GATE-2010

1. The eigen values of a skew-symmetric matrix are

(A) Always zero
(B) Always pure imaginary
(C) Either zero or pure imaginary
(D) Always real
Soln.1 A skew symmetric matrix is a square matrix and has property
that a
ij
= -a
ji
for all n , n
11 12 1
21 22 2
1 2
...
...
... ... ... ...
...
n
n
n n nn
a a a
a a a
A
a a a



=




Diagonal entries are zero
i.e. a
ii
= o
It has the properties
(i) A
T
= -A where A
T
is matrix transpose.
(ii) All Eigen values of skew symmetric matrices are imaginary or zero.
Option (C) is the correct

2. The trigonometric Fourier series for the waveform f(t) shown below contains


(A) Only cosine terms and zero value for the dc component
(B) Only cosine terms and a positive value for the dc component
(C) Only cosine terms and a negative value for the dc component
(D) Only sine terms and a negative value for the dc component
Soln.2 The function f (t) is an even function and is symmetric to y- axis so it contains only
cosine terms.
GATE-2010

Note that the positive part of waveform has amplitude A while the negative part has
amplitude 2A.
DC value is the average value i.e. the area of the waveform lying above and below this line
will be equal. So the line for average value will be shifted to negative value, so DC value is
negative.
Option (C) is correct

3. A function n(x) satisfied the differential equation d
2
n(x)/dx
2
-n(x)/L
2
= 0 where L is a
constant. The boundary conditions are: n(0)=K and n() =0. The solution to this equation is
(A) n(x) = K exp(x/L) (B) n(x) = K exp(-x/L )
(C) n(x) = K
2
exp(-x/L) (D) n(x) = K exp(-x/L)
Soln.3 Given differential eqn. is

d
2
dx
2
n()
n(x)
L
2
= u
Let =
d
dx


2

1
L
2
n() = u
or,
2

1
L
2
= u
or, = _
1
L

So, the solution is
n() =
1

x
L
,
+
2

-x
L
,


Applying the boundary conditions
n(0)=K i.e. n(0)=C
1
+C
2
=K
n()=0 then n()=0 C
1
=0
So C
2
=K
Thus n(x) =K exp(-x/L)
Option (D) is correct.





GATE-2010
4. For the two-port network shown below, the short-circuit admittance parameter matrix is



Soln. (4)

V1 V2
1
2
1

0.5
0.5
0.5
I
2
I
2

The governing eqn. for the admittance matrix is
_
I
1
I
2
_ = _

11

12

21

22
_ _

2
_
I
1
=
11

1
+
12

2

I
2
=
21

1
+
22

2


11
=
I
1
v
1
|
v
2=0
=
1
0.50.5
=
1
0.25
= s


12
=
I
1
v
2
|
v
1=0
=
1
0.5
= 2
v

0.5
0.5
I

21
=
I
2
v
1
|
v
2=0
=
1
0.5
= 2
v
2
0.5
0.5
I

0.5


22
=
I
2
v
2
|
v
1=0
=
1
0.50.5
=
1
0.25
= s

GATE-2010

5. For parallel RLC circuit, which one of the following statements is NOT correct?
(A) The bandwidth of the circuit deceases if R is increased
(B) The bandwidth of the circuit remains same if L is increased
(C) At resonance, input impedance is a real quantity
(D) At resonance, the magnitude of input impedance attains its minimum value.
Soln. (5) Parallel RLC circuit has the following characteristic equation.
s
2
+
1
RC
s +
1
LC
= u
Where
1
RC
is the bandwidth
From the above eqn. we can draw the following conclusions:
Bandwidth RLC circuits independent of L
At resonance, imaginary part of input impedance is zero, i.e. It is real.
At resonance the admittance is minimum thus input impedance is maximum.
Thus the option (D) is correct

6. At room temperature, a possible value for the mobility of electrons in the inversion layer of a
silicon n-channel MOSFET is
(A) 450 cm
2
/V-s
(B) 1350 cm
2
/V-s
(C) 1800 cm
2
/V-s
(D) 3600 cm
2
/V-s
Soln.(6) Option (B) is correct

7. Thin gate oxide in a CMOS process in preferably grown using
(A) wet oxidation (B) dry oxidation
(C) epitaxial deposition (D) ion implantation
Soln.(7) Dry oxidation alone can provide uniform film with good dielectric properties for thin gate
oxide in a CMOS
Option (B) is correct




GATE-2010
8. In the silicon BJT circuit shown below, assume that the emitter area of transistor Q
1
is half
that of transistor Q
2
.


The value of current I
0
is approximately
(A) 0.5 mA (B) 2mA
(C) 9.3 mA (D) 15mA
Soln. (8)

-10V
Q1 Q2
+
-
+
-
i1
R=9.3K

1
=700

2
=715
I
0
0.7V

KVL to circuit with Q
1

9.
1
+ u. = u


or
1
=
10-0.7
9.3
=
9.3
9.3
=


The emitter area of Q
1
is half that of transfer Q
2

So I
i
= I
0
/2
Therefore I
0
= 2mA
So option (B) is correct
GATE-2010
9. The amplifier circuit shown below uses a silicon transistor. The capacitors CC and CE can be
assumed to be short at signal frequency and the effect of output resistance r
0
can be ignored. If
CE is disconnected from the circuit, which one of the following statements is TRUE?


(A) The input resistance R
i
increases and the magnitude of voltage gain A
V
decreases
(B) The input resistance R
i
decreases and the magnitude of voltage gain A
V
decreases
(C) Both input resistance R
i
and the magnitude of voltage gain A
V
decrease
(D) Both input resistance R
i
and the magnitude of voltage gain A
V
increase
Soln. (9) By removing C
E
Input impedance increases by (1+[ R
E
)
Voltage gain decreases by the same factor

Option (A) is correct
10. Assuming the OP-AMP to be ideal, the voltage gain of the amplifier shown below is


(A) -R
2
/R
1
(B) -R
3
/R
1

(C) - (R
2
|| R
3
)/R
1
(D) - (R
2
+R
3
)/R
1

Soln. (10) Since the OP-AMP is ideal, voltage at point A will be zero. The above circuit can be
simplified to
GATE-2010
DC
V
i
R
1
R
3
V
0
A
R2
+
-

writing the current eqn.

v
i
-0
R
1
=
0-v
0
R
2
||R
3

or
v
0
v
i
=
R
2
||R
3
R
1

or

=
R
2
||R
3
R
1

The option (C) is correct
11. Match the logic gates in Column A with their equivalents in Column B.



