxsrebi maTi skolis konkretuli saWiroebebis mixedviT gaiRon. ar unda moxdes maswavleblis xelfasis zrda skolebis dafinansebis, vauCeris moculobis zrdis gareSe. saxelmwifom xeli unda Seuwyos sakonsultacio servisebis arsebobas, rac TviTmmarTvelobis organoebs daexmareba efeqtur marTvaSi. aseTi servisebi SesaZloa uzrunvelyon resurscentrebmac. sasurvelia, rom skolis TviTmmarTvelobaSi, saxelmwifos mier daniSnuli warmomadgenlis nacvlad, skolis kursdamTavrebuls an adgilobrivi sazogadoebis warmomadgenels hqondes monawileobis ufleba. adgilobrivi TviTmmarveloba ufro metad unda CaerTos skolis saqmianobaSi. maT, sasurvelia, SeeZloT skolis daarseba, aseve infrastruqturuli sakiTxebis mogvareba.

xarisxis marTva avtorizaciisa da akreditaciis sistema unda gaxdes skolis ganviTarebaze orientirebuli. skolebs, romlebic

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ver aRweven sasurvel Sedegs, an ar akmayofileben Sesabamis standarts, unda hqondeT xarvezis gamosworebis dro, an mieniWoT droebiTi avtorizacia. saxelmwifoSi unda arsebobdes programebi, romlebic daexmareba skolas xarvezis gamosworebasa da avtorizaciis miRebaSi. akreditacia unda moxdes gamWvirvaled da unda moicavdes rogorc raodenobriv, aseve Tvisebriv maCveneblebs. skola unda Sefasedes holisturad, Sefasebis komponentebi SesaZloa iyos moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa gamokiTxva. unda Seicvalos brendirebis sistema. Tuki reitingis sistema iarsebebs, gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos moswavleTa socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. aseve, es sistema ar unda iqces skolebis dasjis meqanizmad. mniSvnelovania, rom Semcirdes gamosaSvebi gamocdebis mniSvneloba. gamosaSvebi gamocdebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba unda miiRos skolam da asaxos skolis SinaganawesSi. Tu skolas damoukideblad ar SeuZlia gamosaSvebi gamocdebis Catareba, SesaZloa daxmarebisTvis mimarTos im saagentoebs an saxelmwifo organizaciebs, romlebsac aqvT gamocdebis mozadebisa da administrirebis gamocdileba. swavla-swavlebis procesis xarisxis marTvis xelSewyobis mizniT, unda amuSavdes saxelmwifo programebi, romlebic daexmareba skolebs, es servisi ganaviTaron skolis doneze. SesaZleblobebis gazrda skolebisaTvis skolis SesaZleblobebis gazrda saxelmwifos SeuZlia profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebiT (rogorc administraciisa da teqnikuri personalisTvis, aseve maswavleblebisaTvis), sagranto konkursebiT, saskolo qselebis amoqmedebiT. unda gaizardos skolebis dafinanseba. saxelmwifos unda hqondes mzaoba, rom skolebs gamouyos Tanxebi konkretuli mimarTulebis gasaviTareblad. sasurvelia saskolo sagranto sistemebis amuSaveba.

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aseve, skolas unda mieces saSualeba, hqondes sakuTari Semosavlebi. am Semosavlebis marTva mimarTuli unda iyos skolis ganviTarebaze, Tumca ar unda iyos SezRuduli imgvari saxelmwifo regulaciebiT, rac xels uSlis skolis administracias mis droul gankargvaSi. arCevanis arseboba gazrdis skolis moqnilobas da mis SesaZleblobebs: magaliTad, Tu skolas SeuZlia Sesyidvebi Tavad ganaxorcielos, mas unda hqondes amis saSualeba. akreditaciis procesma skolis es SesaZleblobac unda Seamowmos.. meore mxriv, Tu skolas sxvadasxva mizezis gamo (ar hyavs Sesyidvebis specialisti, iuristi) ar aqvs Sesyidvebis damoukideblad ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba, am tipis skolebs saxelmwifo unda daexmaros Sesyidvebis ganxorcielebaSi. SesaZlebelia, es funqcia SeiTavsos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saminitros teritoriulma organom - saganmanaTleblo resurscentrma. dekoncentracia da delegireba maSin, roca saxelmwifo Tavisi funqciebis delegirebas mimarTavs, iseve, rogorc skolebis SemTxvevaSi, saministros teritoriuli organoebisa da damoukidebeli saagentoebisaTvisac aucilebelia angariSvaldebulebis mkafio sistemis Camoyalibeba saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis winaSe. saministros teritoriulma organoebma da saagentoebma yovelwliuri angariSi unda warudginon saxelmwifos da sazogadoebas, sadac aseve gawerili iqneba maTi biujeti da gaweuli xarjebi. ganxorcielebuli saqmianobebi, miRwevebi da gamowvevebi, samomavlo gegmebi. unda arsebobdes am organoebis xarisxis Semowmebis meqanizmi. SesaZloa ganaTlebis sferoSi CarTul saagentoebs hyavdeT sazogadoebrivi sameTvalyureo sabWoebi, romlebic, sxva funqciebTan erTad, monawileobas miiReben saagentos biujetis SeTanxmebasa da am saagentoebis xelmZRvanelebis SerCevaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, gacilebiT rTuli iqneba, es or-

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ganizaciebi saxelmwifos biurokratiul danamatad iqcnen da xSir SemTxvevaSi politikuri SekveTebi brmad Seasrulon. dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTva unda gaizardos skolis saqmianobaSi mSoblebisa da adgilobrivi mmarTveli organoebis CarTuloba. amis miRwevis erT-erTi gzaa skolis TviTmarTvelobisTvis funqciebis gazrda da maTi funqcionirebisTvis mxardasaWeri programebisa da sagranto proeqtebis arseboba. aseve mniSvnelovania, rom gaizardos informaciis xelmisawvdomoba: SesaZlebelia saxelmwifos mier agregirebul informaciaze arsebobdes ori saxis wvdoma: erTi kvlevebis CamtareblebisaTvis (maSin, rodesac SesaZloa monacemTa bazebi sensitiur monacemebs moicavdes) da meore - sajarod xelmisawvdomi informacia. mTavaria, xelovnurad ar unda SeizRudos skolisa da sazogadoebis urTierTkavSiri; skolebSi unda waxalisdes saganmanaTleblo kvlevebi, raTa politikosebma miiRon informirebuli, kvlevaze dafuZnebuli gadawyvetilebebi.

damoukidebeli servisebi saxelmwifom unda moaxdinos im garkveuli servisebis decentralizacia, rasac konkurentuli garemos pirobebSi damoukidebeli provaiderebi mudmivad mzardi xarisxiTa da xelmisawvdomobis gziT ganaxorcieleben. maswavlebelTa treningebis didi nawili sasurvelia iyos decentralizebuli, saxelmwifom daitovos mxolod garkveuli miznobrivi treningebis Catarebis valdebuleba, saxelmwifo programebis saWiroebidan gamomdinare. aseve mniSvnelovania saxelmZRvaneloebis gamocemisa da distribuciis procesis decentralizacia. saxelmwifom unda Seafasos am servisebis xarisxi akreditaciisa da Sefasebis sxva instrumentebis gamoyenebiT.

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bibliografia
1. Astiz, M. F. (2006). School autonomy in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina: evidence from two school districts.Comparative Education, 42(2), 203 <last_page> 223. doi:10.1080/03050060600628025 2. Benavot, A., & Resh, N. (2003). Educational governance, school autonomy,and curriculum implementation: A comparative study of Arab and Jewish schools in Israel.Journal of Curriculum Studies, 35(2), 171 <last_page> 196.doi:10.1080/0022027022000022856 3. Bruns, B., Filmer, D., & Patrinos, H. A. (2011). Making schools work: New evidence on accountability reforms World Bank Publications. 4. Clark, D. (2009). The performance and competitive effects of school autonomy.Journal of Political Economy, 117(4), 745-783. 5. Dewey, J. (2004). Democracy and education Dover Publications. 6. Finnigan, K. S. (2007). Charter School Autonomy: The Mismatch Between Theory and Practice.Educational Policy, 21(3), 503 <last_page> 526.doi:10.1177/0895904806289189 7. Gaynor, C. (1998). Decentralization of Education: Teacher Management. Washington: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 8. Gellner, E., & Breuilly, J. (2008). Nations and nationalism Cornell University Press. 9. Geo-Jaja M. (2006) Educational Decentralization, Public Spending and Social Justice in Nigeria. Review of Education. 52: 125-148 10. Gunnarsson, V., Orazem, P. F., Snchez, M. A., & Verdisco, A. (2009). Does local school control raise student outcomes? Evidence on the roles of school autonomy and parental par-

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ticipation. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 58(1), 25-52. 11. Government of Korea. 2008. Local Education Autonomy Act. Retrieved 08.13.13 from http://english.mest.go.kr/web/42211/ en/board/enview.do?bbsId=280&boardSeq=22045&mode=view 12. Gwang-Jo Kim (2001). Education Policies and Reform in South Korea. World Bank presentations at the December 2001 UNESCO/BREDA-World Bank Regional Workshop in Mauritius on the Renewal of African Secondary Education 13. Hanson, Mark (1997). `Educational Decentralization: Issues and Challenges. 14. Retrieved 10/3/13/ from https://www.google.com/ search?sourceid=navclient&aq=0&oq=mark+hanson+educational+ decentralizatio&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4ADFA_enGE385GE408&q=mark+ hanson+educational+decentralization&gs_upl=0l0l1l57531lllllllllll0 &aqi=s1&pbx=1 15. Hanushek, E. A., Link, S., & Woessmann, L. (2012). Does school autonomy make sense everywhere? Panel estimates from PISA. Journal of Development Economics, 16. Heyneman, S. P. (2003).The history and problems in the making of education policy at the World Bank 19602000.International Journal of Educational Development, 23(3), 315-337. 17. Levin, H. M., & Belfield, C. R. (2003). The marketplace in education.Review of Research in Education, 27, 183-219. 18. McGinn, N., & Welsh, T. (1999). Decentralization of education: why, when, what and how? Unesco. 19. OECD (2011). PISA in Focus (2011). Retrieved 12.13.13. from

http://www.oecd.org/pisa/48910490.pdf

20. Padeco. (2007). ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqti iliaWavWavaZis Sefaseba. Tbilisi.

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21. Sallis E. (2002) Total Quality Management in Education. London: Kogan Page 22. Transparency International Georgia. (2010). mieces Tavisufleba saqarTvelos skolebs? Sefaseba: gazarda Tu ara decentralizaciam sazogadoebis winaSe qarTuli skolebis angariSvaldebuleba. Tbilisi: Transparency International Georgia. 23. World Bank. (2004). World Development Report 2004: Making services work for poor people. Washington D.C.: World Bank. 24. gogliCiZe, a. (2010).saqarTvelos zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis mdgomareobisa da marTvis analizi. Tbilisi: Policy and Management Consulting Group. 25. gorgoZe, s, janaSia, s. (2012).politikisdokumenti - usafrTxo skola. bavSvze orientirebuli skolisgzamkvlevi.Tbilisi: samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti. 26. mSvenieraZe g. (2011). `usafrTxo skola da saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdebloba, usafrTxo skola sazogadoebis Tanamonawileobis gareSe. Tbilisi: samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti 27. saqarTvelos kanoni ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, (1997). 28. saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, (2005).

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sajaro skolebis decentralizebuli marTveis Sefaseba Sesavali

zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis masStaburi reformireba saqarTveloSi 2001 wlidan daiwyo. am mimarTulebiT pirveli nabijebi gadaidga saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis msoflio bankis proeqtis amoqmedebiT, Tumca sistemaSi Zireuli gardaqmnebis aqtiuri faza 2004 wlidan, vardebis revoluciis Semdgom iwyeba. 2005 wels miRebul iqna saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, romelSic aisaxa xedva da midgomebi sajaro skolis decentralizaciisa da angariSvaldebulebis mimarT. reformis Sedegad Seicvala ganaTlebis sistemis marTvis, dafinansebisa da xarisxis marTvis modelebi. reformebis erT-erTi mTavari mimarTuleba iyo ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia. gadawyvetilebis miRebaze uflebamosilebam zeda donidan qveda doneebze gadainacvla. am mizniT, 2004-2007 wlebSi ganaTlebis saministrom daafuZna sxvadasxva sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri: erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri, gamocdebis erovnuli centri, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, akreditaciis erovnuli centri. Seiqmna ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros teritoriuli organo - saganmanaTleblo resurscentri. swored saganmanaTleblo resurscentrsa da axlad dafuZnebul centrebs gadaecaT reformis calkeuli komponentebis marTvis funqcia. zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis moTxovnebis mixedviT, skolebi dafuZndnen sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirebad. skolebma gaxsnes piradi angariSebi bankSi. uZravi qoneba - Senobebi da miwis farTobi - skolebs gadaecaT uvado da usasyidlo uzurfruqtis xelSekrulebiT (gogliCiZe, 2010, p. 3). reformis Sedegad skolebis pirdapiri

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saxelmwifo dafinanseba moswavleze gaTvlili vauCeruli dafinansebiT Seicvala. vauCeruli dafinansebis sistemis danergvis erT-erTi mizani skolebs Soris jansaRi konkurenciis gaCena iyo. 2005 wels miRebuli modeli axdenda vauCeris Rirebulebis diferenciacias qalaqis (220 lari), soflis/dabis (330 lari) da maRalmTiani dasaxlebuli punqtebis (396 lari) skolebis mixedviT. es sistema skolas met avtonomias aniWebda da decentralizaciisken gadadgmuli kidev erTi nabiji iyo. axalma modelma finansebis ganawilebis principic metnaklebad demokratiuli da samarTliani gaxada. reformis Sedegad, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis administraciul da finansur avtonomias gansazRvravs skolis TviTmmarTveloba, romlis subieqtebi skolaSi arian: sameurveo sabWo, direqcia, pedagogiuri sabWo, moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba, disciplinuri komiteti da saapelacio komiteti. decentralizebuli marTvis am subieqtebidan yvelaze didi roli skolebSi demokratiuli marTvis principebis uzrunvelyofis nawilSi sameurveo sabWoebs daekisraT. sameurveo sabWo arCeviTi organoa. pirvandeli sameurveo sabWo Sedgeboda mSoblebis, pedagogebisa da moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis warmomadgenlebisgan. kanonis dRevandeli redaqciiT, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organo uflebamosilia, sameurveo sabWoSi daniSnos erTi wevri, aseve saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros ufleba aqvs, wargzavnos warmomadgeneli saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT. sameurveo sabWos ekisreba skolis direqtoris arCevis da daTxovnis, skolis biujetis da skolis Sinaganawesis damtkicebis funqcia. sabWo aseve Tanxmobas ganacxadebs erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli, grifminiWebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis gamoyenebaze; aseve pedagogiuri sabWos mier SemuSavebul saskolo saswavlo gegmaze. sameurveo sabWo amtkicebs disciplinur komitets, romelic skolis sazogadoebis mier disciplinuri gadacdomebis sakiTxebs ganixilavs.

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sameurveo sabWos Seqmna SesaZlebelia Sefasdes decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT gadadgmul mniSvnelovan nabijad. sameurveo sabWos Seqmnis idea efuZneboda sxvadasxva ganviTarebuli qveynis magaliTs da miiCneoda skolebis erTpirovnuli mmarTvelobisa da gamefebuli subieqtivizmis moSlis, efeqturi marTvis sawindrad. sameurveo sabWos models unda uzrunveleyo angariSvaldebulebis sistemis ganviTareba, rac gulisxmobda skolis marTvis procesSi yvela dainteresebuli mxaris CarTvas. marTvis efeqturobis gazrdisaTvis centralur mTavrobas rCeboda politikis gansazRvris, ZiriTadi standartebis da CarCos gansazRvra; xolo skolebs ufleba eZleodaT, Tavad ganesazRvraT, rogor miaRwevdnen dasaxul miznebs. axlad Seqmnil sameurveo sabWos wevrebs 2006-2007 saswavlo wels pirveli treningebi CautardaT. am periodis Semdeg masStaburi xasiaTi sameurveo sabWos gadamzadebas ar hqonia. 2009 wels ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebi, romlebic gulisxmobda saministros warmomadgenlisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis wevrTa Seyvanas sameurveo sabWoSi, aseve ministrisaTvis uflebamosilebis miniWebas - daeTxova sameurveo sabWo da direqtori, sxvadasxva organizaciisa da eqspertis mier Sefasda, rogorc decentralizaciidan ukan gadadgmuli nabiji (gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelo, 2009). oficialur pirTa sameurveo sabWos wevrad Seyvanis faqts ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da saqarTvelos parlamentis ganaTlebis komitetis mxridan argumentad informaciis gacvlis gaumjobeseba da sameurveo sabWos wevrebis mxridan sakuTari movaleobebis arcodna daedo (gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelo, 2009).

kvlevis mizani
aRniSnuli kvleva emsaxureba sajaro skolebis decentralizebuli marTvis Sefasebas. miuxedavad imisa, rom skolebis efeqturi marTvis misaRwevad mravali faqtoria

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gasaTvaliswinebeli, skolis avtonomiurad marTvis mTavari berketis - sameurveo sabWoebis - muSaobis Sefasebam arsebobis eqvswliani gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, SesaZloa, naTeli gaxados decentralizaciis problematika. Sesabamisad, swored sameurveo sabWoebis kvleva gaxda amosavali wertili skolebSi decentralizebuli marTvis Sesafaseblad. imisaTvis, rom sakvlevi sakiTxis Sesaxeb sruli suraTi migveRo, skolis administracia, sameurveo sabWos wevrebTan erTad, aseve warmoadgenda kvlevis erT-erT samizne jgufs. kvlevis meTodologia da ganxorcieleba: kvleva Catarda Tbilissa da baTumSi. skolebis SesarCevad gamoyenebul iqna ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros ssip ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemis sajaro skolebis monacemTa baza. gamoyenebul iqna stratificirebuli SemTxveviTi SerCeva. cvladad gamoyenebulia: geografiuli mdebareoba, moswavleTa kontingenti, maswavlebelTa raodenoba, skolis tipologia, skolis fizikuri mdgomareoba. kvlevis masStabidan gamomdinare, skolebis raodenoba ganisazRvra proporciulad: 8 sajaro skola TbilisSi, 2 sajaro skola baTumSi. kvlevis dawyebis momentisaTvis aRmoCnda, rom TbilisSi SerCeuli sajaro skolebidan or skolaSi saerTod ar funqcionirebda sameurveo sabWo, Sesabamisad, moxda am ori skolis sxva ori skoliT Canacvleba. rac Seexeba pirvandeli SerCeviT identificirebul skolebs, mkvlevarebis mier Catarda interviuebi im mizezebis dasadgenad, Tu ra faqtorebma gamoiwvia aRniSnul skolebSi sameurveo sabWos daSla; ramdenad SeuSala aman xeli skolis funqcionirebas; rogori iyo samizne jgufis wevrTa damokidebulebebi. kvleva Seicavs Tvisebriv da raodenobriv komponents.

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Tvisebrivi komponenti: problemebis dadgenis, indikatorebis gamoyofis da kvlevis saerTo dizainisaTvis Catarda interviuebi ganaTlebis eqspertebTan, skolebis administraciasa da sameurveo sabWoebis wamomadgenlebTan. Seswavlili iqna arsebuli kvlevebi. raodenobrivi komponentis farglebSi mogrovda monacemebi Semdegi samizne jgufebisgan: sameurveo sabWos wevri maswavleblebi, skolis sameurveo sabWos wevri mSoblebi, sameurveo sabWos wevri moswavleebi da skolis administracia.

kvlevis instrumenti
kvlevaSi gamoyenebul iqna winaswar SemuSavebuli kiTxvari, romelsac SerCeul skolebSi Catarebamde gaukeTda pilotireba kvlevis proeqtSi aramonawile erT-erT skolaSi. kiTxvarebi damuSavda, modificirda da gamzadda SerCeuli skolebisaTvis. drois simcirisa da skolebis daZabuli grafikis gamo, mkvlevarebs imave dRes mohqondaT Sevsebuli kiTxvarebi. Catarda pirispir interviuebi; yuradReba mieqca im skolebs, romlebic gamoirCeodnen gansakuTrebuli praqtikiT (igulisxmeba daZabuli urTierTobebi; skolebi, sadac ar funqcionirebda sameurveo sabWo). mkvlevarebi mudmivad akvirdebodnen process da aRwerdnen informacias kvlevaSi monawileobisTvis sameurveo sabWoebis wevrTa motivaciis, sameurveo sabWos wevrTa an/da administraciasa da sameurveo sabWos wevrebs Soris urTierTobis Sesaxeb. sameurveo sabWos wevr mSoblebTan, romlebmac ver SeZles skolaSi mosvla kiTxvarebis Sesavsebad, Catarda satelefono interviuebi. kiTxvarebi damuSavda, gaukeTda kodireba da gaanalizda. aseve gaanalizda satelefono interviuebi da mkvlevarebis mier procesze dakvirvebis Sedegad dabrunebuli informacia.

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kvlevis struqtura
warmodgenili angariSi Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisagan: 1. saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi praqtika 2.monacemebi da misi analizi 3. ZiriTadi mignebebi da daskvnebi 4.rekomendaciebi

zogadi komentarebi
1. SesamCnevi iyo SerCeuli skolebis administraciis mxridan TanamSromlobisTvis gamoxatuli mzaoba. satelefono saubris Semdeg dadginda sameurveo sabWoebTan Sexvedris grafikebi. arc erT skolas mkvlevarebis skolaSi SeSvebaze uari ar ganucxadebia, im skolebis CaTvliT, sadac sameurveo sabWo aRar funqcionirebda an/da iyo SedarebiT daZabuli situacia. 2. kvlevis mcire masStabis miuxedavad, mis administrirebas dagegmilze meti dro dasWirda sxvadasxva faqtoris gamo: a) sakiTxis kompleqsuroba; b) ukanskneli ramodenime wlis manZilze dagrovili praqtikis, arastabilurobis, miznobrivi jgufebis motivaciisa da interesebis arahomogenuroba; g) saswavlo wlis dasasruli: skolebSi igegmeboda skolis gamosaSvebi gamocdebi da sxva damasrulebeli aqtivobebi, ris gamoc SeuZlebeli gaxda fokus jgufebis Catareba; d) ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier gavrcelebuli informacia sameurveo sabWoebis daSlisa da sanacvlod saskolo olqebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, - am faqtorma gaaZnela sabWos mobilizeba skolebSi. e) saministros mier kvlevis administrirebis procesSi sameurveo sabWoebis arCevnebis Sesaxeb informaciis oficialurad gamocxadeba da, Sesabamisad, skolebis saarCevno reJimSi gadasvla (Tumca, am gadawyvetilebam saSualeba mogvca, davkvirvebodiT, rogor emzadeboda zogierTi skola sameurveo sabWos arCevnebisaTvis, rac kvlevis dasawyisasTvis gansazRvruli ar iyo).

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saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi praqtikis mimoxilva

ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizaciisken mimimarTuli reformebis aqtiuri ganxorcieleba msoflios mraval qveyanaSi me-20 saukunis 80-iani wlebidan iwyeba. saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemaSi 2004 wlidan ganxorcielebuli reformebis erT-erTi ZiriTadi mimarTuleba swored ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia iyo. msoflioSi decentralizaciisadmi interesi ZiriTadad ganpirobebuli iyo politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri da teqnikuri faqtorebiT (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 11). decentralizacia gulisxmobs marTvaSi gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze uflebamosilebis gadacemas organizaciuli ierarqiis zeda donidan qveda doneebze. decentralizaciisaken swrafvas safuZvlad daedo imis aRiareba, rom naklebad centralizebuli sistemis institutebi ufro efeqturia; rom adgilobriv mmarTvelobiT organoebsa da adgilobriv Tems ufro efeqturad SeuZlia sakuTari interesebis gansazRvra da marTva; gamoyofen decentralizaciis sam formas: 1. dekoncentracia - decentralizaciis yvelaze susti formaa. gadawyvetilebis miRebaze uflebamosileba ganawilebulia imave centraluri organizaciis qveda an regionul doneebze. 2. uflebamosilebis delegireba - ufro Zlieri formaa. gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze uflebamosileba gadaecema naxevrad avtonomiur erTeulebs, romlebic srulad ar kontroldeba centraluri organizaciis mier, magram, saboloo jamSi, angariSvaldebulni arian mis winaSe. 3. devolucia - yvelaze Zlieri formaa. gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze uflebamosileba mTlianad avtonomiur organizaciebs gadaecema (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 10-11). ganaTlebis sitemis decentralizacia msoflios mraval qveyanaSi gavrcelebuli tendenciaa. mniSvnelovania

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ganaTlebis sferoSi axali iniciativebis ganxorcielebisas saerTaSoriso praqtikis mimoxilva, raTa ukeTesad moxdes ama Tu im politikis ganxorcielebis riskebis Tavidan acileba. poloneTma da avstraliam SeZles centralizebuli sistemidan decentralizebul sistemaze gadasvla sameurveo sabWoebis SeqmniT, adgilobrivi resursebis gaZlierebiTa da dafinansebis formulaSi moswavleTa raodenobis mTavar indikatorad gamosaxvis gziT. sagulisxmoa poloneTis midgoma decentralizaciisadmi. poloneTs aqvs sruliad decentralizebuli ganaTlebis sistema, sadac pasuxismgebloba dawyebiT da saSualo ganaTlebaze adgilobriv xelisuflebas ekisreba. centraluri xelisufleba aris samarTlebrivad pasuxismgebeli, uzrunvelyos ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba da ganaTlebis dafinanseba. poloneTSi saskolo sabWoebi Sedgeba faruli kenWisyriT arCeuli Tanabari raodenobis maswavlebelebisa da mSoblebisgan. meore safexuris skolebis (Lower Secondary Schools) sabWoSi SesaZlebelia arCeuli iyos moswavleebis warmomadgeneli (The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2010, 435). sainteresoa avstraliis gamocdilebis mimoxilva, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im faqts, rom es qveyana saerTaSoriso SefasebebiT mowinave adgils inarCunebs moswavleTa miRwevebis mxriv. ganvixiloT viqtoriis Statis magaliTi, romelsac qveyanaSi sididiT meore ganaTlebis sistema aqvs. viqtoriaSi 1970 wels dawyebuli ganaTlebis decentralizaciis reformis mniSvnelovani nawili iyo saskolo sabWoebis Camoyalibeba. sabWoebSi pasuxismgebloba Tanabrad gadanawilda mSoblebze, maswavleblebsa da Temze, sabWoSi wevrebis raodenoba ki 6-dan 15-mde meryeobs. saskolo sabWo weliwadis ganmavlobaSi minimum 8-jer mainc unda Seikribos da Sexvedris xanrZlivoba 2,5 saaTs ar unda aRematebodes. saxelmwifo standartebis moTxovnis dacviT, saskolo sabWo SeimuSavebs da amtkicebs skolis mokle- da grZel-

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vadian strategiul da wliur gegmas, romlis farglebSic moqmedebs skolis administraciuli da pedagogiuri personali. aseve, skolis sabWos aqvs ufleba, garkveuli vadiT (araumetes 1 wlisa) samsaxurSi aiyvanos maswavlebeli, marTos skolis finansebi da moiZios damatebiTi finansuri resursebi. weliwadSi erTxel, kerZod ki, 31 marts skolebi mSoblebisTvis da saskolo TemisTvis aqveyneben wliur angariSs, romelic Tavdapirvelad saskolo sabWos sxdomaze ixileba. zemoT aRniSnuli angariSi sajaro dokumentia, romelic Seicavs momavli wlis skolis finansur saqmianobas da ganviTarebis strategiul gegmas. Sesabamisad, viqtoriis Statis sajaro skolebis mmarTvelobiT procesSi wamyvani roli uWiravT saskolo sabWoebs, romlebic saskolo sazogadoebasTan aqtiuri TanamSromlobiT cdiloben warmatebis miRwevas. axali zelandia kidev erTi warmatebuli zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis mqone qveyanaa, romelic decentralizaciis maRali xarisxiT gamoirCeva. 1989 wels miRebuli ganaTlebis aqtis safuZvelze, skolebSi Seiqmna arCeviTi organo - skolis sameurveo sabWo. aRniSnuli sabWoebi uflebamosilni arian, dagegmon da marTon skolis politika da biujeti, miiRon gadawyvetilebebi skolis personalTan dakavSirebiT. 90-ian wlebSi dawyebuli reformis mizani iyo gadawyvetilebis miRebis uflebamosilebis delegireba saskolo sazogadoebaze, mSoblebisa da Temis aqtiuri CarTva skolis marTvaSi. sameurveo sabWoebis wevrebis umravlesobas mSoblebis mier arCeuli sxva mSoblebi warmoadgenen. sameurveo sabWo gansazRvravs skolis Rirebulebebs da grZelvadian strategiul gegmas (3-5 wlamde). avstraliis msgavsad, axali zelandiis skolebic warudgenen farTo sazogadoebas yovelwliur angariSs, romelSic strategiuli gegmiT gansazRvruli miznebis Sesrulebis procesia aRwerili. dResdReobiT axal zelandias yvelaze metad decentralizebuli zogadi ganaTlebis sistema aqvs, rac aisaxeba kidec saerTaSoriso SefasebebSi.

