PANAMANIAN EDUCATION BUREAU COLEGIO FRANCISCO MORAZN English Depart ent EXECUTIVE SUMMARY TECHNIQUE: PROFESSOR!

"EREM#AS PIMENTEL SNC$EZ% Than&sgi'ing In 1621, the Plymouth colonists and Wampanoag Indians shared an autumn harvest feast that is acknowledged today as one of the first Thanksgiving celebrations in the colonies !or more than two centuries, days of thanksgiving were celebrated by individual colonies and states It wasn"t until 1#6$, in the midst of the %ivil War, that President &braham 'incoln proclaimed a national Thanksgiving (ay to be held each )ovember

The Ma()l*+er In )ovember 162*, the +ayflower landed at %ape %od, carrying passengers who created the first lasting ,uropean settlement in )ew ,ngland In -eptember 162*, a merchant ship called the +ayflower set sail from Plymouth, a port on the southern coast of ,ngland Typically, the +ayflower.s cargo was wine and dry goods, but on this trip the ship carried passengers/ 1*2 of them, all hoping to start a new life on the other side of the &tlantic )early 0* of these passengers were Protestant -eparatists1they called themselves 2-aints31who hoped to establish a new church in the )ew World Today, we often refer to the colonists who crossed the &tlantic on the +ayflower as 2Pilgrims 3 The Ma()l*+er !irst, the -eparatists returned to 'ondon to get organi4ed & prominent merchant agreed to advance the money for their 5ourney The 6irginia %ompany gave them permission to establish a settlement, or 2plantation,3 on the ,ast %oast between $# and 01 degrees north latitude 7roughly between the %hesapeake 8ay and the mouth of the 9udson :iver; &nd the <ing of ,ngland gave them permission to leave the %hurch of ,ngland, 2provided they carried themselves peaceably 3

In &ugust 162*, a group of about 0* -aints 5oined a much larger group of 7comparatively; secular colonists12-trangers,3 to the -aints1and set sail from ,ngland on two merchant ships/ the +ayflower and the -peedwell The -peedwell began to leak almost immediately, however, and the ships

headed back to port The travelers s=uee4ed themselves and their belongings onto the +ayflower and set sail once again

8ecause of the delay caused by the leaky -peedwell, the +ayflower had to cross the &tlantic at the height of storm season &s a result, the 5ourney was horribly unpleasant +any of the passengers were so seasick they could scarcely get up, and the waves were so rough that one 2-tranger3 was swept overboard and drowned 7It was 2the 5ust hand of >od upon him,3 8radford wrote later, for the young sailor had been 2a proud and very profane young man 3; The Ma()l*+er C* pa,t

&fter two miserable months at sea, the ship finally reached the )ew World There, the +ayflower.s passengers found an abandoned Indian village and not much else They also found that they were in the wrong place/ %ape %od was located at 02 degrees north latitude, well north of the 6irginia %ompany.s territory Technically, the +ayflower colonists had no right to be there at all In order to establish themselves as a legitimate colony 72Plymouth,3 named after the ,nglish port from which they had departed; under these dubious circumstances, 01 of the -aints and -trangers drafted and signed a document they called the +ayflower %ompact This %ompact promised to create a 2civil 8ody Politick3 governed by elected officials and 25ust and e=ual laws 3 It also swore allegiance to the ,nglish king

Pilgri

s Be)*re the Ma()l*+er

In 16*#, a congregation of disgruntled ,nglish Protestants from the village of -crooby, )ottinghamshire, left ,ngland and moved to 'eyden, a town in 9olland These 2-eparatists3 did not want to pledge allegiance to the %hurch of ,ngland, which they believed was nearly as corrupt and idolatrous as the %atholic %hurch it had replaced, any longer 7They were not the same as the Puritans, who had many of the same ob5ections to the ,nglish church but wanted to reform it from within ; The -eparatists hoped that in 9olland, they would be free to worship as they liked In fact, the -eparatists 7they called themselves 2-aints3; did find religious freedom in 9olland, but they also found a secular life that was more difficult to navigate than they.d anticipated !or one thing, (utch craft guilds e?cluded the migrants, so they were relegated to menial, low@ paying 5obs ,ven worse was 9olland.s easygoing, cosmopolitan atmosphere, which proved alarmingly seductive to some of the -aints. children 7These young people were 2drawn away,3 -eparatist leader

William 8radford wrote, 2by evill AsicB e?ample into e?travagance and dangerous courses 3; !or the strict, devout -eparatists, this was the last straw They decided to move again, this time to a place without government interference or worldly distraction/ the 2)ew World3 across the &tlantic Ccean