(A) P2, Q-4, R-1, S-3 (B) P-4, Q-2, R-1, S-3
(C) P2, Q-4, R-3, S-1 (D) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1
Soln. (11) P gate = + = .
So P matches with 4 (P-4)
Q gate = . = +
Matches with (Q-2)
R gate Exor ie. = +
Now see gate 3 = . +

. = + ie. is EXOR gate

R matches with 3
Now gate 1
GATE-2010
. +

= + ie. Ex Nor ie. S

So S-1
Option D is correct
12. For the output F to be 1 in the logic circuit shown, the input combination should be


(A) A = 1, B= 1. C = 0 (B) A = 1, B= 0,C = 0
(C) A = 0, B= 1. C = 0 (D) A = 0, B= 0, C = 1
Soln. (12) Best way is to try the various inputs
(A) A=1, B=1,C=0
A=1, B=1 output of gate 1 is 0
output of gate 2 is 1
c=0 output of gate 3 is 0
with these inputs F = 0
similarly try options B & C both give F = 0
only option D ie
A = 0, B = 0, C = 1
Gate 1 output 0
Gate 2 output 1
C is 1
F = 1 Thus proved
Option (D) is correct
13. In the circuit shown, the device connected to Y
5
can have address in the range


GATE-2010

(A) 2000 - 20FF (B) 2D00 2DFF
(C) 2E00 2EFF (D) FD00 FDFF
Soln. (13) To connect to Y
5
, inputs CBA in 101
A
15
A
14
A
13
A
12
A
11
A
10
A
9
A
8
A
7
A
6
A
5
A
4
A
3
A
2
A
1
A
0
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 D 0 0 (Min.)
0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (Max.)

2 D F F
Option (B) is correct

14. Consider the z-transform X(z) = 5z
2
+ 4z
-1
+ 3; 0<|z| < . The inverse z-transform x[n] is
(A) 5[n + 2] + 3[n] + 4[n 1]
(B) 5[n - 2] + 3[n] + 4[n + 1]
(C) 5 u[n + 2] + 3 u[n] + 4 u[n 1]
(D) 5 u[n - 2] + 3 u[n] + 4 u[n + 1]
Soln. (14) We know that
o |n +n
0
]
n0

X(z)= 5z
2
+ 4z
-1
+3
0< || <
x(n) = 5 o (n +2) + o(n ) + o(n)
Option (A) is correct

15. Two discrete time systems with impulse responses h
1
[n] = [n -1] and h
2
[n] = [n 2] are
connected in cascade. The overall impulse response of the cascaded system is
(A) [n - 1] + [n - 2] (B) [n - 4]
(C) [n - 3] (D) [n - 1] [n - 2]
Soln. (15) We know

1
|n] = o|n ] E
1
() =
-1


2
|n] = o|n 2] E
2
() =
-2

Overall impulse response of cascaded systems in Z- domain:
GATE-2010
H(z) = H
1
(z) .H
2
(z)
= z
-1
. z
-2

= z
-3
Overall impulse response in discrete time domain is
|n] = o (n )
Option (C) is correct

16. For an N-point FFT algorithm with N = 2
m
which one of the following statements is TRUE?
(A) It is not possible to construct a signal flow graph with both input and output in normal
order
(B) The number of butterflies in the mth stage is N/m
(C) In-place computation requires storage of only 2N node data
(D) Computation of a butterfly requires only one complex multiplication
Soln. (16) Computation of a Butterfly requires only one complex multiplication for N point Fast
Fourier Transform (FFT) with N=2
m
.
It requires only one complex multiplication to compute a Butterfly
Option (D) is correct


17. The transfer function Y(s)/R(s) of the system shown is


(A) 0 (B) 1/(s+1) (C) 2/(s+1) (D) 2/(s+3)

Soln. (17)

P(s)

From the above diagram.
GATE-2010
P (s) = R (s) Q (s)
And (s) =
P(s)
S+1

P(s)
s+1
= u
So P(s) = R(s) -0 = R(s)
So (s) =
P(s)
s+1
=
R(s)
(s+1)

therefore
(s)
R(s)
=
1
(s+1)

Option (B) is correct
18. A system with transfer function Y(s)/X(s) = s/(s+p) has an output y(t) = cos(2t-/3) for the
input signal x(t) = p cos(2t - /2) Then, the system parameter p is
(A) 3 (B) 2/3 (C) 1 (D) 3/2
Soln. (18) From the given input and output signals, we can find the phase difference between the
output and input signals i.e.
=
n
3
(
n
2
) =
n
6
= u
0

and =2rad/sec. (from the given equation)
Given
(s)
X(s)
=
s
s+p
=
]o
]o+p

= 9u
0
on
-1
( / p)
Which is also 30
0

on
-1
2
p
= u
0
or,
2
p
= onu
0
= V or, p =
2
V3

Option (B) is correct



19. For the asymptotic Bode magnitude plot shown below, the system transfer function can be



(A) (10s+1)/(0.1s+1) (B) (100s+1)/(0.1s+1)
GATE-2010

(C) (100s)/(10s+1) (D) (0.1s+1)/(10s+1)
Soln. (19) At =0.1, slope changes from odB to +20dB
Factor +
1
0.1