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saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis sistemis reformirebisas, 2004-2008 wlebSi, mravali pozitiuri nabiji gadaidga decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT. reformebis Sedegad miRebul iqna decentralizaciis e.w. devoluciuri tipi, sadac centraluri xelisufleba, ZiriTadad, ganaTlebis politikis, regulaciebisa da standartebis gansazRvris funqcias asrulebda (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 14). gaizarda skolebis pasuxismgebloba da angariSvaldebuleba sazogadoebis winaSe. ucxoeli partniorebis mxardaWeriT, kerZod ki amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos daxmarebiT, ganxorcielda proeqti ,,ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia da akreditacia, romlis farglebSic momzadda treningebi skolis mmarTveli subieqtebis gadamzadebis mizniT (mosiaSvili, 2012, p. 6). sameurveo sabWoebis saqmianobis regulacia moaxdina 2005 wels miRebulma saqarTvelos kanonma zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb. am kanonis 37-e muxlis mixedviT, sameurveo sabWo Sedgeba mSoblebisa da pedagogiuri sabWos mier Tanabari raodenobiT, sami wliT arCeuli aranakleb eqvsi da araumetes Tormeti warmomadgenlisagan, saSualo safexuris moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis mier arCeuli erTi warmomadgenlisagan da saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier daniSnuli erTi wevrisagan (saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT). sagulisxmoa, rom 2009 wlis cvlilebebamde ganaTlebis saministros warmomadgeneli ar sargeblobda saTaTbiro xmis uflebiT. rac Seexeba adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis monawileobas sabWos muSaobaSi, isini aseve arian uflebamosilni, wargzavnon warmomadgeneli sabWoSi arasaTaTbiro xmis uflebiT. kanonis dRevandeli redaqciiT, skolis sameurveo sabWoSi SesaZlebelia Sediodes dadasturebuli qvelmoqmedic, Tumca, skolebi am uflebas naklebad iyeneben. sameurveo sabWos wevrebis arCeva xdeba 3 weliwadSi erTxel, erTsa da imave dRes mTeli qveynis masStabiT. zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonis mixedviT, arCevnebi tardeba Tanasworo-

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bis safuZvelze, faruli kenWisyriT, gamWvirvalobisa da safexurebis mixedviT moswavleTa mSoblebis Tanabari warmomadgenlobis principebis dacviT (gamWvirvaloba saqarTvelo, 2009). sameurveo sabWoebi, moqmedi kanonis mixedviT, uflebamosilni arian, siiTi Semadgenlobis umravlesobiT airCion skolis direqtori, daamtkicon biujeti da skolis Sinaganawesi. aseve maT kompetenciaSi Sedis skolis prioritetebisa da strategiis gansazRvra, saskolo saswavlo gegmisa da wlis ganmavlobaSi gamosayenebeli saxelmZRvaneloebis damtkiceba. sameurveo sabWo ikribeba saswavlo wlis ganmavlobaSi minimum 3-jer mainc, rogorc wesi, yoveli mesamedis dasawyisSi. 2009 wlis Semdeg, zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanoniT ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebi da dakvirveba gvaZlevs imis daSvebis SesaZleblobas, rom 2009 wlis Semdeg decentralizaciis xarisxi Sesustda ramodenime faqtoris gamo, maT Soris: skolis sameurveo sabWoSi saministros warmomadgenels SeuZlia. erTpirovnulad moiwvios sabWos riggareSes xdoma. kanoniT, sabWos wevrebs msgavsi sxdomis mosawyobad siiTi Semadgenlobis sul mcire 1/3-is Tanxmoba sWirdebaT. finansuri darRvevis aRmoCenis SemTxvevaSi, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organos aqvs ufleba, mimarTos skolis sameurveo sabWos direqtorisTvis uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis sakiTxis dayenebis winadadebiT, xolo sameurveo sabWos umoqmedobis SemTxvevaSi, mimarTos saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros sameurveo sabWos daTxovnis an/da direqtorisaTvis uflebamosilebis vadamde Sewyvetis winadadebiT (kanonSi ar aris dakonkretebuli, Tu ra saxis finansur darRvevazea saubari, rac badebs eWvs, rom cvlileba sameurveo sabWoe-

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bisa da skolis direqtorebis kontrolis damatebiT meqanizmad SeiZleba iqces). sameurveo sabWos arsebobis istoriaSi, ramdenime Sefaseba gakeTda maTi muSaobis efeqturobis dasadgenad. 2007 wels Catarda ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqtis - ilia WavWavaZis Sefaseba, romelSic sxva sakiTxebTan erTad ganxiluli iyo decentralizaciis procesis mimdinareoba da sameurveo sabWoebis efeqturoba. aRniSnul kvlevaSi direqtorebi, pedagogebi da sameurveo sabWos wevrebi dadebiTad afaseben sajaro skolebisTvis avtonomiurobis xarisxis zrdas. interviuebma da fokus-jgufebma aCvena, rom direqtorebisa da sabWos wevrebisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania gadawyvetilebis damoukidebelad miRebis SesaZlebloba, rac maT met pasuxismgeblobas da movaleobebs akisrebs skolis marTvisa da finansebis gankargvis TvalsazrisiT. Tumca, aqve aRniSnaven, rom skolis sabWoebi bolomde mzad ar arian, miiRon damoukidebeli gadawyvetilebebi da swored es aris saskolo avtonomiis uaryofiTi mxare (Sapiro, nakata da Caxaia 2007, 170). aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom kvlevis Catarebis momentisaTvis sameurveo sabWoebis funqcionireba mxolod erT saswavlo wels iTvlida (zogierT skolaSi sabWos dakompleqteba pirvel etapze ver moxda). kvlevaSi, romelic decentralizaciis reformis mimdinareobas ganixilavda, direqtorebi da sameurveo sabWos Tavmjdomareebi maT mier Sesrulebul samuSaos sakmaod dadebiTad afaseben (xuTbalian Skalaze 3.9), maSin rodesac mSoblebi da resurscentrebi maT SedarebiT dabal Sefasebas aZleven (3.46 da 3.1) (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 34-35). sagulisxmoa, rom sameurveo sabWoebis muSaobas araefeqturad an sruliad araefeqturad miiCnevs mSoblebis mxolod 7%. es procenti ufro dabalia direqtorebis (4%) da sameurveo sabWoebis (1%) Sefasebebisas. mSoblebis azriT, sameurveo sabWos araefeqturoba gamowveulia saqmisadmi gulgrili damokidebulebiT, organizaciuli niWis na-

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klebobiT da arakeTilsindisierebiT (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 35), maSin, roca direqtorebs muSaobis Semaferxebel faqtorad Sesabamisi codnisa da unar-Cvevebis ararseboba miaCniaT. sameurveo sabWoebis azriT, ki direqtoris mxridan zewola, saqmisadmi gulgrili damokidebuleba, araprofesionalizmi, araanazRaurebadi Sroma da mSoblebSi interesis nakleboba iwvevs sameurveo sabWoebis arafeqturobas (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 35). 2008 wlis kvlevis mixedviT, saskolo sazogadoebis gamokiTxvis Sedegad dadginda, rom decentralizaciis reformis miznis dasaxeleba uWirT: mSoblebis daaxloebiT naxevars, sameurveo sabWoebis mexuTeds da direqtorebis TxuTmet procents. rac Seexeba resurscentrebs, gamokiTxulTa 96%-s uadvildeba reformis miznis dasaxeleba. respondentebis azriT, decentralizaciis ZiriTad miznad moiazreba skolebis avtonomiurobis xarisxis gazrda. skolisTvis finansuri damoukideblobis miniWebis mizans xSirad asaxeleben sameurveo sabWos Tavmjdomareebi da direqtorebi, mSoblebi ki mas iSviaTad axseneben. Tumca, mSoblebi xSirad asaxeleben ganaTlebis donis amaRlebas, rogorc decentralizaciis erT-erT umTavres mizans (afxazava da bregvaZe 2008, 22). respondentebi iSviaTad aRiqvamen decentralizacias, rogorc skolebis individualuri saxis Camoyalibebis SesaZleblobas. arada, eqspertebis azriT, es decentralizaciis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani mizania... mSoblebis pasuxebSi saerTod ar gvxvdeba skolebs Soris konkurenciis gazrda, rogorc decentralizaciis mizani. maSin rodesac, swored mSobeli iRebs gadawyvetilebas, Tu romel skolaSi wava misi Svilis vauCeri da igi unda iyos am konkurenciis ganmapirobebeli (gogliCiZe 2010, 16-17). 2011 wels Catarebulma sazogadoebrivi azris gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom mosaxleobis 46% Zalian warmatebulad an warmatebulad miiCnevs sajaro kolebSi sameurveo sabWoebis institutis danergvas (ACT - analizisa da konsulta-

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ciis jgufi 2011, 11). aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom regionebSi aRniSnuli instituti ufro moswonT ( 64%), TbilisSi ki ufro skeptikuri damokidebuleba aqvT (42%) (ACT - analizisa da konsultaciis jgufi 2011). kvlevis farglebSi gamokiTxul respondentTa umravlesobas miaCnia, rom skolis biujetis damtkiceba (65%) da saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCeva (76%) ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros kompetencia unda iyos (ACT - analizisa da konsultaciis jgufi 2011). maTi azriT, sajaro skola upiratesad angariSvaldebuli unda iyos ganaTlebis saministros winaSe (53%). sameurveo sabWo daasaxela gamokiTxulTa 16%-ma, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organo ki mxolod 4%-ma (ACT - analizisa da konsultaciis jgufi 2011). sameurveo sabWoebis mier Catarebul skolis direqtorebis arCevnebs warmatebulad an Zalian warmatebulad miiCnevs 40% (ACT analizisa da konsultaciis jgufi 2011). rogorc decentralizaciasTan dakavSirebiT Catarebuli kvlevebi aCvenebs, zogadad reformisadmi damokidebuleba pozitiuria, Tumca sameurveo sabWos uflebamosileba da moqmedebis areali sakmaod SezRudulia. Tu decentralizaciis da, maT Soris, sameurveo sabWoebis ganviTarebis dinamikas gadavxedavT, am institutis sisustis mizezi SesaZloa ukanasknel wlebSi sabWoebis uflebamosilebis SezRudva da naklebi xelSewyoba iyos. kvlevebis mimoxilvam gviCvena, rom sajaro skolaSi sameurveo sabWo dRemde funqcionirebs, Tumca misi efeqturobis done saeWvoa da SesaZloa Semoifarglebodes mxolod teqnikuri saxis samuSaoebis SesrulebiT. am mosazrebas safuZvlad edeba winare Catarebuli kvlevebi da ganaTlebis specialistTa sajaro skolebTan muSaobis dros miRebuli gamocdileba. magaliTad, rogorc ganaTlebis specialisti Tamar mosiaSvili aRniSnavs: 2008 wlidan sameurveo sabWoebis daxmarebisa da skolebis avtonomiurobis mxardaWeris procesi Sesustda, araqmedunariani da gamoucdeli skolis administracia da sameurveo sabWo sakuTari mwiri codnisa da gamocdilebis

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imedad darCa (mosiaSvili, 2012, 6). 2009-2011 wlebSi zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb saqarTvelos kanonSi Sesulma cvlilebebma cxadyo, rom saxelmwifos politikis kursi am mimarTulebiT Seicvala da dRis wesrigSi isev centralizebul sistemaze gadasvla dadga, rasac safuZvlad daedo gancxadebebi skolis doneze menejmentis sisustis da, zogadad, skolebis naklebi mzaobis Sesaxeb. riski, rac am cvlilebebs SesaZloa mohyoloda, aris im codnisa da gamocdilebis dakargva, romelic ukanaskneli eqvsi wlis manZilze dagrovda skolis doneze marTvis mimarTulebiT. Sesabamisad, ver moxda saukeTeso praqtikebis efeqturad gaziareba im skolebisTvis, romlebic am mimarTulebiT daxmarebas saWiroeben (pirispir interviuebi ganaTlebis specialistebTan, maisi-ivnisi, 2013).

kvlevis Sedegebi
kvlevis Sedegebi dajgufebulia ramdenime kategoriad. pirvel kategoriaSi mocemulia zogadi xasiaTis informacia; meore kategoria moicavs informacias sameurveo sabWos muSaobis Sesaxeb; mesame kategoriaSi gaerTianebuli informacia im faqtorebis Sesaxeb, rac SesaZloa uzrunvelyofdes sabWos efeqtur muSaobas (treningebi, motivacia); daskvniT nawilSi ki gaerTianebulia informacia decentralizaciis mimarT sabWos da administraciis damokidebulebaze.

zogadi informacia
sameurveo sabWos muSaobis Sesafaseblad kvlevaSi monawileoba miiRes administraciisa da sameurveo sabWos wevrebma. gamokiTxulTa Soris 55 maswavlebelia, 22 mSobeli, 5 moswavleTa warmomadgeneli da 24 administraciis wevri.

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kvlevaSi monawile respondent-sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 44% 50 wlis da zemoT asakobriv kategoriaSia.

sameurveo sabWos wevrTa gamocdileba 3-6 welia, maT Soris, sabWos wevr-maswavlebelTa gamocdileba umeteswilad 6 wlamdea, mSobelTa 66% 3-4 welia CarTulia sabWos saqmianobaSi, xolo moswavleTa gamocdileba 3 welze mcirea. SerCeul skolebSi sameurveo sabWos raodenoba 6-dan 13 wevramde meryeobs.

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sameurveo sabWos gamokiTxuli wevrebis 80% miiCnevs, rom maTi skola demokratiulad imarTeba. nakleb demokratiulad Tvlis sabWos wevrTa 7% da `arademokratiulad - 5 % . administraciis wevrTagan 87% miiCnevs, rom skola demokratiulad imarTeba da saerTo raodenobis 54% aRniSnavs am mimarTulebiT sameurveo sabWos rols. administraciasa da sameurveo sabWos efeqturobisaTvis mniSvnelovania, skolaSi am or rgols Soris Seqmnili iyos TanamSromluri da profesiuli garemo. Sesabamisad, kvlevis farglebSi vecadeT gagverkvia, rogoria sabWos wevrTa da administracias Soris urTierToba. gamokiTxul sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 83% miiCnevs, rom administraciasa da sabWos urTierToba TanamSromlobiTia, 5% fiqrobs, rom konfliqturia, 5% - arc konfliqturi arc TanamSromluri, 5%-s ki uWirs pasuxis gacema. sabWos wevrTa 64% ar Seswrebia konfliqts wevrTa da administracias Soris, kofliqts xSirad Seswrebia 6%, ramdenjerme -24%, pasuxis gacema gauWirda 4%-s. rac Seexeba administraciis wevrebs, maTi 87% Tvlis, rom sabWosa da administracias Soris urTierToba TanamSromlobiTia.

skolis marTvaSi monawileobisTvis saWiro codna da unari

sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 75%-s treningi skolis marTvis mimarTulebiT saerTod ar aqvs gavlili. mxolod or mSobels aqvs gavlili 1-4 jer. sameurveo sabWos wevrebma upasuxes kiTxvas, Tu romeli mimarTulebiT isurvebdnen treningis gavlas. yvelaze didi nawili (samive jgufSi) proeqtebis marTvisa da xarisxis marTvis mimarTulebiT isurvebda gadamzadebas. kerZod, 58% proeqtebis marTvaSi, 57% - xarisxis marTvaSi, 43% biujetirebaSi, 37% - eleqtronul komunikaciebSi da 32% - Sesyidvebsa da sagadasaxado regulaciebSi.

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sameurveo sabWos muSaoba

saintereso iyo imis garkveva, Tu rogor mimdinareobs sameurveo sabWos Sexvedrebi, ra sakiTxebi ganixileba da rogor xdeba gadawyvetilebis miReba. gamokiTxul sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 69% Tvlis, rom sabWo ar eqvemdebareba administracias, 18%-is azriT, sabWo administracias mxolod nawilobriv eqvemdebareba. ZiriTadad gadawyvetilebebis miRebis ori forma dafiqsirda: sameurveo sabWoebi an kenWisyriT iReben gadawyvetilebas (67%), an erTsulovani SeTanxmebiT (18%). ramdenime maswavlebelma aRniSna, rom gadawyvetilebebi administraciis mier miiReba (3%). kiTxvaze - ereva Tu ara skolis direqtori gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi - sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 7% aRniSnavs, rom saerTod ar ereva, 2% fiqrobs, rom xSirad ereva, 23% ki fiqrobs, rom iSviaTad ereva.

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sameurveo sabWos wevrTa 88% fiqrobs, rom kargad icnobs dakisrebul pasuxismgeblobebsa da uflebebs. mxolod 5% fiqrobs, rom ar icnobs. aqve respondentebi gamoikiTxnen, arian Tu ara mzad, Seasrulon dakisrebuli valdebulebebi. 73% fiqrob,s rom sabWo mzad aris amisaTvis, 14% fiqrobs, rom sabWo naklebad aris mzad dakisrebuli valdebulebebis Sesasruleblad. sameurveo sabWos nakleb mzaobas aRniSnavs gamokiTxulTagan mSobelTa 9% da maswavlebelTa 18%.

ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi aqtiurad iyo saubari sameurveo sabWos saWiroebis Sesaxeb. Sesabamisad, saintereso iyo imis garkveva, ramdenad saWirod Tvlian sameurveo sabWos wevrebi skolis marTvis matricaSi sabWos aucileblobas. sabWos wevrTa 75% fiqrobs, rom sameurveo sabWo saWiroa, 10% Tvlis rom naklebad saWiroa, 4% ki fiqrobs, rom ar aris saWiro.

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sameurveo sabWos saWiroebis Sesaxeb jgufebis mixedviT mosazrebebi ase nawildeba:

rac Seexeba administraciis mosazrebas sameurveo sabWos aucileblobis Sesaxeb, 59% Tvlis, rom sameurveo sabWo saWiroa rom arsebobdes, 21% Tvlis, rom naklebad saWiroa da 17%-s uWirs pasuxis gacema. administraciis wevrTa 88% miiCnevs, rom sabWos daniSnulebaa administraciis monitoringi - gamWvirvaled marTos skola da sameurveo sabWos ar Tvlian administraciis efeqturobisa da skolis ganviTarebis Semaferxebel faqtorad.

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imisaTvis, rom kvlevis jgufs gaerkvia, ra mimarTulebiT arian sameurveo sabWos wevrebi aqtiurebi da sad isurvebdnen met CarTulobas, Sesabamisi kiTxvebi SemuSavda. rogorc irkveva, yvelaze aqtiurad sabWos wevrebi biujetis damtkicebis, skolis samoqmedo gegmis ganxilvis, disciplinuri sakiTxebis ganxilvisa da saxelmZRvaneloebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis irgvliv ikribebian (saxelmZRvaneloebis mimarTulebiT pedagogTa 83% da mSobelTa 73%-ia CarTuli):

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sameurveo sabWos wevrebs daesvaT kiTxva, Tu romeli mimarTulebiT isurvebdnen CarTvas. maTgan umetesoba axali kadrebis miRebaSi, maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da skolis ganviTarebis proeqtebis mimarTulebiT CarTvas isurvebda (36%). rogorc cnobilia, yvelaze didi roli sameurveo sabWos biujetis damtkicebis mimarTulebiT uWiravs. saintereso iyo, gagverkvia, am mimarTulebiT rogor monawileobs sameurveo sabWo. sabWos wevrebs arCevani ramdenime pasuxs Soris unda aerCiaT. Sesabamisad, unda moexazaT yvela relevanturi pasuxi. garda amisa, saintereso iyo gvenaxa, rogori iyo ganawileba sameurveo sabWos jgufebs Soris. sameurveo sabWos wevrTa umetesoba (93%) biujetis damtkicebasa da administraciis mier momzadebuli biujetis koreqtirebaSia CarTuli. mSobelTa 77% da maswavlebelTa 74% biujetis momzadebis procesSi skolis saWiroebebisa da prioritetebis dasadgen ganxilvebSi monawileobs.

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mniSvnelovania imis gageba, Tu rogor arian CarTulni sameurveo sabWos wevrebi sxvadasxva sakiTxis ganxilvasa Tu gadawyvetaSi, saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebis mizniT. rogorc kvleva aCvenebs, sameurveo sabWos wevri moswavleebi CamoTvlili sakiTxebidan mxolod warmatebuli maswavleblis gamovlenasa da skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebis ganxilvis sakiTxebSi monawileoben. maswavlebelTa monawileoba yvelaze metad saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCevas (90%), skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebebis dadgenasa (56%) da moswavleTa akademiuri miRwevebis monitoringSi (52%) dafiqsirda. mSoblebi yvelaze xSirad CarTulni arian skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebebis dadgenaSi (67%), warmatebuli maswavleblis gamovlenaSi (58.5%), saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCevasa da swavlebis xarisxis monitoringSi (54-54%). CamoTvlili sakiTxebidan yvelaze dabali maCvenebeli aqvs sameurveo sabWos wevrebis monawileobis axali kadrebis mozidvisa da treningebis saWiroebis dadgenis mimarTulebiT.

administraciis wevrebi sameurveo sabWos CarTulobas zogadad damakmayofileblad miiCneven, magram maTi 80% isurvebda sabWos met aqtiurobas saskolo cxovrebaSi mSobelTa CarTvis mimarTulebiT.

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sameurveo sabWos efeqturoba

saintereso iyo imis dadgena, sameurveo sabWos wevrTa da administraciis azriT, efeqturia Tu ara sameurveo sabWos muSaoba da ra gansazRvravs sameurveo sabWos efeqturobas. dasaxelebul faqtorTa Soris aris: sabWos wevrTa kompetenturoba, sabWos wevrTa motivacia, wevrTa gadamzadeba, sakanonmdeblo baziT gansazRvruli uflebamosilebebi da administraciis mier sameurveo sabWos funqciebis aRiareba.

sameurveo sabWos efeqturobis sakiTxi administraciis mierac Sefasda. suraTi gansxvavebuli aRmoCnda. administraciis wevrTa 42% sameurveo sabWos naklebefeqturad miiCnevs, efeqturad afasebs administraciis wevrTa 46%, Zalian efeqturad Tvlis 8.3%, araefeqturad ki mxolod 4.2%.

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administraciis wevrTa mosazrebiT, sabWos efeqturoba didwilad sameurveo sabWos wevrTa kompetenturobaze, wevrTa motivaciasa da administraciis mier sameurveo sabWos rolis gaazrebazea damokidebuli.

administraciis wevrebi sameurveo sabWos wevrTa unars skolis marTvaSi sxvadasxvagvarad afaseben, maTi 58% sabWos damakmayofileblad kompetenturad miiCnevs:

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sabWos wevrTa azriT, CamoTvlil faqtorTa Soris wevrTa kompetenturoba yvelaze mniSvnelovania. mniSvnelobiT meore faqtorad ki sabWos wevrTa motivaciaa dasaxelebuli.

rogorc zemoT ukve aRiniSna, sameurveo sabWos wevrTa efeqturobisaTvis erT-erT mTavar faqtorad motivacia dasaxelda. sainteresoa imis naxva, Tu rogor afaseben sabWos wevrebi sakuTar motivacias, imuSaon sameurveo sabWos wevris statusiT.

