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5 Sprinklers in Healthcare - IJ
5 Sprinklers in Healthcare - IJ
Objectives
2
Objectives
Background The Truths and the Myths Legislative Position Facts of Sprinkler Systems Firecode Trade-Offs Considerations & Benefits of Sprinklers in Healthcare Cost Exercise Conclusion
3
Background
4
Background
Sprinklers have a proven track record for minimising fire losses in buildings ( in 2007, 2 million sprinklers were installed in the UK) however, they are seldom specified in hospitals The reasons: Expense No requirement Lack of understanding Sprinkler Systems in Healthcare Premises Guidance Note (WHEN(09)04) published to enable informed decisions and dispel the myths. 5
BRE Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems A good practice guide Corinne Williams
In buildings fully protected by sprinklers: 99% of fires were controlled by sprinklers alone 60% of fires were controlled by the spray from no more than 4 sprinklers
Source: European statistics over 10 year period
There have been no recorded cases of Legionella being contracted from any fire protection system in the world.
Source: BASA BIF No6 Nov 2005
Accidental discharge of water from all causes is 1 in 500,000 (per year of service).
Source: FM (USA) and Loss Prevention Council (UK) statistics
Legislation
10
Legislative Position
There are no statutory requirements for sprinklers to be provided in hospitals Firecode does not require sprinklers, with the exception of high rise buildings (in excess of 30m) and in certain commercial enterprises contained within hospitals Although the design team is expected to consider the advantages that might be gained by installing life-safety sprinklers throughout the building HTM05/02 Para 6.94 The RR(FS)O does not require the inclusion of sprinklers in healthcare premises.
11
Sprinkler Standards
Sprinklers in healthcare premises should be installed in accordance with BS EN 12845 Fixed fire fighting systems Automatic sprinkler systems - Design, installation and maintenance Alternatively, subject to the type of building being considered, a BS 9251:2005 Sprinkler systems for residential and domestic occupancies system may be specified i.e. for staff residences or residential homes.
13
Suppress and control the fire Wet surrounding combustible materials Wet surfaces to cool the building structure Cool smoky gases Reduce the likelihood of flashover
15
Only the head(s) that reach their operating temperature will discharge water Sprinklers do not false alarm - they only operate when heated (by fire) Sprinklers respond quicker than the FRS therefore a smaller fire to extinguish and less water discharge
16
Hazard Classification
Sprinkler systems are designed for specific hazard classes. BS 12845 classes Hospitals as Ordinary Hazard Group 1 Hazard classification determines: water volume and duration pressure and flow requirements maximum area of operation etc Generally water capacity and discharge increases with the higher the classification.
19
Life-safety systems are defined in BS 12845 as sprinkler systems forming an integral part of measures required for the protection of life Life safety systems require additional features, including duplicate valve sets and pumps, increased zoning, fast response sprinkler heads (in certain circumstances), and increased monitoring of valves in accordance with BS 12845 Annex F Sprinkler systems are complex and should only be entrusted to 3rd party accredited organisations
20
Firecode Requirements
21
Firecode Trade-Offs
HTM05/02 Para 6.109 states, Where sprinklers are installed, the guidance may be modified subject to a suitable and sufficient risk assessment being undertaken and the information being recorded in the fire safety manual Sprinklers can also be used to compensate for greater design freedom and more open spatial planning, (generally addressed as part of a more detailed fire engineered package of fire precautions)
22
Firecode Trade-Offs
Glazing in Sub-Compartment Walls
No restriction on the size of un-insulated glazing in subcompartment walls where sprinklers are provided, i.e. no limit on the use of 30-minute (integrity only) glazing Insulating glass is significantly more expensive, removing the limitation also allows greater design flexibility
(HTM 05:02 5.295.31)
23
Firecode Trade-Offs
Elements of Structure
Where sprinklers are provided throughout the whole building the periods of fire resistance to elements of structure can be reduced by 30-minutes Limited cost benefit for concrete frame - more significant for steel frame buildings Restrictions on the use of materials of limited combustibility can also be dispensed with if sprinklers are provided.
(HTM 05:02 6.26.4 and 6.11)
24
Firecode Trade-Offs
Compartmentation
In sprinkler protected buildings up to 12m above ground level compartment walls can be reduced from 60-minutes to 30minutes FR Minor cost savings, e.g. a 60-minute fire door could be reduced to 30-minute rating, compartment walls still require fire smoke dampers (linked to the fire alarm system)
(HTM 05:02 6.56.11 & PHE 5.45.11)
25
Firecode Trade-Offs
Fire Hazard Rooms and Areas
Where sprinklers are installed, subject to risk assessment, there is no need to enclose individual fire hazard rooms in 30minute fire-resistance construction Significant cost benefit, especially in facilities providing care for mental health or elderly occupancies, as these bedrooms would traditionally require 30-minute protection.
