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: 20122012-13

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: 20122012-13

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,d cki us csVs dks Hkh ewfrZdyk fl[kkbZA nksuksa gkV esa tkrs vkSj viuh&viuh ewfrZ;k cspdj
vkrsA cki dh ewfrZ Ms<+&nks :i;s esa fcdrh] ij csVs dh ewfrZ;ksa dk ewY; dsoy vkB&nl vkus ls
vf/kd u feyrkA gkV ls ykSVus ij csVs dks ikl cSBkdj cki] mldh ewfrZ;ksa esa jgh =qfV;ksa dks
le>krk vkSj vxys fnu mUgsa lq/kkjus ds fy, dgrkA;g e o"kksZa pyrk jgkA yM+dk le>nkj
FkkA mlus firk dh ckrsa /;ku ls lquha vkSj viuh dyk esa lq/kkj djus dk iz;Ru djrk jgkA
dqN le; ckn yM+ds dh ewfrZ;k Hkh Ms<+ :i;s dh fcdus yxhaA cki Hkh mlh rjg
le>krk vkSj ewfrZ;ksa esa jgus okys nks"kksa dh rjQ+ mldk /;ku [khaprkA csVs us vkSj vf/kd /;ku
fn;k rks dyk Hkh vkSj vf/kd fu[kjhA ewfrZ;k ikp&ikp :i;s dh fcdus yxhaA lq/kkj ds fy,
le>kus dk e cki us rc Hkh can u fd;kA ,d fnu csVs us >q>ykdj dgk vki rks nks"k
fudkyus dh ckr can gh ugha djrsA esjh dyk vc rks vki ls Hkh vPNh gS] eq>s ewfrZ ds ikp
#i;s feyrs gSa] tcfd vkidks nks gh #i;sA
cki us dgk&csVk] tc eSa rqEgkjh mez dk Fkk] rc eq>s viuh dyk dh iw.kZrk dk vagdkj
gks x;k vkSj fQj lq/kkj dh ckr lkspuk NksM+ fn;kA rc ls esjh izxfr #d xbZ vkSj nks #i;s ls
vf/kd dh ewfrZ;k u cuk ldkA eSa pkgrk gwW og Hkwy rqe u djksA viuh =qfV;ksa dks le>us vkSj
lq/kkjus dk e lnk t+kjh j[kks] rkfd cgqewY; ewfrZ;k cukus okys Js"B dykdkjksa dh Js.kh esa
igqp ldksA
1cki vkSj csVs D;k cukrs Fks \
dewfrZ;k
[kewfrZdyk
x#i;s
?kdqN ugha
2gkV ls ykSVdj cki vius csVs dks D;k le>krk Fkk \
dewfrZ;ksa dh vPNkb;ksa dks
[kewfrZ;ksa dh =qfV;ksa dks
xewfrZ;ksa dh dyk dks
?kewfrZ;ksa dh fch dks
3izkjEHk esa csVs dh ewfrZ;ksa dk ewY; fdruk feyrk Fkk \
dvkB&nl vkus
[knl&ckjg vkus
xN%&lkr vkus
?kpkj&N% vkus
4csVk cki ls D;ksa >q>yk x;k \
dcki }kjk csVs dh ewfrZ;ksa esa fujUrj nks"k fudkyus ds dkj.k
[kcki }kjk csVs dh ewfrZ;ksa dh izkalk
xcsVs dh ewfrZ;ksa dh dher ikp #i;s feyus ds dkj.k
?kcsVs esa ?ke.M gksus ds dkj.k
5cki dh ewfrZ;k geskk Ms<+&nks #i;s esa gh D;ksa fcdrh jgha \
dcki esa dyk dh iw.kZrk dk vgadkj gks x;k Fkk
[kcki dh ewfrZ;k dPph feV~Vh dh Fkha
xcki lLrk cspus dk vknh gks x;k Fkk
?kcki ls nsgkrh yksx gh ewfrZ;k [kjhnrs FksA
U U v (), w (), x (), y (), z ()
9