So, system transfer function T(s) =
k1+
s
0.1

1+
s
10

=
k(10s+1)
0.1s+1

At =0.1, magnitude =0dB 20log k =0
or, k=1
thus T(s) =
1+10s
1+0.1s

Option (A) is correct

20. Suppose that the modulating signal is m(t) = 2cos (2f
m
t) and the carrier signal is x
c
(t) = A
c

cos(2f
c
t), which one of the following is a conventional AM signal without over-modulation?
(A) x(t) = A
cm
(t) cos(2f
c
t)
(B) x(t) = A
c
[1 + m(t)]cos(2f
c
t)
(C) x(t) = A
c
cos(2f
c
t) + Ac/4 m(t) cos(2f
c
t)
(D) x(t) = A
c
cos(2f
m
t) cos(2f
c
t) + Ac sin(2f
m
t) sin(2f
c
t)
Soln. (20) The conventional AM signal is given as
x(t) = A
c
[1+m(t)] cos 2f
c
t
= A
c
cos (2f
c
t) + A
c
m (t) cos 2f
c
t
Let us check option (B)
Modulation index =2/1=2
(since modulating signal has amplitude 2)
So, it is AM signal with over modulation.
Now check option (c)
X(t)=A
c
cos(2 f
c
t) +A
c
/4 m(t)cos(2 f
c
t)
Hence Modulation Index =2.A
c
/4 =1/2
Thus, it is AM signal without over modulation
Option (C) is correct
21. Consider an angle modulated signal x(t) = 6cos[2x10
6
t+2sin(8000t) +
4cos(8000t)] V. The average power of x(t) is :
(A) 10W (B) 18W (C) 20W (D) 28W
GATE-2010
Soln. (21) Angle modulated signal as given is
x(t) = 6 cos [2 . 10
6
+ 2 sin (8000t)+4 cos (8000t) V.
Here

c
= 2 x 10
6


m
= 800
so the wave is
x(t) = 6 cos [
c
t + 2 sin
m
t+4 cos
m
t]
Average power = (
v
c
V2
)
2
=(
6
V2
)
2
=36/2=18w
Option (B) is correct

22. If the scattering matrix [S] of a two port network is


then the network is
(A) lossless and reciprocal (B) lossless but not reciprocal
(C) not lossless but reciprocal (D) neither lossless nor reciprocal
Soln. (22) The given matrix is

= _
u.2 u.9
u.9 u.
_
Since, 0
0
=cos0+jsin0=1
90
0
=cos90
0
+jsin90
0

For reciprocal network S
ij
= S
ji
i.e. S
12
= S
21

In the present problem S
12
=S
21
= j 0.9
So the network is reciprocal.
Now it could be checked for the condition of lossless.
For the losses network s-matrix has to be unitary. It gives rise to two conditions
_|
n
|
2
= _
n
N
n=1

n
-
= ()
Or
GATE-2010

_
ns

n
- N
n=1
= u or s r (2)
Applying condition (1) to
_|
n
|
2

i.e. _
11
2
+
21
2
(I
st
con)
i.e. (0.2)
2
+ (j 0.9)
2

or, 0.04 0.81 1
so the network is not lossless
Option (C) is correct

23. A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50 and a resistance of 0.1 /m. if the
line is distortion less, the attenuation constant (in Np/m) is
(A) 500 (B) 5 (C) 0.014 (D) 0.002
Soln. (23) For distortion less line attenuation constant and velocity of propagation should be
independence of frequency.
Given
Z
0
= 50
R = 0.1 /m
Since the line is distortion less it should satisfy the following:
LG = CR
i.e.
L
C
=
R
u

Characteristic impedance

0
= _
L
C
= _
R
u

and Attenuation constant (o) = V = V
VR
Z0
.
Or =
R
z0

For the present case
=
0.1
50
=0.002 Np/m
Option (D) is correct

24. Consider the pulse shape s(t) as shown. The impulse response h(t) of the filter matched to this
pulse is
GATE-2010







Soln. (24) Given pulse shape S(t) is as shown
GATE-2010


Impulse response of the matched filter is h(t) =s(T-t)

s(T+t) is left side shifted version of s(t) by T.

s(T-t) is the mirror image of s(T+t) on the Y-axis.
Option (C) is correct
25. The electric field component of a time harmonic plane EM wave traveling in a nonmagnetic
lossless dielectric medium has an amplitude of 1 V/m. If the relative permittivity of the
medium is 4, the magnitude of the time-average power density vector (in W/m
2
) is:
(A) 1/30 (B) 1/60 (C) 1/120 (D) 1/240
Soln. (25) Given = V/m

r
= 4
Magnitude of the time average power density
GATE-2010

P
av =

L
2
2q

Where p = _
p

, _p
0
=
_

0
]
p =
_

0
4
0
=
q
0
2
=
120 n
2


u
=
1
2
2
120 n
2

=
1
120n
W/m
2

Option C is correct

26. If ey = X
1/x
, then y has a
(A) maximum at x= e (B) minimum at x= e
(C) maximum at x= e
-1
(D) minimum at x= e
-1

Soln. (26) Given:

=
1
x
,

Taking log, n
c
j = n
x
1
x
,

or, =
1
x
n
x

=
1
x
. n
x

Differentiating

d
dx
=
1
x
2
. n
x
+
1
x
.
1
x

=
In
x
x
2
+
1
x
2


d
dx
= u
rr,
1
x
2
{n
x
+] = u
or,
1
x
2
= u or, n
x
=
i.e. = or =
1
=

d
2

dx
2
=
2
x
3

1
x
3
n
x
2
x
3

For = ,

d
2

dx
2
=
2
c
3

1
c
3

2
c
3
=
1
c
3

GATE-2010
Since
d
2

dx
2
s ,
Hence maximum at x = e
Option (A) is correct

27. A fair coin is tossed independently four times. The probability of the event the number of
time heads shown up is more than the number of times tails shown up is : [2 marks]
(A) 1/16 (B) 1/8 (C) (D) 5/16
Soln. (27) There are only five events when the number of times heads show up is more than the
number of times tails show up are the following:
H H H H
H H H T
H H T H
H T H H
T H H H
Since the fair coin in tossed independently four times the probability of each event is

1
2

1
2

1
2

1
2
=
1
16

All the event are mutually exclusive so the total probability
=
1
1
+
1
1
+
1
1
+
1
1
+
1
1
=
5
1

Option (D) is correct
28. If A = xy x+ x2 y then c A.dl over the path shown in the figure is


(A) 0 (B) 2/3
(C) 1 (D) 23
GATE-2010

Soln. (28) Given

= o
x
+
2
o

n ] . or po son

= . o
x
+ o

= o
x
+ o

= +
2

From :- P Q = , = u

_

P
.