(HTM 05:02 6.286.34)
26
Firecode Trade-Offs
C C E/ S C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C C E/ S C CB ed Room S ta fW fC C B E/ S S ta fW fC C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room
R P
C CB ed Room
*
C C E/ S C C E/ S C C E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S
C BB ed Room
C C D40 C C E/ S C C E/ S C C E/ S
N g i ht O bs / St af M f ul t i P ur p ose Rm S W S W
C C E/ S
C C E/ S
3 . 9 m
F D30S
C C D48 R ege n. Ki . t F D30S C C D22 F D30S C C D26 F D30S C C D30 F D30S C C D34 F D30S C C D42 F D30S F D30S F D30S C C D46 C C D47
C C D52 F D30S
C C D56 F D30S
C C D60 F D30S
C C D64 F D30S C B D13 F D30S C B D15 F D30S C B D19 F D30S C B D25 F D30S C B D27 F D30S C B D31 F D30S
C C D54 C C D50 F D30S C C D24 F D30S C C D28 F D30S C C D32 F D30S C C D36 F D30S C C D38 F D30S C C D44 F D30S F D30S
C C D58 F D30S C C E/ S C C E/ S
C C D62 F D30S
C C D66 F D30S
C C D68 F D30S C B D17 F D30S C C E/ S N g ih t O bs. C B D21 F D30S C B D23 F D30S C B D29 F D30S
C B ED 01
C C E/ S
C C E/ S C C E/ S 3 . 9 m C C E/ S C C E/ S
C C E/ S
C C E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S A ssi s e t d Bat h r o om
C om m o n St r . ( Co d l Room )
C C D87 C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room F D30S H O D A ssi s t e d Bat h r oom A ssi s t ed Bat h r oom
C C D88 F D30S H O D
C B D46 C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room S t a f W C/ S hower H O D C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room F D30S
C i rc u l a t o in
P at . Pr op . St r
C O D03 F D30S
Z on e 10
C B D10 F D30S
S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge
. r L n i e nS t
C B D09 F D30S
G en . St . r
S u i te 5 (C o n t n i ui ng C a re ) C o u rt Yar d
1 82. 6m
F D30S
S u i te 4 (C o n t n i ui ng C a re ) C o u rt Yar d
1 94. 3 m
C B D34 F D3 0S
A t t e n a r o t u
C O D46 F D30S
Z on e 1
P at . Pr op . St . r L aundr y C C D78 F D30S C C D79 F D30S
Z on e 2
S u l c i e ( DU)
Z on e 3
C B D08 F D30S C B D35 F D30S D n i i ng Room
HOD
S y c n P a n e l
6 0 0 k V A O i l G e n e r a r o t 5 m x 2 ma i d T a n k A x o r p
M AN UA L CA LL P O I NT ADJACENT E XT ER NA L DO OR Ds i W C
T a n k R o o m
D s i W C
A RE A SU BJ EC T TO A C C U R A T E S U RVEY OF R E T A I N E D BUILDINGS
Oi l T a n k x A x o r p 5 m 2 ma i d
S r t. /S m o ki ngRm S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge D s i W C
S er v er y
C B D36 F D30S
C e l a ner s
P R
C B D42 F D60S W ar d M a na ge r s O . f
M ul ti p ur p ose/ T a r i ni n g Rm
M ul ti T her apy
Q ui e t R oom
Z on e 11
C O D48 F D30S C C D86 F D30S H OD H O D C C D18 F D30S C C D17 F D30S C C D15 F D30S C C D13 F D30S
W ar d M a nager C C D73 Cr i c ul a t o in C C D74 F D30S F D30S C C D72 F D30S C C D71 F D30S C C D89 F D30S H OD C B D05 F D30S
S W Ds i W C D s i W C
C B D43 C C D09 O UT ( ut l it i y) F D30S S t a fK t i . Di nn ig C r i c ul a t o in F D30S C C D08 D s i W C D s i W C C B D44 F D30S C B D03 F D30S C B D04 C B D41 F D30S F D30S C r i c ul a t o in V ol u nt a r y Sec t or Of c i fe C C D05 C C D06 F D30S M al e St af f Chang. C O D07 F D30S S ta fW fC S ta fW fC C C D03 F D30S C C D04 C O D15 F D30S C O D16 F D30S C C D01 F D30S F D30S Lobby C C D02 F D30S C O D23 C B D01 F D30S C B D02 F D30S C O D47 F D30S F em a e l St a f Cha ng. M ul ti T her apy T e r at m e nt Rm IN u ( t ii lt y) IN u ( t ii lt y)
F x i e d l a d d r e p o s t i o n
C O D06 F D30S
M ee t i ng / M H & T i r bunal Rm IN u ( t ii lt y) O UT ( ut l it i y)
H ub Room
F D30S
P at . Pr op . St or e
C C D07 F D30S W C - Fe m a e l V s it i or s
C C D4 7/ A WC -M a e l V s i t i or s F D30S
C B D45 F D30S
Te l.