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rogorc vxedavT, gamokiTxul sameurveo sabWos wevrTa motivacia meryeobs Zalian maRalsa da dabals Soris. 58% miiCnevs, rom sakuTari motivacia - iyos sameurveo sabWos wevri - saSualoa, maT Sorisaa 40% moswavleTa TviTmarTvelobis warmomadgeneli, 51% sabWos wevri maswavlebeli da 33% wevri-mSobeli. Tanabari procentuli ganawilebaa dabali (8%) da Zalian maRali (6%) motivaciis mqone jgufebs Soris. maRali motivaciis mqoned Tavs miiCnevs gamokiTxulTa 24%, maT Soris umetesoba maswavlebelia. imisaTvis, rom gagverkvia, ra SeiZleba iyos kvlevis dros dafiqsirebuli respondentTa motivaciis niSnulis ganmsazRvreli, sameurveo sabWos wevrebi am mimarTulebiTac gamoikiTxnen. yvelaze metad wevrebis motivacias gansazRvravs sabWos funqciebi (42%). wevrebi aseve mniSvnelovan faqtorad Tvlian materialur aspeqts. sxva wevrebis motivacias wevrebi ar miiCneven sakuTari motivaciis ganmsazRvrelad, rac SeiZleba maT mier gundurobis nakleb aRqmas ukavSirdebodes. gamokiTxul sameurveo sabWos wevrTa mxolod 37% miiRebda sameurveo sabWos arCevnebSi monawileobas, amis Sansi rom hqondeT.

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administraciis wevrebmac Seafases sameurveo sabWos motivacia. administraciis gamokiTxul wevrTa 42% Tvlis, rom sameurveo sabWos wevrebs saSualo motivacia aqvT. motivaciis ganmsazRvrel faqtorebad ki sabWos funqciebs (25%), sabWosa da administraciis TanamSromlobis xarisxs (18%) da samuSao garemos (46%) asaxeleben.

damokidebulebebi decentralizebuli marTvis mimarT

kvlevis jgufi Seecada, gaerkvia sameurveo sabWos da administraciis wevrTa damokidebulebebi sajaro skolis decentralizebuli marTvis mimarT. Sesabamisad, gamoiyo saskolo cxovrebis mniSvnelovani faqtorebi. respodentebs eTxovaT, mieTiTebinaT is rgolebi, romlebsac Sesabamisi sakiTxebis gadawyvetis uflebamosileba aqvT. sameurveo sabWosa da administraciis wevrTa mosazrebebi gansxvavebulia. sameurveo sabWos wevrebi met uflebamosilebas akisreben sameurveo sabWoebs. administraciis wevrebi metwilad sameurveo sabWos CarTulobad administraciasTan TanamSromlobas miiCneven. rigi sakiTxebis gadasawyvetad mniSvnelovnad Tvlian centraluri mTavrobis monawileobas. sameurveo sabWos diskreciad ki direqtoris arCeva da sabiujeto sakiTxebis ganxilva miaCniaT.

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damatebiTi informacia
am TavSi warmodgenili informacia efuZneba kvlevis administrirebis procesSi ganxorcielebul dakvirvebebs, rac saSualebas gvaZlevs, ufro naTlad gaviazroT sameurveo sabWosa da administraciis wevrTa urTierTobebi, maTi damokidebulebebi sakvlevi sakiTxis mimarT. TiTqmis yvela skolis administraciam aRniSna, rom mSoblebis sameurveo sabWoSi (da, zogadad, saskolo cxovrebaSi) muSaobis motivacia dabalia. mkvlevarTa azriT, umetes SemTxvevaSi xdeboda sabWos wevri moswavlis ugulebelyofis mcdeloba: araseriozulad miiCnevdnen moswavlis

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mosazrebebs. mkvlevarebis dakvirvebiT, or skolaSi direqtori gamokveTili avtoritari iyo - amaze maTi qceva, kolegebTan saubris manera da aseve sabWos wevrebis mokrZalebulad qceva metyvelebda. iyo pozitiurad sawinaaRmdego SemTxvevac, roca direqciis warmomadgenlebsa da sabWos wevrebs Soris sakmaod dabalansebuli da Tbili urTierTdamokidebuleba gamoikveTa. am konkretul skolaSi kolegebs Soris saubari konstruqciuli iyo, igrZnoboda sakiTxis mimarT interesi, informaciuloba, kvlevis mimdinareobis dros, skolebSi iyo informacia, rom sameurveo sabWoebis gauqmeba igegmeboda. Sesabamisad, sameurveo sabWos axali arCevnebis daniSvnis Sesaxeb brZanebam dabneuloba gamoiwvia. sabWos arsebobis saWiroebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmuli azrebis mixedviT, gansakuTrebulad Camoyalibebuli pozicia arsad dafiqsirebula. mkvlevarebis dakvirvebiT, sameurveo sabWos rolisa da funqciebis safuZvliani gaazreba da gaTaviseba jer kidev naklebad xdeba. skolebis mier sameurveo sabWos proeqti mxolod zemodan davalebul saqmed da formalobad aRiqmeba. sabWos ZiriTadad moiazreben, rogorc direqciis kontrolis meqanizms biujetis gankargvis sakiTxebSi. gamoTqmuli iyo azri, rom sabWo saWiro iyo, aseve sawinaaRmdegoc - rom direqciac mSvenivrad akeTebda yvelafers sameurveo sabWos gareSe. iyo SemTxveva, roca direqtori aRniSnavda sameurveo sabWos wevrebisTvis treningebis aucileblobas da adarebda amJamindel sabWos wina sameurveo sabWos, romlis wevrebsac treningebi hqondaT gavlili da romelic ufro efeqturi iyo. ramdenime skolaSi vizitis dros informacia sameurveo sabWos arCevnebis daniSvnis Sesaxeb jer cnobili ar iyo. sameurveo sabWo da direqcia Tvlida, rom aRniSnuli organo wyvetda funqcionirebas, razec sinanuls gamoxatavdnen, radgan fiqrobdnen, rom sameurveo sabWo saWiro iyo

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skolis cxovrebisTvis. skolaSi, sadac sakmaod daZabuli situacia aRmoCnda administraciasa da sameurveo sabWos Soris, direqtorma moiTxova sameurveo sabWos carieli kiTxvaris gacnoba. man aRniSna, rom eeWveboda, sabWos wevrebs aRniSnuli kiTxvari gulwrfelad SeevsoT. sameurveo sabWos wevrebma moiTxoves informacia, iyo Tu ara nebadarTuli saministros mier aRniSnuli kvlevis Catareba da mxolod amis Semdeg daiwyes kiTxvarebis Sevseba. Sevsebis procesSi maT Tqves, rom amJamindel direqtorTan moxda konfliqti. direqtori orjer ar gamocxadda sameurveo sabWos sxdomaze, sadac igi moiwvies angariSis warsadgenad (saubris dros sabWos wevrebis umravlesobis mxridan naTlad Canda direqtorisadmi maTi uaryofiTi damokidebuleba).

gansxvavebuli gamocdileba
pirveladi SerCevis Sedegad SerCeuli skolis administraciasTan dakavSirebis Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom or skolaSi sameurveo sabWoebi ar funqcionirebda. orive SemTxvevaSi mizezi gansxvavebuli aRmoCnda. pirvel SemTxvevaSi es iyo skolis optimizacia/reorganizaciasTan dakavSirebuli problema, meore SemTxvevaSi sameurveo sabWosa da ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros Soris konfliqturi situacia, ramac sameurveo sabWos daSla gamoiwvia. qvemoT mocemulia informacia, romelic mopovebul iqna am skolebis administraciasTan pirispir intervius safuZvelze. sajaro skola - SemTxveva N 1 skolaSi sameurveo sabWom sul 6 weli imuSava. sameurveo sabWos warsuli saqmianoba skolis direqtorma dadebiTad Seafasa da ganacxada, rom sabWos arseboba

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skolaSi saWiro iyo. misive TqmiT, sabWo Sedgeboda kargad da saguldagulod SerCeuli wevrebisgan, romlebic direqcias gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi exmarebodnen. rogorc skolis direqtorma ganacxada, sameurveo sabWos daSlis Semdeg mdgomareoba Seicvala im mxriv, rom rigi pasuxismgeblobebisa mxolod direqtors daekisra. manamde movaleobebsa da pasuxismgeblobebs Tanabrad inawilebdnen sabWosa da administraciis wevrebi, rac, Tavis mxriv, skolis marTvas aadvilebda. sameurveo sabWos daSlisa da gauqmebis mizezad skolis direqtorma 2011 wels ganxorcielebuli optimizacia daasaxela. optimizaciis safuZvelze sameurveo sabWom funqcionireba Sewyvita. vinaidan 2013 wlamde sameurveo sabWos arCevnebi ar Catarebula, skola ori wlis ganmavlobaSi sameurveo sabWos gareSe darCa. administraciis gancxadebiT, sameurveo sabWos funqcionirebis periodSi konfliqtebs adgili saerTod ar hqonia. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sameurveo sabWos ar moswonda direqtoris gadawyvetileba, direqtori maT azrs yovelTvis ismenda da iTvaliswinebda. sabWo damoukidebeli iyo da gadawyvetilebebsac damoukideblad iRebda. skolis direqtori Tvlis, rom sameurveo sabWos arseboba skolaSi aucilebelia - sabWo exmareba direqtors biujetis damtkicebaSi, swavla-swavlebis sakiTxebTan mimarTebaSi, maswavleblebis samsaxurSi ayvanasa da skolis marTvasTan dakavSirebuli sxva gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi. sabWos aucileblobis kuTxiT gansxvavebuli azri daafiqsira sameurveo sabWos yofilma Tavmjdomarem, romelmac ganacxada, rom maT skolas ar sWirdeboda sameurveo sabWo. amis argumentad moyvanil iqna Tvalsazrisi, rom direqtoric mSvenivrad agvarebs yvelafers.

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sajaro skola- SemTxvevaN2 sameurveo sabWom skolaSi muSaoba daasrula 2011 wels (sameurveo sabWos daTxovnis periodSi respondenti direqtori ar muSaobda skolaSi, Sesabamisad, zustad ver daasaxela daTxovnis dro). sameurveo sabWos daTxovna moxda ministris brZanebis Sesabamisad. mizezad ki dasaxelda is faqti, rom sameurveo sabWom ar airCia direqtoris postze saministros mier wardgenili kandidatura. amJamindeli direqtori miiCnevs, rom sameurveo sabWo iyo daaxloebuli yofil direqtorTan da mikerZoebuli gadawyvetileba miiRo, ramac ganapiroba sameurveo sabWps daTxovna. ministrma sameurveo sabWos daTxovnis Semdeg daniSna skolis direqtori 2011-2012 saswavlo wlis dawyebamde, romelic 2012 wlis ianvarSi amJamindelma direqtorma Secvala. administraciis informaciiT, sameurveo sabWos yofili wevrebis udidesi nawils skolasTan kavSiri ukve aRar aqvs. Sesabamisad, administracia ar flobda detalur informacias skolaSi sameurveo sabWos muSaobis Sesaxeb. direqtorma aRniSna, rom wina skolaSi igi sameurveo sabWos mier iyo arCeuli. Txovnaze - erTmaneTisTvis Seedarebina wina (romelSic funqcionirebs sameurveo sabWo) da amJamindeli skola (romelSic ar moqmedebs sameurveo sabWo), agreTve, daesaxelebina, Tu romel situaciaSi grZnobs igi Tavs konfortulad da ratom - direqtorma ganacxada: kargia, roca skolaSi funqcionirebs sameurveo sabWo. Tumca, miiCnevs, rom sabWos ar unda hqondes yvela is funqcia, romlebic mas amJamad aqvs. misi azriT, sameurveo sabWo ar unda irCevdes skolaSi direqtors, radgan ramdenime pedagogis da mSoblis gadasawyveti ar unda iyos es sakiTxi. direqtori unda daniSnos saminstrom an olqma (igi miesalmeba olqebis Seqmnis iniciativas da maTTvis direqtorebis arCevis uflebis delegirebas). amis mizezad direqtorma konkretuli kandidatis mimarT an Zveli direqtoris mimarT sameurveo sabWos mikerZoebuloba daasaxela. Tumca, misi TqmiT, igi

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zogadad miesalmeba sameurveo sabWos CarTvas saskolo cxovrebaSi, magaliTad, biujetis damtkicebis nawilSi. administraciis sxva wevrebis mosazreba direqtoris mosazrebas daemTxva, gansakuTrebiT, im nawilSi, rom sameurveo sabWos funqcionireba xels uwyobs skolis gamWvirvaled marTvas.

ZiriTadi mignebebi da daskvnebi

sameurveo sabWos efeqturobas sxvadasxvagvarad afaseben misi wevrebi da skolis administracia. Tumca, orive jgufi miesalmeba skolaSi sameurveo sabWos arsebobis sakiTxs. administracia ufro naklebefeqturad miiCnevs sameurveo sabWos muSaobas da amis mizezad arasakmaris kompetenturobasa da dabal motivacias asaxelebs. sameurveo sabWos wevrebi SedarebiT maRal Sefasebas aZleven sabWos efeqturobas (70%). maTi azriT, sabWos efeqturoba didwilad wevrTa kompetenciasa da motivaciazea damokidebuli. administraciis mosazrebiT ki efeturobis ganmsazRvreli, wevrTa kompetenciebTan erTad, motivacia da administraciis mxridan sabWos funqciebis aRiareba/ gaazrebaa. sakvlevi skolebis umetes nawilSi sameurveo sabWosa da administracias Soris urTierToba TanamSromlobiTia. Tumca, arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac urTierToba neitraluria, daZabulia da konfliqturic ki aris. sabWos wevrTa azriT, maT umravlesobas saSualo motivacia aqvs da motivaciis ganmsazRvrel ZiriTad faqtorad sameurveo sabWos funqciebs asaxeleben. sabWos wevrebi ZiriTadad biujetis ganxilvisa da damtkicebis, saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCevis, disciplinuri sakiTxebis gansaxilvelad ikribebian. isini samoqmedo gegmis ganxilvaSic monawileoben. biujetis sakiTxis ganxilvis procesSi sabWos wevrebi administraciis mier Sedgenili biujetis koreqtirebas da SeTanxmebas axdnen, Tumca,

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maTi nawili biujetis momzadebis procesSic monawileobs (saWiroebebis dadgena, propritetebis gamoyofa). sameurveo sabWos wevri moswavle/moswavleebi naklebad arian CarTulni sameurveo sabWos muSaobaSi da maT azrs naklebi mniSvneloba eniWeba. es faqti SesaZlebelia gamowveuli iyos imiT, rom moswavle wevrebma ar ician sakuTari ufleba-movaleobebi da mzad ar arian, CaerTon gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi. saswavlo garemos gaumjobesebis mizniT, sameurveo sabWos wevrebi sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT erTvebian. rogorc kvleva aCvenebs, sameurveo sabWos wevri moswavleebi CamoTvlili sakiTxebidan ZiriTadad warmatebuli maswavleblis gamovlenasa da skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebis ganxilvis sakiTxebSi monawileoben. maswavlebelTa monawileoba yvelaze metad saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCevas, skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebebis dadgenasa da moswavleTa akademiuri miRwevebis monitoringis mimarTulebiT dafiqsirda. mSoblebi yvelaze xSirad CarTulni arian skolis infrastruqturuli saWiroebebis dadgenaSi, warmatebuli maswavleblis gamovlenaSi, saxelmZRvaneloebis SerCevasa da swavlebis xarisxis monitoringSi. sameurveo sabWos wevrTa umetesoba axali kadrebis miRebaSi, maswavlebelTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da skolis ganviTarebis proeqtebis mimarTulebiT CarTvas isurvebda. rac Seexeba skolis marTvas, sabWos wevrTa umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom skola demokratiulad imarTeba da amaSi sameurveo sabWos rols orive samizne jgufi iziarebs. Tumca, aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac sabWos wevrebi Tvlian, rom direqtori Tavadac gauZRveboda skolis marTvis process, sabWosgan damoukideblad. administraciis wevrebi sameurveo sabWos wevrTa skolis marTvis unarebs damakmayofileblad miiCneven, rac imas niSnavs, rom isini sabWos wevrTa kompetenciebis gazrdis

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gareSe naklebad isurveben sabWos gaaqtiurebas, vinaidan ar aqvT imis molodini, rom wevrebi amas SeZleben. sameurveo sabWos wevrebis did nawils treningebi ar Catarebia. treningebSi monawileoba mxolod maswavlebelTa da mSobelTa mcire nawils hqonda. skolis administraciis is nawili, romelsac mouwia am eqvswliani ciklis periodSi gadamzadebul da gadaumzadebel sameurveo sabWos wevrebTan muSaoba, calsaxad aRniSnaven sabWos wevrebisTvis Sesabamisi treningebis saWiroebas. kvlevis Sedegad naTeli gaxda, rom sameurveo sabWoebis ZiriTadi nawili icnobs sabWoze dakisrebul uflebamosilebebs, Tumca, isurvebdnen met codnasa da samoqmedo arealis gazrdas. sabWos wevrTa mosazrebiT, maTi kompetenciebis da funqciebis gazrda uzrunvelofs motivaciis amaRlebas da, Sesabamisad, sabWos efeqturobasac gazrdis. gansxvavebulia sameurveo sabWosa da administraciis wevrTa damokidebuleba skolis marTvaSi sameurveo sabWos monawileobis mimarT. administraciis mxridan sabWos funqciebis gazrdis naklebi survili/molodini SesaZloa saxelmwifosa da administraciis mxridan wlebis ganmavlobaSi sameurveo sabWos wevrTa marTvis unarebis naklebobis Sesaxeb gabatonebul azrs ukavSirdebodes. decentralizaciis mimarT damokidebulebebis kvlevis dros aSkara gaxda, rom administracia miesalmeba decentralizebul marTvas, Tumca, sameurveo sabWos CarTva skolis cxovrebaSi ZiriTadad administraciasTan TanamSromlobiT surs. rogorc kvleva aCvenebs, sameurveo sabWos wevrebs Sesabamisi xelisSemwyobi meqanizmebis danergvis Semdeg (funqciebis gazrda, gadamzadeba), survili aqvT, ufro aqtiurad CaerTon saskolo cxovrebaSi. gansakuTrebiT mnSvnelovania sameurveo sabWos wevrTa survili, monawileoba miiRon swavla-swvlebis xarisxis gamujobesebis mimarTulebiT. sakvlevi sakiTxis eqvswliani gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sameurveo sabWoebs kvlevis

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procesisTvis sakuTari roli da funqciebi ufro metad hqondaT gaazrebuli, vidre wina kvlevebis Catarebis dros. Tumca, sakuTari da administraciis wevrTa SefasebiT, sabWos wevrTa motivacia da kompetenciebi kvlav saWiroebs gaumjobesebas.

rekomendaciebi
mniSvnelovania imis gaazreba, rom rogorc gamocdileba aCvenebs, miuxedavad skolis doneze mcdelobebisa, sameurveo sabWos qmedunarian organod ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT saxelmwifos mier ukanasknel wlebSi araferi gakeTebula. amas amZafrebs is faqti, rom ukanaksneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi sameurveo sabWoSi saministrosa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis wevrTa CarTviTa da skolebze zewoliT sameurveo sabWos roli Sesustda. Tu mxedvelobaSi miviRebT im faqts, rom sameurveo sabWos efeqturoba metwilad kompetenciebze, motivaciasa da sabWos funqciebzea damokidebuli, sabWos efeqturobis gasazrdelad, aucilebelia am mimarTulebiT nabijebis gadadgma. pirvel rigSi, saxelmwifom unda gadaxedos decentralizaciis politikas da mkafiod gansazRvros is ufleba-movaleobebi, romlebic delegirdeba zeda donidan qveda doneze. sabWos efeqturoba skolaSi jansaR samuSao garemoze da skolis administraciis kompetenciebzec aris damokidebuli. sasurvelia administraciis profesiuli ganviTarebis mimarTulebiTac gadaidgas Sesabamisi nabijebi. 1. saxelmwifos xedvis gadaxedva zogadsaganmanaTleblo sistemis decentralizebuli marTvis mimarT skolebis decentralizaciis politikis gansazRvra sameurveo sabWos funqciis, rolis gansazRvra sakononmdeblo bazis gadaxedva

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2. axalarCeuli sameurveo sabWoebis gadamzadeba funqciebis Sesabamisad sameurveo sabWos treningebi seminarebi/vorqSofebi damxmare literatura/resursebis momzadeba da gaziareba 3. skolebis administraciis profesiuli ganviTareba gadamzadeba skolis efeqtur marTvaSi (resursebis mimarTulebiT) organizaciuli kulturis da RirebulebaTa sistemis Sesaxeb treningebi, seminarebi, konferenciebi gadamzadeba mSobelTa da sazogadoebis CarTulobis uzrunvelsayofad gadamzadeba skolis ganviTarebis moklevadiani da grZelvadiani strategiuli gegmebis SemuSavebaSi skolis marTvis Sesaxeb gzamkvlelvebis, saganmanaTleblo resursebis momzadeba da gaziareba

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bibliografia
1. ACT - analizisadakonsultaciisjgufi. damokidebulebebiganaTlebissistemismimarT. kvlevisangariSi, Tbilisi, 2011. 2. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Education at a Glance 2010. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2010. 3. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2012. Estonia. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2012. 4. afxazava, revaz, daTamarbregvaZe. decentralizaciisreformismimdinareobisSefaseba. kvlevisangariSi, Tbilisi, 2008. 5. gogliCiZe, aluda. saqarTvelos zogadiganaTlebissistemismdgomareobisadamarTvisanalizi . Tbilisi, 2010. 6. mosiaSvili, Tamar. sajaroskolaSiSidakontrolismeqanizmebidamarTvisstilisaqarTveloSi.Tbilisi: socialurmecnierebaTacentri, 2012. 7. saerTaSorisogamWvirvaloba- saqarTvelo. miecesTavisuflebasaqarTvelosskolebs? .saerTaSorisogamWvirvaloba- saqarTvelo, 2009. 8. statistikiserovnulisamsaxuri. saqarTvelosmTlianiSidaproduqti.Tbilisi: statistikiserovnulisamsaxuri, 2013. 9. Sapiro, mark, Siro nakata, da lela Caxaia. ganaTlebis sistemisgardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqti ilia WavWavaZis Sefaseba. Tbilisi, 2007. 10. saqarTvelos kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb

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maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sistemis decentralizaciis gavlena skolebis efeqtianobaze

ia anTaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, Tamar CxaiZe ganaTlebis specialistebi: manana boWoriSvili, Tamar xatiaSvili

1. reziume
warmodgenili kvlevis Sedegebi naTels xdis, rom centralizebulma treningebma mniSvnelovnad ver uzrunvelyo maswavleblis kvalifikaciis arsebiTi gaumjobeseba, da Seamcira treningebis xelmisawvdomoba regionebSi. amasTan erTad, maswavleblebisTvis araa xelmisawvdomi informacia arsebuli treningebis Sinaarsisa da miznebis Sesaxeb. saxelmwifo afinansebs maswavleblis saxlis treningebs xarisxis Semowmebis gareSe, radgan ssip maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centris miznebidan da sakanonmdeblo moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, SeuZlebelia akreditacia gaiaros im instituciis mier momzadebulma treningebma, romelic amavdroulad SeimuSavebs maswavleblis zogad da profesiul standartebs. universitetebisa da sxva saganmanaTleblo organizaciebis qmediToba am mimarTulebiT Sesustebulia, akreditebuli programebis raodenoba Semcirebulia 10jer, treningebis xarisxis marTva ki ignorirebulia. procesis efeqtianobis gazrdisa da maswavleblebisTvis xarisxiani programebis miwodebis mizniT, saxelmwifom xeli unda Seuwyos programebis akreditacias, xolo saqarTvelos parlamentma saxelmwifo programebis dafinansebisas unda gaiTvaliswinos maTi xarisxi, kerZod, dafinansebis ZiriTadi nawili unda xmardebodes akreditebul

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programebs. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis mxardaWerisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos misi xarisxi da xelmisawvdomoba. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis xelmisawvdomobisa da xarsxis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, sasurvelia: 1. Semcirdes araakreditebuli programebis dafinanseba da xeli Seewyos akreditaciis, rogorc xarisxis kontrolis amoqmedebis process; 2. ganaTlebis politikis dokumentebSi aisaxos regulaciebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs maswavlebelTa uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis servisebis decentralizacias; 3. mniSvnelovania ganxorcieldes maswavlebelTa (ara sertificirebuli, sertificirebuli, maZiebeli) profesiuli ganviTarebis saWiroebebis kvleva da kvlevis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT Seiqmnas maswavlebelTa (arasertificirebuli, sertificirebuli, maZiebeli) profesiul ganviTarebaze orientirebuli programebi; 4. saxelmwifo instituciebis garda, saganmanaTleblo centrebs, universitetebs mieceT saSualeba (daiwios akreditaciis safasurma, amuSavdes vauCeruli sistema) Seqmnan maswavlebelTa (arasertificirebuli, ser tificirebuli, maZiebeli) profesiul ganviTarebaze orientirebuli programebi; 5. Seiqmnas treningebis Sesaxeb maswavlebelTa informirebis meqanizmi-profesiul ganviTarebaze orientirebuli programebis erTiani monacemTa baza, raTa gaizardos am programebis xelmisawvdomoba; 6. skolebma gare SefasebasTan erTad, Siga Sefasebis sistema unda aamuSaon, rac skolis maswavleblebs daexmareba gamokveTon, ra tipis treningebi sWirdeba skolas.

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2. meTodologia
Catarda Tvisebrivi kvleva, romelic moicavda or komponents: literaturis analizi (kvlevebisa da kanonmdeblobis analizi, oficialuri statistika) da fokusjgufebi literaturis analizi Seswavlilia saqarTveloSi maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis servisebis Sesaxeb arsebuli informacia, sakanonmdeblo baza, aseve saqarTvelos mier ganvlili gza 2008 wlidan dRemde - maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis servisis decentralizaciidan centralizaciamde, adgilobrivi kvlevebi da saerTaSoriso moTxovnebi, sistemaSi arsebuli problemebi da gamowvevebi. kvlevis farglebSi Seswavlilia: maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebis akreditaciis debuleba; xarisxis marTvis erovnuli centris mier momzadebuli rekomendaciebi eqspertebisTvis; kanoni `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~; maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier gavrcelebuli informacia mis mier momzadebuli da Catarebuli treningebis Sesaxeb. gavecaniT saqarTveloSi Catarebul kvlevebs: maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis sqemis Tvisebrivi kvleva, 2013, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti. maswavlebelTa mosalodneli nakadis kvleva, 2008, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti. maswavlebelTa mosalodneli nakadis kvleva, 2012, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti. Teacher Competences and Qualifications, 2010, European Commission.