Pl(

*-th C*l*n( an. the First Than&sgi'ing

The colonists spent the first winter, which only D$ passengers and half the crew survived, living onboard the +ayflower 7The +ayflower sailed back to ,ngland in &pril 1621 ; Cnce they moved ashore, the colonists faced even more challenges (uring their first winter in &merica, more than half of the Plymouth colonists died from malnutrition, disease and e?posure to the harsh )ew ,ngland weather In fact, without the help of the area.s native people, it is likely that none of the colonists would have survived &n ,nglish@speaking Pawtu?et named -amoset helped the colonists form an alliance with the local Wampanoags, who taught them how to hunt local animals, gather shellfish and grow corn, beans and s=uash &t the end of the ne?t summer, the Plymouth colonists celebrated their first successful harvest with a three@day festival of thanksgiving We still commemorate this feast today ,ventually, the Plymouth colonists were absorbed into the Puritan +assachusetts 8ay %olony -till, the +ayflower -aints and their descendants remained convinced that they alone had been specially chosen by >od to act as a beacon for %hristians around the world 2&s one small candle may light a thousand,3 8radford wrote, 2so the light here kindled hath shone to many, yea in some sort to our whole nation 3 Pl( *-th C*l*n(/ "a est*+n C*l*n(%

The first permanent ,uropean settlement in )ew ,ngland, Plymouth was founded by a group of religious separatists who arrived on the +ayflower in 162* Cn +ay 10, 16*E, a group of roughly 1** members of a 5oint venture called the 6irginia %ompany founded the first permanent ,nglish settlement in )orth &merica on the banks of the Fames :iver !amine, disease and conflict with local )ative &merican tribes in the first two years brought Famestown to the brink of failure before the arrival of a new group of settlers and supplies in 161* Tobacco became 6irginia"s first profitable e?port, and a period of peace followed the marriage of colonist Fohn :olfe to Pocahontas, the daughter of an &lgon=uian chief (uring the 162*s, Famestown e?panded from the area around the original Fames !ort into a )ew Town built to the eastG it remained the capital of the 6irginia colony until 16HH

English Settle

ent in the Ne+ 0*rl.

&fter %hristopher %olumbus" historic voyage in 10H2, -pain dominated the race to establish colonies in the &mericas, while ,nglish efforts, such as the Ilost colonyI of :oanoke 71D#E;, met with failure In 16*6, <ing Fames I granted a charter to a new venture, the 6irginia %ompany, to form a settlement in )orth &merica &t the time, 6irginia was the ,nglish name for the entire eastern coast of )orth &merica north of !loridaG they had named it for ,li4abeth I, the Ivirgin =ueen I The 6irginia %ompany planned to search for gold and silver deposits in the )ew World, as well as a river route to the Pacific Ccean that would allow them to establish trade with the Crient :oughly 1** colonists left ,ngland in late (ecember 16*6 on three ships 7the -usan %onstant, the >odspeed and the (iscovery; and reached %hesapeake 8ay late the ne?t &pril &fter forming a governing councilJ including %hristopher )ewport, commander of the sea voyage, and Fohn -mith, a former mercenary who had been accused of insubordination aboard ship by several other company membersJthe group searched for a suitable settlement site Cn +ay 10, 16*E, they landed on a narrow peninsula1virtually an island1in the Fames :iver, where they would begin their lives in the )ew World S-r'i'ing the First 1ears <nown variously as Fames !orte, Fames Towne and Fames %ittie, the new settlement initially consisted of a wooden fort built in a triangle around a storehouse for weapons and other supplies, a church and a number of houses 8y the summer of 16*E, )ewport went back to ,ngland with two ships and 0* crewmembers to give a report to the king and to gather more supplies and colonists The settlers left behind suffered greatly from hunger and illness, as well as the constant threat of attack by members of local &lgon=uian tribes, most of which were organi4ed into a kind of empire under %hief Powhatan &n understanding reached between Powhatan and Fohn -mith led the settlers to establish much@needed trade with Powhatan"s tribe by early 16*# Though skirmishes still broke out between the two groups, the )ative &mericans traded corn for beads, metal tools and other ob5ects 7including some weapons; from the ,nglish, who would depend on this trade for sustenance in the colony"s early years &fter -mith returned to ,ngland in late 16*H, the inhabitants of Famestown suffered through a long, harsh winter, during which more than 1** of them died In the spring of 161*, 5ust as the remaining colonists were set to abandon Famestown, two ships arrived bearing at least 1D* new settlers, a cache of supplies and the new ,nglish governor of the colony, 'ord (e 'a Warr

