Professional Documents
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كيف تحترف تصميم شبكة الحريق
كيف تحترف تصميم شبكة الحريق
.
-:
( )office building
.
( )
-:
+ .
( )
-:
.
( )
.2
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.3 ( )
.
( )
33
( ) :
- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 33
.
- 4
.
- 5
.
- 6 .
-:
.
(
).
.2 (-:)electrical eng
()automatic alarm system
()smoke detector single .
( Smoke detector ) -:
( )
( Heat detector ) -: (
)
( Light detector ) -: (
).
( -: )mechanical eng
-:
- 1 Combustion material
- 2 Oxygen
- 3
Ignition temperature
-:
-:
-:oxygen O2 .
-:ignition temperature ))ignition temperature
. .
Fire fighting sys classification
1- Water sys
2-Gas sys
:
Sprinkler sys - 1 .
Hazel sys - 2 .
Fire hydrant sys - 3 .
:
Fire Extinguisher - 1 .
FM-200, CO2, FE-13 - 2 .
Automatic sprinkler sys
:
.
-:
( )NFPA
( )FOC
.
(-:)classification of occupancies
.
:
.
( -:)Light hazard
.
............. .
( (churches( )clubs ( )Educational( )Hospitals
( ) libraries, except large stack rooms( (museums
( -(office, including data processing
( )Restaurant seating areas ( )theaters ( Nursing or
)convalescent homes ( -)institutional
( ............... (Residential .
(-:)Ordinary Hazard
.1 ( )-:) Group(1
()4.2 8 .
( )Automobile parking( ) Bakeries
( (Industries food ( (Electronic plants
( ) Glass and glass products manufacturing( ) Laundries
( -)Restaurant service areas ( -)Showrooms
( -)Beverage manufacturing ( -)Canneries
(.)Dairy products manufacturing and processing
.4 ( (-:( Group(2
()7.3 14
.
( )Chemical plants ( )Dry cleaners
( )Horse stables( )Machine shops
( ) Libraries- large stack room areas ( ( Metal industries
( (Paper industries ( ) Post office ( (Repair garages
( (Tire manufacturing ((Wood machining
( -)Cereal mills ( (confectionery products
( (Distilleries ( - (food mills
( -)Leather good manufacturing( )Mercantile
( )Paper and pulp mills ( -)Printing and publishing
( -)textile manufacturing
( -)Tobacco products manufacturing (.)Wood product assembly
(-:)Extra hazard
.1 ( )-:) Group(1
.
( )Combustible hydraulic fluid use areas
( ) Die casting ( )Plywood and particle board manufacturing
3773
( ) Printing (use inks with below 100f (37,8C)flash points ()Rubber
( - )Cotton industries( ) compounding( - )Drying
( )milling ( ..........( Vulcanizing .
-4 ( (-:( Group(2
.
( ) Industries carbonated compressed ()Oils
( )Detergents( (Polishes( )Paint and varnish
( (Asphalt saturating
( (flammable liquid spring
( (Mobile home, modular building assemblies (.(Solvent cleaning
:
- 1 () -:Wet Pipe System
( 2 37
) ( )14.1.
- 4 () -: Pre-Action System
.
( )
.
13
-2 -:Deluge System
.
.
.
-:
) ( 25 ( )
.
-:
( )15 (
)
.
11
: -:
.
.
-:
.
.
12
Sprinkler types
:
-1
-: Glass type
cone .
13
-2
.
63
113.
-:
.
.
Color Code
Orange
Red
Yellow
Green
Blue
Light Violet
Black
Operating Temperature
57C
135F
68C
155F
79C
175F
93C
200F
141C
285F
182C
360F
260C
500F
14
:
" 1/2" or 3/4 ". 1/2
15
UL,FM,
.
-:
( )Alarm system
( )sprinkler system
.
-
- heater
alarm system signal
.
( (SPRINKLER TYPE :
-: Pendant type sprinkler-1
false ceiling .
-:
:Up right sprinkler-2
16
.
:Side wall sprinkler-3
.