1 . 7 m
C O D05 F D30S
C O ED 02
P LA NT ( Bo e l ir )
C or r d o ir
Z on e 6
C O D26 F D30S
Z on e 8
C O D22 F D30S
Z on e 7
R U D03 F D30S R U D04 F D30S IN u ( t ii lt y)
C or r i dor
R P
R UB ed Room
R UB ed Room
R UB ed Room S t r/ .S m o ki ngRm
R U D15 F D30S
R U D16 F D30S
S t r. /S m o ki ngRm
R UB ed Room
Q ui e t R oom
R UB ed Room
R UB ed Room
R U D22 R U E/ S
WC R U E/ S R U E/ S R U E/ S
R U D17 F D30S
R U D18 F D30S
R U E/ S
R U E/ S
R U D54 F D30S
R U D60 F D30S H O D R U D75 F D30S R U D40 F D30S R U D39 F D30S R U D23 F D30S H O D
R U D26
F D30S
R U D28 F D30S Cr i c ul a t o in
*
R U D52 F D30S
Z on e 4
R U D48
F D30S
Z on e 5
R U D35 F D30S R U D37 R U D34 F D30S F D30S
F D30S
*
R U D30 F D30S
R U D32 F D30S
S W
R U E/ S
R U E/ S R U D49 F D30S
R U D36 R U E/ S F D30S R U E/ S R U E/ S S ta fW fC
S ta fW fC
S er v er y Dn i i ng Room S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room S er v er y D n i i ng Room S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge
R P
FAP
I/F
Z on e 9
C e l a ner s C O D10 F D30S
R U D01 F D30S
IN u ( i ti lt y) R U D05
Go r up The r apy
C O D45 F D30S
M ed . Re co r d s St . r
M ed . Re co r d s Of . f
Ofc ie
O fc ie
Ofc ie
O fc ie
O fc ie Cr i c ul a t o in
C O D39 -
T her apy Ad m n i . Of .
C O D44 F D30S
W ai t i ng Ar ea W ar d M a na ge r s O . f
T e r at m e nt Room
S u i t e 1 (R ehab) C o u rt Yar d
2 16. 8 m
S u i te 2 (R ehab) C o u rt Yar d
2 13. 3 m
C O D37 F D30S
R U D13 F D30S
R e c e p ti o n / Admi n.
3 1. 5 m
D ra u g h t Lobby
I/F
1 3. 6 m
P at . Pr op . St . r
L n i e nS t . r
R U D66 -
27
Firecode Trade-Offs
C C E/ S C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C C E/ S C CB ed Room S ta fW fC C B E/ S S ta fW fC C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room
P R
C CB ed Room C C E/ S
*
C C E/ S C C E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S C B E/ S
C BB ed Room
C C E/ S
C C E/ S
C C E/ S
C C D40 F D30S S W
Ng i ht O bs / St af M f ul t i P ur p ose Rm S W
C C E/ S
C C E/ S
3 . 9 m
C C D48 R ege n. Ki t . F D30S C C D22 F D30S C C D26 F D30S C C D30 F D30S C C D34 F D30S C C D42 F D30S C C D46 C C D47 F D30S F D30S
C C D52 F D30S
C C D56 F D30S
C C D60 F D30S
C C D64 F D30S C B D13 F D30S C B D15 F D30S C B D19 F D30S C B D25 F D30S C B D27 F D30S C B D31 F D30S
C C D54 C C D50 C C D24 F D30S C C D28 F D30S C C D32 F D30S C C D36 C C D38 F D30S F D30S F D30S C C E/ S C C E/ S C C E/ S C C E/ S C C D44 F D30S F D30S
C C D58 F D30S C C E/ S C C E/ S
C C D62 F D30S
C C D66 F D30S
C C D68 F D30S C B D17 F D30S C C E/ S Ng ih t O bs. C B D21 F D30S C B D23 F D30S C B D29 F D30S