= _ . . . =

2
2

1
V3
,
2
V3
,
2
V3
,
1
V3
,

=
1
2

4
3

1
3
=
1
2


Q R =
2
V3
, = u

_

= __
2
V
]
2
=

( ) =
8

R S = , = u

GATE-2010

_

S
R
.

= _
1
V3
,
2
V3
,
=

2

2
=

2
_

] =

2


S P =
1
V3
, = u

_

= __

V
]
2
1
3
=

P
S
( ) =
2

o, _ . = _

+ _

.
R

+ _

.
S
R

+ _

P
S
.

=
1
2
+
8
3

3
2

2
3


_

=
Option C is correct

29. The residues of a complex function X(z) = (1-12z)/[z(z-1)(z-2)] at its poles are
(A) 1/2, -1/2 and 1 (B) 1/2, -1/2 and -1
(C) 1/2, -1 and -3/2 (D) 1/2, -1 and 3/2
Soln. (29) Given function
X() =
1-2z
z(z-1)(z-2)

To find residue at its poles
Residue at z = a of G(Z)= lim
zu
.( o) ()
Poles are at 0, 1 & 2
For Pole at 0
Residue:
1
= lim
z0
(1-2z)
z(z-1)(z-2)
=
1
2

For Pole at z = 1
GATE-2010

Residue:
2
= lim
z1
(1-2z)(z-1)
z(z-2)(z-1)
=
Pole at z =2

3
= lim
z2
(1-2z)(z-2)
z(z-1)(z-2)
=
3
2

Option C is correct

30. Consider differential equation dy(x)/dx - y(x) = x with the initial condition y(0) = 0. Using
Eulers first order method with a step size of 0.1, the value of y (0.3) is
(A) 0.01 (B) 0.031
(C) 0.0631 (D) 0.1
31. Given f(t) = L
-1
[(3s+1)/(s
3
+4s
2
+(k-3)s)]. If Limx f(t) = 1, then the value of k is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Soln. (31) lim
t
() = lim
s0
s (s)
Given that
(s) =
3s+1
s
3
+4 s
2
-(K-3)s

Since lim
t
() =
Thus, lim
s0
s
3s+1
s
3
+4s
2
+(K-3)s
=
= lim
s0

3s+1
s
2
+4s+(K-3)
=

1
K-3
=
or, K =
, = 4
Option (D) is correct

32. In the circuit shown, the switch S is open for a long time and is closed at t=0. The current i(t)
for t0+ is
GATE-2010


(A) i(t)=0.5-0.125e
-1000t
A (B) i(t)=1.5-0.125e
-1000t
A
(C) i(t)=0.5-0.5e
-1000t
A (D) i(t)=0.375e
-1000t
A
Soln. (32) At t = 0
-
, the circuit is shown below
1.5A
10
10
10
S
0.75A
0.75A

The current of 1.5A source will divide equally in both10 resistors
At t = 0
+


1.5A
15mH
10
10
10
S

Current in inductor will not change instantaneously, so the current of 0.75 mA which
was flowing through first 10 resister will get divided to this branch and the switch
branch
so, (u
+
) =
u.
2
= u.
() = u.
The current will divide into three 10 branches (inductor is short circuited)
() = () {() (u
+
)]
-Rt
L
,

Where R is equivalent resistor seen across L with current source opened.
GATE-2010
10
10 10 R

R = 10 + (10 10)
R = 10 + 5 = 15
() = u. (u. u.)
-15t1510
-3

() = u. u.2
-1000t
-

Option A is the correct
33. The current I in the circuit shown is


(A) -j1A (B) J1A (C) 0A (D) 20A
Soln. (33) The given circuit is redrawn

0
0
20
+
-
jL
1
jC
A
= 10
3
rad/Sec.
1

(L = 20mH , C = 50H)
At node A

v
A
-20
]oL
+
v
A
1
+
v
A
1
]oc
,
= u
GATE-2010

A

1
]oL
+ + c =
20
]oL


A

1
] . 10
3
. 20 . 10
-3
+ + . u
3
. u . u
-6
=
20
] .10
3
. 20 . 10
-3

or,
A

]
20
+ +
]
20
=
or,
u
= .
or, I =
v
A
1
= =
Option A is correct
34. In the circuit shown, the power supplied by the voltage source is



(A) 0W (B) 5W (C) 10W (D)
100W
Soln. (34) The given circuit is redrawn

i
i+
i+2

Since we have to find the power supplied by the voltage source.
So if we can find the current drawn from the source, power supplied can be evaluated.
So the loop considered is as shown in the figure.
Let the current drawn be I Amp. Current in different branches is as per the figure.
Applying KVL to the given loop
GATE-2010

10 = (i+3)(1+1) + (i+2)(1+1)
10 = 2i + 6 + 2i + 4
4i = 0
i = 0
Hence power drawn from the supply
P = V . i = 10 . 0 = 0 Watts
Option (A) is correct
35. In a uniformly doped BJT, assume that N
E
, N
B
and N
C
are the emitter, base and collector
dopings in atoms/cm3, respectively. If the emitter injection efficiency of the BJT is close
unity, which one of the following conditions is TRUE?
(A) N
E
=N
B
=N
C
(B) N
E
>>N
B
and >N
B
>N
C