-:
( )false ceiling
( )false ceiling ()sidewall .
()false ceiling
17
:Recessed sprinkler .2
:Concealed sprinkler .5
:Flush sprinkler .6
13
:
:Intermediate level sprinkler - 1
.
: Corrosion resistant sprinkler - 2
.
: Decorative sprinkler - 3
.
19
: :
:
Suction Line Delivery Line Headers & Collectors Risers Cross Main Branch Lines - Fittings
23
-:
)Tree Network( -
Main
Sprinkler
Main
Cross main
Remote area or Worst area
21
- ()Loop Network
22
-:
((Loop Network fitting fiction losses
Loop X
Pump
branch 8 tree
23
-:
()Main Cross ( )Main
( )Tee-Joint ()Eddies ()friction losses
( )tee-joint ( Dead
)end 5
( )Main Cross ( )tee
tee Main line
Fitting types
24
25
-:
:
26
27
Or
23
Butterfly Valves
29
-:
Fluid( main branch gate valve )branch
branch branch ))
Check Valves
33
31
( Riser)
32
1
2
7
9
-:) ZCV)
Drain-1
Riser-2
Outside&youk gate valve with temperature switch -3
(Indicting valve)
Pressure gauge-4
Flow switch-5
Non Return Valve -6
Test Valve -7
Slight glass-8
Drain Valve -9
-:Notes
. 5777 2877ZCV
) Sprinklers( ) Cross main( ZCV
Valve FDC
Sprinkler ZCV SprinklerFDC Riser
zcv
FDC
33
Sprinkler
Description
Model 9210
Test and drain assembly
34
ZCV
-1
)-:)Indicating valve
-:pressure gauge -4
()gate valve
35
-:Flow switch -7
flow flow
alarm .branch
Flow
36
test valve-5
test
test valve gpm .
sight glass-6
Description
Used to test water flow through sprinkler systems
Available in 1", 1 1/4", 1 1/2" and 2" NPT sizes
Cast iron, with acrylic see-through windows
37
Drain valve -3
sprinkler outside& yuck Gate valve
Drain valve
33
4 ().
4 ().
-:
test
-:
test pump Pump flow rate
14 bar 1.5bar pressure gauge
branch line
1 2
Gate valve
-:test
14bar 1.5bar GV
24 12 12
24
% 5 .
expansion joint .
Test
39
Fire Pumps
250 gpm
4.5 bar
riser 250 gpm 1250 gpm
.1250 gpm
.
Stand by
Electrical Stand by Diesel
,
-:Stand by
gpm FHC
gpm
Standby.
) )jockey pump
gpm 15: 13
Jockey pump
gpm 20: 15 -:Discharge
- :Head Head Head Pump ( )10ft
-:
Head 230ft Head jockey 240ft
245ft 240ft 239ft jockey pump
.240ft
centefigual gpm 15 head = 30 ft
53 33 .
Split case pump
Head & gpm
43
-:
jockey discharge 20gpm Head 240ft
) ) Centrifugal pump jockey pump
( )multi stage pump vertical
41
-:
)) )Performance curve op pumps(H- Q Curve
( )Q&H -:
- 1 Q H .
- 2 .65%
- 3 Q % 153 H % 65 .
( Q 150% H )40%
Shut off pressure - 4 ( )Q=0
))Shut off head % 143 H
- 5 FM & UL
- 6 25 . gpm 5333
-:Cavitations
30c
))
)NPSH( Net positive suction head
( Net positive suction head 13 ).psi 23
-:Cavitations
( )Pump Room tank
Q1 / Q2 = N1 / N2 = D1 / D2
42
Bph 1 / bph 2 = N1 / N2 = D1 / D2
H&Q H&Q
1450 rpm
-:
gpm head
2900 rpm :
gpm head
-:
.
-:
( )Running cost
2900rpm initial cost gpm.
( )-:
1450rpm
(Running cost )
43
13 13
)pressure reducing valve (prv
prv
9 psi 13
()2Riser
prv )(pressure gauge
Riser
.