.. vPNk ukxfjd cuus ds fy, Hkkjr ds izkphu fopkjdksa us dqN fu;eksa dk izko/kku fd;k gSA bu
fu;eksa esa ok.kh vkSj O;ogkj dh ]drZO; vkSj vf/kdkj dk leqfpr fuokZg] ikjLifjd
ln~Hkko]lg;ksx vkSj lsok dh Hkkouk vkfn fu;e cgqr egRRoiw.kZ ekus x, gSaA bu lHkh xq.kksa dk fodkl
,d ckyd esa ;fn mldh ckY;koLFkk ls gh fd;k tk, rks og vius dk ukxfjd cu ldrk
gSA ok.kh ,oa O;ogkj dh e/kqjrk lHkh ds fy, lq[knk;d gksrh gS] lekt esa gkfnZd ln~Hkko dh o`n~f/k
djrh gS] fdarq vgadkjghu O;fDr gh fLuX/k ok.kh vkSj O;ogkj dk iz;ksx dj ldrk gSA ftl izdkj
,d O;fDr lekt esa jgdj vius O;ogkj ls drZO; vkSj vf/kdkj ds izfr ltx jgrk gS] mlh rjg
ds izfr Hkh mldk O;ogkj drZO; vkSj vf/kdkj dh Hkkouk ls Hkkfor jguk pkfg,A mldk drZO; gks tkrk
gS fd u rks og Lo;a dksbZ ,slk dke djs vkSj u gh nwljksa dks djus ns] ftlls ds lEeku] laifRr
vkSj LokfHkeku dks Bsl igqpsA
1. vPNk ukxfjd cuus ds xq.kksa dk fodkl esa dc ls djuk pkfg,\
[k ls
?k fdlh Hkh voLFkk ls

d ckY;koLFkk ls
x ;qokoLFkk ls

2. fdl dh e/kqjrk lcds fy, lq[knk;h gksrh gS\


d [kku&iku dh
x ok.kh&O;ogkj dh

[k iguus&vks<+us dh
?k ?kj&ckgj dh

3. dSlk O;fDr fLuX/k ok.kh vkSj


d voljoknh
x fouhr

O;ogkj dk iz;ksx djrk gS\


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?k vyeLr

4. lg;ksx vkSj lsok Hkkouk ls gS&


d lsok Hkkouk
x
5. bl ds fy, mi;qDr

[k lgdkfjrk
?k ln~Hkkouk

gksxk&

d vf/kdkj vkSj drZO;


[k vPNk ukxfjd
x thou
?k lkekftd thou
mRrj& 11-d 22-x 33-x 44-[k 55-[k
. vkt ge ,d Lora= dh fLFkfr ik pqds gSaA jkV dh vfuok;Z esa nks gekjs ikl
gSa& HkkSxksfyd v[kaMrk vkSj lkaLd`frd ,drk] ijarq vHkh rd ge ml ok.kh dks izkIr ugha dj lds gSa
ftlesa ,d Lora= nwljs ds fudV viuk ifjp; nsrk gSA tgk rd - gksus dk
gS] ,sls dh la[;k de ugha gS ftuds fHkUu Hkkxksa esa fHkUu Hkkvksa dh fLFkfr gSA ij mudh
vfofPNUu Lora=rk dh ijaijk us mUgsa le&foe Lojksa ls ,d jkx jp ysus dh {kerk ns nh gSA gekjs
dh dFkk dqN nwljh gSA gekjh ijra=rk vk/kh&rwQku dh rjg ugha vkbZ] ftldk vkdfLed laidZ
rhoz vuqHkwfr ls vfLrRo dks dafir dj nsrk gSA og rks jksx ds dhVk.kq ykus okys ean lehj ds leku
lkl esa lekdj jhj esa O;kIr gks xbZ gSA geus vius laiw.kZ vfLrRo ls mlds Hkkj dks nqoZg ugha vuqHko
fd;k vkSj gesa ;g ,sfrgkfld lR; Hkh foLe`r gks x;k fd dksbZ Hkh fotsrk foftr dj jktuhfrd izHkqRo
ikdj gh larq ugha gksrk] D;ksafd lkaLd`frd izHkqRo ds fcuk jktuhfrd fot; u iw.kZ gS] u LFkk;hA
10