(C) N
E
=N
B
and N
B
<N
C
(D) N
E
<N
B
<N
C

Soln. (35) For proper transistor action the lightly doped base between the heavily doped emitter
and moderately doped collector. Thus option B is the most nearest option
i.e. N
E
>>N
B
(Heavily doped emitter as compared to base)
N
B
>N
C
(it should be N
B
< N
C
)
Option B is correct
36. Compared to a p-n junction with N
A
=N
D
=10
14
/cm
3
, which one of the following statements is
TRUE for a p-n junction with N
A
=N
D
=10
20
/cm
3
?
(A) Reverse breakdown voltage is lower and depletion capacitance is lower
(B) Reverse breakdown voltage is higher and depletion capacitance is lower
(C) Reverse breakdown voltage is lower and depletion capacitance is higher
(D) Reverse breakdown voltage is higher and depletion capacitance is higher
Soln. (36) In the given problem the doping concentration has been increased significantly. With
increase in doping the breakdown voltage decreases. With more of doping depletion
width (d) decreases. Depletion capacitance is given by C = A/d, so it increases
Option C is correct
37. Assuming that flip-flops are in reset condition initially, the count sequence observed at Q
A
in
the circuit shown is
GATE-2010


(A) 0010111 (B) 0001011
(C) 0101111 (D) 0110100
Soln. (37) See the given diagram
Given all flip flops are in reset condition i.e. the outputs are 0 initially,

A
=
B
=
C
= u

A
= (
B

C
) =

B
=
A
= u Since connected together

C
=
B
= u
After one clock pulse:

A
= (content of D
A
transfers to Q
A
)

B
= u =
C

Now

A
= (
B

C
) =

B
=
A
=

C
=
B
= u
After two clock pulses

A
= ,
B
= ,
C
= u

A
=
B

C
= u

B

A
= ,
C
=
B
=
After three clock pulse

A
= u ,
B
= ,
C
=

A
=
B

C
=

B
=
A
= u ,
C
=
B
=
GATE-2010
So the sequence observed at

A
= uuuu.....
Option D is correct
38. The transfer characteristic for the precision rectifier circuit shown below is (assume ideal OP-
AMP and practical diodes)










Soln. (38) The above circuit can be redrawn as follows:
GATE-2010

-
+
R
4R
R
+20V
V
1 V
0
D
1
D
2
A

We choose the input voltage from one of the option say
V
1
= -10 V
Point A is at the ground potential

v
0
-0
R
=
0-20
4R
+
0-(-10)
R

or,
0
= + u =
Now at V
1
= -5 V

v
0
-1
R
=
0-20
4R
+
0-(-5)
R

or V
0
= -5+5 = 0 V
For V
1
> -5 V, both diodes are conducting
So, V
0
= 0
Thus option (B) is correct

39. The Boolean function realized by the logic circuit shown is



(A) F=m(0,1,3,5,9,10,14) (B) F=m(2,3,5,7,8,12,13)
(C) F=m(1,2,4,5,11,14,15) (D) F=m(2,3,5,7,8,9,12)
Soln. (39) The given logic circuit having 4 X 1 M U X
GATE-2010
=
1

0
I
0
+
1

0
I
1
+
1

0
I
2
+
1

0
I
3

n,
1
= ,
0
= , I
0
= , I
1
= , I
2
= , I
3
=
s, (, , , ) = + + +
= ( + ) + ( + ) + ( + ) +
=

= _ (2, , , , 8, 9, 2)
Option (D) is correct

40. For the 8085 assembly language program given below, the content of the accumulator after
the execution of the program is


(A) 00H (B) 45H (C) 67H (D) E7H
Soln. (40) Contents of various registers during the execution of the programs line by line are:
3000 MVI A, 45 H (Move 45 H to Acc)
(A) 0100 0101
3002 MOV B,A (Move the content of Acc. To B)
(B) 0100 0101
3003 STC (Set carry flag )
i.e. CS = 1
3005 CMC (complement the carry)
CS = 0
3005 RAR (Rotates the content of Acc. To right with carry)

0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1
i.e. 0010 0010
CS A7 A6
A1
A0 .
. . .
GATE-2010

3006 XRA B (Content of B is to be Ex-ored with Acc.)
(B) 0100 0101
(A) 0010 0010
A B
011 00111 (67H)
Option (C) is correct

41. A continuous time LTI system is described by
d
2
y(t)/dt
2
+ 4dy(t)/dt + 3y(t) = 2dx(t)/dt + 4x(t)
Assuming zero initial conditions, the response y(t) of the above system for the input x(t)=e
-
2t
u(t) is given by
(A) (e
t
-e
3t
)u(t) (B) (e
-t
-e
-3t
)u(t)
(C) (e
-t
+e
-3t
)u(t) (D) (e
t
+e
3t
)u(t)
Soln. (41) A CTLTI system is described by

d
2

dt
2
+
d
dt
+ () + 2
dx(t)
dt
+ ()
Since the system is continuous time LTI system we take Laplace transform on both
sides, assuming zero initial condition.
s
2
+ (s) + s (s) + (s) = 2s X(s) + . X(s)
or,
(s)
X(s)
=
2s+4
s
2
+4s+3
=
2(s+2)
(s+1)(s+3)

Given that input is () =
-2t
()
X(s) =
1
s+2

(s) =
2(s+2)
(s+1)(s+3)(s+2)

=
2
(s+1)(s+3)

=
1
s+1

1
s+3

Taking inverse Laplace transform on both sides
() = (
-t

-3t
)()
Option B is correct

GATE-2010

42. The transfer function of a discrete time LTI system is given by
() =
2-
3
4
z
-1
1-
3
4
z
-1
+
1
8
z
-2

Consider the following statements:
S1: The system is stable and causal for ROC:|z|>
S2: The system is stable but not causal for ROC:|z|<
S3: The system is neither stable nor causal for ROC: <|z|<
Which one of the following statements is valid?
(A) Both S1 and S2 are true (B) Both S2 and S3 are true
(C) Both S1 and S3 are true (D) S1, S2 and S3 are all true
Soln. (42) E(Z) =
2-
3
4
z
-1
1-
3
4
z
-1
+
1
8
z
-2

=
1-
1
4
z
-1
+ 1-
1
2
z
-1

1-
1
4
z
-1
1-
1
2
z
-1


or, E(Z) = (( (2 ) ^() ) ) + (( ^() ) )
ROC due to first term.

