Navigation Map Navigation must have a global representation of its environment Waypoint Navigation follows a sequence of recognizable landmarks

arks to reach a destination Local Navigation - requires robots to be able to recognize destinations, aim for them, and hold a course. Motors DC Motor o Pros: Have high speeds, produce high torques o Cons: Inaccurate, Doesnt stop immediately due to inertia, eventually burn out Stepper Motor o Pros: Accurate o Cons: Slow, low torque Servo Motor o Pros: High torque o Cons: Expensive Sensors Sonar Optical Thermal Frame Skin Batteries Lithium Ion Nickel-Metal Hydride Lead Acid Cells Solar Panels Monocrystalline silicon Polycrystalline silicon BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaics) Wheels Standard Wheels Ball Wheel Omni Wheel Aluminum Alloy Titanium Alloy Carbon Fiber