Hp ph than hot tnh trong x l nc cp.

Mc lc:
I. Gii thiu v than hot tnh. II. ng dng than hot tnh trong nc cp. III. Kt lun.

I. Than hot tnh

1. Than hot tnh l mt cht gm ch yu l nguyn t cacbon. Nguyn liu: cht hu c: than ci, v u, v da,

2. c im.
Cu to: thnh phn ca than hot tnh bao gm cc nguyn t: 88%C, 6-7%O, 0.5%H, 0.5%N, 1.0%S. Hnh dng: thng dng ht v dng bt.

a. Din tch b mt ca than hot tnh: c 1 gram s c b mt khong 500-2500 m2.

b. c. d. e. f.

Cu trc tinh th. Cu trc xp. Cu trc ha hc ca cacbon b mt. chua b mt ca cacbon. Tnh k nc.

II. ng dng than hot tnh trong nc cp.

S hp thu ca than hot tnh i vi cc kim loai nng nh As,Hg.Cd,Pb.. Cc kim loi nng trong nc gy nh hng ln n sc khe ca con ngi khi s dng nc.

 a. Thy ngn.

Cc yu t nh hng n s hp thu Hg(II) ca than hoat tnh.

S nh hng ca pH n s hp thu ca than hot tnh i vi Hg(II)

 b. Arsen

nh hng ca pH ti s hp thu As ca than hot tnh

 c. Ch

nh hng ca pH ti s hp thu Pb ca than hot tnh.

Loi b cadmium ra khi nc bng phng php hp ph

- Cadmium l mt kim loi c hi c tm thy cc nh my nu v tinh ch qung km hoc sn xut pin.
- S lng ht bm cd(II) rt nh ti gi tr PH<3 nhng tng ng k ti PH>8. - Bng cch tng liu lng carbon,vic tng liu lng cadmium c th tng ln 3 ln .

 nng thp th cadmium c hp ph ti a

Hp ph tng mnh trong khong PH 3-5 v t gi tr khng i PH cao hn.

Than hot tnh hp ph cc hp cht phenol

Phenol v dn xut ca n nh phenolmethyl.ethylphenol v dimethylphenol v to thnh mt nhm cc cht gy nhim.chng lun hin din trong nc thi.

Kh nng hp th ca than hot tnh ph thuc vo din tch b mt v l rng kh ca cacbon

S hin din ca phenol trong nc ung s sinh ra chlorophenol c mi hi trong qu trnh kh trng nc

S hin din ca nhm b mt c tnh acid s c ch kh nng hp ph ca phenol

THAN HOT TNH HP PH HP CHT HU C CA HALOGEN

Nm 1947, ln u tin pht hin ra hydrocarbon halogen v trihalogenmetan-THM trong nc. T THM c quan st thy trong tt c cc ngun nc s dng Clo lm cht kh trng Cc hydrocarbon halogen v cc THM c hnh thnh trong qu trnh kh trng nc bng Cl, trong Cl phn ng vi mt s cht hu c t nhin nh humic, acid fulvic c sinh ra t qu trnh phn hy Cc THM gy nhim nht: CHCl3, CHCl2Br, CHClBr2, CHBr3

 THM cng phn cc th cng t b THT hp ph. ln hp ph CHBr3 > CHClBr2 > CHCl2Br >CHCl3 1ct GAC su 3 feet c th loi hn 90%cloroform ca dng thi trong 9 tun lin tc THT c nhiu l xp mn hn th hp ph tt hn THT cn c ti to thng xuyn do kh nng hp ph gim dn ca n

THAN HOT TNH HP PH NITRO V CC HP CHT AMIN

Cc hp cht nitro c hi thng c trong nc thi t qu trnh sn xut thuc n v cc ngnh cng nghip v kh ng hp ph ng nhit ca nitrobenzene trn cc loi than hot tnh khc nhau vi din tch b mt khc nhau

 Mt hp cht ca amin l nitrosoamines c th gy ung th c thi ra t mt s ngnh cng nghip ha cht. 1L nc c lc qua 23g THT 4050L/h/kg loi c 99% dimethyl, diethyl v nitrosoamine diphenyl THT hp th amin l mt phn ng trung ha gia nhm acid trn b mt C v nhm NH2 ca amin

THAN HOT TNH HP PH THUC BO V THC VT

Ha cht BVTV gm:thuc tr su, thuc dit to, thuc dit nm v cc ha cht nng nghip khc. c tnh c hn 1500 loi thuc tr su sn xut v hn 8000 loi thuc do ngi dn t ch bin TTS cng c kh nng ha tan trong nc cao (tc l cht b ht bm yu) th cng kh b hp ph PAC c th x l nc nhiu hn 6 ln so vi lng GAC tng ng

loi b cc loi TTS t nc bng cch s dng cc phng php khc nhau bao gm kt lun rng hp ph THT c tim nng ln nht.