1
2

-1
> or, || >
1
2

2
nd
term given rise to

1
4

-1
> or, || >
1
4

Intersection of these ROCs

1
4
< || <
1
2

For ROC || >
1
2
the system is stable and causal
for ROC (composite ROC)
i.e.
1
4
< || <
1
2

In this case ROC is not exterior of |z| > 12 so not causal
ROC does not include the unit circle so not stable.
Option (C) is correct

GATE-2010


43. The Nyquist sampling rate for the signal s(t) = sin(500t)/t x sin(700t)/t is given by
(A) 400 Hz (B) 600 Hz
(C) 1200Hz (D) 1400 Hz

Soln. (43) Given

s(t)=sIn(500nt)
nt

sIn(700nt)
nt

Using the intently
2sinA sinB = cos(A-B) cos(A+B)
so, s() =
1
2n
2
t
2
|cos(2uun) cos(2uun)]
here
mux
= 2uun
mux
=
1200n
2n
= uu E
z

So,
s
= 2
m
= 2 uu = 2uu E
z

Option C is correct

44. A unity negative feedback closed loop system has a plant with the transfer function G(s) =
1/(s
2
+2s+2) and a controller Gc(s) in the feed forward path. For a unit set input, the transfer
function of the controller that gives minimum steady state error is
(A) Gc(s) = (s+1)/(s+2) (B) Gc(s) = (s+2)/(s+1)
(C) Gc(s) = [(s+1)(s+4)]/[(s+2)(s+3)] (D) Gc(s) = 1 + 2/s + 3s
Soln. (44) Block diagram of the system is as follows



s
= (s) (s)
or,
s
= (s) (s) . (s) .
c
(s)
or,
R
s
1+u(s)u
c
(s)

GATE-2010
Since input is unity
Then (s) =
1
s

Given (s) =
1
s
2
+2s+2

Lim
s-0
(s) =
1
0+0+2
=
1
2
= u.
Steady state error (
ss
) = lim
s-0
s(s)
= lim
s-0
s. R(s)
1+u(s)u
c
(s)

= lim
s-0
s. R(s)
1+u(s)u
c
(s)

=
1
1+IIm
s-0
u(s) IIm
s-0
u
c
(s)

=
1
1+0.5 .IIm
s-0
u
c
(s)

For e
ss
to be minimum G
c
(s) should be maximum.
In option (D)

() = 1 +
2

+ 3 (since
-

() = )
Option (D) is correct

45. X(t) is a stationary process with the power spectral density Sx(f)>0 for all f. The process is
passed through a system shown below.


Let Sy(f) be the power spectral density of Y(t). Which one of the following statements is
correct?
(A) Sy(f)>0 for all f (B) Sy(f)=0 for |f|>1kHz
(C) Sy(f)=0 for f=nfo, fo=2kHz, n any integer
(D) Sy(f)=0 for f=(2n+1)fo=1kHz, n any integer
Soln. (45) From the given system diagram

i
() =
d
dt
|() +( )]
Taking Fourier on either side

i
() = |() +
-]2n]1
. ()]
GATE-2010

or, E
i
() =

,
(])
x(])
= | +
-]2n]1
]
E^ () = | + cos2n sn2n]
|E^ () |^2 = ^2 |2 + 2cos2n]
= 2^2 | + cos2n]

0
= |E()|
2
.

0
= 2
2
| + cos2n] .

+ cos2n] = u or = ((2n + ))2

() = u or = (2n +)
0
where f
0
= 1 KHz and n an integer
Option D is correct
46. A plane wave having the electric field component Ei = 24cos(3x10
8
t-y)z V/m and traveling
in free space is incident normally on a lossless medium with =o and =9
0
which occupies
the region y0. The reflected magnetic field component is given by
(A) [cos(3x10
8
t+y)
x
] /10 A/m (B) [cos(3x10
8
t+y)
x
] /20 A/m
(C) -[cos(3x10
8
t+y)
x
] /20 A/m (D) -[cos(3x10
8
t+y)
x
] /10 A/m
Soln. (46) Given

= 2cos( u
8
[) o
z

Above given Electric field component is in Z direction and the wave is travelling in
y-direction.
We can write the magnetic field component which is normal to y
i.e. E

=
1
q
(o

)
= (2 cos)2un ( u^8 [) o _
E

=
1
5n
. cos ( u
8
[)o
x


H
r
H
i
=
q
1
- q
2
q
1
+ q
2
=
_

0
e
1
-_

0
e
2
_

0
e
1
+_

0
e
2

=
V
c
2

V
c
1
V
c
2
+
V
c
1
=
V9 V1
V9 + V1

=
3-1
3+1
=
2
4
=
1
2

Thus, E

=
1
10n
cos( u
8
+ [) o
x

This indicates that the reflected wave is travelling in y direction
Option A is correct
GATE-2010

47. In the circuit shown, all the transmission line sections are lossless. The Voltage Standing
Wave Ration (VSWR) on the 60W line is

(A) 1.00 (B) 1.64 (C) 2.50 (D) 3.00
Soln. (47) The circuit is redrawn

z
0
=60
z
0
=30V2 z
L
=30
z
2
z
1
z
0
=30
/4
/8
short

The expression for the input impedance of the line is

n
=
0

z
L
+ ]z
0
tan[I
z
0
+ ]z
L
tan[I

Input impedance due to shorted /8 stub is

1
= u
0+] tan
2n
z

Z
8

30+0


1
= u
Input impedance due to
Load
L
(= uu)

2
= uV2
30+] 30 V2tan
2n
Z

Z
4

30V2 +] 30tan
2n
Z

Z
4

= uV2 _
30
tann
2
,
+] 30V2
30V2
tann
2
,
+ ] 30
_
GATE-2010
Z
2
= uu
Now load impedance is

L
=
1
+
2
= u +u
Magnitude of reflection coefficient

|p| =
z
L
z
0
z
L
+ z
0
=
60+] 30-60
60+] 30+60

=
] 30
120+] 30
=
] 1
4+]

=
1
V16+1
=
1
V17

=
1 + |p|
1- |p|
=
1+
1
V1
1-
1
V1
= .
Option B is correct

COMMON DATA QUESTIONS: 48 & 49
Consider the common emitter amplifier shown below with the following circuit parameters:
=100, g
m
=0.3861 A/V, r
0
= , r
p
=259 W, R
S
=1kW, R
B
=93KW, R
C
=250 W, R
L
=1kW, C
1
=
and C
2
=4.7mF.