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maswavlebelTa uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saxelmwifo komisia, 2013.

moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Seswavlis Sedegad aRvwereT saqarTveloSi moqmedi procedurebi trening-programebis xarisxis Seswavlis mizniT, aseve ramdenad Seesabameba regulaciebi msoflios saukeTeso praqtikas. qveyanaSi Catarebuli kvlevebi Seswavlam saSualeba mogvca, Segvefasebina maswavlebelTa damokidebulebebi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis fonze. aseve, rogoria maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefciis avtorTa xedva profesiaSi myofi maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebze. Catarebul fokusjgufebze SeviswavleT maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba trenigebTan dakavSirebiT, kerZod, Sesabamisoba skolis saWiroebebTan da maTi gavlena swavlaswavlebis procesze. fokusjgufi: Catarda xuT qalaqSi: TbilisSi (dedaqalaqi), TelavSi (aRmosavleT saqarTvelo), baTumSi (dasavleT saqarTvelo), marneulSi (eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebuli regioni) da ambrolaurSi (maRalmTiani regioni). qalaqebi SeirCa Semdegi kriteriumebis mixedviT, fokusjgufSi monawileoba miiRes dedaqalaqis, saqarTvelos qalaqebis, umciresobiT dasaxlebuli regionisa da maRalmTiani regionis maswavleblebma. fokusjgufebSi monawileoba miiRo maswavlebelTa Semdegma kategoriam: maswavleblebi, romlebic monawileobdnen centralizebulad Catarebul treningebSi; maswavleblebi, romlebic monawileobdnen universitetebisa da sxvadasxva organizaciis mier Catarebul treningebSi. fokusjgufebisTvis SemuSavda kiTxvebi (ixileT danarTi), sadac maswavleblebs saSualeba hqondaT, moewodebi-

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naT informacia, ra saxis treningebze uwevT monawileobis miReba, saidan iReben informacias, ramdenad Seesabameba treningebi maT saWiroebebs, ra mizniT eswrebian treningebs. fokusjgufebis saSualebiT gairkva treningebis gavlena skolaSi swavla-swavlebis procesis gaumjobesebaze, ramdenad xelmisawvdomia treningebi da rogor Seesabameba maswavleblisa da skolis saWiroebebs.

3. problemis aRwera
kvlevis farglebSi Seswavlilia maswavlebelTa uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis servisebis arsebuli modeli. gza, romelic gaiara saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sitemam servisis decentralizaciidan centralizaciamde. kvlevis farglebSi Catarebulia Tvisebrivi analizi. Seswavlilia sakanonmdeblo baza, saqarTvelos masStabiT Catarebuli reprezentaciuli kvlevebi, saerTaSoriso moTxovnebi da mocemulia TbilisSi, TelavSi, baTumSi, ambrolaursa da marneulSi Catarebul fokusjgufebze gamokveTili mosazrebebi. saqarTveloSi moqmedi sakanonmdeblo baza aregulirebs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akreditaciis process, ramac unda uzrunvelyos treningprogramebis xarisxi da daadginos misi Sesabamisoba saxelmwifos mier aRiarebul maswavleblis profesiul standartTan. miuxedavad arsebuli sakanonmdeblo bazisa, maswavleblebs ZiriTadad centralizebulad miewodebaT treningebi, romlebic dafinansebulia saxelmwifos mier da ar aris akreditebuli. evrokomisiam 2010 wels gamoaqveyna dokumenti maswavlebelTa kompetenciisa da kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb. dokumenti mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs maswavleblebs Soris TanamSromlobas, aseve skolebis, umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo daweseb-

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ulebebisa da trening-provaiderebs Soris efeqtur partniorobas. dokumeti calsaxad mxars uWers maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebis aucileblobas, mravalferovnebasa da xelmisawvdomobas, raTa ganviTardes swavlebis efeqturi praqtika, adgilobrivi da regionuli inovaciuri qselebi.1 2009 wlamde saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemaSi sakanonmdeblo doneze ar arsebobda maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis aRiarebisa da marTvis procedurebi. xarisxis marTvis procedurebis gareSe saqarTveloSi funqcionirebda mravali trening-centri, romelic maswavleblebs sxvadasxva trenings sTavazobda. 2008 wels saqarTveloSi damtkicda maswavleblis profesiuli standarti, romelmac gansazRvra maswavleblis kompetenciebi, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrisa da ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnuli centris mier, SemuSavda maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akreditaciis debuleba2, anotaciis forma da akreditaciis gzamkvlevebi. debuleba damtkicda ministris 2009 wlis 4 dekembris N1102 brZanebiT3 da safuZvlad daedo Sesabamisi programebis akreditaciis procesisdawyebas. 2009 wlidan universitetebma da sxva saganmanaTleblo organizaciebma daiwyes maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis momzadeba da maTi akreditacia. procesis waxalisebis mizniT, trening-provaiderebisTvis akreditacia ufaso iyo. maswavleblebi profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebs eswrebodnen mTeli qveynis masStabiT. amiT Seiqmna saganmanaTleblo programebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis axali meqanizmi, romlis mixedviTac iuridiuli pirebis mier ganxorcielebuli maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis programebi mkafiod gansazRvrul wesebsa da standartebs daefuZna.
1 Teacher Competences and Qualifications, 2010, European Commission http:// ec.europa.eu/education/policies/2010/doc/principles_en.pdf 2 http://eqe.ge/geo/education/legal_acts/sublegal_acts 3 http://tpdc.ge/images/stories/pdf/tpdcakred_geo.pdf

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saxelmwifos mier mxardaWerili iyo akreditaciis procesSi CarTuli adamianuri resursebis ganviTarebis procesi. xarisxis marTvis erovnuli centri dainteresebul mxareebs sistematuri konsultaciebiT uzrunvelyofda. akreditaciis erovnuli centris da maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier organizebuli konkursis safuZvelze SeirCnen akreditaciis eqspertebi da CautardaT treningi. maT 2009 wlidan daiwyes maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis Semowmeba. maswavleblebs SesaZlebloba hqondaT, TviTon SeerCiaT akreditebuli programebi profesiuli ganviTarebisaTvis. gamoica cnobari, romelic ufasod darigda yvela sajaro skolaSi. ra procedurebs iTvaliswinebs sakanonmdeblo baza maswavleblebis profesiuli ganviTarebis akreditaciis procesSi? sandooba da obieqturoba am procesis mniSvnelovani komponentia. debulebiT gaTvaliswinebulia, TiToeuli programis Sefaseba centris mier daniSnuli aranakleb ori eqspertis mier. debulebaSi gansazRvrulia interesTa konfliqtis Sinaarsi, aseve, interesTa konfliqtis SemTxvevaSi, Tavidan acilebis procedurebi (`ganmaxorcielebelma unda gaakeTos ganacxadi eqspertis acilebis Taobaze eqspertis daniSvnis Sesaxeb brZanebis gacnobidan ori dRis vadaSi). akreditaciis procesi iTvaliswinebs rogorc treningis Sinaarsis Sesabamisobis Semowmebas maswavleblis profesiul standartTan, aseve mwvrTnelebis kvalifikaciasa da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, organizaciis materialur-teqnikur bazas. xarisxis marTva eqspertebi erTmaneTisagan damoukideblad afaseben programas da Sedegebs asaxaven Sualedur daskvnaSi, romelsac waradgenen centrSi. Sualeduri daskvnebis safuZvelze, isini erToblivad adgenen saboloo daskvnas. Sualeduri da saboloo daskvnebi akreditaciis sabWos

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wevrebsa da dainteresebul pirebs gadaecemaT sabWos sxdomis gamarTvamde Svidi dRiT adre. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu eqspertebi ver Seadgenen urTierTSeTanxmebul saboloo daskvnas, sabWos gansaxilvelad gadaecema maT mier Sedgenili Sualeduri daskvnebi da saboloo daskvna, sadac dafiqsirebulia eqspertTa poziciebi. eqspertebi, romlebmac Seafases programa, eswrebian programis sabWoze ganxilvis process. daswreba SeuZlia ganmaxorcielebelsac. sabWos sxdoma sajaroa. zepiri mosmenisa da akreditaciis eqspertTa daskvnebis safuZvelze, sabWo iRebs gadawyvetilebas - programisTvis akreditaciis miniWebis an programisTvis akreditaciis miniWebaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. programis akreditaciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRe bis vada Seadgens saakreditacio ganacxadis centrSi wardgenidan araumetes sam Tves. maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis saganmanaTleblo programebis gaumjobesebis mizniT, programis ganmaxorcielebeli, debulebis Tanaxmad, weliwadSi erTxel ganaTlebis akreditaciis erovnul centrs warudgens TviTSefasebis angariSs. TviTSefaseba programis ganxorcielebis Tanmdevi procesia, romlis Sedegebi aisaxeba TviTSefasebis angariSSi. programis Sefasebis dros mniSvnelovania ganmaxorcieleblis mier gakeTebuli kritikuli TviTSefaseba, romelic warmoadgens xarisxis sistematiuri gaumjobesebis instruments. kritikuli TviTSefasebis Sedegad xdeba programis Semdgomi daxvewa, cvlilebebis Setana rogorc programaSi, aseve ganxorcilebis procesSi. SeiZleba Seicvalos aqtivobebi, saswavlo resursebi, Sefasebis sistema, meTodebi da testis Sinaarsi, programis struqtura da ganxorcielebis geografiuli areali, gamtarianoba, adamianuri da materialur-teqnikuri resursi da sxva.

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dafinanseba 2009 wlidan maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri axorcielebda `maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis vauCeruli dafinansebis programas4. maswavlebelis profesiuli ganviTarebis vauCeri iTvaliswinebda profesiuli ganviTarebis akreditebuli trening-programebis dafinansebas moqmedi maswavleblebisaTvis. pirvel etapze finansdeboda maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebi sabazo da saSualo skolis qarTulis, maTematikisa da ucxo enebis (inglisuri, germanuli, franguli, rusuli) maswavleblebisaTvis. maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis vauCeri SesaZleblobas aZlevda maswavlebels, profesiuli saWiroebebidan gamomdinare, SeerCia maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis akreditebuli saganmanaTleblo programa/programebi da etapobrivad, ufasod gaevlo programis/programebis kursi sul 4 kreditis odenobiT. mocemuli 4 kreditidan, 2 krediti gansazRvruli iyo sagnobrivi da 2 krediti profesiuli unar-Cvevebis programebis dafinansebisaTvis. maswavlebeli, profesiuli saWiroebidan gamomdinare, uflebamosili iyo, SeerCia orive saxis programa, sul 4 kreditis odenobiT. an dafinansebuli 4-ve krediti gamoeyenebina mxolod sagnobrivi, an mxolod profesiuli unarCvevebis ganviTarebisaTvis. 2008 wlidan daiwyo zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis centralizebuli marTvis tendenciebi. cvlilebebi aisaxa kanonSi `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~. giorgi mSvenieraZis statiaSi: `gza decentralizaciidan centralizaciamde~ aRwerilia 2008-2011 wlebSi ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi5. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis minis4 http://www.tpdc.ge/images/stories/pdf/informacia_da_instruqcia_skolebisaTvis.pdf; http://www.ganatleba.ge/upload/multi/geo/1252740081_instruqciebi%20 maswavleblebisaTvis%20vauCeris%20misaRebad.pdf 5 http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/coll/0001/000957/

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trma dimitri SaSkinma mkveTri nabijebi gadadga sistemis centralizaciisken. es aisaxa kidec centris vebgverdze, sadac ganaTlebis politikis Seqmnaze pasuxismgebeli centri axorcielebs treningebsa da masterklasebs am mizniT aSenebul maswavleblis saxlSi6. centralizaciis procesi maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akreditaciasac Seexo. kerZod, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebs atarebs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri, Tanac, akreditaciis gverdis avliT. saqme is aris, rom profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnul centrs, rogorc saministros naxevrad avtonomiur struqturas, ar aqvs ufleba, moipovos akreditacia, radgan mis funqciaSi Sedis maswavleblis profesiuli standartis, sertificirebisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis sqemis SemuSaveba. akreditacia ki trening-programebis xarisxis Sefasebis efeqtur instruments warmoadgens, romelic saxelmwifos mier daxarjuli finansebis efeqturobis Sefasebis maxasiaTeblad SegviZlia ganvixiloT. ukve mesame welia, saxelmwifos mier gamoyofili resursebi ixarjeba im programebis ganxorcielebaze, romelTa xarisxi Semowmebuli ar aris. SezRudulia treningebze maswavlebelTa xelmisawvdomoba, radgan treningebi ZiriTadad tardeba dedaqalaqSi da zogierT municipalur centrSi. saxelmwifo ar krZalavs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebSi universitetebisa da sxva organizaciebis monawileobas, Tumca, srulad akontrolebs process, radgan saxelmwifom uari Tqva akreditebuli programebis dafinansebaze da, Sesabamisad, dRes mimdinare treningebis umravlesobis xarisxi araa Sefasebuli damoukidebeli eqspertebis mier. Semdgom wlebSi xSirad xdeboda debulebaSi cvlilebebis Setana. formalurad kvlav arsebobs programebis akreditaciis procesi, Tumca, Setanili cvlilebebi, saxelmwifos mier dafinansebis SewyvetasTan erTad, praqti6 http://tpdc.ge/?lang=geo

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kulad umoqmedos qmnis Cvens sistemaSi arsebul xarisxis marTvis regulaciebs, magaliTad: - maswavleblis momzadebisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis saganmanaTleblo programebis akreditaciis wessa da safasurs amtkicebs saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministri ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris wardginebiT da maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris TanxmobiT (21.07.2010. N3530 amoqmeddes 2010 wlis 1 seqtembridan). - programis akreditaciis safasuri programis TiTo euli kreditisaTvis Seadgens 500lars. #107/n 2012wlis 5 ivnisi7. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programis akreditaciis safasuris 100 laridan 500 laramde gazrdam, saxelmwifos mier araakreditebuli programebis dafinansebam, savaraudod, xeli Seuwyo akreditebuli programebis raodenobis Semcirebas. xarisxis marTvis erovnuli centris vebgverdze gamoqveynebuli informaciis8 mixedviT, 2009 wels akreditacia miiRo 172 programam, xolo 2012 wels _ mxolod 16-ma. cxrili: maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akreditaciis dinamika 2009-2012 wlebSi weli 2009 2010 2011 2012 organizacia 26 8 8 5 akreditebuli programa 172 11 12 16

7 maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akreditaciis debuleba, muxli 8. programis akreditaciis safasuri (5.06.2012 N107/n), 1 8 www.eqe.ge nanaxia 2012 wlis 20 seqtembers.

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amJamad maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri warmoadgens mTavar trening-provaiders. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris oficialur vebgverdze9 gamoqveynebulia Semdegi informacia: saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros erT-erTi mTavari prioriteti skolebSi swavlis xarisxis gaumjobesebaa. gamomdinare aqedan, ganaTlebis sistemis reformirebisas, gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens maswavlebelTa profesiuli kvalifikaciis donis amaRleba, saerTaSoriso standartebsa da moTxovnebTan maTi codnis gaTanabreba. am mizniT, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri axorcielebs maswavlebelTa uwyvet profesiul ganviTarebaze orientirebul mravalferovan trening-programebs: grZelvadiani trening-kursebi emsaxureba konkretuli mimarTulebiT codnis SeZenasa da unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebas. moklevadiani sagnobrivi treningebi maswavlebels daexmareba, sistemaSi moiyvanos sakuTari kompetenciebi.
9 www.tpdc.ge nanaxia 2013 wlis 19 aprils

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SemuSavebuli treningebis Sesaxeb informacia sakmaod mwiria da ZiriTadad orientirebulia satreningo kalendarze da naklebad moicavs konkretuli treningebis mizans, trening-programis avtorTa da trenerTa kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb informacias, aseve, araferia naTqvami treningis Sinaarsis referirebis Sesaxeb. deklarirebulia, rom `TiToeuli treningis Tematika maswavleblis standarts, erovnul saswavlo gegmas da maswavlebelTa saWiroebis analizs efuZneba. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier mowodebuli informaciiT, 2013 wlis 8 agvistos mdgomareobiT, centris mier gacemulia 12 727 sertifikati, magram sertificirebulia 12 112 maswavlebeli, amaTgan 584 or saganSi, 14 pedagogi _ sam saganSi, 1 pedagogi _ xuT saganSi. kanonis mixedviT saxelmwifos mier gansazRvruli sertificirebis procesi daasrulos 2014 wlis bolomde eWvis qveS dgeba. (kanoni `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, muxli 61. maswavlebelTa pirveli sertificireba. 1. maswavleblis pirveli sasertifikacio gamocda Catardes araugvianes 2010 wlis 31 dekembrisa. 2. 2014 wlis bolomde yvela moqmedma maswavlebelma unda Caabaros maswavleblis sasertifikacio gamocda, raTa moipovos maswavleblobis ufleba), sistemaSi arasertificirebuli maswavleblebis wili sakmaod maRali iqneba.

4. ZiriTadi mignebebi
adgilobrivi kvlevebi
procesis Seswavlis mizniT, TviTon maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnulma centrma Seiswavla arsebuli situacia. misi dakveTiT, 2012 wels socialuri kvlevisa da analizis centrma Caatara kvleva `maswavlebelTa

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arsebuli nakadis kvleva10. Catarebuli kvleva saintereso informacias iZleva maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebisa da arsebuli servisebis mimarT maTi damokidebulebebis Sesaxeb. kvleva imiTaa saintereso, rom iZleva 2008 wels Catarebuli amave Sinaarsis kvlevis Sedegebis SedarebiTi analizis saSualebas. qvemoT mocemuli cxrili aRwers maswavleblebis molodins sasertifikaco gamocdis Cabarebis sakiTxze. Semcirebulia im maswavleblebis raodenoba, romlebic Tvlian, rom kvalifikaciidan gamomdinare, uproblemod Caabareben sasertifikacio gamocdas. ufro met maswavlebels surs seriozuli damatebiTi momzadeba.

10 http://www.tpdc.ge/uploads/pdf_documents/Report%20(TCH)%20Finalrevised%20(February%2015).pdf

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gamokiTxuli maswavleblebis 86. 3% aRniSnavs, rom eswreboda maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centris treningebs, xolo 40% _ provaideri organizaciis mier Catarebul treningebs. treningebis Sefasebebi orive SemTxvevaSi TiTqmis erTnairia.

kvlevis angariSSi naTqvamia, rom `pedagogTa umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom unda arsebobdes treningebis uzrunvelmyofi sxvadasxva damoukidebeli provaideris arCevis SesaZlebloba. maTi azriT, es treningebis xarisxs gaaumjobesebs; amis sapirispirod, 27% Tvlis, rom treningebi unda iyos mxolod centralizebuli. es miuTiTebs imaze, rom pedagogebi profesiuli treningebis decentralizacias ufro uWeren mxars.

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maswavleblis uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefciaSi, romelic SemuSavda ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisiis farglebSi (xelmZRvaneli gia dvali) naTqvamia: `uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis sistemis moqnilobisa da efeqturobisaTvis saukeTeso saSualebaa damoukidebeli, TviTregulirebadi profesiuli asociaciebis saqmianoba. erTi mxriv, aseTi asociaciebi aris profesiaSi warmatebulTa gamovlenis saSualeba, xolo meore mxriv, profesiaSi myofi adamianebis mier erTmaneTis ganviTarebaze zrunvisa da jansaRi konkurenciis xelSewyobis gamocdili SesaZlebloba. decentralizaciis farglebSi unda Seicvalos maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis dafinansebis modeli da ganisazRvros TiToeul maswavlebelze gamosayofi Tanxa, romelsac is konkurentunarian bazarze gamoiyenebs

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da gaakeTebs arCevans misTvis saintereso momsaxurebis sasargeblod. aRniSnuli dafinansebis modeli xels Seuwyobs profesiuli asociaciebis efeqtianad saqmianobas. maTi saqmianobis xarisxis uzrunvelsayofad programuli akreditaciis gavla iqneba savaldebulo11. fokusjgufebi: samoqalaqo ganviTarebis institutis mier Catarda fokusjgufebi TelavSi, marneulSi, baTumSi, ambrolaursa da TbilisSi. Catarebul fokusjgufebSi gamoikveTa Semdegi mosazrebebi maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebis maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTrebis programebis gavlenisa da xelmisawvdomobis Sesaxeb. fokusjgufSi monawile maswavleblebs monawileoba aqvT miRebuli treningebSi. maTTvis treningebSi monawileobis mizani iyo gamocdis Cabareba. mxolod erTxel aRniSnes, rom monawileoba miiRes kreditebis mogrovebis mizniT. maswavleblebi Tvlian, rom maT treningis arCevis saSualeba ar aqvT, aRniSnes, rom arCevanis saSualeba 2009-2010 wlebSi hqondaT. saxelmwifo da arasaxelmwifo organizaciebis mier Catarebul treningebs Soris ZiriTadi gansxvaveba isaa, rom saxelwifo organizaciis mier Catarebuli treningebi _ gamocdebis Cabarebazea orientirebuli, xolo arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier Catarebuli treningebi konkretuli programis saWiroebebze. arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier Catarebul treningebze rigdeba saxelmZRvaneloebi, rodesac maswavlebeli monawileobs arasamTavrobo organizaciis mier organizebul treningebze, es misi keTili nebaa da, rig SemTxvevebSi, mis saWiroebasac Seesabameba. maswavleblebi Tvlian, rom treningi warmatebulia, Tu axali informacia miiRes, an gamocda Caabares, Tumca maT ar ician, ra trening-programebi arsebobs da ramdenad mravalferovani da xarisxiania treningebi. isini maswavleblis saxlis treningebis Sesaxeb infor11 http://liberali.ge/ge/liberali/articles/113580/

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macias iReben skolis administraciisgan. Tumca, treningze daregistrirebis SemTxvevaSi, uimedod elodebian treningze gamoZaxebas. aRniSnaven, rom ramdenime wlis win arsebobda sainformacio bukleti, sadac mocemuli iyo informacia yvela trening-programze. fokus-jgufebis monawileebi Tanxmdebian, rom iyeneben treningze miRebul codnas, Tumca klasSi moswavleTa raodenoba (Tbilisi, Telavi, baTumi) da enobrivi barieri (marneuli) xels uSlis am procesis efeqtianobas. isini aseve aRniSnaven, rom mcire xelfasis gamo aqvT kerZo praqtika, ris gamoc mcire dro rCebaT praqtikis gaumjobesebisTvis. monawileebs aseve SesaZlebloba hqondaT, epasuxaT daskvniTi kiTxvisTvis: Tu geqnebodaT erTi wuTi parlamentis wevrebTan Sesaxvedrad, ras urCevdiT maT? saxelmwifom misces fuli skolebs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebisTvis. msmenelebma ZiriTadi aqcenti dasves sertificirebis procesze; yvelam erTxmad gamoTqva azri, rom saWiro ar aris maswavlebelTa gamocda, romelic did verafers zomavs da ar cvlis maswavleblis mier Catarebuli gakveTilis xarisxs. meti aqcenti unda gadavides maswavlebelTa profesiul ganviTarebaze. Sefaseba unda moxdes procesze dakvirvebiT, skolis maswavlebelTa CarTulobiT. treningebi da kursebi ar unda iyos mxolod gamocdebis mosamzadeblad 4 weliwadSi erTxel, is unda iyos uwyveti da saWiroebebze morgebuli. iqve SeiZleba testirebis Catareba da Sedegebis garkveva. meti yuradReba maswavleblebs da arCevanis saSualebis micema. problemaa skolis materialur-teqnikuri bazis gaumarTaoba. didi problemaa is, rom adgilze ar tardeba sagno-

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brivi treningebi da TviTon ver axerxeben TbilisSi siaruls. mniSvenlovania saaTobrivi datvirTvis Semcireba da xelfasis gamoTvlisas samuSao staJis gaTvaliswineba. msmenelebma ZiriTadi aqcenti dasves azebaijanuli saxelmZRvaneloebisa da Sesabamisi resursebis arqonaze. problemaa skolis materialur-teqnikuri bazis gau marTaobaze. iTqva rom saxelmZRvaneloebi cudadaa naTargmni da istoria-geografiis saxelmZRvaneloSi aris Secdomebi

monawileebma aseve aRniSnes, rom mTavari problema dRes aris maswavleblis dabali xelfasi, motivaciis nakleboba, sazogadoebisa da Temis saskolo cxovrebisadmi inertuloba, saskolo saxelmZRvaneloebi, dabali xelfasi da maswavleblis statusi.

5.daskvnebi
maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis servisebis miwodebaSi 2009 wlidan dRemde ganxorcielebulma cvlilebebma: ver Secvala sasertifikacio gamocdebze maswavlebelTa Sedegebi; ver gaaujobesa swavla-swavlebis mdgomareoba da rig SemTxvevebSi treningebis xelmisawvdomobis sakiTxi kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayena. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis centralizebulma miwodebam SezRuda trening-programebis mravalferovneba; gazarda maswavleblebis arainformirebuloba. isini ar floben informacias arsebuli trening-progr-

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amebis miznebisa da amocanebis Sesaxeb. saxelmwifoSi dRes arsebuli servisebi mimdinareobs xarisxis kontrolis gareSe, centralizaciam araqmedunariani gaxada sakanonmdeblo regulaciebi programebis akreditaciis Sesaxeb.

6. danarTi
fokusjgufis diskusiis gegma
1. monawileebTan komunikacia diskusiis dawyebamde moderatoris wardgena kvlevis miznebis wardgena mizani: samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti atarebs kvlevas maswavlebelTa uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis servisebis decentralizaciis Sesaxeb. fokusjgufebis Sedegebi gamoqveyndeba kvlevaSi monawile pirebis identificirebis gareSe. monawileebis SerCevisas gaviTvaliswineT maTi gamocdileba. gvainteresebs is gavlena, rac maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebma moutana skolebsa da piradad maT. miTiTebebi diskusiaSi monawileebisTvis: ar arsebobs swori an mcdari pasuxebi, kvlevisTvis sainteresoa sxvadasxva Sexeduleba, diskusias aq gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis ukeT gaazrebis mizniT CaviwerT. dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis rigiToba unda iyos daculi, aucilebeli araa, daeTanxmoT diskusiaSi monawile maswavleblebis mosazrebebs, yvela mosazreba sainteresoa. SeniSvna: mobiluri telefonebi gamorTulia.

