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Chapter 10
Chapter 10
10.2 Preparing Surface for Layout 10.3 To Layout Parallel Lines to an Edge 10.4 To Layout Lines at Right Angles 10.5 To Layout Horizontal Lines Using a Surface Gauge 10.6 Laying Out Centre Holes 10.7 To Check the Accuracy of the Centre Layout
10.7.1 10.7.2 Divider Method Lathe Centre Method
10.1 INTRODUCTION
The preparation of the work surface and laying out straight lines are the primary operations performed in order to make a layout. Since the accuracy of the finished workpiece depends upon the accuracy of the layout, proper care should be taken during the process. Combination tools are used where the accuracy is not important. Square head is used to lay out horizontal and parallel straight lines. The bevel protractor is used for laying out angles while the centre head is used to layout the centre of round and square workpiece.
Objectives
After studying this unit, you should be able to know how to prepare the work surface for layout, layout straight lines using : the scriber and combination square the surface gauge and surface plate the vernier height gauge and surface plate
(a)
Commercial layout dye or bluing is generally used to coat work surfaces. It is not expensive and dries very fast. Layout dye is generally applied with brush. Chalk may be used into rough surfaces of castings. Copper sulphate solution is used for coating machined surface.
(b) (c)
SAQ 1
Discuss briefly the preparation of surface for layout.
SAQ 2
How do you lay parallel line to an edge?
SAQ 3
Explain the methods of laying out lines at right angles.
(e) (f)
Vernier Height Gauge Method When close tolerance is required, i.e. up to 0.02 mm, a vernier height gauge method should be used. The general steps of the method can be described as : (a) (b) (c) (d) Clean the surface plate and the base of the height gauge thoroughly. Hold the gauge so that scriber point is approximately 45o to the surface being laid out. Press down firmly on the surface or height gauge base. Pull the gauge to maintain an accurate layout. Push will cause the scriber point to dig into the work which results in inaccurate layout lines. 15
(e)
If the work is first fastened to the angle plate, all horizontal lines can be laid out as outlined. Therefore, the angle plate can be set on its edge (90o to the base) and the vertical lines can be laid out.
SAQ 4
Explain the various methods to lay horizontal lines.
Set the scriber point of the surface gauge to the approximate centre of the work. Scribe four lines across the end of the work by rotating it by 90o for each line. Mark the intersection of four lines by centre punch. Test the center for accuracy by the divider or lathe centre method.
SAQ 5
(a) (b) Explain laying out center hole? Discuss various steps involved in laying out center hole using center head.
SAQ 6
Explain the method to check the accuracy of the center layout.
10.8 SUMMARY
The preparation of the work surface and laying out straight lines is the primary operation performed in the layout. Since the accuracy of the finished workpiece depends upon the accuracy of the layout, proper care should be taken during the process. The surface of the work should be coated with a layout material so that scribed lines will be seen easily. The surface must be clean and free from dust, grease, surface scale, oil etc. otherwise layout material will not stick on it. The straight lines are scribed with the aid of scriber and combination square, surface gauge and surface plate, vernier height gauge and surface plate. Combination tool is used where accuracy is not important. Square head is used for laying out horizontal and parallel straight lines. Center holes are located by means of hermaphrodite calipers, center head, and surface gauge. The center head is used to lay out the center of round and square workpieces.
Combination Set
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