?kVuk, laLdkjksa esa fpjthou ikrh gSa vkSj laLdkj ds v{k; okgd ] lkfgR;] dyk vkfn gSaA
nh?kZdky ls fonskh Hkkk gekjs fopkj& fofue; vkSj dk ek/;e gh ugha jgh] og gekjs fon~oku
vkSj laLd`r gksus dk izek.k Hkh ekuh tkrh jgh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa ;fn geesa ls vusd mlds vHkko esa
thfor jgus dh dYiuk ls flgj mBrs gSa] rks dh ckr ughaA ijyksd dh fLFkfr dks LFkk;h ekudj
rks fpfdRlk laHko ugha gksrhA &thou dh iw.kZrk ds fy, mlds eukstxr dks eqDr djuk gksxk vkSj
;g dk;Z iz;Ru&lk/; gS] D;ksafd kjhj dks ck/kus okyh k`a[kyk ls vkRek dks tdM+us okyh k`a[kyk
vf/kd n`<+ gksrh gSA
1.Lora=rk izkIr djus ds Hkh ds :i esa ge vc rd Bhd izdkj ls D;k izkIr ugha dj
ik, gSa\
d ok.kh

[k fopkj

x Hkko

?k lksp&le>

2. gekjs ;gk ijra=rk vkbZ-----------------d vk/kh ds leku


x jksx ds dhVk.kq ykus okys ean lehj ds leku

[k rwQku ds leku
?k ds leku

3. ] dyk] lkfgR; vkfn fdlds okgd gSa\


d ifjokj

[k O;fDr

x lekt

?k laLdkj

4. ge fdlds vHkko esa thfor jgus dh dYiuk ls flgj mBrs gSa\


d yksd&

[k ekr`

?k jkt

5. thou dh iw.kZrk ds fy, gS--------------d lq[k&lqfo/kkvksa dk gksuk


x viuh ok.kh dk gksuk
mRrj& 11-d 22-x 33-?k 44-[k
.

[k mlds eukstxr dks eqDr djuk


?k Lora= jguk
55-[k

S , U U U U
U UU U CU UU U, U U U U U Mh
U U U S UU U U U U U
U U U U U U U
U U U
S UM -, U U U UCU
U U U UCU U U U UU S
-U U U U U UUS , U U U
UM U U U U U, U UU U
U U U U UU U U U
U U, U UU- U U
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v.

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U U U () -

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. pys xko dh vksj tgka] ij gjs [ksr ygjkrs]


esM+ksa ij gSa d`"kd ?kwers] lq[k ls xhr xkrsA
xsgw puk eVj tkS ysdj] flj ij Hkkj [kM+s gSa]
chp&chp esa izgjh tSls] fn[krs o`{k vM+s gSA
pys xko dh vksj >ksiMs+ tgk >qds /kjrh esa]
r# ds uhps [ksy jgs gSa] cPps fut eLrh esaA
dfV ij fy, xxfj;k xksjh vkrh gS cy[kkrh]
ns[k fdlh xq#tu dks lEeq[k lglk 'kjek tkrhA
1 [ksrksa esa xsgw] puk] eVj dSls fn[kkbZ nsrs gS \
() ygjkrs gq,
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2 dfo us izgjh fdUgsa dgk gS\
() xsgw] puk] eVj
()d`"kdksa
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12