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moderatori ar monawileobs diskusiaSi, is svams kiTxvebs.

2. ZiriTadi kiTxvebi (kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemisas monawileebs sTxoveT moiyvanon magaliTebi, moyvnen ambebs): 1. ras fiqrobT maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis trening-programebis Sesaxeb? migiRiaT monawileoba? sad Catarda treningi da vis mier? 2. ra mizniT mixvediT treningze (ra iyo mizani: praqtikis gaumjobeseba, gamocdis Cabareba, Tu skolis direqtoris davaleba da sxva)? 3. ramdenad mravalferovani arCevanis saSualeba gqondaT? SegiZliaT gaixsenoT, ra da ra trenings Soris gaakeTeT arCevani? ratom? 4. ra gansxvavebaa saxelmwifos mier dafinansebul treningebsa da sxva organizaciis mier Catarebul treningebs Soris? ratom eswrebiT saxelmwifos mier Catarebul treningebs? ratom eswrebiT sxva organizaciis mier Catarebul treningebs? 5. ratom TvliT, rom esa Tu is treningi warmatebuli iyo? ras niSnavs TqvenTvis warmatebuli treningi? (hkiTxeT monawileebs mosazrebebi: a) treningis Catarebis adgilze, moxerxebulia, skolidan moSorebul adgilas mimdinareobs. b)treningis Sinaarsze, Seesabameba Tu ara is mis saWiroebebs; treningis daswrebamde icnobda treningis Sinaarss? rogor Seityo treningis Sesaxeb, SeeZlo Tu ara sxva Tematikis treningis SerCeva, ramdenad xelmisawvdomia treningebis Sesaxeb informacia maTTvis? 6. aris Tu ara waxalisebuli treningi skolis administraciis mier? rogor SearCieT satreningo Tematika? 7. rogor gamoiyeneT treningze Seswavlili masala saswavlo procesSi? ramdenad mravalferovania arCevani? xdeba Tu ara adgilze axali midgomebis danergva? rogor xdeba? Tu ar xdeba, ras fiqrobT, ra

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SesaZleblobebi aqvs skolas, rom siaxleebi danergos, skolis saWiroebidan gamomdinare? 3. daskvniTi kiTxva am kiTxvam monawileebs saSualeba unda misces, gaiazron diskusia da SemogvTavazon pozicia an Sexeduleba sakiTxis Sesaxeb, rac mniSvnelovania mkvlevarebisTvis. saSualeba mivceT, gaiazron damokidebuleba kvlevis miznebTan dakavSirebiT. Tu geqnebodaT erTi wuTi parlamentis wevrebTan Sesaxvedrad, ras urCevdiT maT? an dRes ganxiluli sakiTxebidan ra aris yvelaze mniSvnelovani? 4. Semajamebeli kiTxva diskusiis mokle Sejamebis Semdeg moderatori svams kiTxvas: adekvaturad SevajameT dRevandeli Sexvedra? 5. saboloo kiTxva moderatori monawileebs kvlav axsenebs diskusiis mizans da ekiTxeba: raime xom ar gamogvrCa?

7. gamoyenebuli literatura
1. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis akreditaciis debuleba, 2009; 2. akreditebuli saganmanaTleblo programebis CamonaTvali http://ganatleba.ge/upload/text/geo/1252823135_02%20 akreditebuli%20trening-programebis%20CamonaTvali%281%29. pdf, nanaxia 2013 wlis 29 ivniss; 3. kanoni `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~, 2005;

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4. profesiuli ganviTarebis dafinansebis vauCerebis administrirebisa da gamoyenebis instruqciebi sajaro skolebis direqtorebisa da maswavleblebisaTvis http:// ganatleba.ge/upload/text/geo/1252823218_instruqciebi%20maswavleblebisaTvis%20vauCeris%20misaRebad.pdf nanaxia 2013 wlis 29 ivniss; 5. maswavlebelTa mosalodneli nakadi, kvleva, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti, 2008; 6. maswavlebelTa mosalodneli nakadi, kvleva, socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti, 2012; 7. maswavlebelTa uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saxelmwifo komisia, 2013; 8. usafrTxo skola sazogadoebis Tanamonawileobis gareSe, samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti, gza decentralizaciidan centralizaciamde, giorgi mSvenieraZe, 2011; 9. Teacher Competences and Qualifications, 2010, European Commission http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/2010/doc/principles_ en.pdf, nanaxia 2013 wlis 25 maiss

kvleva Catarda vestminsteris demokratiis fondis programis `arasamTavrobo seqtorsa da saqaTvelos parlaments Soris sajaro politikaze dialogis gaumjobeseba farglebSi.

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maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia

ganaTlebis da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisia
zogadi ganaTlebis reformis samuSao jgufi irina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, marika kapanaZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, manana ratiani.

reziume
am dokumentis mizania ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis erTian, integrirebul sistemaSi zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolis maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiaSi Sesvlisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis xedvis gaziareba ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis sistemis reformis erTian strategiaSi. migvaCnia, rom saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleblo sistemis gaumjobeseba, upirveles yovlisa, ukavSirdeba maswavlebels da mis kvalifikacias. maswavlebeli ganapirobebs skolis efeqtianobas, warmarTavs saswavlo process da pasuxusmgebelia moswavlis mier erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gansazRvruli Sedegebis miRwevaze. profesionali maswavleblis deficiti zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebis mTavari problemaa. arsebul deficits sxvadasxva faqtori uwyobs xels. maswavleblis profesia kvlav araprestiJuli da dabalanazRaurebadia. arsebuli sistema ar iZleva karieruli zrdis SesaZleblobebs. profesiaSi myofi adamianebi orientirebulni arian maswavleblis statusis SenarCunebaze da ara profesiul ganviTarebaze, xolo axalgazrda potenciur kadrebs ar aqvT motivacia, TavianT profesiad maswavlebloba airCion.

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am problemebis gadasaWrelad saWiroa maswavlebelTa profesiis prestiJis amaRleba da moqmedi da momavali maswavleblebis motivaciis zrda. es SesaZlebelia ganxorcieldes ori midgomiT. 1. universaluri midgoma exeba yvela maswavlebels da gulisxmobs: aRmavali karieruli kibis (pozitiuri diferenciali) principebis danergvas. aRniSnuli principi niSnavs maswavleblebis motivaciis zrdas da waxalisebas profesiuli ganviTarebisaken. sistema xels uwyobs maswavlebels karierul kibeze aRmasvlaSi, sadac mas yovel zeda safexurze garantirebuli aqvs ukeTesi pirobebi karieruli zrdis SesaZleblobas, rac maswavlebelTa realur miRwevebs efuZneba da gamoixateba socialur-ekonomikuri statusis gaumjobesebaSi, maT Soris, gonivrul samuSao datvirTvasa da adekvatur xelfasSi profesiuli ganviTarebis mravalferovan SesaZlebloba (treningi, seminarebi, saxelmZRvaneloebi, saswavlo resursebi d.a.S.) maswavleblis mosamzadebeli sauniversiteto programebis Tvisebriv gaujobesebas.

2. diferencirebuli midgoma gulisxmobs gansakuTrebiT warmatebul maswavlebelTa gamovlenasa da waxalisebas: gansakuTrebuli profesiuli miRwevebis mqone maswavlebleblebsa da lider maswavleblebs mieniWebaT Sesabamisi statusi (mag. gamorCeuli maswavleblis sertifikati) Sesabamisi statusis mqone maswavleblebs saSualeba eZlevaT, aqtiuri monawileoba miiRon maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis procesSi (maswavlebelTa

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treneri, mentori da sxva) saswavlo procesTan mimarTebaSi maswavleblis akademiuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi kavSirSia mis statusTan sistemaSi profesionali maswavleblebis raodenobis zrdisa da swavla-swavlebis efeqtianobis gazrdis mizniT, mniSvnelovania gadaixedos saskolo garemo da daigegmos misi reformirebisTvis saWiro programebi. xeli unda Seewyos saintereso iniciativebs, inovaciur saganmanaTleblo proeqtebs. zemoT xsenebuli midgomebi uaxloes momavalSi gazrdis kvalificiuri kadrebis mxridan maswavleblobaze moTxovnas. koncefciaSi mocemuli saganmanaTleblo politika iTvaliswinebs maswavleblis profesiaSi Sesvlis msurvelTa gamovlenas, sxvadasxva meqanizmiT pedagogiuri kompetenciis zrdasa da kvalifikaciis dadasturebis mravalmxrivi gzebis arsebobas. profesiaSi Sesvlis SesaZleba eZlevaT: 1. maswavleblobis maZieblebs (bakalavris akademiuri xarisxis mqone pirebs); 2. mecnier-mkvlevarebs; 3. specialuri saxelwifo saganmanaTleblo programebis monawileebs; 4. dargobriv specialistebs. warmodgenili koncefciis mixedviT, skolaSi swavlaswavlebis procesis gaumjobesebis safuZvelia skolaSi maRalkvalificiuri, motivirebuli kadrebis mozidva da waxaliseba. rac SesaZlebelia miRweul iqnas Semdegi principebis dacviT: profesiaSi Sesvlis waxaliseba xdeba maRali profesiuli standartis pirobebSi;

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 maswavleblis akademiuri Tavisufleba ukavSirdeba mis kompetencias; maswavleblis xelfasis zrda xdeba kvalifikaciisa da qveynis mTliani Sida produqtis (mSp) gaTvaliswinebiT; inergeba zogadi da umaRlesi ganaTlebis, aseve, mecnierebis safexurebis efeqturi TanamSromlobis konkretuli meqanizmebi; maswavleblis kompetenciis Sefaseba xdeba mravalmxrivi midgomiT. zogadi ganaTlebis reformis samuSao jgufi aseve muSaobs zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis marTvis koncefciaze, romelic efuZneba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebas. aqac gamoyenebuli iqneba rogorc universaluri, aseve diferencirebuli midgomebi. erTi mxriv, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebi unda akmayofilebdnen swavla-swavlebisaTvis Sesaferis stantartebs. meore mxriv, iqmneba warCinebul skolaTa jgufi (excellence cluster), romlis wevrebic sargebloben damoukideblobis meti xarisxiT. swored amgvari diversificirebuli midgoma uzrunvelyofs saganmanaTleblo standartebis erTgvarovnebas, amavdroulad, ganviTarebisaTvis waaxalisebs skolebs, gaxdnen warCinebul skolaTa jgufis wevrebi.

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maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefcia

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis reformis saxelmwifo komisia
sainiciativo jgufi: gia dvali, daviT lorTqifaniZe, vaJa bereJiani, zaza kokaia zogadsaganmanaTleblo mimarTulebis samuSao jgufi: irina abulaZe, ia anTaZe, giorgi gaxelaZe, sofio gorgoZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, manana ratiani. maswavlebelTa momzadebis, profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis koncefciis SemuSavebaSi monawileoba miiRo simon janaSiam, romelsac samuSao jgufi madlobas uxdis gaweuli SromisTvis. samuSao jgufi, agreTve, madlobas uxdis marika kapanaZes komentarebisTvis.

2013 weli, 9 ianvari

1. saqarTveloSi maswavleblis profesiis mdgomareobis mimoxilva

SemoTavazebuli mimoxilva emyareba saqarTveloSi adgilobrivi Tu saerTaSoriso kvlevebis Sedegebs da statistikur monacemebs. maswavlebelTa saWiro da mosalodneli raodenobis kvleva1, (maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri, 2008):

1 http://www.issa-georgia.com/sites/issa/files/uploads/attachments/maswavlebeli.pdf

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maswavleblebis deficiti: kvlevis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, 2018 wlisaTvis qveyanaSi saWiro iqneba 20 000 mde axali maswavleblis momzadeba, im daSvebiT, rom arsebuli kontingenti datovebs samsaxurs mxolod sapensio asakis miRwevisas; amave dokumentis mixedviT, Tu TbilisSi maswavlebelTa raodenoba saWiroze metia, regionebi ganicdian maswavlebelTa mkveTr deficits. ramdenime saganSi katastrofuli mdgomareobaa (musika, fizikuri aRzrda, samoqalaqo ganaTleba, xelovneba, dawyebiTi klasebis pedagogi), aseve, arasaxarbielo mdgomareobaa sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebis pedagogebis naklebobis mxrivac.2 maswavleblebis sqesobriv-asakobrivi Tanafardobis, sertificirebul maswavlebelTa raodenobis Sesaxeb 2012 wlis monacemebi (wyaro: ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemis veb-gverdi: www.emis.ge): sul saqarTveloSi kerZo da sajaro skolebSi 69828 maswavlebelia3. asakobrivi gadanawileba aseTia:
maswavleblebis gadanawileba asakis mixedviT asakobrivi jgufebi raodenoba asakobrivi jgufebis wili saerTo raodenobaSi 20 welze naklebi 24 0.003% 20-30 7057 10.10% 30-40 16410 23.50% 40-50 17756 25.43% 50-sapensio1 sapensio 18084 25.90% 10497 15.03%

dedaqalaqsa da regionebSi 50 wlis da meti asakis maswavleblebis yvelaze didi jgufia, xolo naklebasakiani jgufebis raodenoba ufro da ufro mcirdeba. maswavleblebis asakobrivi Tanafardobis Sesaxeb arsebuli monace2 SeniSvna: maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier welsac tardeba analogiuri kvleva raodenobrivi deficitis dasazusteblad, rac konkretuli rekomendaciebis SemuSavebis saSualebas, monacemebis dinamikaSi analizisa da Sefasebis SesaZleblobas mogvcems. 3 http://catalog.edu.ge/index.php?module=statistics&page=statistics&item_ id=43 (nanaxia 2012 wlis 16 noembers)

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mebi gulisxmobs, rom es profesia axalgazrdebisTvis ar aris mimzidveli. 2008 wels maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris dakveTiT ganaTlebis politikis, daegegmvis da marTvis saerTaSoriso institutma Caatara maswavlebelTa arsebuli nakadis kvleva. aRniSnuli monacemebiT irkveva, rom 2008 wels momuSave maswavlebelTa 67%-ma SeiZleba profesia datovos ukeTesi SemoTavazebis pirobebSi; maTTvis skolaSi darCenis motivacia 700 lariani anazRaureba SeiZleba gaxdes. skolaSi darCenisTvis minimaluri anazRaurebisa da sxva samsaxurSi gadasvlisTvis sakmarisi anazRaurebis monacemebi warmodgenilia finansuri intervalebis saxiT.
diagrama 1

SeniSvnebi: 1. wiTel svetebSi mocemulia im maswavlebelTa procentuli raodenobebi, romlebmac SekiTxvaze: ra aris is minimaluri anazRaureba, romelic TqvenTvis iqneboda

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skolaSi maswavleblad darCenis sakmarisi piroba? _ daasaxeles gansazRvruli Tanxa (aseTia maswavlebelTa saerTo SerCevis 67%). 2. lurj svetebSi im maswavlebelTa raodenoba, romlebmac gansazRvruli Tanxa daasaxeles skolaSi darCenisTvis, warmodgenilia rogorc calke erToblioba (100%) da pasuxebi gadanawilebulia am erTobliobis SigniT. 2006 wels damtkicda maswavleblis momzadebisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis koncefcia4 (saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba N29 09 Tebervali, 2006). momzadebuli dokumentis mixedviT, maswavleblobis uflebis mopoveba SeeZloT ganaTlebis bakalavrebsa da ganaTlebis magistrebs skolaSi erTwliani gamosacdeli periodisa (mentor-maZiebloba) da sasertifikacio gamocdis warmatebiT Cabarebis Semdeg. ganaTlebis bakalavrebs mxolod dawyebiT klasebSi swavlebis ufleba hqondaT, xolo ganaTlebis magistrebs - dawyebiT, sabazo da saSualo safexurebze. am mosazrebis ukugdeba maleve gaxda saWiro, radgan magistraturaSi ar swavlobs im raodenobiT maswavleblobis msurveli, ramdenis saWiroebacaa. amdenad, Semdeg wlebSi bakalavriatdamTavrebulebsac miecaT maswavleblobis ufleba, Tumca, maT mentor-maZieblis programa unda gaevloT, an erTwliani samuSao staJi daegrovebinaT, rom SeZlebodaT sasertifikacio gamocdaze gasvla. zemoT xsenebuli mentor-maZieblobis programis gavla an erTwliani maswavleblad muSaobis staJi 2007 wels kanonSi Sesuli cvlilebebis mixedviT moeTxoveboda maswavleblobis yvela msurvels sasertifikacio gamocdaze gasvlamde. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri winaswar SerCeul mentorebTan (gamocdil maswavleblebTan, romlebmac SerCevis etapi da specialuri mosamzadebe4 http://www.government.gov.ge/index.php?lang_id=E&sec_id=96&info_ id=26492

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li programa gaiares) erT an ramdenime maZiebels (maswavleblobis msurvels) miavlendnen. mentorebis da maZieblebis saqmianobas koordinacias, monitoringsa da kontrols uwevda maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri. gegmis mixedviT, 2014 wlamde maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrs unda uzrunveleyo, rom yvela skolas hyoloda specialurad momzadebuli mentori, raTa maT SeZlebodaT maZieblebis miReba. mentor-maZieblobis programis mcire masStabebis gamo, igi profesiaSi Sesvlis barierad iqca, vinaidan yvela skolas ar hyavda mentori da ar SeeZlo mieRo maZieblobis msurveli. Sesabamisad, am problemis daregulirebis mcdeloba iyo axali sakanonmdeblo cvlileba 2012 wels, romlis mixedviTac yvela umaRlesdamTavrebul bakalavrs profesiaSi Sesvlis ufleba mieca maZieblobis gavlis gareSe. mas Semdeg, rac maswavleblebi iwyeben muSaobas, mniSvnelovania maTi mxardaWera adgilze. kvlevebi uCvenebs, rom maswavleblebis didi nawili pirvelive wlebSi tovebs samsaxurs, Tu ar aqvs Sesabamisi mxardaWera. mentor-maZieblobis programa iZleva saSualebas, rom maswavleblebma TavianTi Teoriuli codnis praqtikaSi realizeba moaxdinon, SeZlon skolis klimatTan adaptireba, ar gauneldeT Semdgomi zrdisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis motivacia. 2008 wels SemuSavda da damtkicda maswavleblis profesiuli5 da sagnobrivi standarti6, romelmac axali moTxovnebis winaSe daayena rogorc maswavlebeli, aseve umaRlesi saswavleblebi. standartiT moTxovnil codnasa da unarebTan Sesabamisoba maswavlebelma sasertifikacio gamocdaze unda daadasturos. sasertifikacio gamocdaze maswavlebelTa profesiuli standartiT gaTvaliswinebuli codnisa da unarebis dadastureba arcTu martivi aRmoCnda.
5 http://tpdc.ge/?action=page&p_id=100&lang=geo 6 http://tpdc.ge/?action=page&p_id=109&lang=geo

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dReisTvis maswavlebelTa saerTo da sertificirebulTa raodenoba mocemulia cxrilSi:

sul maswavleblebi m.S. sertificirebulebi 8606 sertificirebulebi mamr. 394 sertificirebulebi mdedr. 8212

69828

(wyaro: ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistema http://catalog.edu.ge/index.php?module=statistics&page=statistics&item_id=38) arsebuli statistikis Tanaxmad, sami wlis ganmavlobaSi (2010-2012 ww), 69828 pedagogidan sertificirebulia 8606 (14.38%) pedagogi. am tendenciis mixedviT, saeWvoa, rom 2015 wlis 1 ianvramde maswavleblebis sruli kontingenti iyos sertificirebuli. kanoni ki 2015 wlis ianvridan maswavleblobis uflebisaTvis maswavleblebs avaldebulebs, iyvnen sertificirebulebi. aseve, am mosazrebas amyarebs is realoba, rom sasertifikacio gamocdebi tardeba weliwadSi erTxel, darCenilia mxolod 2 sagamocdo cikli. am etapze, xarisxiani swavlebis TvalsazrisiT, bevri problemaa7, maT Soris: moqmedi maswavleblebis dabali motivacia da dabali kompetenciebi8; maswavlebelTa raodenoba da asakobrivi Tanafardoba; maswavleblis profesiis araprestiJuloba; erTiani saazrovno sivrcis ararseboba;
7 sasurvelia, daigegmos kvleva im problemebis Sesaswavlad, rac aferxebs xarisxian swavla-swavlebis process. aq moyvanili problemebi mxolod gamocdilebis, ucxouri kvlevebis da qarTuli kvlevebis im nawilidanaa amoRebuli, romlebic xarisxian swavlebas iribad exeba. 8 sertificirebuli maswavleblebis raodenobisa da maswav leblebis saerTo raodenobis Tanafardoba.

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 maswavleblis socialuri daucveloba; sauniversiteto doneze maswavleblis mosamzadebeli programebis araprestiJuloba, xarisxi da saxelmwifosgan naklebi mxardaWera; repetitorobis instituti; profesiaSi ararseboba; karieruli zrdis SesaZleblobebis

skolis doneze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis naklebi mxardaWera; saganmanaTleblo resursebis simwire. saqarTveloSi swavla-swavlebis procesis gaumjobesebisa da zemoT moyvanili sirTuleebis daZlevis mizniT, aucilebelia, gadaixedos pedagogebis rekrutirebis, sauniversiteto momzadebis, kvalifikaciis miniWebis, profesiaSi Sesvlis, uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karieruli zrdis procesi. aseve, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces skolebSi xarisxis marTvas9.

2. maswavlebelTa rekrutireba
profesionali maswavleblebis deficitis Sesavsebad mniSvnelovania profesiis popularizacia. aRniSnuli gulisxmobs im saxelmwifo programebis gaZlierebas, romlebic mimarTulia saukeTeso kadrebis mozidvisa da SenarCunebisken. sxvadasxva qveynis warmatebuli ganaTlebis sistemebis kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom mxolod ganaTlebis sistemis dafinansebis zrda, klasSi moswavleTa raodenobis Semcireba da maswavlebelTa xelfasis gazrda umniSvnelo gavlenas axdens moswavleTa miRwevebze. samwlian perspeqtivaSi moswavleTa miRwevebi mniSvnelovnad izrdeba
9 skolaSi xarisxis marTvis komponenti aRwerili iqneba dokumentSi, romelzec mimdinareobs muSaoba da uaxloes momavalSi gamoqveyndeba.

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iq, sadac ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba pedagogis profesiaSi motivirebuli, maRali moswrebis kursdamTavrebulTa mozidvasa da maT Semdgom ganviTarebaze (mag: samxreT korea pedagogis profesiaSi moizidavs skolis kursdamTavrebulebis saukeTeso 5 %-s warmomadgenlebs, fineTi - saukeTesoTa 10 %-s, xolo singapuri da hong kongi saukeTeso - 30 %-s). 10 Sesabamisad, profesiis prestiJis gazrda unda moxdes. a) maswavleblis mosamzadebeli programebis xarisxis gazrdiT da programebze miRebis mkacri kriteriumebis dawesebiT. Tumca, meore mxriv, arsebobs imis saSiSroeba, rom miRebis kriteriumebis gamkacrebasTan erTad, SeiZleba pirvel etapze Semcirdes maswavleblobis msurvelTa ricxvi. am riskis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, SesaZlebelia, pirvel etapze aqcenti gakeTdes ara mxolod im abiturientebze, romelTac saukeTeso qulebi daagroves erovnul gamocdebze, aramed universitetebis mier ganisazrRvros damatebiTi SerCevis kriteriumebi (mag: interviuebi, samotivacio werilebi da sxv) da amis safuZvelze gamovlindnen motivirebuli kadrebi. SerCeuli kontingentis maRali xarisxis sauniversiteto ganaTlebaze xelmisawvdomoba ki saxelmwifos specialuri zrunvis sagani unda iyos. b) maswavleblad muSaobis dawyebis procesi skolebSi unda warimarTos gamWvirvaled da kompleqsurad. TiToeuli skolis farlebSi maswavlebli unda gadiodes konkurss, romelic gulisxmobs rogorc sabuTebis ganxilvas, ise gasaubrebas. amavdroulad, rekrutirebis kampaniebSi mniSvnelovania saxelmwifo programebis roli11.
10 http://www.education.gov.uk/inthenews/inthenews/a0078044/governmentsets-out-plans-to-attract-the-best-graduates-into-teaching  saqarTveloSi 2009 wlidan moqmedebs maswavlebelTa rekrutirebis saxelmwifo programebi `aswavle saqarTvelosTvis, viswavloT qarTuli, rogorc meore ena da qarTuli ena

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g) maswavleblebis anazRaurebis minimumi (arasertificirebulis) erT maswavlebelze sasurvelia Seadgendes mSp-s 100%-mde erT sul mosaxleze (weliwadSi 3098 dolaria)12 2014 wlidan. mSp-ze xelfasis mibma uzrunvelyofs xelfasis zrdas ekonomikis zrdis paralelurad. am da Semdegi punqtis gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa saskolo dafinansebis biujetis zrda. maswavleblebisTvis xelfasis zrdis uzrunvelyofa daaxloebiT 20 wlis perspeqtivaSi unda iyos cnobili da mibmuli iyos mSp-s. d) xelfasis zrda unda iyos SesaZlebeli maswavleblis statusis amaRlebiT, karierul kibeze misi winsvliT, romelic unda asaxavdes misi kompetenciebis zrdas da mibmuli ar unda iyos maswavleblad muSaobis xangrZlivobaze. mravali kvleviT dasturdeba, rom maswavleblad muSaobis xangrZlivoba ar gulisxmobs kompetenciebis aucilebel zrdas. gansakuTrebiT warCinebul maswavlebelTaTvis unda Seiqmnas gansakuTrebuli socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebi. e) profesiuli asociaciebis daarsebis, gaZlierebisa da funqcionirebis dawyebis xelSewyoba. aseve mniSvnelovania am asociaciebis farglebSi konferenciebis, publikaciebis, konkursebisa da profesiuli standartebis ganviTarebis mxardaWera. amis gakeTeba sasurvelia sagranto programebiT. z) maswavleblis profesiis prestiJis gazrdas mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels maswavleblebis samuSao pirobebze zrunva, rac aseve umniSvnelovanesia moqmedi maswavleblis uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis uzrunvelsayofad (am kuTxiT gasatarebeli RonisZebebi ixileT dokumentis uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis nawilSi)

momavali warmatebisTvis. 12 http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Asia/Georgia/gdp-per-capita

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3. sauniversiteto momzadeba
2012 wlisaTvis akreditebul umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTagan cxra universiteti sTavazobs abiturientebs ganaTlebaSi (maT Soris, dawyebiTi ganaTleba, inkluziuri ganaTleba, pedagogika) sabakalavro programas. Tumca, profesiis araprestiJulobis gamo, am mimarTulebaze misaRebi kontingentis odenoba Zalian mcirea. aqve isic unda iTqvas, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi maswavleblobas im fakultetebis kursdamTavrebulebi irCeven (qimikosebi, fizikosebi da a.S), romlebsac universitetebSi ar uswavliaT swavlisa da ganviTarebis Teoriebi da sagnobrivi meTodika. specializebuli pedagogikis kursis gavlis moTxovna momavali maswavleblebisaTvis umniSvnelovanesia maRali xarisxis, moswavleze orientirebuli efeqtiani saswavlo procesisaTvis. maswavleblis mosamzadebeli umaRlesi ganaTlebis programa maswavleblobis msurvelebs profesiuli mzaobis saSualebas unda aZlevdes. studentebma unda miiRon maswavleblis profesiuli da sagnobrivi standartiT gaTvaliswinebuli codna da aRiWurvon Sesabamisi unarebiT, risTvisac aucilebelia, rom umaRlesis programebi SesabamisobaSi iyos saganmanaTleblo standartebTan ara mxolod deklarirebulad, aramed realurad. sauniversiteto programebis mTavari xarvezi Teoriis praqtikisagan mowyvetaa. mniSvnelovania, universitetebs mWidro kavSiri hqondeT skolebTan, maswavleblis momzadebis programis komponenti saskolo praqtika iyos. saskolo praqtikis qmedunarianobisa da masSi monawile maswavleblebis motivaciisTvis SesaZlebelia, amuSavdes saxelmwifo programebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs maswavleblis dafinansebas, aseve SesaZlebelia maswavlebeli am tipis saqmianobis Sedegad iRebdes kreditebs profesiuli ganviTarebis procesSi. vinaidan mentor-maswavleblebis profesiul ganviTarebaze zrunavs saxelmwifo, SesaZlebelia, studentebi praqtikas maTTan gadiodnen.