Mu

_Mu thng do cc cht bn trong nc to nn: axit

hu c, cht to mu, axit humic... _ Hp cht st ha tan nc c mu nu _ Cc loi thy sinh nc mu xanh l cy _ Nc thi sinh hot, cng nghip nc mu xm en _ Cc cht humic nc mu nu vng

 Mi

_ Cc cht kh v cc cht ha tan trong nc

nc c mi v v
_ Nc c mi: mi t, mi tanh, mi thi hoc mi c trng ca ha cht ha tan: Clo, amoniac, Sulfur Hydro _ Nc c v: mn, ngt, cht,...ty thnh phn cht lng v hm lng cht ha tan.

Kh mi bng phng php dng than hat tnh Cc loi than hot tnh thng dng l: than awngtraxit, than cc, than bch dng hay than bn dng bt cho vo nc. Than hot tnh dng trong cc b lc c kch thc d= 13mm, chiu dy lp than l = 1,5 4m, tc lc t 50m/h

 _ Khi nc c mi khng thng xuyn m ch xy ra vo tng thi k nht nh, th phng php dng b lc than s khng kinh t. Khi c th kh mi bng bt than vi liu lng khng vt qu 12mg/l. C th dng 5 7mg cho vo b trn, cn li khng qu 5mg/l cho vo trc b lc trnh rt ngn chu k lc do nh hng ca bt than.

Khi lng than hot tnh ly bng 0,06 0,12m3 cho 1m3 nc tnh trong 1h

4 ) ng dng trong quy trnh x l nc cp a ) V tr ca b lc than hot tnh:

Thng ng sau b lc ct (Sand Filter) Thng ng trc cc h thng mng lc(MicroFiltration, UltraFiltration, NanoFiltration, RO_Reserve Osmosis, Ion Exchange, HSRO_High speed Reserve Osmosis, HSUF_High speed UltraFiltration...)

4 ) ng dng trong quy trnh x l nc cp

4 ) ng dng trong quy trnh x l nc cp

4 ) ng dng trong quy trnh x l nc cp

4 ) ng dng trong quy trnh x l nc cp

*+Cc yu t nh hng:
Tng th tch l xp trn mt n v th tch hay khi lng than hot tnh Cnssg khuy trn c tnh ca cht hp ph pH, nhit , p sut Nng dung cht nht ca dung dch
B dy ca lp than hot tnh

4 ) ng dng trong quy trnh x l nc cp

Kch thc cc b lc than hot tnh - 4 thng s. Kch thc ht Tc lc chn t 5 11 mss/h Thi gian tip xc ca nc v vt liu lc Chiu dy lp lc Ra lc theo tn tht p lc Thi gian ra t 9- 15 pht, cng ra ph thuc vo c ht, nhit , chiu dy lp lc 8 12L/sm2. Kim tra hin tng sinh hc

4 ) ng dng trong quy trnh x l nc cp

Hiu qu hp ph: Thng thng t khong 80 95%. Chu k gii hp: 6-12 thng Cc phng php ti sinh than hot tnh hiu qu: Ti sinh bng hi Ti sinh bng nhit Ti sinh ha hc Ti sinh sinh hc

Ti liu tham kho

S tay x l nc tp 1 Nxb Xy dng H Ni 1999 Cng ngh mi trng tp 1 x l nc PGS.TS Hong Vn Hu - Trng i hc kin trc H Ni Nxb Xy Dng H Ni 2004 Gio trnh x l nc cp Ths Nguyn Cng Nguyn Lt 2010 Gio trnh k thut x l nc v nc thi Ths L Quang Huy Lt 2010 Gio trnh k thut x l cht thi cng nghip PGS.TS Nguyn Vn Phc (ch bin) Tnh ton cc cng trnh x l v phn phi nc cp Trnh Xun Lai - Nxb Xy dng H Ni 2008 H thng x l nc cp ca n

Cm n s theo di ca THY v cc BN