() cks> fy, [kM+s gq,


() o`{kksa

()r# ds uhps
() [ksr
()Nko
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4 xksjh D;ksa 'kjek tkrh gS\
()mls fdlh us cy[kkrs ns[k fy;kA ()mlds flj ij Hkkjh xxfj;k gSA
()NksVs cPpksa dks ns[kdjA
() lglk fdlh xq#tu ds lEeq[k vk tkus ijA
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ij u fVdk nks fnu lq[k oSHko
nq[k&lq[k dks Hkh le>k lkxj
,d cwn Hkh ugha jgk og
ns[kk tc fnu&jkr phM+ou
fur djkg vkgsa Hkjrk gS
eSaus nq[k dkrj gks&gksdj
tc&tc nj&nj dj QSyk;k
lq[k ds vfHkyk eu esjs
rc&rc lnk fujknj ik;k
Bksdj [kk&[kkdj ik;k gS
nq[k dk dkj.k dk;jrk gSA
1
dfo dks fdl ij ukt+ Fkk \
d nq[k ij
[k lq[k ij
x dfork ij
?k ys[ku ij
2
dfo fdldks lkxj le> cSBk \
d {kf.kd lq[k dks [k lq[k&nq[k dks x thou dks ?k dk;jrk dks
3
lq[k vkSj nq[k dSls gSa \
d cgqr vPNs
[k {k.kHkaxqj
x /kwi&Nko
?k oSHko laiUu
4
dfo us lq[k dh vfHkykk esa D;k ik;k \
d fujknj
[k lq[k dk lkxj
x eku
?k HkkSfrd lq[k
5
dfo us nq[k dk dkj.k fdls ekuk gS \
d lq[k dks
[k lq[k&nq[k dks
x ohjrk dks
?k dk;jrk dks
mRrj& 11-[k 22-[k 33-[k 44-d 55-?k
. ladVksa ls ohj ?kcjkrs ugha]
vkink, ns[k fNi tkrs ughaA
yx x, ftl dke esa iwjk fd;k]
dke djds O;FkZ iNrkrs ughaA
gks ljy vFkok dfBu gks jkLrk]
deZohjksa dks u blls okLrkA
c<+ pys rks var rd gh c<+ pys]
dfBurj fxfjk`ax ij p<+ pysA
dfBu iFk dks ns[k eqLdjkrs lnk]
ladVksa ds chp os xkrs lnkA
13

gS vlaHko dqN ugha muds fy,]


ljy&laHko dj fn[kkrs os lnkA
;g vlaHko dk;jksa dk kCn gS]
dgk Fkk usiksfy;u us ,d fnuA
lp crk] ft+nxh gh O;FkZ gS]
niZ fcu] mRlkg fcu] vkS fcuA
1
deZohjksa dks fdldh ijokg ugha gksrh \
d ladVksa dh
[k dfBu jkLrksa dh
x vkinkvksa dh
2
deZohj ladVksa dks ns[kdj D;k djrs gSa \
d ?kcjk tkrs gSa [k xhr xkrs gSa
x nwj gV tkrs gSa
3
vlaHko dk iz;ksx dkSu djrk gS \
d fgEer okys
[k dk;j
x yksHkh
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d dfo us
[k usrkth us
x xka/khth us
5

?k bu lHkh dh
?k dke ugha djrs
?k deZohj
?k usiksfy;u us

dfork esa dkSu-lk jl izokfgr gS \

d d#.k jl
[k ohj jl
x jkSnz jl
?k gkL; jl
mRrj& 11-?k 22-[k 33-[k 44-?k 55-[k
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

FA-1
v.
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( U)
w. U U ( U)
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14

() U UU U ( - )
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U - (U ) U, U U U U
w. mU - U U U , , U U
U U () U S
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U - S U U, U U ( U) U
U U (U S U), U U U U
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U U U - , U, U,
(v) U U UU U ( S)
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15

(v) U U U
(w) U UU U
U U U UU U U U U U U U U U
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UU, U U U U U U -
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U U (U - S U U U U U, UU
U U U - U U U U U U)

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UU

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1. - U U, U
U U
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2. - U U U U
U U U, U U U U U - U U, (U)
U U U U, U U U U U v. U U
w. - U
x. U U? U U
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fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa iz;qDr U&


d esjs HkkbZ us vkt nsj ls [kkuk [kk;kA
[k eSaus jkr Hkj i<+kA
x vc rqe ?kj vk tkvksA
?k cPpksa us i= fy[kkA
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U U?
(v)()

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18

v. - S
fuEufyf[kr l U U U U v.

U mU Q U U
U U- U U U U U
U- U U U - -
U U U U U
U U PU , U U ? U
S ? U U U U
U U U U
.