C B ED 0 1
C C E/ S
C C E/ S C C E/ S 3 . 9 m
C B E/ S
C B E/ S
C B E/ S
C O D01 C om m o n St . r ( Co d l Room ) G ood s I N F D60S C C D87 C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room F D30S HO D A ssi s t ed Bat h r oom A ssi s t ed Bat h r oom C C D88 F D30S H OD C B D46 C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room C CB ed Room S t a f W C/ S hower H OD C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room C BB ed Room F D30S
C i rc u l a t o in
P at . Pr op . St r
C O D03 F D30S
Z on e 10
S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge
L n i e nS t . r
F D30S
S u ite 3 (C h a l l e n gi n g B e h a v i o u r) Co ur t Y ar d
1 63. 7m
G en . St . r
S u i te 5 (C o n t n iu n ig C a re ) C o u rt Ya r d
1 82. 6m
F D30S
S u i te 4 (C o n t n iu n ig C a re ) C o u rt Ya r d
1 94. 3m
C B D3 4 F D3 0S
A t t e n a r o t u
C O D46 F D30S
Z on e 1
P at . Pr op . St . r L aundr y C C D78 F D30S C C D79 F D30S
Z on e 2
S u l c i e ( DU)
Z on e 3
C B D08 F D30S C B D35 F D30S Dn i i ng Room
HOD
6 0 0 k V A Oi l Ge n e r a r o t 5 m x 2 ma i d T a n k x o r p A
M AN UA L CA LL P OI NT ADJACENT E XT ER NA L DO O R Ds i W C
T a k n Ro o m
Ds i W C
A RE A SU BJ EC T TO A C C U R A T E S U RVEY OF R E T A I N E D BUILDINGS
Oi l T a n k x A x o r p 5 m 2 ma i d
S r t. /S m o ki ngRm S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge Ds i W C
S er v er y
C B D36 F D30S
Ce l a ner s
RP
Z on e 11
C O D48 F D30S C C D86 F D30S H OD H OD C C D18 F D30S C C D17 F D30S C C D15 F D30S C C D13 F D30S
W ar d M a nager C C D73 Cr i c ul a t o in C C D74 F D30S F D30S C C D72 F D30S C C D71 F D30S C C D89 F D30S HO D C B D05 F D30S
S W Ds i W C Ds i W C
C B D43 C B D44 C O D06 F D30S S t a fK t i . Di nn ig Cr i c ul a t o in C C D09 O UT ( ut l it i y) F D30S F D30S C C D08 Ds i W C Ds i W C F D30S C B D03 F D30S C B D04 C B D41 F D30S Cr i c ul a t o in V ol u nt a r y Sec o trO fc i fe C C D05 C C D06 P at . Pr op . St or e C O D07 F D30S S ta fW fC S ta ff W C C C D03 F D30S C C D04 C O D15 F D30S C O D16 F D30S C C D01 F D30S F D30S Lobby C C D02 F D30S C O D23 C B D01 F D30S C B D02 F D30S C O D47 F D30S F D30S M al e St af f Chang. F em a e l St a f Cha ng. M ul ti T her apy T e r at m e nt Rm INu ( t ii lt y) IN u ( t ii lt y)
F x i d e l a d d r e p o s i t o n
F D30S
M ee t i ng / M H& T i r bunal Rm IN u ( t ii lt y) O UT ( ut l it i y)
H ub Room
F D30S
C C D07 F D30S W C - Fe m a e l V s it i or s WC -M a e l V s i t i or s
C C D4 7/ A F D30S
C B D45 F D30S
Te l.