44
Qpump = Qr + Qs + Qf.h
-: Qf.h
flow rate sprinklers -: Qs
flow rate Riser - : Qr
Pump HP
-:
3 header
Electrical pump - 1
Diesel pump - 2
Jockey pump - 3
45
- :
- 1 header cavitations
Suction header Header
Discharge Header .
Electrical
pump
To System
Gate valve
Diesel
pump
Jockey pump
46
Tank
47
43
ABCD
A = Control Valve (required) .
This valve must be an OS&Y.
B = Jockey Pump
C = Check Valve (required) .
To prevent water from flowing
back into the pump, a check
valve is required on the
discharge side of the pump.
D = Control Valve (required) .
This control valve is installed to
Allow the jockey pump to be
Isolated for maintenance
Purposes. This valve may be an
OS&Y or butterfly type
49
-2
-Eccentric Reducer on Suction line: pump Head discharge suction 2
6 Reducer Reducer
Eccentric
Air Bucket Cavitations .Pump
2
Eccentric Reducer
Concentric Reducer
53
Eccentric Reducer
Air Bucket
Air Bucket
Cavitations
()Pump
-:
Reducer Suction Enlarger
Discharge ( )Friction loss ) )Eddies
Fitting pipe line ( )4:1.5
.
Water line ) )Strainer
Suction
.
Suction ( Strainer Gate valve
Gate valve Gate valve )
.Suction
51
-3 -:
)-:Gate Valve (os&Y type with temperature switch
.System
Electrical
Diesel
52
-:
Check valve .
-:Pressure gage Suction discharge
Header.
Check valve
To system
Tank
Electrical
pump
Diesel
pump
- 4 Insulator Rubber
-:
()Rubber
53
13
5
-:
.
- 5 " 2
54
Water Tank
Capacity
-:
Time
30 : 60 min
90 : 120 min
120 min
Hazard
Light Hazard
Ordinary Hazard
Extra Hazard
liter /1000 = m3
= gallon * 3.75
-:
Ordinary Hazard 750 gpm
= V = 750 gpm X 90 min X 3.785 / 1000
Say tank volume equal to = 100 m3
-:
( Strainer)
- 1
55
- 2 63 53
-3
( 63 )
domestic level
53
level domestic
domestic
vacuum
56
domestic
.
-4
57
-5 fire domestic
circulation ( fire domestic )
Stirrer impeller fire
( )domestic
tank domestic -:
domestic
float valve valve
tank
( )over flow
10cm 4
53
Make up pipe 4
-:
suction 30cm
30cm
10cm
anti-vortex plate plate
(vortex)
13
pressure drop cavitations anti vortex plate
plate 5D
paddle flange
59
-:
13 anti- vortex plate
anti vortex plate 7.5 5D
-1 4
()gpm
- 2
-:
70cm pebble flange
(
)
paddle flange
-:
anti- vortex plate
vortex vortex
pressure drop cavitations
63
-:Vent pipe
wire mesh
4
-: vent pipe
-:
-: 13
two vent pipe
61
plane
60cm
60cm
60*60
elvation
30cm
Make up pipe
- Flow Valve
-:over flow
" 4 Over Flow flow switch
flow switch
drain .drain trench
-: drain ( ) drain
trench
-: over flow 10cm
-:Drain
(13*53*53 )
()1/100
62
()submersible pumps
-:Level1 ) )sp1& sp2 off
-:Level2 sp1
-:Level3 sp1&sp2
63
off sp1
sp1 sp2 deliver header
.
64
65
:
:NFPA - 1 .
: FOC - 2 .
66
:
1
2
3
4
5
6
( )
.
:
1- Light Hazard : ............. .
- ............... .
2- Ordinary Hazard :
1- Group (1) :
.
67
2- Group (2):
.
3- Extra Hazard:-
1- Group (1):
3773 .......... .
2- Group (2): .
Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler:
.
.