Than&sgi'ing at Pl(

*-th

In -eptember 162*, a small ship called the +ayflower left Plymouth, ,ngland, carrying 1*2 passengersJan assortment of religious separatists seeking a new home where they could freely practice their faith and other individuals lured by the promise of prosperity and land ownership in the )ew World &fter a treacherous and uncomfortable crossing that lasted 66 days, they dropped anchor near the tip of %ape %od, far north of their intended destination at the mouth of the 9udson :iver Cne month later, the +ayflower crossed +assachusetts 8ay, where the Pilgrims, as they are now commonly known, began the work of establishing a village at Plymouth Throughout that first brutal winter, most of the colonists remained on board the ship, where they suffered from e?posure, scurvy and outbreaks of contagious disease Cnly half of the +ayflower.s original passengers and crew lived to see their first )ew ,ngland spring In +arch, the remaining settlers moved ashore, where they received an astonishing visit from an &benaki Indian who greeted them in ,nglish -everal days later, he returned with another )ative &merican, -=uanto, a member of the Pawtu?et tribe who had been kidnapped by an ,nglish sea captain and sold into slavery before escaping to 'ondon and returning to his homeland on an e?ploratory e?pedition -=uanto taught the Pilgrims, weakened by malnutrition and illness, how to cultivate corn, e?tract sap from maple trees, catch fish in the rivers and avoid poisonous plants 9e also helped the settlers forge an alliance with the Wampanoag, a local tribe, which would endure for more than D* years and tragically remains one of the sole e?amples of harmony between ,uropean colonists and )ative &mericans In )ovember 1621, after the Pilgrims. first corn harvest proved successful, >overnor William 8radford organi4ed a celebratory feast and invited a group of the fledgling colony.s )ative &merican allies, including the Wampanoag chief +assasoit )ow remembered as &merican.s 2first Thanksgiving3Jalthough the Pilgrims themselves may not have used the term at the timeJthe festival lasted for three days While no record e?ists of the historic ban=uet.s e?act menu, the Pilgrim chronicler ,dward Winslow wrote in his 5ournal that >overnor 8radford sent four men on a 2fowling3 mission in preparation for the event, and that the Wampanoag guests arrived bearing five deer 9istorians have suggested that many of the dishes were likely prepared using traditional )ative &merican spices and cooking methods 8ecause the Pilgrims had no oven and the +ayflower.s sugar supply had dwindled by the fall of 1621, the meal did

not feature pies, cakes or other desserts, which have become a hallmark of contemporary celebrations %heck out the Thanksgiving by the )umbers infographic for more facts about how the first Thanksgiving compares to modern holiday traditions

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Rep-6li, O) Pana a% Ministr( O) E.-,ati*n S,h**l! Fran,is,* M*ra23n% E'al-ati'e F*r at F*r 0ritten An. Oral EHp*siti*ns% St-.entG Na e! KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKDate! KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Pr*)ess*r! Jeremas Pimentel S. Tri ester: 111r* !"1# S-6@e,t: En$lis%. Le'el! 11t% Areas t* 6e E'al-ate. 7 8 9 : A T*tal 1rst. S+ea,in$ area. !-. 1@ Intonation 2@ !luency $@ %oherence 0@ Lse of grammar D@ 8ody gestures 6@ (evelopment of the topic of the speech E@ Pronunciation !n*. A/*ien(e (&ntr&l an* mana$ement. 1". 1@ <eep eye contact 2@ %apt &udience.s attention $@ +anage and control the audience #r*. P%0si(al a++earan(e. -. 1@ (ress ade=uately 2@ &de=uate physical appearance $@ Posture 1t%. S/++&rt. Use &2 *i*a(ti( res&/r(es. 1". 1@ Lse of didactic resources 2@ %reativity $@ !ormality -t%. 3ritten +resentati&n an* 2&rm. -". 1@ Table of content 2@ Presentation page 7full ,nglish; $@ Punctuality 7hand it in on time; 0@ %reativity D@ Crgani4ation 6@ %ontent 7vocabularies, practices, notes; E@ %lass work #@ )eatness H@ %lass participation 1*@ :esponsibility 11@ 9onesty 12@ Teamwork applicability Pr*)ess*rGs Signat-re! ?????????????????????????? Date! ?????????????????????????? C* ents! ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

GOD BLESS 1OU ALL%