1 . 7 m
C O D05 F D30S
C O ED 0 2
P LA NT ( Bo e l ir )
C or r d o ir
Z on e 6
C O D26 F D30S
Z on e 8
C O D22 F D30S
Z on e 7
R U D03 F D30S R U D04 F D30S IN u ( t ii lt y)
C or r i dor
RP
R U D15 R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room F D30S S t r. /S m o ki ngRm R U D64 Q ui e t R oom h r oom A ssi s t ed Bat F D30S S u l c i e ( DU) L aundr y
R U D16 F D30S S r t. /S m o ki ngRm R UB ed Room A ssi s t ed Bat h r oom Q ui e t R oom R UB ed Room R UB ed Room
R U D19 F D30S
R U D2 2 R U E/ S WC R U D25 F D30S R U E/ S R U E/ S
WC R U E/ S R U E/ S R U E/ S
R U D17 F D30S
R U D18 F D30S
R U D54 F D30S
R U D61 F D30S
R U D60 F D30S H OD R U D75 R U D40 F D30S F D30S R U D39 F D30S R U D23 F D30S H OD
R U D21 F D30S
*
R U D52 F D30S
Z on e 4
R U D48 F D30S
F D30S
Z on e 5
R U D35 F D30S R U D34 F D30S
F D30S Cr i c ul a t o in
*
R U D30 F D30S
R U D32 F D30S
R U D37 F D30S
R U E/ S
R U E/ S R U D49 F D30S
R U D47 F D30S S ta fW fC
R U D36 R U E/ S S ta fW fC F D30S R U E/ S R U E/ S
S er v er y Dn i i ng Room S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room R UB ed Room S er v er y Dn i i ng Room S t in i g Ro om / TV Lo unge
P R
FAP
I/F
Z on e 9
s Ce l a ner C O D10 F D30S
R U D01 F D30S
IN u ( t ii lt y) R U D05
Go r up The r apy
C O D45 F D30S
M ed . Re co r d s St . r
M ed . Re co r d sO . f
O fc ie
O fc ie
Ofc ie
O fc ie
Ofc ie Cr i c ul a t o in
R U D07 F D30S O UT ( ut l it i y) R U D06 F D30S R U D08 F D30S R U D09 F D30S F D30S Cr i c ul a t o in I nt e r v i ew Room R ec r e at o i n Rm ( Rehab. K t i. ) Go r up The r apy T e r at m e nt R m C ( hi r opody/ d ent al / ot her ) C af e Ar ea
C O D39 -
T her apy Ad m n i . Of .
C O D44 F D30S
W ai t i ng Ar ea W ar d M a na ge r s O . f
R U D10 F D30S
R U D11 F D30S
P ost Ro om / Ph ot ocopy
C O D36 F D30S
T e r at m e nt Room
S u i te 1 (R e ha b ) C o u rt Yar d
2 16. 8m
S u i t e 2 (R e ha b) C o u rt Ya r d
2 13. 3m
C O D37 F D30S
R e c e p t i o n / Ad mi n.
3 1. 5 m
D ra u g h t L ob by
I/F
1 3. 6 m
P at . Pr op . St . r
L n i e nS t . r
28
R U D66 -
Firecode Trade-Offs
External Fire Spread Space separation distances between buildings or facing compartments can be halved if sprinklers are provided External envelope protection requirements for re-entrant angle protection can be relaxed if sprinklers are provided
(HTM 05:02 6.636.76)
29
Firecode Trade-Offs
Number and Location of Fire-Fighting Shafts Potential reduction in the number / location of fire fighting shafts if sprinklers are provided.
(HTM 05:02 7.197.20)
30
Considerations
31
Points of Ligature
It is possible that the body (yoke) of a traditional sprinkler head could be misused as a point of ligature Institutional sprinkler heads could be specified Specifically designed for use in prisons and mental health facilities to remove the risk ligature, whilst also reducing (not eliminating) the potential for tampering
34
Future Flexibility
Hospitals are often considered to be dynamic environments The change of use of individual rooms or ward occupancies is unlikely to result in any significant complications with the sprinkler system Alterations to internal partitions (i.e. removing or erecting new partitions), will require liaison with the sprinkler installation/maintenance contractor to ensure that the alterations do not negate the effectiveness of the installation Where modification of a sprinkler installation becomes necessary, robust procedures will also be required to ensure adequate fire safety during periods of isolation.
35
Cost Exercise
36
All options were based on a fully code-compliant HTM05/02 design, except Option 4 which addressed a derogation omitting ceiling void suppression.
37
Extent of Ward A
38
39
28,227 more expensive than Option 4 50,585 less expensive than Option 4 12,479 more expensive than Option 4 0
* The cost of fire precautions relates solely to the features that can be varied through the recognised trade-offs for hazard room enclosures if sprinklers are provided Excludes costs for the fire precautions that are common to all four options, eg the escape lighting, AFD, signage or extinguishers, these features are required regardless of the provision of sprinklers or not.
40
Damper
Conclusion
43
Conclusion
It is extremely important that decisions concerning fire safety in healthcare premises should be well informed so an objective overview of the key issues should be considered when evaluating the merits of sprinkler systems for particular projects WHEN(09)04 calls out for Trusts and their appointed design teams to fully consider all of the implications and potential benefits offered by sprinkler systems in the design of healthcare premises through a thorough option appraisal process.
44
Summary
Background The Truths and the Myths Legislative Position Facts of Sprinkler Systems Firecode Trade-Offs Considerations & Benefits of Sprinklers in Healthcare Cost Exercise Conclusion
45