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yvela qvemoT aRwerili sauniversiteto programis saganmanaTleblo standartebTan Sesabamisoba unda dadasturdes ara mxolod universitetebis Sida, xarisxis marTvis samsaxurebis mier, aramed ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebisa da maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centrebis Sesabamisi samsaxurebis mier. umaRles saswavleblebSi maswavleblobis kvalifikaciis miReba SesaZlebelia: a) maswavleblebis momzadebis procesSi 60 kreditiani modulis safuZvelze, romelic iTvaliswinebs maswavleblis profesiuli standartis zogadi sakiTxebis swavlebas. meti moqnilobisTvis SesaZlebelia universitetebSi waxalisdes/ganviTardes 60 kreditiani programis: integrireba bakalavriatSi (3+1), gavla bakalavris xarisxis aRebis Semdeg (4+1), gavla magistraturis farglebSi (4+1+1).

4. kvalifikaciis miniWeba
dRes nebismier umaRlesdamTavrebuls SeuZlia Caabaros sasertifikacio gamocda da moipovos maswavleblobis ufleba. vfiqrobT, es iniciativa unda modificirdes imgvarad, rom erTwliani (60 kreditiani) maswavleblis momzadebis programa savaldebulo gaxdes. mxolod am kursis gavlis Semdeg unda mieceT sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabarebisa da maswavleblis uflebis mopovebis saSualeba im adamianebs, romlebic saskolo sagnebis relevantur specialobebze swavlobdnen bakalavriatSi. cireba amJamad moiazrebs mxolod sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabarebas, Tumca mniSvnelovania, rom momavalSi (2015 wlidan) sertificirebis komponentebi iyos gasaubreba da maswavleblis portfolios Semowmeba. maswavleblis portfolioSi Seva mentor-maZieblobis dros dagrovili namuSevrebi, an skolaSi praqtikasTan dakavSirebuli gamocdilebis dokumentacia. namuSevrebTan erTad unda

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iyos maswavleblis mier Catarebuli ramdenime gakveTilis videomasala. interviuebi da portfolios Semowmeba unda moxdes ganaTlebis eqspertebis mier, rasac organizebas gauwevs maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri. 2015 wlamde mizanSewonilad ar migvaCnia am cvlilebebis Setana, raTa arsebuli sertificirebis wesiT am procesSi yvela maswavlebeli Tanaswor pirobebSi iyos Cayenebuli da maT winaswar hqondeT informacia mosalodnel cvlilebebze, rac siaxleebisadmi maT mzaobas aamaRlebs. xolo rac Seexeba im maswavleblebs, romlebic ukve sertificirebulni arian, maT karieruli kibis Semdeg safexurze gadasvlisaTvis, sxva moTxovnebTan erTad, daematebaT portfolios wardgenis moTxovna. rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, mniSvnelovania, rom arsebobdes gansakuTrebiT warmatebuli maswavleblebis waxalisebis SesaZlebloba (exmianeba pozitiuri diferencialis cnebas). magaliTad, SemoRebul iqnas gamorCeuli maswavleblis sertifikati. es sertifikati iqneba sruliad nebayoflobiTi. am statusis miniWebaze keTdeba specialuri moTxovna maswavleblis, skolis, resurs-centris, municipalitetis an sxva dainteresebuli jgufebis mier. sertifikatis miRebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebeli miiRebs garkveul sargebels (mag. miiRebs stipendias an daufinansdeba sasurveli profesiuli ganviTarebis kursi sazRvargareT). dRes am tipis sertificirebad SeiZleba moviazroT inglisurisa da kompiuteris gamocda, romlis Cabarebis SemTxvevaSi maswavleblis anazRaureba izrdeba 1000 laramde. Tumca, problema is aris, rom inglisuris da kompiuteris gamocdaze miRebuli qula realurad aranairad ar gansazRvravs, ramdenad exmareba es codna da unarebi maswavlebels klasSi, an ramdenad efeqturad iyenebs igi am unarebs swavlebis procesSi. Cven mier SemoTavazebuli sertificireba ki daeyrdnoba ara gamocdas, aramed maswavleblis gansakuTrebul miRwevebs, risi kriteriumebic konkretulad gaiwereba maswav-

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lebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centris Seqmnili komisiis mier da SeTanxmdeba dainteresebul mxareebTan. aseTi maswavleblebis kategoriaSi SeiZleba moxvdnen isini, vinc mag. 1)swavleba daiwyo gansakuTrebiT rTul klasSi da orsam weliwadSi sagrZnoblad gaaumjobesa moswavleTa miRwevebi, 2)kolegebisaTvis dawera profesiuli ganviTarebis saxelmZRvanelo kritikuli Tu SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebaze da a.S. am maswavleblis Sefaseba iqneba mravalmxrivi da aqcenti gakeTdeba klasSi misi swavlebis meTodebis efeqturobaze; garda amisa, moxdeba Semoqmedi da mkvlevari maswavleblis waxaliseba, es iniciativa ubiZgebs gansakuTrebiT karg kadrebs, romlebic Semdgomi ganviTarebis gzebs skolaSi veRar xedaven, gamoscadon TavianTi SesaZleblobebis maqsimumi (pozitiuri diferenciali). rac Seexeba arasertificirebul maswavleblebs im skolebSi, sadac gansakuTrebiT rTulia sertificirebuli maswavleblis mozidva: SesaZlebelia, amoqmeddes am problemis aRmofxvraze orientirebuli saxelmwifo programebi. am programebis farglebSi arasertificirebuli maswavleblebis kompetenciebi Sefasdeba etapobrivad (mentoris, treningprovaideris, skolis administraciis, profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier).

5. profesiaSi Sesvla
mentor-maZiebloba
mentor-maZieblobis rgolis gaZliereba mniSvnelovania, rogorc momavali maswavleblis mxardamWeri meqnizmi, rac uzrunvelyofs axalgazrda kadrebis profesiasTan adaptirebas da maTi skolidan wasvlis Sanss amcirebs. saxelmwifo pasuxismgeblobas iRebs, yvela municipalitetSi hyavdes `mentori maswavlebeli (pirvel etapze sasurvelia minimum erTi mentori mainc TiToeuli sagnobrivi jgu-

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fisTvis), rac gulisxmobs Tanamedrove codniTa da unarebiT aRWurvil gamocdil maswavlebels, romelic gamocdilebas uziarebs axalbeda maswavlebels da, Sesabamisad, mudmivad zrunavs sakuTar profesionalizmzec. am gamosacdeli periodis Semdeg maswavlebeli abarebs sasertifikacio gamocdas. mniSvnelovania, maZiebels saxelmwifo uxdides xelfass, rogorc damwyeb maswavlebels. sxva SemTxvevaSi, maZieblobis gavla CaiTvleba kidev erT barierad maswavleblis karieraSi, radgan maswavlebels realurad muSaobis dawyebisaTvis kidev erTi gamosacdeli weli emateba.

mecnier-mkvlevarebi da saxelwifo programebis monawileebi

mecnier-mkvlevarTaTvis13, romelTa specialoba erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul sagnebs Seesabameba, profesiaSi Sesvla moxdeba gaiolebuli gziT. saxelmwifo aRiarebs maT sagnobriv codnas, Sesabamisad, maT aRar eqnebaT sertificirebisas moTxovnili sagnobrivi gamocdis Cabarebis valdebuleba. Tumca, maT unda daadasturon pedagogiuri unarebis floba. es SeiZleba moxdes Semdegi sami gzidan erT-erTis arCeviT: 1. arsebuli 60 kreditiani maswavleblis mosamzadebeli programis gavliT; 2. mecnier-mkvlevarTaTvis specialurad SemuSavebuli, maT saWiroebebze morgebuli moklevadiani da intensiuri programis gavliT, sadac aqcenti gakeTdeba saswavlo gegmaze, moswavleTa asakobriv Taviseburebebze da swavlebis meTodebze; 3. profesiuli unarebs gamocdaze kvalifikaciis dadasturebiT mecnier-mkvlevarebs exsnebaT skolaSi maZieblobis moTxovna. maZieblobis programis gavlis moTxovna exsnebaT im adamianebs, romelTac gavlili aqvT Sesabamisi saxelmwifo
13 komunike, umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis koncefciis proeqti, 2012, gv 17-18

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programa, romlis farglebSic skolaSi swavleba iyo gaTvaliswinebuli (aswavle saqarTvelosTvis, qarTuli ena momavali warmatebisTvis d.a.S.14). maT sasertifikacio gamocdebze mouwevT kvalifikaciis dadastureba.

6. uwyveti profesiuli ganviTareba da karieruli zrda

kvalifikaciis amaRleba praqtikosi maswavleblisaTvis mudmivad unda iyos SesaZlebeli da aseve maswavlebels unda hqondes motivacia, gamoiyenos es SesaZlebloba. universaluri midgoma yvela maswavlebels unda aZlevdes SesaZleblobas, gaizardos profesiulad treningebis, seminarebis, masterklasebis, konferenciebis gziT da mecnierebTan TanamSromlobiT. garda amisa, unda gamovlidnen da waxalisdnen gansakuTrebuli miRwevebis mqone maswavleblebi da mieniWoT Sesabamisi statusi (mag. excellent cluster-Si dajgufeba). es iqneba diferencirebuli midgoma, romelic orientirebulia pozitivze.15 arsebuli mdgomareobiT, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri aris msxvili moTamaSe, romelic saxelmwifos mier finansdeba maswavlebelTa momzadebis da ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT. saxelmwifo centralizebuli meTodebiT ver gadis saWiro masStabebsa da xarisxze. Sesabamisad, saWiroa arsebuli modelis gadaxedva da profesiuli ganviTarebis momsaxurebis decentralizacia, raTa
14 arsebuli programebidan aseTad SegviZlia miviCnioT: aswavle saqarTvelosTvis - saqarTvelos rTul regionebSi axalgazrda, energiuli da motivirebuli specialistebis mizidva; vaswavloT qarTuli, rogorc meore ena - eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi qarTuli enis swavleba; qarTuli ena momavali warmatebisTvis - erovnuli umciresobebisTvis saxelmwifo enis swavlebis xelSewyoba, bilingvuri swavlebis danergvas.  es aseve gulisxmobs maswavleblis axlandeli universa luri standartis diferencirebas miRwevis doneebis mixedviT

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efeqturad da mizanmimarTulad moxdes maswavlebelTa momzadeba da gadamzadeba. uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebisa da karireuli zrdis sistemis moqnilobisa da efeqturobisaTvis saukeTeso saSualebaa damoukidebeli, TviTregulirebadi profesiuli asociaciebis saqmianoba. erTi mxriv, aseTi asociaciebi aris profesiaSi warmatebulTa gamovlenis, profesiaSi myofi adamianebis mier erTmaneTis ganviTarebaze zrunvisa da jansaRi konkurenciis xelSewyobis gamocdili SesaZlebloba. decentralizaciis farglebSi unda Seicvalos maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis dafinansebis modeli da ganisazRvros TiToeul maswavlebelze gamosayofi Tanxa, romelsac is konkurentunarian bazarze gamoiyenebs da gaakeTebs arCevans misTvis saintereso momsaxurebis sasargeblod. maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis centris mier saWiroebebis kvlevis, moTxovnebis analizisa da mimdinare cvlilebebidan gamomdinare, unda moxdes profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis dakveTa provaiderebisTvis (universitetebi, asociacia da sxv). unda daigegmos gansaxorciebeli intervenciebi. centri iTanamSromlebs xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnul centrTan provaiderebis mier momzadebuli profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis xarisxis Sesabamisobis dasadgenad arsebul saganmanaTleblo standartebTan. decentralizaciis procesis gardamaval etapze maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centrma SesaZloa Caataros miznobrivi treningebi arsebuli deficitis Sesavsebad. amis saWiroeba SeiZleba iyos: a) droebiT, vidre provaiderebis mier momzaddeba trening-modulebi da programebi; b) nebismier etapze, Tuki xarisxi ar daakmayofilebs moTxovnebs, an ar iarsebebs Sesabamisi SemoTavazebebi. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sqema - am etapze arsebuli programa gulisxmobs ukve sertifici-

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rebuli maswavleblebis CarTvas sqemaSi, rac saSualebas iZleva, maswavlebelma gansxvavebuli 7 aqtivobiT daagrovos Sesabamisi kreditebis moculoba, rac 8 weliwadSi mas saSualebas miscems, ar ganiaxlos sertifikati gamocdaze gasvliT, amasTan erTad, aimaRlos Tavisi statusi da gaxdes pirveli kategoriis maswavlebeli. momdevno 8 wlis manZilze mas SeuZlia umaRles kategorias miaRwios. maswavleblebis gamoxmaurebiT, maTi arCarTvis, an kritikuli damokidebulebis mizezi aris programis vadebi: 16 weli saSualo da saSualoze maRali asakis maswavleblebisTvis absoluturad miuRebelia. aseve, ar arsebobs garantia, rom ganaTlebaSi stabilurad gagrZeldeba politika da sqemac ar gauqmdeba. 8 wliani periodi saerTaSoriso gamocdilebiT ar dasturdeba. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri atarebs kvlevas sqemaSi cvlilebebis Sesatanad. arsebuli sqema unda gadaxalisdes, raTa gaizardos maswavlebelTa masSi CarTvis motivacia: Semcirdes kategoriebis miRwevis dro da nacvlad 8+8, gaxdes 4+4; gamravalferovndes kreditebi mieniWeba; is aqtivobebi, romlebsac

gadaixedos kreditebis miniWebis sqema; aRmoifxvras usamarTloba, romlis mixedviTac ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros da masTan arsebuli ssip-ebis mier ganxorcielebuli treningebi Tu sxva saswavlo programebi orjer meti kreditis momtania, vidre sxva saerTaSoriso Tu adgilobrivi organizaciebis mier Catarebuli; winaswar ganisazRvros, Tu rogor Seicvleba maswavleblis danamati kategoriebis miRwevisas da gaizomos mSp-is mixedviT. aRniSnuli cvlileba maswavlebelTa CarTvis motivacias gazrdis;

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 kategoriebis miniWeba moxdes saqmianobebis da ara resertificirebis vadis Sesabamisad; maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganvTarebisa da karieruli zrdis procesis xelSewyobis mizniT, Tu maswavlebeli miaRwevs umaRles kategorias, es miRweva gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos, rogorc misi profesiuli zrdis seriozuli safuZveli; am tipis adamianebis monawileoba skolis politikis gansazRvris sakiTxebSi da sxvadasxva saganmanaTleblo programaSi (mentorebad da trenerebad) damatebiT motivacias gauCens maswavleblebs, CaerTon procesSi. mniSvnelovania maswavleblebis winare da profesiuli ganviTarebis treningis formebis gaumjobeseba Semdegi gzebiT: skolis bazaze profesiuli ganviTarebis treningebi (Tanaswori ganmanaTleblebi, mowveuli trenerebi, konsultantebi da sxva). skolis gareT, universitetebisa da sxva asociaciebis mier organizebuli seminarebi, treningebi, konferenciebi da sxv. kvalifikaciis amaRlebis mxardaWera unda iyos diversificirebuli, maswavleblebis saWiroebidan gamomdinare. dafinansebis odenoba unda Seesabamebodes maswavleblisa da skolis saWiroebas, Sesabamisad, gansxvavebuli unda iyos qalaqisa da soflis skolebisTvis. saerTaSoriso an adgilobrivi SefasebebiT, sadac cudi Sedegebi gvaqvs, sasurvelia meti mxardaWera da meTvalyureoba. kargi iqneba skolebisTvis sagranto sistema, rodesac skola moiTxovs da marTavs grants sakuTari TanamSromlebis profesiuli ganviTarebis mizniT.

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7. garemo
sistemaSi profesionali maswavleblebis raodenobis zrdisa da swavla-swavlebis efeqtianobis gazrdis mizniT, mniSvnelovania gadaixedos saskolo garemo da daigegmos misi reformirebisTvis saWiro programebi. skolebis TanamSromloba umaRles saganmanaTleblo da samecniero dawesebulebebTan mniSvnelovania skolebis TanamSromloba samecniero da sauniversiteto instituciebTan, raTa Seiqmnas erTiani saazrovno sivrce, rac Seamoklebs manZils moswavlesa da uaxles samecniero codnas Soris da xels Seuwyobs moswavleebSi kritikuli da SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebas. aRniSnuli TanamSromlobis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia moxdes erToblivi saganmanaTleblo programebiT, saswavlo-SemecnebiTi vizitebiT kvleviT laboratoriebSi, saxatvro saxelosnoebSi, muzeumebSi. sasurvelia am dawesebulebebs hqondeT specialurad SemuSavebuli saswavloSemecnebiTi programebi, romlis SeqmnaSi CarTaven skolis maswavleblebs da romlebsac SemdgomSi gamoiyeneben msgavsi vizitebisas. mniSvnelovania, rom mecnier-mkvlevarebis mier Catardes sajaro leqciebi rogorc maswavleblebisaTvis, aseve moswavleebisaTvis. umaRles saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebTan erToblivi kvleviTi proeqtebi mniSvnelovnad waadgeba rogorc konkretul maswavlebels, aseve skolas. aq ZiriTadad vgulisxmobT egreT wodebul praqtikul kvlevas. praqtikuli kvleva msoflioSi aRiarebulia, rogorc erT-erTi saSualeba, gamovikvlioT skolaSi swavla-swavlebis procesTan dakavSirebuli konkretuli problemebi da movZebnoT maTi gadaWris gzebi. umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi unda waxalisden. raTa skolebSi maswavleblebTan TanamSromlobiT Caataron praqtikuli kvlevebi.

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maswavleblebis akademiuri Tavisuflebisa da avtonomiis gaZliereba mniSvnelovania, rom maswavleblebi, garda angariSvaldebulebisa, aseve flobdnen Tavisuflebasac sakuTari midgomebis, resursebis, profesiuli zrdis SesaZleblobebis SerCevaSi. SesaZloa, Tavisuflebis xarisxi ar iyos yvelasTvis erTgvarovani. SesaZloa, im skolebSi, sadac cnobili iqneba, rom moswavleebi cud Sedegebs aCveneben, Tavisuflebis naklebi xarisxi iyos da saWiro iyos saxelmwifo mxridan frTxili Careva. sifrTxile saWiroa imisTvis, rom ar moxdes maswavleblebis mxridan pasuxismgeblobebis saxelmwifosTvis gadabareba. mniSvnelovania, rom mkacrad gansazRvrulma midgomebma ar gamoiwvios maswavleblebis profesiuli zrdis SesaZleblobebis Semcireba da demotivireba.

maswavleblebis samuSao pirobebze zrunva maswavleblebis samuSao pirobebis zrunva ara mxolod profesiis mimzidvelobas zrdis, aramed, maTi kvalifikaciis amaRlebis SesaZleblobas da efeqturobasac. samuSao pirobebis gaumjobesebaSi igulisxmeba rogorc infrastruqturis, ise socialuri garemos da datvirTvis gaumjobeseba.

infrastruqturuli cvlilebebi yvela skolaSi maswavleblebs unda SeeqmnaT sakmarisad komfortuli garemo samuSaod. maswavlebels an maswavlebelTa jgufs, mTeli samuSao dRis ganmavlobaSi unda

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hqondeT saganmanaTleblo sakiTxebze muSaobisa da gamocdilebis gaziarebis SesaZlebloba. es gulisxmobs maswavleblebisTvis personaluri samuSao sivrcis Seqmnas, romelic uzrunvelyofili iqneba maswavleblebisaTvis gankuTvnili kompiuteriT, internetiT, samuSao magidiT. es SesaZleblobas miscems yvela maswavlebels, rom moswavleebTan konkurenciis gareSe (kompiuterul laboratoriaSi gakveTilebis Semdeg muSaoba) imuSaos axali masalebis moZiebaze, Seqmnasa da gavrcelebaze; aseve, marTvis eleqtonuli sistemebis gamoyenebaze, da sxv. strategiulad mniSvnelovania, yvela skolaSi iyos maswavleblis biblioTeka, romelic aRWurvili iqneba Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo literaturiT.

socialuri garemo maswavleblebs Soris, maswavleblebsa da direqcias Soris ndobisa da profesionaluri urTierTobebis dasamyareblad mniSvnelovania TanamSromloba skolebSi rogorc maswavleblebs, aseve, skolasa da mSoblebs Soris, adgilobriv TemTan; aseve, SesaZleblia axali meqanizmebis danergva: esenia praqtikuli kvlevis proeqtebi, maswavleblebis mier inicirebuli proeqtebis ganxorcieleba skolebSi, maswavlebelTa dajildoeba da a.S.

datvirTvis problema gansakuTrebiT qalaqebis did skolebSi, im sagnebSi, romelTa swavleba mcire raodenobis saaTebs moicavs, sruli datvirTvisas TiToeuli maswavlebeli aswavlis gaumarTleblad bevr moswavles. mag. geografia 7-11 klasebSi iswavleba kviraSi 2 saaTi. kviraSi sruli datvirTvisTvis (18 saaTi) maswavlebeli aswavlis kviraSi 9 jgufs. Tu

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jgufSi daaxloebiT 30 moswavlea, gamodis, rom maswavlebeli aswavlis erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi 270 sxvadasxva moswavles. garda amisa, Tu is 7-11 klasebs aswavlis, gamodis, rom mas TiToeul kviraSi 5 sxvadasxva programis masalisa da davalebebis momzadeba uwevs. msgavsi viTarebaa sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebSi. aseT viTarebaSi maswavleblebis umetesobas ar aqvs SesaZlebloba, moswavleebs personalurad gamoexmauros maT mier Sesrulebul davalebebTan dakavSirebiT (anu ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba mxolod deklarirebul xasiaTs atarebs da realobaSi ver xorcieldeba). Sesabamisad, naklebad savaraudoa, rom swavlis xarisxi maRali iqneba. samagierod, metad savaraudoa maswavleblebis gadaRla, profesiiT ukmayofileba da Sedegad, gadineba.

maswavleblebis damxmare resursebi uwyveti ganviTarebisTvis mniSvnelovania mravalferovan resursebze xelmisawvdomobis gazrda. globalizaciis pirobebSi gazrdilma informaciis nakadma Seamcira wignebze xelmisawvdomobis problemebi, Tumca, maswavleblebs aqvT enobrivi barieri. amis gamo, saWiroa Tanamedrove, xarisxiani pedagogiuri da sagnobrivi literaturis Targmna. msoflio bankis proeqtis farglebSi 2009-2010 wels iTargmna, garedaqtirda da gamosacemad momzadebulia 67 wigni - saganmanaTleblo literatura, romelic dRemde araa xelmisawvdomi skolebisTvis, radgan ar gamocemula. aseve aucilebelia adgilobrivi avtorebis xelSewyoba dagrovili gamocdilebis gasaziareblad. saswavlo resursebi SeiZleba iyos nabeWdi, audio da video formatis. sasurvelia, moxdes pedagogTa saWiroebebis kvleva da Sesabamisi aqtiobebis dagegmva resursebTan mimarTebaSi (literaturis Targmna, axali damxmare saxelmZRvaneloebis Seqmna da a.S).