48. The resistance seen by the source Vs is
(A) 258 (B) 1258
(C) 93 K (D)
Soln. (48) Equivalent model for the given circuit is
GATE-2010




c
=
[
g
m
=
100
0.3861
= 29u
Resistance seen by the source V
s


n
i
=
s
+ (]
B
| |
c
)
= 1000 +
93000259
93000+259


n
i
= uuu +28 = 28u
Option B is correct.

49. The lower cut-off frequency due to C
2
is
(A) 33.9 Hz (B) 27.1 Hz
(C) 13.6 Hz (D) 16.9 Hz
Soln. (49) Lower cutoff frequency due to C
2


L
=
1
2n(R
c
+R
L
)C
2

=
1
2n(250+1000)4.710
-6


L
= 2.E
z

Option B is correct






GATE-2010
COMMON DATA QUESTIONS: 50 & 51
The signal flow graph of a system is shown below.


50. The state variable representation of the system can be



Soln. (50) Soln. (50) From signal flow graph

2
= 2(s)
1


1
=
2

1

= (
1
+
2
) u. = u.(
1
+
2
)
|] = |u. u.]

2


1
=
1
+
2


2
=
1
+ 2(s)
_

2
_ =

u

2
+
u
2

Thus, Option (D) is correct



GATE-2010
51. The transfer function of the system is
(A) (s+1)/(s
2
+1) (B) (s-1)/(s
2
+1)
(C) (s+1)/(s
2
+s+1) (D) (s-1)/(s
2
+s+1)
Soln.(51)

(s) =
(s)
0(s)
= _
P
K
A K
A
K

Where
P
K
is the gain of the forward path between U(s) and Y(s)
is the determinant of the graph
= _Ioop ons + _non ocn oop ons on o o o
_(non ocn oop ons on r o o )+ . . . . . . . . .
= _I
1
+_I
2
_I
3
+_I
4
.......
A
K
= A _oop on rs s A o oc K
th
oror po .

1
=
2.
s
.

s
. . u. =

s
2


2
= 2 .
1
s
. . u. =
1
s

I
1
=
1
s
I
2
=
1
s
2

A =
1
s

1
s
2

= +
1
s
+
1
s
2

A
1
= 1, A
2
= 2

(s)
0(s)
=
1
s
2
.1 .+
1
s
.1
1+
1
s
+
1
s
2

=
s+1
s
2
+s+1


Option (C) is correct

GATE-2010
Linked Answer Question: Q. 52 to Q. 53 Carry Two Marks Each
Statement of Linked Answer Questions: 52 & 53
The silicon sample with unit cross-sectional area shown below is in thermal equilibrium. The
following information is given: T=300K, electronic charge=1.6x10-19C, thermal
voltage=26mV and electron mobility = 1350cm2/V-s


52. The magnitude of the electric field at x=0.5 m is
(A) 1kV/cm (B) 5kV/cm (C) 10 kV/cm (D) 26kV/cm
Soln. (52) For the given silicon sample the electric field will be given
=
1v
1m

=
1
10
-6
= 10
6
V/m
= uK V/cm
This electric field will remain the same throughout the given sample.
Option C is correct.

53. The magnitude of the electron drift current density at x=0.5 m is
(A) 2.16x10
4
A/cm
2
(B) 1.08x10
4
A/cm
2

(C) 4.32x10
3
A/cm
2
(D) 6.48x10
2
A/cm
2

Soln. (53) Electronic drift current in given by
[ =

p
= 10
16
1.6 10
-19
135 10 10
3

= 2.16 10
4
A/cm
2
Option A is correct

GATE-2010
Statement of Linked Answer Questions: 54 & 55
Consider a baseband binary PAM receiver shown below. The additive channel noise n(t) is whit with
power spectral density SN(f)=N0/2=10-20 W/Hz. The low-pass filter is ideal with unity gain and
cutoff frequency 1MHz. Let Yk represent the random variable y(tk).
Yk=Nk if transmitted bit bk=0
Yk=a+Nk if transmitted bit bk=1
Where Nk represents the noise sample value. The noise sample has a probability density
function, PNk(n)=0.5e-|n| (This has mean zero and variance 2/2). Assume transmitted bits
to be equiprobable and threshold z is set to a/2=10-6V.


54. The value of the parameter (in V-1) is
(A) 10
10
(B) 10
7

(C) 1.4
14
x10
-10
(D) 2x10
-20

Soln. (54) Given:
Power spectral density

N
() =
N
0
2
= u
-20
W/H
z

In time domain
() =
N
0
2
o()
Power = 2

0
2
1 10
6

= 2 10
-14

Variance
2
u
2

Which is equal to power since mean is zero
o = u
7

Option (B) is correct
GATE-2010

55. The probability of bit error is
(A) 0.5xe
-3.5
(B) 0.5xe
-5

(C) 0.5xe
-7
(D) 0.5xe
-10

Soln. (55) Probability of
Bit error = ] u.

-
o
-k|n|

= u.
-10

10
-6

= u.
-10

Option (D) is correct

Question No. 56-60 One Mark Each

56. Which of the following options is the closest in meaning to the world below: Circuitous
(A) Cyclic (B) Indirect
(C) Confusing (D) Crooked
Soln. (56) Circuitous means deviating from a straight course Indirect
(A) Cyclic : Recurring in cycle
(B) Indirect : Not leading by a straight line
(C) Confusing : Lacking Clarity
(D) Crooked : Irregular shape
Option (B) is correct
57. The question below consists of a pair of related of related words followed by four pairs of
words. Select the pair that best expresses the relation in the original pair.
Unemployed: Worker
(A) fallow : land (B) unaware : sleeper
(C) wit : jester (D) renovated : house
Soln. (57) Unemployed worker Here one is opposite to other
(A) Fallow : land Undeveloped
LandAppropriate choice.

