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Chap. 3.4 Mass Balance Reactive System Part B
Chap. 3.4 Mass Balance Reactive System Part B
2.
3.
Degree-of-Freedom Analysis
Independent Equation
Independent Equation
Algebraic equation are independent if we cannot obtain any one of them by adding and subtracting multiples of any of the others x + 2y = 4 [1] 3x + 6y = 12 [2] Only one independent equation because [2]= 3 x [1]
Independent Species
If two MOLECULAR species are in the SAME RATIO to each other wherever they appear in a process, balance on those species will not be independent (i.e. only one independent equation is get) Similarly
If two MOLECULAR species are in the SAME RATIO to each other wherever they appear in a process, balance on those n3 mol O species will not be independent 3.76 n3 mol N(i.e. only n1 mol O n4 mol CCl (v) one3.76 independent equation is get) n1 mol N
2
n2 mol CCl4(l)
Process Unit
n5 mol CCl4(l)
Since N2 and O2 have a same ratio wherever they appear on the flowchart (3.76 mol N2/ mol O2), only ONE independent balance can obtain. Let make a molecular balance on both species to prove it
[1]
If two ATOMIC species are in the SAME RATIO to each other wherever they appear in a process, balance on those n3 mol O species will not be independent 3.76 n3 mol N (i.e. only n1 mol O n4 mol CCl (v) one3.76 independent equation is get) n1 mol N
2
n2 mol CCl4(l)
Process Unit
n5 mol CCl4(l)
MUFLIS DALAM HARTA HANYA KEMISKINAN YANG SEMENTARA DI DUNIA, MUFLIS DALAM WATAK ADALAH KEMISKINAN TERBURUK DI DUNIA. IA
Independent Reaction
Used when we using either molecular species balance or extent of reaction method to analyze a balance on reactive process Chemical reaction are independent if the stoichiometric equation of any one of them cannot be obtained by adding and subtracting multiples of the stoichiometric equations of the others
Species Balance
of Reaction Species Balance
2.Extent
3.Molecular
No. of unknowns variables - No. of independent atomic species balance - No. of molecular balance on indep. nonreactive species - No. of other equation relating the variable
Extent of Reaction
No. of + No. of reaction - No. of species - No. of species unknowns variables independent chemical independent reactive independent nonreactive
Application of Method
C2H6 -------> C2H4 + H2
100 kmol C2H6/min
Reactor
2 unknowns variables (n1, n2) - 2 independent atomic species balance (C, H) - 0 molecular balance on indep. nonreactive species - 0 other equation relating the variable
[1]
Degree-of-freedom analysis
2 unknowns variables (n1,n2) 1 independent chemical reaction 3 independent reactive species (C2H6, C2H4,
+ H2) 0 independent nonreactive species 0 other equation relating the variable ============================= 0 No. of degree of freedom =============================
C2H6 C2H4 H2 :
Degree-of-freedom analysis
2 unknowns variables (n1, n2) +1 independent chemical reaction - 3 independent molecular species balance (C2H6, C2H4, H2) - 0 other equation relating the variable ============================= 0 No. of degree of freedom =============================
C2H6 Balance (input=output + cons.): 100 kmol C2H6/min = n1kmol C2H6/min + 40 kmol H2 gen X (1 kmol C2H6 cons/1 kmol H2 gen) n1= 60 kmol C2H6/min
Reactor
75 mol B/min
25 mol A/min
Purging
To prevent any inert or insoluble substance build up and accumulate in the system Purge stream and recycle stream before Product Freshand Feed Product after the purge have a same Separation Reactor Unit composition.
Recycle Purge
ANY QUESTIO