Protection Area Limitations per Sprinkler
Hazard
Area
Distance between
)(m2
)sprinkler (m
Light Hazard
18.6
2.6
Ordinary Hazard
14.1
2.6
Extra Hazard
4.7
7.3
: 2 .
( )Head .
-:
- 1
.
- 2 4 132 .
63
- 3
.
- 4
.
Hazard
Light Hazard
Ordinary Hazard
Extra Hazard
-:
.
.
.
69
1- Main line:
2- Cross Main:
3- Branch line:
Hydraulic Calculation
,
:
No of Sprinkler = Area / Area coverage per Sprinkler
-:
Area = 10 X 20 = 200 m2
No of Sprinkler = 200 / 12.1= 17 sprinkler
. 13
Q gpm = 29.83 C d2 (P psi) 1/2
Where:
d: Sprinkler Diameter in inch.
Psi = Ft (head) X 0.433
C: material of Sprinkler.
We have (C, d) are constant for sprinkler
So we get:
Q gpm = K (P psi) 1/2
K: constant for sprinkler
Nominal orifice
Size (in)
Orifice type
K Factor
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
17/32
Small
Small
Small
Small
Standard
Large
1.3 1.5
1.8 2.0
2.6 2.9
4.0 4.4
5.3 5.8
7.4 8.2
Percent of
nominal 1/2"
Discharge
25
33.3
50
75
100
140
5765 = K
. K
Q=AX
Where:Q: minimum flow required
A: area of coverage
: required density
.
73
Hydraulic Calculation .
- 1 .130 Ft2
- 2
No of Operated Sprinkler = A operative / A operative per sprinkler
= 1500 / 130 = 11.54 = 12 Sprinkler.
- 3
1.2 X (A operation) 1/2
( : )1 ( : )2 ( )Bl-1 ,1 . 1 ( : )3 q Q .Q = q in Sp No 1 + q in Sp No 2
( : )4 .
( : )5 . ( : )6 . ( : )7 . ( : )3 Pt Pe Pf .
( : )13 q = K X (P) 0.5
P q .K=5.65
71
Step No
Nozzle
Location
Bl-1
Flow
in
gpm
Bl-1
DN
1725
"
7
Bl-3
to
cm
Cm
to
F.F
UG
Cro
wn
pipe
Q =172
Q
=260.4
0.124
Pf= 1.6
Pt = 13.5
Pe =
Pf= 1.6
Pt = 15.1
Pe =
T =13
Pf= 1.7
L = 20.5
F = 16
Pt = 16.8
Pe =
T =36.5
Pf= 8.6
L = 10
Pt = 25.4
F=
2"
0.07
Pe =
T =10
Pf= 0.7
L = 10
F=
Pt = 26.1
Pe =
2.5"
0.139
T =10
L = 70
F=
2.5"
Pf= 1.1
Pt =27.2
Pe =
0.233
E
AV
Q
=260.4
T =13
L = 13
F=0
0.237
q
=88.4
Q
=260.4
Pt = 11.9
Pe =
1.5"
q = 86.6
Bl-2
to
Bl-3
Q =85.4
C120
0.132
5
Cm
to
Bl-2
Pressure
summary
L = 13
F=0
1.5"
q=23.2
Q=85.4
Friction
losses psi
T =13
L = 13
F=0
2T
RN
Equiv.
pipe
length
0.125
q=22
Q=62.2
1"
q=20.7
Q=40.2
Pipe
Fitting
q=
Q=19.5
Bl-1
Pipe
size
T =70
L = 119
F = 21
3"
Pf= 16.3
Pt =43.5
Pe = 6.5
0.081
GV
T =140
E
GV
L = 50
F =32.2
C150
Pt =61.3
Pe =
Pf= 5
P t = 66.3
72
D=0.15
gpm
K=5.65
q=AX =
130X0.15
=19.5
p=11.9
q=
5.65X
13.50.5=20
.7
q=
5.65X
15.10.5=22
q=
5.65X
16.80.5=23
.2
K = 85.4 /
25.40.5 =
16.95
q=
19.95X
26.10.5 =
86.6
q=
19.95X
27.20.5 =
88.4
Pe = 15 X
0.433 =
6.5
Pf= 11.3
0.061
T =82.2
Normal
pressure
Copper=
21X 1.51
= 32.2
= .