(B) Unaware : steeper , both mean the same

GATE-2010

(C) Wit : Jester to make jokes and jester is a joker
(D) Renovated : Homes House can be renovated.
Option (A) is correct

58. Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following
sentence:
If we manage to ________ our natural resources, we would leave a better planet for our
children.
(A) uphold (B) restrain
(C) Cherish (D) conserve
Soln. (58) (A) Uphold : cause to remain not appropriate
(B) Restrain : Keep under control not appropriate
(C) Cherish : Be fond of not related
(D) Conserve : Keep in safety and project from harm decay,
Loss or destruction : Most appropriate
Option (D) is correct

59. Choose the most appropriate word from the options given below to complete the following
sentence:
His rather casual remarks on politics _________ his lack of seriousness about the subject.
(A) masked (B) belied
(C) betrayed (D) suppressed
Soln.(59) (A) Masked : Hide under a false appearance opposite.
(B) Belied : Be in contradiction with Not appropriation
(C) Betrayed : Reveal unintentionally most appropriate
(D) Suppressed: To put down by force or authority irrelevant
Option (C) is correct

GATE-2010

60. 25 persons are in a room. 15 of them play hockey, 17 of them play football and 10 of them
play both hockey and football. Then the number of persons playing neither hockey nor
football is:
(A) 2 (B) 17 (C) 13 (D) 3
Soln. (60) Using set theory.
n(A) : Number of people who play hockey =15
n(B) : Number of people who play football =17
n(AB) : persons who play both hockey and football = 10
n(AB) = persons who play either hockey or football or both.
Formula
n ( ) = n () + n () n ( )
n ( ) = + u = 22
Thus the people who play neither hockey nor football = 25 22 = 3
Other method

Hence, neither hockey nor football = 3 players.
Option (D) is correct
Question No. 61-65 Carry Two Mark Each
61. Modern warfare has changed from large scale clashes of armies to suppression of civilian
populations. Chemical agents that do their work silently appear to be suited to such warfare;
and regretfully, there exist people in military establishments who think that chemical agents
are useful tools for their cause.
which of the following statements best sums up the meaning of the above passage:
(A) Modern warfare has resulted in civil strife.
(B) Chemical agents are useful in modern warfare.
(C) Use of chemical agents in warfare would be undesirable.
(D) People in military establishments like to use chemical agents in war.
Soln. (61) (A) Modern warfare has resulted in civil strife : Not appropriate
(B) chemical agents are useful in modern war fare : Not appropriate
GATE-2010

(C) Use of chemical agents as war fare would be undesirable : Not appropriate or
wrong.
(D) people in military establishments like to use chemical agents in war : correct
choice.
Option (D) is correct

62. If 137+276=435 how much is 731+672?
(A) 534 (B) 1403
(C) 1623 (D) 1513
Soln. (62) Given 137+276=435
From the problem it is obvious that the addition is not in base 10, since the numbers add up to
different total in base 10 (which we use in daily life)
Intution: Consider units place and consider the total of 7+6 (base 10), which is 13 (base 10).
Since we have 5 in units place, the intuition would be that this would be base 8. Lets check
the sum for base 8 and the full sum matches., i.e
(137)
8
+(276)
8
= (435)
8


Now solve the addition in base 8
(731)
8
+(672)
8
= (1623)
8


I - 2 + =
- + = 2 cor
- + = cor
So option (C) is correct

63. 5 skilled workers can build a wall in 20 days; 8 semi-skilled worker can build a wall in
25days; 10 unskilled workers can build a wall in 30 days. If a team has 2 skilled, 6 semi-
skilled and 5 unskilled workers, how long will it take to build the wall?
(A) 20 days (B) 18 days
(C) 16 days (D) 15 days
Soln. (63) Per day work (Rate of 5 skilled workers)
=
1
20

So, Per day work of one skilled worker
GATE-2010

=
1
520

Per day work of rate of 8 semi-skilled workers
=
1
25

Per day work of rate of one semi-skilled worker
=
1
825
=
1
200

Per-day work of 10 skilled workers
=
1
30

Per-day work of one semi-skilled worker
=
1
1030
=
1
300

Thus total per day work of 2 skilled, 6 semi-skilled and 5 unskilled workers
=
2
100
+
6
200
+
5
300

=
12+18+10
600

=
40
600
=
1
15

Thus time to complete the work is 15 days
Option (D) is correct


64. Given digits 2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4 how many distinct 4 digit numbers greater than 3000 can be
formed?
(A) 50 (B) 51
(C) 52 (D) 54
Soln. (64) Given digits are
2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4
Numbers greater than 3000, will have either 3 or 4 in the thousands place. We can break this
into two parts, i.e. either thousands digit is 3 or it is 4.



GATE-2010

Ist case First digit = 3
Rest 3 digits can be combination of
234, or 3! = 6
223, or 3!/2! = 3
224, or 3!/2! = 3
332, or 3!/2! = 3
334 or 3!/2! = 3
442 or 3!/2! = 3
443 or 3!/2! = 3
444 or 1 = 1
So total combination = 25
II Case First digit = 4
Rest 3 digit may be combination of
234 or 6
223 or 3
224 or 3
332 or 3
334 or 3
442 or 3
443 or 3
444 or 1
333 or 1
Total combination = 26
Required answer = 25+26=51
Option (B) is correct




GATE-2010

65. Hari (H), Gita (G), Irfan (I) and Saira (S) are sibiligs (i.e. brothers and sisters). All were born
on 1st January. The age difference between any two successive siblings (that is born one after
another) is less than3 years. Given the following facts:
i. Hairs age + Gitas age > Irfans age + Sairas age.
ii. The age difference between Gita and Saira is 1 year. However, Gita is not the oldest and
Saira is not the youngest.
iii. There are not twins.
In what order were they born (Oldest first)?
(A) HSIG (B) SGHI
(C) IGSH (D) IHSG
Soln. (65) As given
H+G> I +S
I H< G S ___________________ (1)
And G S = 1 ___________________ (2)
From equations. (1) and (2), we get
I H < 1
H > I
So order is SGHI
Option B is correct