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maswavleblebis dacva mniSvnelovania maswavleblebis dacvis axali sistemebis SemoReba. xSiria maswavleblebsa da administracias Soris, an maswavleblebs Soris konfliqtebi. wina wlebSi iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac maswavleblebi Ciodnen partiuli Sexedulebebis gamo maTi gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. mniSvnelovania, rom ganviTardes mediaciis rgolebi (profesiuli asociaciebi, profesiuli kavSirebi da sxv.). aseve SesaZlebelia, arsebobdes raime komisiebi skolis farglebs gareT, regionul donoze, romlebic skolis Sida politikuri situaciisgan damoukideblad SeZleben davebis ganxilvas da rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas. amgvar komisiebSi SesaZloa Sediodnen adgilobrivi Temis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic maRali ndobiT sargebloben. am komisiebs SesaZloa arc hqondeT raime normatiuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis ufleba, magram maTi rekomendaciis gaTvalisiwineba sasurveli unda iyos skolisTvis,maT rekomendacias aseve unda iTvaliswinebdes saministroc. SesaZloa, igive komisia monawileobdes skolebisTvis gamoyofili sagranto dafinansebis konkursebis CatarebaSi, direqtorebis kandidatebis SerCevaSi da sxva. dRes moqmedi maswavleblebis didma nawilma saqarTvelosaTvis umZimes wlebSi skolebSi saswavlo procesis Seuferxeblad warmarTva uzrunvelyos, miuxedavad umZimesi garemo pirobebisa da uxelfasobisa. saxelmwifo madlierebiT unda moekidos sakiTxs da uzrunvelyos maswavlebelTa profesiidan Rirseuli wasvla, rac pensiis saxiT gulisxmobs xelfasis mniSvnelovani nawilis (mag:75%) SenarCunebas. maswavlebelTa sapensio sqemis amuSaveba sasurvelia moxdes 2015 wlidan, maSin roca ZalaSi Seva profesiis regulaciasTan dakavSirebuli sxvadasxva meqanizmi. repetitori maswavleblebi maswavleblebis nawili gakveTilebis Semdeg repetito-

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robas eweva. es ramdenime mizeziT aris problematuri: maswavlebeli nakleb dros uTmobs ZiriTad movaleobas - gakveTilebis dagegmvas, naSromebis gasworebas, uwyvet profesiul ganviTarebas; maswavlebeli, romelic sakuTar moswavleebs aswavlis, daintersebulia skolaSi maTi warumateblobiT imisTvis, rom rekrutireba SeZlos kerZo gakveTilebisTvis. SesaZloa, erTi gza iyos skolebis mxardaWera gaxangrZlivebuli programebis TvalsazrisiT, sadac am repetitorebis dasaqmebis SesaZlebloba ukve oficialurad iqneba. aseve SesaZloa, mSoblebis nawili garkveul Tanxasac ki ixdides. Tumca, es programebi ufaso unda iyos skolis/ saxelmwifos xarjze socialurad daucvelebisTvis, an maTTvis, visTvisac gadasaxadis gadaxda mZime tvirTia. zogadi ganaTlebis reformis samuSao jgufi aseve muSaobs zogadi ganaTlebis sistemis marTvis koncefciaze, romelic efuZneba zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebas. aqac gamoyenebuli iqneba rogorc universaluri, aseve diferencirebuli midgomebi. erTi mxriv, zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebi unda akmayofilebdes swavla-swavlebisaTvis Sesaferis stantartebs. meore mxriv, iqmneba warCinebul skolaTa jgufi (excellence cluster), romlis wevrebic sargebloben damoukideblobis meti xarisxiT. swored amgvari diversificirebuli midgoma uzrunvelyofs saganmanaTleblo standartebis erTgvarovnebas da, amavdroulad, waaxalisebs skolebs, rom warCinebul skolaTa jgufis wevrebi gaxdnen.

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Sida kontrolis meqanizmebi da marTvis stili saqarTvelos sajaro skolebSi

Tamar mosiaSvili, ganaTlebis mkvlevari socialur mecnierebaTa centri 2012 wlis 2 seqtemberi

abstraqti
saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli ganaTlebis sistemis reformis veqtoris xSirma cvlam gazarda skolebis centralizaciis procesi. bolo ori wlis ganmavlobaSi zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonSi Sevida cvlilebebi, romelTa Sedegad gaZlierda ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros roli skolis marTvis procesSi. ministris mier gamocemuli brZanebebis, direqtoris standartis, maswavleblisa da moswavlis eTikis standartis damtkicebis safuZvelze 2010 wlis agvisto-seqtemberSi saqarTvelos sajaro skolebma ganaaxles skolis Sinaganawesi. skolis Sinaganawesebma asaxa sistemis marTvaSi Sesuli cvlilebebi, ramac, saboloo jamSi, nulovani tolerantobis tendenciebis gaZlierebas Seuwyo xeli. skolis disciplinuri marTvis procedurebi gaZlierda; skolis Sinaganawesebma gansazRvra xisti sadamsjelo zomebi disciplinur gadacdomebTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca, disciplinuri gadacdomebis zusti aRwera SemuSavebul SinaganawesebSi ar Cans. am naSromSi Seswavlilia saqarTvelos sajaro skolis Sinaganawesebi, romlebiTacc ganisazRvreba skolis marTvis stili da kontrolis meqanizmebi. naSromSi naCvenebia ganaTlebis politikis sitemuri, kerZod, disciplinuri marTvis sistemis reformirebis saWiroeba.

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1. Sesavali
vardebis revoluciis Semdeg (2003) saqarTvelos xelisuflebam mravali reformis ganxorcieleba daiwyo da ganaTleba qveynis ganviTarebis prioritetad gamoacxada. gaaqtiurda ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqti `ilia WavWavaZe, rogorc skolis marTvisa da misi finansuri SesaZleblobebis mimarTulebiT, aseve swavla-swavlebis procesis gaumjobesebis mizniT. am reformas SeiZleba ewodos uprecedento misi masStabebidan da ambiciurobidan gamomdinare1. 2005 wels miRebuli kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb aRiarebda skolis demokratiul marTvas, mis decentralizaciasa da angariSvaldebulebas sazogadoebis mimarT2. kanonSi aisaxa konstituciiT deklarirebuli ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobisa da Tanasworobis principebi. angariSvaldebuleba, gamWvirvaloba da monawileobasajaro skolis ganviTarebis orientirebi gaxda.

2. skola, rogorc sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri

damoukidebel saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis sferoSi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi ganxorcielda samjer: 1994, 1997 da 2005 wlebSi. 1994 wels miRebul iqna kanoni `arasaxelmwifo saero skolebis Sesaxeb3, romelic aregulirebda saxelmwifosa da arasaxelmwifo saero skolebis urTierTobas. 1997 wels parlamentma miiRo `ganaTlebis kanoni, romelmac gansazRvra zogadi ganaTlebis safexurebi da mizne1 ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqti
`ilia WavWavaZis Sefaseba, agvisto, 2007, mark Sapiro, Siro nakata, 2008 weli 2 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005 muxli 35.4 3 kanoni `arasaxelmwifo saero skolebis Sesaxeb, 1994, saqarTvelos parlamenti.

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bi4. yvelaze mniSvnelovani 2005 wels miRebuli kanoni iyo, romelmac axleburad gaiazra sajaro skola da misi statusi saerTaSoriso moTxovnebs moargo5. mas Semdeg, rac miRebul iqna kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb (2005 weli), Seicvala skolis statusi da funqcionirebis wesi. Seiqmna sakanonmdeblo CarCo, romelic gansazRvravda skolis marTvis sakiTxebsa da swavla-swavlebis process. gTavazobT ramdenime konceptualur gansxvavebas, romelsac zogadi ganaTlebis sistemaSi safuZveli 2005 wels miRebuli kanonis gamo Caeyara.
cxrili #1 skola 1997 wlidan dRemde
1997-2005 skolis statusi skolis avtonomia 2005 wlidan dRemde saxelmwifo skola ar saxelmwifo skola Camoywarmoadgenda iuridiul alibda sajaro samarTlis pirs iuridiul pirad centralizebuli marTva, skolas marTavs sameurveo skolis direqtori iniS- sabWos mier arCeuli dineba arCevnebis gareSe reqtori, marTvaSi aseve monawileoben sxva TviTmmarTveli organoebi: moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba da pedagogiuri sabWo saxelmwifo dakveTis erT moswavleze gaTvlili sistema, romlis mixedvi- vauCeruli dafinansebis Tac finansdeba skola sistema ar arsebobda erTiani Seiqmna erovnuli saswavlo erovnuli saswavlo gegma, gegma, romelic aerTianebs arsebobda saswavlo pro- yvela saswavlo sagans grama sagnebis mixedviT Seiqmna maswavleblis profesiuli standarti, damtkicda sertificirebis debuleba da maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis sqema

dafinanseba

saswavlo gegma

maswavleblis ar arsebobda maswavlestandarti blis codnisa da kvalifikaciis ganmsazRvreli erTiani standarti

4 saqarTvelos kanoni ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 1997 wlis 27 ivnisi. N 826 - II s 5 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005. muxli 1.1, muxli 11, skolis marTvaSi monawileobis ufleba, Tavi VI. zogad saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis marTvis principebi, muxli 35. pasuxismgebloba da struqtura

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reformis yvelze mniSvnelovani miRweva sajaro skolebisTvis avtonomiis miniWeba iyo6. cvlilebebi sakmaod mcire droSi ganxorcielda (2005 wels miRebul iqna kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb da 2006 wlidan skolebSi daiwyo sameurveo sabWoebis arCevisa da sabWoebis mier direqtorebis SerCevis procesi). cxrili #2. direqtorTa da maswavlebelTa damokidebuleba decentralizaciisa da skolebis maRali xarisxis avtonomiis mimarT:
Zalian keTilganwyobili direqtorebi maswavleblebi 30 % 19 % keTil ganwyobili 70 % 70 % arakeTilganwyobili 0% 9% Zalian arakeTilganwyobili 0% 0%
N

106 686

SeniSvna: monacemebi aRebulia publikaciidan: ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqtis `ilia WavWavaZis - Sefaseba Padeco. Co.LTD, 2007), gv 170 skolebi gamoxatavdnen mzaobas, gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi CarTuliyvnen. umetes SemTxvevaSi direqtorebi da administracia acxadebda, rom isini gadawyvetilebebs iReben maT mier identificirebul an damoukideblad mopovebul informaciaze dayrdnobiT. saqarTvelos sajaro skolebSi arCeuli sameurveo sabWo unda yofiliyo skolebSi mimdinare procesebis gamWvirvaleobisa da monawileobiTi gadawyvetilebis garanti. am organos unda uzrunveleyo sajaro skolis cxovrebaSi sazogadoebis CarTuloba. sameurveo sabWos daxmarebis mizniT, saxelmwifom didi Zalisxmeva gaswia: 2005_2008 wlebSi amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentos mxardaWeriT xorcieldeboda proeqti `ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia da akreditacia, romelmac moamzada treningebi skolis axali mmarTvelobiTi gundis gaZlierebis mizniT. swored am proeqtis far6 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 31, zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma

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glebSi gamoica publikaciaebi7: `rogor avirCioT skolis direqtori, (2007), `skolis direqtorisa da sameurveo sabWos TanamSromloba, (2007), skolis finansuri marTva(2008). 2008 wlidan sameurveo sabWoebis daxmarebisa da skolebis avtonomiurobis mxardaWeris procesi Sesustda, araqmedunariani da gamoucdeli skolis administracia da sameurveo sabWo sakuTari mwiri codnisa da gamocdilebis imedad darCa. swored 2008 wels Sevida pirveli cvlileba kanonSi `zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, romelic zRudavda skolebis avtonomiurobas. SesaZlebeli gaxda sameurveo sabWosaTvis direqtorobis im kandidatis ganmeorebiT wardgena, romelic direqtorad ar airCies. es iyo erT-erTi pirveli cvlileba, romelic zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonSi ganxorcielda da TviTmmarTvelobis Sesustebisaken8 iyo momarTuli. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministrs direqtoris uflebamosilebis Sewyvetis ufleba mieniWa. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros gauCnda uflebamosileba, gafrTxilebis gareSe daeTxova sajaro skolis sameurveo sabWo9. (2009 wlis 11 ivlisi) dRes skolebis funqcionirebaSi Carevis ufleba aqvs rogorc ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saminsitros, aseve adgilobriv TaviTmmarTvelobas, radgan ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro ukve savaldebulod niSnavs yvela sajaro skolis sameurveo sabWoSi erT wevrs, romelic 7 `rogor avirCioT skolis direqtori, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, 2007), Tamar mosiaSvili, Tamar xatiaSvili `skolis direqtorisa da sameurveo sabWos TanamSromloba, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, 2007, skolis finansuri marTva, marina talaxaZe, nino dondolaZe, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro, 2007. 8 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 42,2 direqtoris arCevis wesi (19.12.2008. N790). 9 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 49.7 saxelmwifo kontroli (11.07 .(2009. N1385)

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aucileblad unda iyos saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros centraluri aparatis warmomadgeneli, an piri saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros teritoriuli organoebis saStato ganrigiT gaTvaliswinebuli Semadgenlobidan10. (11.07.2009. N1385) sameurveo sabWos saqmianobebSi monawileobis ufleba moipova adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis, ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros warmomadgenelma, aseve skolis mandaturma. miuxedavad kanonSi Sesuli cvlilebebisa, sajaro skola dRemde inarCunebs garkveuli formis avtonomiurobas: formalurad, skolebSi funqcionirebs sameurveo sabWo, romlis wevrebi, garda zemoT aRniSnuli pirebisa, arian maswavleblebi da mSoblebi. sameurveo sabWos funqciebi mniSvnelovania da gansazRvravs skolis avtonomiurobas11. qvemoT moyvanilia sameurveo sabWos is funqciebi, romlebic mniSvnelovania skolaSi kontrolis meqanizmebisa da marTvis stilis analizisTvis: sameurveo sabWos funqciebi: - irCevs skolis direqtors; - amtkicebs skolis biujets, direqtoris mier momzadebul wliur angariSs da uzrunvelyofs mis sajaroobas; - skolis direqtoris wardginebiT amtkicebs skolis Sinaganawess, romelic amomwuravad gansazRvravs disciplinuri gadacdomebis nusxas da maTTvis gaTvaliswinebul disciplinur saxdelebs, skolidan gadayvanis pirobebs; - akontrolebs skolis direqciis mier finansebis xarjvasa da qonebis gankargvas; - skolis wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT ganixilavs saCivrebs da iRebs Sesabamis zomebs;
10 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 26. C. saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros uflebamosileba zogadi ganaTlebis sferoSi, (11.07.2009. N1385) 11 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 38, sameurveo sabWos funqciebi

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- disciplinuri gadacdomebis ganxilvis mizniT, skolis wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT irCevs disciplinur komitets, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis Tanabari raodenobis maswavlebeli, mSobeli da saSualo safexuris moswavle. sameurveo sabWo uflebamosilia, wesdebiT gaTvaliswinebuli wesiT disciplinuri komitetis gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb saCivrebi Tavad ganixilos an Seqmnas saapelacio komiteti, romelic ganixilavs saCivrebs direqtoris mier disciplinur gadacdomebze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis Sesaxeb. dauSvebelia disciplinuri komitetis an saapelacio komitetis specialuri Semadgenlobis mowveva konkretuli SemTxvevis ganxilvis mizniT; - iTanxmebs skolis direqtoris mier warmodgenil skolis wesdebis proeqts.

2. Sinaganawesis roli skolis cxovrebaSi zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis mixedviT

zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis mixedviT, skolis Sinaganawesi iqmneba skolis direqtoris mier da mas sameurveo sabWo amtkicebs. zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonSi vkiTxulobT, rom amave kanonis mixedviT, skolis Sinaganawesi aregulirebs disciplinur gadacdomebs, rac ganmartebulia, rogorc SinaganawesiT gansazRvruli wesebis darRveva. Sesabamisad, Sinaganawesis roli sakmaod viwroa. im dros, rodesac kanonSi ganisazRvra SinaganawesiT dasaregulirebeli sakiTxebis ZiriTadi sferoebi, ministris mier ar iyo damtkicebuli moswavlis qcevis kodeqsi, maswavleblis profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi da skolis direqtoris eTikis kodeqsi. kodeqsebi miRebul iqna 2010 wlis ivlisi-agvistoSi12. amoqmedda maswavleblis sertificirebis procesi, damt12 maswavleblis profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi, ministris brZaneba N 57/6 , 2010 wlis 14 ivlisi, moswavlis qcevis kodeqsi ministris brZaneba N 79/n , skolis direqtoris kodeqsi, 2010 wlis 30 agvisto, ministris brZaneba N 8/6.

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kicda maswavlebelTa sertificirebis debuleba (2009 wlis 4 dekemberi13) da profesiuli ganviTarebis sqema (2010). dokumentebSi naTqvamia, rom skolis Sinaganawesi unda efuZnebodes damtkicebul kodeqsebs. moswavlis qcevis kodeqsi aregulirebs moswavlis qcevis wesebs, romlebsac moswavle icavs saswavlo procesis mimdinareobisas skolaSi, agreTve skolis mier organizebul RonisZiebebSi monawileobis dros da xels uwyobs swavlisaTvis iseTi garemosa da pirobebis Seqmnas, sadac moswavle SeZlebs codnis miRebas, unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebasa da Rirebulebebis Camoyalibebas. maswavleblis profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi adgens zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis maswavleblis profesiuli qcevis wesebs, romliTac fasdeba maswavleblis profesiuli kompetenturobis xarisxi da romelTa dacva maswavlebels moswavleebis mSoblebis, maswavleblebisa da skolaSi dasaqmebuli sxva pirebis mimarT moeTxoveba. skolis direqtoris kodeqsi adgens zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis direqtoris qcevis wesebs, romliTac fasdeba direqtoris profesiuli kompetenturobis xarisxi da romelTa dacva mas moswavleebis, mSoblebis, maswavleblebisa da skolaSi dasaqmebuli sxva pirebis mimarT moeTxoveba. kvlevaSi ganxilulia is Sinaganawesebi, romlebic maswavlebelTa profesiuli eTikis kodeqsis, direqtoris kodeqsisa da moswavlis qcevis kodeqsis SemuSavebis Semdeg damtkicda. kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb ganmartavs, rom disciplinuri devnisas skola valdebulia ganumartos moswavles an maswavlebels mis mier Cadenili disciplinuri gadacdomis arsi. disciplinuri saxdelebi ki asaxuli unda iyos skolis SinaganawesebSi.

13 saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris brZaneba

N 1101 2009 wlis 4 dekemberi q. Tbilisi, maswavlebelTa sertificirebis debulebisa da maswavleblis sertifikatis nimuSis datkicebis Sesaxeb.

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Sinaganawesis SemuSavebaSi monawileobis miReba SeuZlia moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobas. zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanonis mixedviT (Tavi X, muxli 48), mas ufleba aqvs, SeimuSaos rekomendaciebi14. Sinaganawess amtkicebs sameurveo sabWo, romlis wevrebi arian maswavleblebi da mSoblebi. Sesabamisad, Sinaganawesis SemuSavebaSi maTi monawileoba kanonis safuZvelze aris uzrunvelyofili da es monawileoba asaxuli unda iyos SinaganawesebSi. Sinaganawesi umniSvnelovanesi normatiuli aqtia. misi mopoveba sakmaod rTuli aRmoCnda, radgan: skolebis umravlesobas ar aqvs vebgverdi, an veb-gverdze ar aqvs gamoqveynebuli Sinaganawesi. 2012 wlis maisidan amoqmedda ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistema15, Seiqmna skolebis monacemTa baza16. skolis monacemebi Seicavs skolis vebgverdis misamarTs. magram mxolod mcire skolebis Sinaganawesebia veb-gverdze atvirTuli. skolebis monacemTa bazis Sesaxeb informacia ixileT danarTSi N1. monacemTa bazis arsebuli sistema mniSvnelovania ganaTlebis politikis dagegmvisTvis. monacemTa arsebuli baza am saxiT gaaqtiurda ivnisSi17. sxva monacemebi (skolis Sinaganawesi, direqtoris mier gamocemuli brZanebebi, skolaSi mimdinare saqmianobebi) unda Seavsos sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis sxva instrumentebma. skolis veb-gverdi am mxriv yvelaze efeqturia, gansakuTrebiT dedaqalaqSi, sadac interneti yvela skolisTvis xelmisawvdomia. skolis Sinaganawesebis xelmisawvdomoba ki mniSvnelovania moswavleebisTvis, maswavleblebisTvis da mSoblebisTvis, aseve skolis TemisTvis, radgan saskolo disciplina emyareba skolis SinaganawesiT dadgenil moTxovnebs18. miuxedavad imisa, rom skolis Sinaganawesi sajaro informaciaa, misi
 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb , muxli 48. a. moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebi  www.emis.ge 16 http://catalog.edu.ge 17 http://catalog.edu.ge/index.php?module=statistics 18 kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 19.2 skolis disciplina.

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mopoveba garTulebulia, radgan: skolebs, romlebsac aqvT veb-gverdi, ar aqvT atvirTuli skolis Sinaganawesi, is gamokrulia skolaSi; skolasTan sazogadoebrivi seqtoris TanamSromloba ki ministris 837-e brZanebis Sedegad SezRudulia. aseve garTulebulia skolidan Sinaganawesis gamoTxova, radgan skolebze centralizebuli mmarTvelobis gaZlierebis gamo, skolis administracias uWirs gadawyvetilebis miReba ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros, an mis teritoriul organosTan SeTanxmebis gareSe. Sinaganawesis organul nawils warmoadgens qvemoT CamoTvlili samarTlebrivi dokumentebi: 1. moswavlis qcevis kodeqsi; 2. maswavleblis eTikis kodeqsi; 3. direqtoris eTikis kodeqsi; 4. pedagogis profesiuli standarti; 5. SromiTi xelSekrulebebi; 6. Tanamdebobrivi instruqciebi; 7. mandaturis debuleba.

4.1. kvlevis dizaini

Tavadapirvelad daigegma, rom Sinaganawesebis kvlevisaTvis skolebi agverCia SemTxveviTi principiT, moswavleTa raodenobis, regionisa da raionis mixedviT. es ver moxerxda Semdegi mizezebis gamo: ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom ar mogvawoda skolebis monacemTa baza. saministros veb-gverdze ganTavsebuli skolebis monacemTa baza ar iyo srulyofili. 2012 wlis maisSi amoqmedda ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistema, sadac skolebis monacemebi ar aris srulyofili. maisSi sistema ar moicavda maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis raodenobas, moce-

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muli iyo mxolod maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis Tanafardoba; maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis raodenoba sistemas daemata 2012 wlis ivnisSi. skolebidan Sinaganawesebis gamoTxova sakmaod rTuli procesia, radgan sajaro skolebi ar icaven sajaro informaciis gamoTxovis kanoniT gansazRvrul vadebs. nebismieri informacia, romelsac skola gascems araformalurad, SeTanxmebulia ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosTan. socialur mecnierebaTa centrma werilobiT mimarTa ganaTlebis marTvis sainformacio sistemebis ufross. moviTxoveT skolebis Sesaxeb informacia: veb-gverdebi, moswavleTa da maswavleblebis raodeboba19. moTxovnili informacia ver miviReT. Sesabamisad, miRebul iqna gadawyvetileba, Sinaganawesebis Sinaarsis kvlevisTvis gamogveyenebina is Sinaganawesebi, romelTa mopovebac SesaZlebeli iyo skolebis veb-gverdze. skolis internet gverdebidan movipoveT Semdegi skolebis Sinaganawesebi (ixileT danarTi 220): Tbilisis sajaro skolebi N11, 45, 51, 53, 115, 150, 155, 69; samtrediis N2 sajaro skola, quTaisis N40 sajaro skola. mopovebuli Sinaganawesebis absolutur umravlesobas aqvs erTi da igive struqtura da Sinaarsi.

4.2 Sinaganawesebis Tvisebrivi analizi

Sinaganawesi SemuSavebulia Semdegi sakanonmdeblo aqtebis safuZvelze: 1. saqarTvelos konstitucia (http://tpdc.ge/uploads/saqarTvelos_konstitucia1.pdf nanaxia 2012 wlis 5 marts),
19 12/15, 10 Tebervali 2012 w. pasuxi ar migviRia; 12/22, 6 marti 2012 w. - am werilze dagvibrunes pasuxi, 2012 wlis 12 marts, werilis nomeria: 3.585. werili movida universitetis kancelariaSi 15 marts, Tsus kancelariis nomeri 6058/02. socialur-mecnierebaTa centrma pasuxi miiRo 20 marts. 20 vebgverdebi nanaxia 2012 wlis 5 marts

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2. zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb kanoni, http://tpdc.ge/uploads/news/zogadi_ganatlebis_Sesaxeb_kanoni.pdf 3. samoqalaqo kodeqsi, http://tpdc.ge/uploads/samoqalaqo_ kodeqsi.pdf 4. Sromis kodeqsi, http://tpdc.ge/uploads/Sromis_kodeksi.pdf 5. kanoni sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris Sesaxeb, ttp://www.mof.ge/show_law.aspx?id=197 6. skolis wesdeba. Sinaganawesi Sedgeba Semdegi nawilebisgan: 1. zogadi debuleba; 2. saswavlo procesis organizacia; 3. muSakTa samuSaoze miRebisa da gaTavisuflebis wesi, waxalisebis formebi; 4. pedagogTa da moswavleTa ZiriTadi ufleba-movaleobebi; 5. moswavleTa klasidan klasSi gadayvanis, skolidan daTxovnisa da garicxvis pirobebi; 6. Sromis pirobebis dacvis wesebi, swavla-swavlebis procesi, moswavleTa Sefaseba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebis Sesabamisad (Sinaganawesebis es nawili ganxiluli ar aris, miznebidan gamomdinare). Sinaganawesebi aseve danarTis saxiT Seicavs maswavleblisa da moswavlis eTikis kodeqsebs.

4.2.1 saswavlo procesis organizeba

Seesabameba erovnuli saswavlo gegmis moTxovnebs, kerZod, mocemulia: trimestrebis raodenoba; cvlis raodenoba; saswavlo dReebis raodenoba (180 dRe); saswavlo procesis dasawyisi; gakveTilis xangrZlivoba (45 wT);

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 Sesvenebebis xangrZlivoba (5 wuTi da 10 wuTi); inventarizacia21.

4.2.2. muSakTa samuSaoze miReba da daTxovna

skolaSi efeqtiani saswavlo procesis organizebisTvis maswavleblis kvalifikacia mniSvnelovania. saqarTveloSi maswavlebloba regulirebadi profesiaa. kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb gansazRvravs maswavleblis uflebis mopovebasa da ganaxlebas (kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 21.1. zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis maswavlebeli)22. 2010 wels amoqmedda sertificirebis sistema, maswavleblebi monawileoben sasertifikacio gamocdebSi. barieris warmatebiT gadalaxvis Semdeg isini iZenen sertificirebuli maswavleblis statuss, rac niSnavs, rom maswavleblebma daamtkices sakuTari kvalifikacia - maTi codna Seesabameba maswavleblis profesiul standarts (maswavleblis profesiuli standarti, 2010). imasTan erTad, rom sertificirebis procesi savaldebulod 2014
21 am nawilSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs qonebis inventarizaciis procedurebis aRweras. SinaganawesebSi detaluradaa aRwerili misi Catarebis vadebi, monawile mxareebi, katalogis Seqmna da saWiro inventaris gadacema sagnobrivi kaTedris kuratorebisTvis, kabinetis gamgeebisaTvis. inventarizaciis es modeli SeiZleba pozitiurad Sefasdes, radgan gaTvaliswinebulia, erTi mxriv saganmanaTleblo resursebis aRricxvis wesebi da meore mxriv misi efeqtiani gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi. 22 maswavleblis sertificireba moicavs maswavleblobis ufle bis mopovebasa da ganaxlebas. maswavleblobis uflebis mopoveba am kanoniT dadgenil SemTxvevebSi moicavs: am kanoniT dadgenili sakvalifikacio moTxovnebis dakmayofilebas. maswavleblis sasertifikacio gamocdis Cabarebas. 6. maswavleblobis uflebis ganaxlebisaTvis aucilebelia maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTareba am kanoniTa da saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier dadgenili wesiT.