13 = L , F
. 13 = T
q =A X = 133
3715 gpm/ft2 , 9
q = 130 X 0.15 = 19.5 gpm.
q = K X (P) 0.5
P = [19.5 / 5.65] 2 = 11.9 psi.
43 133 psi
30 / 100 X 0.433 = 0.124 psi / Ft
0.124 X 13 = 1.6 psi
+
Pt2 = 1.6 + 11.9 = 13.5 psi
q , Q
q = 5.65 X (13.5)0.5 = 20.7 gpm.
Q = 20.7 + 19.5 = 40.2 gpm.
. 3
4
T 2 T
. T = 8 Ft
5 q = 85.4
p = 25.4
q, p
k
0.5
K = 85.4 / (25.4) = 16.95
6 k = 16795
7 p q Q
k ". 2.5
3 " 3 ,
93 Pe
.
9
73
Pipe Schedule
:
- 1 .
- 2 .
- 3 .Extra Hazard
.
.
15psi Light ordinary 20 psi
residual pressure losses
residual pressure total pressure . gpm
density = 0.15 . 1500 ft2 = working area
gpm = 1500 X 0.15 = 225
. operative area . 12
gpm / sp = 100 / 225 = 19 gpm per sprinkler
. pipe sch
19 gpm .
steel
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
1
2 Sprinkler
1
3 Sprinkler
1
5 Sprinkler
2
10 Sprinkler
2
30 Sprinkler
3
60 Sprinkler
3
100 Sprinkler
4
For SI Unite 1 in.= 25.4mm
74
Copper
1
2 Sprinkler
1
3 Sprinkler
1
5 Sprinkler
2
10 Sprinkler
2
20 Sprinkler
3
40 Sprinkler
3
65 Sprinkler
4
100 Sprinkler
5
160 Sprinkler
6
275 Sprinkler
For SI Unite 1 in.= 25.4mm
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
6
2 Sprinkler
3 Sprinkler
5 Sprinkler
12 Sprinkler
25 Sprinkler
45 Sprinkler
75 Sprinkler
115 Sprinkler
180 Sprinkler
300 Sprinkler
Copper
1
1 Sprinkler
1
2 Sprinkler
1
5 Sprinkler
2
8 Sprinkler
2
15 Sprinkler
3
27 Sprinkler
3
40 Sprinkler
4
55 Sprinkler
5
90 Sprinkler
6
150 Sprinkler
For SI Unite 1 in.= 25.4mm
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
5
6
1 Sprinkler
2 Sprinkler
5 Sprinkler
8 Sprinkler
20 Sprinkler
30 Sprinkler
45 Sprinkler
65 Sprinkler
100 Sprinkler
170 Sprinkler
75
:Hose Rack - 2
.
1 or 1 100 gpm
, 4.5 bar 2 250 gpm . 4.5 bar
7 :
:Exposed- 1 25 .
:Semi predated- 4 13 15.
:Recessed- 7 .
: Hose Cabinet
1
2
3
4
5
. . 33 Travel Distance 6 .
. - 93 153 .
, Fire Hydrant
33 2.5 4.5 bar . 250 gpm
Dry Riser 4
check Valve Riser Siemens Connection Landing Valve
Siemees Connection
:
.
.
76
Fire Extinguishers
Definitions: Class A Fire:
Class B Fire:
Class C Fire:
Class D Fire:
Classification of Hazard:Light: Class A & little of Class B
Ordinary: Class A & B
Extra: Class A & B but with large quantity.
Selection of Extinguishers:
Class A Fire: Water or Dry Chemical
Class B Fire: Foam, FFFP, AFFF, CO2, Dry Chemical.
Class C Fire: Co2, Dry Chemical.
Class D Fire: According to Material & its chap bars or not
Fire Extinguisher Size & Placement for Class A Hazard :-
77