U U U ?
(v) U U
(x) U U

(w) U U
(y) U U

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(v) U
(w) U U U U U
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(y) Q
.

U ?
(v) U
(x) U U

(w) U U
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Q U U U ?
(v)
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U
w.

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U U ?
(v) U U (w) U U U
(x) U U
(y) S U
(w), (y), (x), (y), (v)

U-U , U U U-S-- U
U U U S
U S S NS
D , U ... U SUU .... U U
U , M , , U ,
U , U U L , ,
19

U U U , U! S
, U U U US M--L U
U - U U U U
U U U- U , U
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. -----------(1)

(2)

(3)

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(1)

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1 (4), (3), (x),

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3.vc gkynkj lkgc dks ckr dqN&dqN le> esa vkbZA ,d p'esokyk gS ftldk uke dSIVu gSA mls usrkth
dh cxSj p'esokyh ewfrZ cqjh yxrh gSA cfYd vkgr djrh gS] ekuks p'es ds cxSj usrkth dks vlqfo/kk gks jgh
gksA blfy, og viuh NksVh-lh nqdku esa miyC/k fxus&pqus seksa esa ls ,d usrkth dh ewfrZ ij fQV dj
nsrk gSA ysfdu tc dksbZ xzkgd vkrk gS vkSj mls oSls gh se dh njdkj gksrh gS tSlk ewfrZ ij yxk gS rks
dSIVu p'esokyk ewfrZ ij yxk se laHkor% usrkth ls {kek ekaxrs gq, ykdj xzkgd dks ns nsrk gS vkSj ckn
esa usrkth dks nwljk se ykSVk nsrk gS! okg! HkbZ [kwc! D;k vkbfM;k gSA
1

gkynkj lkgc dks igys dkSu-lh ckr le> ugha vkrh gS\
d

usrkth dk p'ek D;ksa ugha gS \

[k

usrkth dk p'ek fdlus mrkj fy;k\

usrkth dk p'ek ckj&2 cnyrk D;ksa gSS\

?k

usrkth dh ewfrZ ds lkFk dkSu NsM+[kkuh djrk gS \


20

p'es okyk usrkth dh ewfrZ ij p'ek D;ksa yxk nsrk gS\


d

usrkth ds dkj.k

[k- p'es ds foKkiu ds dkj.k

vius usrkth ds izfr lEeku ds dkj.k

?k yksxksa dk eu j[kus ds fy,

3-

p'es okys dks usrkth dh cxSj p'esokyh ewfrZ cqjh D;ksa yxrh gS\
d
ns'k HkfDr ds dkj.k
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lkSUn;Z cks/k ds dkj.k
x
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4
^okg [kwc!* D;k vkbfM;k gS*& ;g fopkj fdlds eu esa vk;k \
d
turk ds
[k
ns'kokfl;ksa ds
x
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gkynkj ds
5
^vkgr* dk vFkZ gSA
d
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82

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mRrj 11- ?k] 22- [k] 3 [k] 44- [k] 55- x


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iz'u 2-

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iz'u 4

fcfLeYyk [kka nks dkSeksa esa HkkbZpkjs dh izsj.kk dSls nsrs jgs\
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iz'u 5

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mRrj

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1
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iz'u 1

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mRrj

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() ?
?

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() -
?
() ?
11

, ;
|
,
|
132


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()

()

?
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1
2








|
()

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() ?
() |
() ?
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12.

1
1
1
1
1

2X5=10

()

()

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() - ? |
()

() ?
13.
|
?
4

, ?

|
14.
14.


133

2X3 =6

()

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()
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() | ?
() - ?


15.
15.

80 100

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,

, -

, , |

() : - , ,
, , , |
() ijk/khu liusgq lq[k ukfga & Lok/khurk vkSj ijk/khurk esa varj] Lok/khurk vkRelEeku dh
ikskd] ijk/khurk esa &dqaBk dh o`n~f/k] ijk/khurk ,d ] Lok/khurk dks cuk, j[kus
dh ] mik;A
16 .

134

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