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wlidan iTvleba (`kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, muxli 61.2)23 aseve, 2011 wlidan amoqmedda maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sqema, romelic maswavlebels saSualebas aZlevs, profesiuli saqmianobis procesSi moagrovos kreditebi, sqemaSi aRwerili saqmianobis mixedviT24. imisaTvis, rom daculi iyos moswavleebisa da mSoblebis interesebi, profesionali maswavleblebis skolaSi mosazidad konkursis gamocxadeba (gansakuTrebiT, qalaqebSi) mniSvnelovania. am mizniT Seqmnil veb-gverdze http://teacherjobs.ge/ 2012 wlis 28 ivnisis mdgomareobiT gamocxadebuli iyo 48 vakansia - 23 vakansia TbilisSi, Suaxevis raionSi 18 vakansia, 1 ozurgeTSi, 6 quTaisSi, (http://teacherjobs.ge/, nanaxia 28 ivniss). Seswavlil skolis SinaganawesebSi muSakis samsaxurSi miReba Semdegi procedurebiT xdeba: a) TanamSromlis samsaxurSi miRebis ZiriTadi moTxovna skolaSi saWiro dokumentebis wargenaa Sromis wignaki; ganaTlebis damadasturebeli dokumenti; samedicino cnoba, rom ar arsebobs `xelisSemSleli garemoebebi; SeTavsebis SemTxvevaSi, cnoba ZiriTadi samuSao adgilidan dakavebuli Tanamdebobisa da muSaobis grafikis miTiTebiT. samuSaoze miReba formdeba brZanebiT. samuSaoze miRebisas an dadgenili wesiT misi sxva samuSaoze gadayvanisas administracia valdebulia, gaacnos ,maswavlebels Semdegi dokumentebi: a) skolis wesdeba b) skolis Sinaganawesi da moqmedi wesebi
23 2014 wlis bolomde yvela moqmedma maswavlebelma unda Caabaros maswavleblis sasertifikacio gamocda, raTa moipovos maswavleblobis ufleba. 24 maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sqema, http://www. tpdc.ge/uploads/folder/profesiuli_ganvitarebis_spema.pdf nanaxia 2012 wlis 28 ivniss)

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yovel muSakze gaxsnilia piradi saqme, romelic Sedgeba Semdegi CamonaTvalisgan: kadrebis aRricxvis piradi furcli; avtobiografia; ganaTlebis, kvalifikaciis, profesiuli momzadebis da sertificirebis damadasturebeli dokumentebis aslebi; samedicino daskvna janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb; daniSvnis brZanebis amonaweri; gadayvanis, waxalisebis da gaTavisuflebis Sesaxeb. ra ? piradi saqme skolaSi inaxeba muSakis gaTavisuflebis Semdeg xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi. samuSaoze ayvanis procesSi TanamSromlis piradi saqmis mowesrigeba dadebiTad SeiZleba Sefasdes. am nawilSi mocemuli zogierTi moTxovna bundovani da arasrulyofilia. kerZod: naTqvamia, rom muSaks samsaxurSi warsadgenad esaWiroeba samedicino cnoba, rom ar arsebobs `xelisSemSleli garemoebebi, Tumca, ar aris aRniSnuli, ra tipis daavadeba SeiZleba warmoadgendes xelisSemSlel garemoebas; samsaxurSi muSakis ayvanis procedurebi asaxavs mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli dokumentebis nusxis wardgenas; Sinaganawesi ar moicavs skolis politikas, romelmac unda asaxos maRalkvalificiuri kadrebis skolaSi mozidva (konkursis gamocxadeba, gasaubreba). samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebis safuZvlad SinaganawesSi mocemulia Sromis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebi, (muxli 3725 da muxli 3826) romlebic Seswavlil SinaganawesebSi msgavsia. gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia maswavleblis
25 muxli 37. SromiTi urTierTobis Sewyvetis safuZvlebi: 26 muxli 38. SromiTi xelSekrulebis moSla

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disciplinuri pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi, romelic iTvaliswinebs Semdeg zomebs: gafrTxileba; sayveduri; sastiki sayveduri; samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba.
cxrili N3, maswavlebelTa disciplinuri saxdelis gamomwvevi mizezebi
disciplinuri saxdeli gafrTxileba: mizezi orze meti dagvianebisaTvis an gakveTilis gacdenisaTvis. pedagogiuri da kolegialuri normebis darRvevisaTvis eTikis

usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevisaTvis. sayveduri meore gafrTxilebis miRebisas 5-ze meti dagvianebisaTvis an 2 da meti gakveTilis arasapatio mizeziT gacdenisas. pedagogiuri eTikis normebis uxeSi darRvevisaTvis. moswavlis an kolegis sityvieri an fizikuri SeuracxyofisaTvis. skolisaTvis materialuri zaralis miyenebisTvis (gaufrTxileblobiT). usafrTxoebis wesebis uxeSi darRvevisaTvis. pedsabWos arasapatio mizeziT gacdenisaTvis. mSobelTa krebaze gamoucxadeblobisaTvis.

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sastiki sayveduri

kalendaruli gegmis SeusruleblobisaTvis an misi arqonisaTvis. damrigeblisTvis dakisrebul movaleobaTa SeusruleblobisaTvis. ori sayveduris an gafrTxilebisa da sayveduris miRebisaTvis. sistematuri dagvianebisaTvis an 10-zedmeti gacdenisaTvis. moswavlis an kolegis sityvieri an fizikuri SeuracxyofisaTvis. SinaganawesiT dakisrebul movaleobaTa an? uxeSi gaufrTxileblobiT SeusruleblobisaTvis skolisaTvis materialuri zaralis ganzrax miyenebisaTvis. gakveTilis CaSlisaTvis.

samsaxuridan gaTavisufleba

sastiki sayveduris miRebis Semdeg iseTi qmedebis CadenisaTvis, rac imsaxurebs disciplinur saxdels. pedagogiuri eTikis normebis kuTrebiT uxeSi darRvevisaTvis. gansa-

moswavlis an kolegis ganzrax fizikuri SeuracxyofisaTvis. sistematiuri dagvianebisa da gacdenisaTvis. skolisaTvis mniSvnelovani materialuri zaralis miyenebisTvis. usafrTxoebis wesebis iseTi uxeSi darRvevisaTvis, rac moswavlis an kolegis dazianebis mizezi gaxda.

SeniSvna: SinaganawesSi aseve mocemulia disciplinuri saxdeli - xelfasis dakaveba, magram araumetes mTliani Tanxis 30%-isa, Tumca, ganmartebuli araa, romeli gafrTxilebis SemTxvevaSi. disciplinuri saxdelisa da misi gamomwvevi mizezebis gansazRvra SeiZleba dadebiTad Sefasdes. skolis Sinaganawesis xarvezi isaa, rom mxolod dasjisa da misi gamomwvevi mizezebis CamonaTvals Seicavs. waxalisebis Sesaxeb naTqvamia, rom skolis direqtors SeuZlia

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maswavleblis waxaliseba. maswavlebeli: swavlebasa da aRzrdaSi warmatebebisa da muSaobaSi mopovebuli sxva miRwevebisaTvis gamoiyeneba Semdegi saxis waxalisebebi: madlobis gamocxadeba; fasiani saCuqris gadacema; premia an fuladi jildo da sxva. araa gansazRvruli, ras gulisxmobs swavlebasa da aRzrdaSi warmateba da sxva miRwevebi; aseve, araa miTiTebuli pedagogiuri sabWos, moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobisa da sameurveo sabWos roli maswavleblis waxalisebis procesSi (maTi roli warmatebuli maswavleblis nominaciaze wardgenisTvis).

4. 2.3. moswavleTa ZiriTadi ufleba-movaleobebi

moswavleTa ufleba-movaleobebi efuZneba moswavlis eTikis kodeqss. Seswavlili Sinaganawesebi Seicavs maswavleblisa da moswavlis eTikis kodeqsis aslebs. amasTan erTad, moicavs disciplinuri gadacdomebis CamonaTvalsa da maTze reagirebis formebs. es nawili moicavs detalur instruqcias moswavlis valdebulebebis Sesaxeb, raTa skolaSi daculi iyos disciplina. magaliTad: rodesac moswavle acdens gakveTils, man klasis damrigebels unda warudginos gacdenis oficialuri axsna-ganmarteba, axsna-ganmartebis wardgenis vadebi araa miTiTebuli. aris aseTi Canawerebic: `skolaSi daicvas wesrigi da siCume, `skolisTvis miyenebuli zarali aanazRauros mSobelma. `moswavles ekrZaleba Sesvenebaze Widaoba, yvirili, Cxubi da sxva. moswavles disciplinuri darRvevebisaTvis SeiZleba daedos disciplinuri saxdeli an saxdelis gansakuTrebuli forma - skolidan garicxva. moswavlis disciplinuri saxdelebia: a) gafrTxileba; b) sajarod bodiSis moxda;

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g) sayveduri; d) sastiki sayveduri disciplinis darRvevaze reagirebis iseTi formebi, rogorebicaa skolaSi damatebiTi saaTebis gatareba biblioTekaSi, an raime samuSaos Sesruleba, arc erTi skolis SinaganawesSi ar gvxvdeba, aseve, araa aRniSnuli mSoblis informirebis procedurebi. skolis Sinaganawesi ar asaxavs iseT faqtze reagirebis procedurebs, rogoricaa Cagvra. cxrili N4. moswavleTa disciplinuri saxdelis gamomwvevi mizezebi
disciplinuri saxdeli mizezi gafrTxileba gakveTilze an dasvenebaze disciplinis msubuqi darRvevisaTvis. usafrTxoebis wesebis darRvevisaTvis. amxanagis sityvieri SeuracxyofisaTvis. ori an meti dagvianebisaTvis an gakveTilis (arasapatio mizeziT) gacdenisaTvis. saskolo procesisadmi zerele damokidebulebisaTvis. saskolo qonebis dazianebisaTvis. sayveduri gafrTxilebis ganmeorebiT miRebisas. gakveTilze an dasvenebaze disciplinis darRvevisaTvis. usafrTxoebis wesebis uxeSi darRvevisaTvis. amxanagis sityvieri an mcire fizikuri SeuracxyofisaTvis maswavleblis sityvieri SeuracxyofisaTvis. xuTi an meti dagvianebisaTvis, an erTze meti gakveTilis arasapatio mizeziT gacdenisaTvis. saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi procesisadmi zerele damokidebulebisaTvis. sastiki sayveduri gafrTxilebisa da sayveduris, an ori sayveduris miRebisas. disciplinis uxeSi darRvevisaTvis. aTze meti gakveTilis arasapatio mizeziT gacdenisaTvis. amxanagis fizikuri SeuracxyofisaTvis. swavlisadmi sistematuri zerele damokidebulebisaTvis.

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skolidan garicxva

sastiki sayveduris miRebis Semdeg Caidens iseT qmedebas, rac imsaxurebs disciplinarul saxdels sistematiurad uxeSad arRvevs disciplinas. sistematiurad acdens gakveTilebs arasapatio mizeziT. maswavlebels miayenebs fizikur Seuracxyofas, an daemuqreba mas raime formiT. moswavles miayenebs uxeS fizikur Seuracxyofas. skolaSi gamocxaddeba nasvam mdgomareobaSi an narkotikebis zemoqmedebis qveS (rogor xdeba narkotikuli zemoqmdebis dadgena, aRwerili araa) skolas miayenebs mniSvnelovan materialur zarals. mis mimarT ZalaSi Seva sisxlis samarTlis gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni.

skolis SinaganawesebSi sakmaod detaluradaa aRwerili disciplinuri saxdelebi. pozitiurad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom garda saxdelebisa, aRwerilia mSoblebis informirebis procedurebi: `klasis damrigeblis dakavSirebas moswavlis mSobelTan, masTan gasaubrebas da Sesabamisi oficialuri Canaweris gaformebas, rac dasturdeba mSoblis xelis moweriT, sityvieri gafrTxileba ar aisaxeba moswavlis pirad saqmeSi. moswavlisTvis direqtoris mier werilobiTi SeniSvna/sayveduris gamocxadeba SesaZlebelia maswavleblis wardginebis an/da aseTi wardginebis gareSe. werilobiTi sayveduris gacnoba mSobelma unda daadasturos xelmoweriT. direqtori moswavles ucxadebs werilobiT SeniSvnas/sayvedurs, romelSic ganmartebuli iqneba Cadenili qmedebis arsi, SeniSvna/sayveduris moqmedebis dro da sxva garemoebebi. SeniSna/sayveduris gacnoba savaldebuloa mSoblisaTvis, rac dasturdeba misi xelmoweriT. Sinaganawesis darRvevis reagirebis formad miiCneva skolis servisiT sargeblobis privilegiis CamorTmeva da skolisTvis

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sasargeblo saqmianobis dakisreba. gansazRvrulia skolisTvis sasargeblo saqmianobis formebi (skolis teritoriis dalageba/ dasufTaveba, skolis ezos keTilmowyobaze zrunva, nargavebis dargva skolis mimdebare teritoriaze da a.S) da xangrZlivoba (dawyebiTi safexuris moswavlisaTvis ar unda aRematebodes 1 saaTs, sabazo safexuris moswavlisaTvis _ dReSi 2 saaTs da saSualo safexuris moswavlisaTvis _ dReSi 3 saaTs), aseve, uflebamosili piris vinaoba, romelic uSualo zedamxedvelobas gauwevs moswavles mis mier skolisTvis sasargeblo saqmianobis ganxorcielebisas. skolisTvis sasargeblo saqmianoba moswavles SeiZleba daekisros mSoblis TanxmobiT. skolis Sinaganawesebi ar aRwers procedurebs im SemTxvevisaTvis, Tu mSobeli ar eTanxmeba disciplinur saxdels. SinaganawesebSi ar arsebobs garkveuli kriteriumebi, ris safuZvelzec ganisazRvreba darRvevebis kategoria (msubuqi da uxeSi), araa gamoyofili is darRvevebi, romlebic ar eqvemdebareba garicxvas, misi ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi. disciplinur darRvevebze reagirebis procedurebi ar asaxavs fsiqologis, socialuri muSakis rols. direqtoris gankargulebebis Sesaxeb TanamSromlebis informireba xdeba gankargulebis TvalsaCino adgilze gamokvriT, sawarmoo TaTbirze gancxadebiT an administraciis wevrTa meSveobiT. araa aRniSnuli direqtoris gankargulebaTa mSoblebamde an moswavleebamde mitanis wesi, arc erTi Sinaganawesi ar Seicavs skolisa da sazogadoebis urTierTobis meqanizmebs. mSoblebTan urTierToba ganmrtebulia iseTi zogadi frazebiT, rogorebicaa: `skolis direqtori xels uwyobs mSoblebis CarTulobas saswavlo procesSi, `ganmartebebs aZleves mSoblebs saskolo saswavlo gegmis Sesaxeb, mSoblis survilis SemTxvevaSi, `TanamSromlobs mSoblebTan, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi atarebs maTTan individualur Sexvedrebs, `warmarTavs mSobelTan urTierTobas Tavazianad da TanamSromlobis formiTda sxva. moswavle: sanimuSo yofaqcevis, swavlaSi miRweuli maRali

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Sedegebis da sxva saqmianobaSi mopovebuli warmatebisTvis moswavle jildovdeba: stipendiiT garkveuli vadiT; sigeliT; diplomiT; fuladi premiiT; da sxva jildoebiT. ar aris ganmartebuli, ra kriteriumebiT SeiZleba gaizomos moswavlis warmateba, an vin unda daasaxelos warmatebuli maswavlebeli! ar aris ganmartebuli. ra kriteriumebiT SeiZleba gaizomos moswavlis warmateba, an vin unda daasaxelos warmatebuli moswavle!

daskvnebi
Sinaganawesebs aqvs erTnairi forma da Sinaarsi, Seicavs maswavleblis, moswavlisa da direqtoris eTikis kodeqsis srul teqsts; skolis Sinaganawesebi aRiarebs ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebiT (ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi, 2005) deklarirebul Rirebulebebs. miuxedavad amisa, yvela skolis Sinaganawesi orientirebulia mxolod disciplinis kontrolsa da administraciis calmxriv pasuxismgeblobaze. Seswavlil dokumentebSi prioriteti administraciis mxridan maswavlelebisa da moswavleebis disciplinis kontrolia. disciplinis kontrolis mimarTulebiT Sinaganawesi warmoadgens reagirebaze da ara prevenciaze orientirebul dokuments. is aRwers disciplinis darRvevebze reagirebis procedurebs da naklebad prevenciul midgomebs; SinaganawesSi ar Cans sameurveo sabWosa da disciplinuri komitetis roli disciplinur saxdelebze reagirebis mizniT; Sinaganawesebi aris disciplinaze orientirebuli, dasja-waxalisebis procedurebi dasaxvewia. SinaganawesSi araa asaxuli skolis sazogadoebasTan urT-

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ierTobis procedurebi. araa uzrunvelyofili dainteresebuli pirebis monawileoba. ganxilul SinaganawesebSi ar aris asaxuli kanonis mier deklarirebuli skolebis decentralizacia, romelic iTvaliswinebs skolis monawileobiT marTvas sameurveo sabWos, pedagogiuri sabWosa da moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis mier. skolis angariSvaldebulebis procedurebi ar moicavs SinaganawesiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis monitorings; skolis garemos usafrTxoeba orientirebulia mxolod disciplinis kontrolze; informaciis xelmisawvdomobis procedurebi araa naTeli da mkafio (ZiriTadad iTvaliswinebs skolis yvela subieqtis mier Sinaganawesze xelmisawvdomobas da ara mimdinare procesebis Sesaxeb skolisa da skolis Temis informirebas); skolis Sinaganawesebi ar Seicavs SinaganawesSi cvlilebis Setanis procedurebs.

rekomendaciebi
1. disciplinur gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis procesSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos: (1) moswavlis asaki da klasi; (2) moswavlis specialuri saWiroebebi (mag: specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroeba); (3) danaSaulis seriozuloba; (4) danaSaulis garemomcveli pirobebi; (5) moswavlis mier adre Cadenili danaSaulebis Canaweri; (6) moswavlis socio-emociuri ganviTarebis done; (7) danaSaulis Sedegi skolis wevrebsa da Temze; (8) moswavleze dakvirveba, kerZod, rogor swavlobs moswavle, monawileobs Tu ara saskolo RonisZiebebSi, aqvs Tu ara mSoblisa da Temis mxardaWera. 2. unda gaimijnos damsjelobiTi da aradamsjelobiTi gadacdomebi, ganisazRvros maTi marTvis strategiebi. aradamsjelobiTi gadacdomebis marTvisTvis skolebma unda gamoiyenon: sityvieri gafrTxileba, konsultacia maswavlebelTan da specialistTan (fsiqologi, socialuri muSaki, Tumca, skolebs ar hyavT fsiqologi da socialuri muSaki), konsultacia ad-

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ministracisTan, sxvadasxva programaSi CarTva. damsjelobiTi gadacdomebis marTvis mizniT gamoyenebuli unda iyos: klasgaraSe movaleobis Sesrulebis dakisreba, privilegiebis moxsna (sxvadasxva RonisZiebaSi monawileobis SezRudva), modificirebuli saskolo dRe, specialuri adgilis gamoyofa, sadac moswavle misi asakisTvis Sesabamisi SromiTi an saswavlo saqmianobiT dakavdeba, gare instituciebTan an/ da samarTlebriv organoebTan gadamisamarTeba, kompensacia, garicxva. 3. skolis administraciis warmomadgenlebma skolis yvela mmarTvelobiTi rgolis (administracia, sameurveo sabWo, pedagogiuri sabWo da moswavleTa TviTmmarTveloba) monawileobiT unda SearCion is strategia, romelic maTi konkretuli skolis saWiroebas Seesabameba. maT unda hqondeT disciplinuri darRvevis kategorizebisa (damsjelobiTi da aradamsjelobiTi) da maTze reagirebis unari, raTa efeqturad SeimuSaon disciplinuri gadacdomebis marTvis gegma, samarTlianobis, humanurobisa da disciplinuri procesis mimarT Tanamimdevrulobis principidan gamomdinare. 4. maswavleblebis Sefasebisas skolam unda ixelmZRvanelos maTi kvalifikaciiTa da miRweuli warmatebebiT. am mizniT Sinaganawesma unda asaxos maswavleblis saqmianobis aRricxvis meqanizmebi saqarTveloSi moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad. kerZod, waxalisdes sertificirebisa da sertificirebuli maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis sqemaSi CarTvis procesi, maswavleblis Sefaseba daefuZnos gazomvad indikatorebs, maTi waxalisebis meqanizmebi iyos srulyofili. danarTi 1 skolebis monacemTa baza skolebis Sesaxeb informacia Seicavs Semdeg monacemebs: zogadi informacia: regioni, raioni, skolis direqtori, misamarTi, skolis eleqtronuli gverdi, moswavleTa raodenoba, maswavlebelTa raodenoba; skolis instituciuri monacemebi: saskolo Senobis mdgomareoba, sportuli moednebi (gare), sportuli moednebi (Sida), saaqto darbazi, skolis moqmedi bufeti, pandusi, biblioTeka,

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wignebis fondi (raodenoba), saskolo Senobebis raodenoba, kompiuterebis raodenoba, internetTan wvdoma, saskolo inventaris mdgomareoba, sabunebismetyvelo sagnebis laboratoriebi. skolis usafrTxoeba: daraji/dacvis policia, mandaturi, Robe, video Tvali, evakuaciis gegma. swavla/swavleba: seqtori, damatebiTi seqtori, profiluri skola, inkluziuri swavleba, sportuli wreebi, gaxangrZlivebuli swavleba, orcvliani swavleba, Tanamedrove teqnologiebis gamoyeneba saswavlo procesSi, standarts zeviT swavleba, damatebiTi wreebi. maswavleblis kvalifikacia: maswavleblebis raodenoba, romlebmac gaiares profesiuli ganviTarebis treningi, sertificirebuli maswavleblebis raodenoba, sertificirebuli maswavleblebi, romlebmac Caabares kompiuterisa da inglisuris gamocda, sertificirebuli maswavleblebi, romlebic moxvdnen 25%-Si, hyavs Tu ara skolas mentori maswavlebeli, maswavlebeli magistris an doqtoris xarisxiT. skolis warmatebis monacemebi: hyavs Tu ara moswavleebi, romlebmac gadalaxes olimpiadis pirveli, meore etapi? olimpiadaSi gamarjvebuli moswavleebi, saerTaSoriso olimpiadis monawile moswavleebi? sabazo safexuris warCinebuli moswavleebi? saskolo atestati da umaRles saswavlebelSi swavlebis maCvenebeli: kompiuterisa da moswavlis Sfardeba, saskolo atestatis mqone moswavleTa raodenoba, hyavs Tu ara skolas oqros/vercxlis medalosani, umaRles saswavlebelSi Cabarebis msurvel moswavleTa raodenoba, umaRles saswavlebelSi Caricxul moswavleTa raodenoba, moswavleTa raodenoba. vinc miiRo saxelmwifo granti, moswavleTa raodenoba, vinc miiRo 50%-iani an meti saxelmwifo dafinanseba.

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gamoyenebuli literatura
1. damxmare saxelmZRvanelo skolis direqtorisTvis, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri, 2011.120-151 2. mark Sapiro, Siro nakata, lela Caxaia. `ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da ganmtkicebis proeqtis Sefaseba . proeqti `ilia WavWavaZe.2008. 170-180. 3. naTia andRulaZe, sofio gorgoZe, Tamar mosiaSvili, simon janaSia. `bavSvze orientirebuli skolis gzamkvlevi. samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti. (2012) 7-32 4. sofio gorgoZe, giorgi mSvenieraZe, Tamar mosiaSvili. `usafrTxo skola sazogadoebis Tanamonawileobis gareSe. samoqalaqo ganviTarebis instituti. (2012). 7-14. 5. Policies for Schools, Supervision of Pupils Policy, http://www.policiesforschools.co.uk/. (Accessed May 18, 2012) 6. Schools Policies and Procedures. School Activities https://www. det.nsw.edu.au/policiesinter/category.do?level=Schools (Accessed April 12, 2012) 7. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri. maswavleblis profesiuli standarti. 2008. http://www.tpdc.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=articl e&id=36&Itemid=97&lang=ka (nanaxia 15 marts, 2012) 8. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis erovnuli centri. direqtoris profesiuli standarti. http:// www.tpdc.ge/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=8 249&Itemid=99&lang=ka (nanaxia 15 marts, 2012) (nanaxia 15 marts, 2012) 9. maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sqema, http:// www.tpdc.ge/uploads/folder/profesiuli_ganvitarebis_spema.pdf nanaxia 2012 wlis 28 ivniss) 10. maswavleblis profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi, 2010 http://

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tpdc.ge/uploads/pdf_documents/maszavleblis_eTikis%20kodeqsikodeqsi.pdf (nanaxia 2012 wlis 28 ivniss); 11. direqtoris eTikis kodeqsi, 2010 http://tpdc.ge/uploads/ pdf_documents/skolisdirektoris_kodeqsi%20(1).pdf, (nanaxia 2012 wlis 28 ivniss); 12. moswavlis qcevis kodeqsi, 2010 http://tpdc.ge/uploads/ pdf_documents/moswavlis_kodeqsi%20(1).pdf, (nanaxia 2012 wlis 28 ivniss); 13. kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb, 2005 http://tpdc.ge/ uploads/news/zogadi_ganatlebis_Sesaxeb_kanoni.pdf (nanaxia 2012 wlis 15 marts)

kvleva Catarda socielur mecnierebaTa centris ganaTlebis programis farglebSi

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