Performance of Discontinuous Galerkin Methods For Elliptic Pde

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?9  A$]GA3,*]Au xk3f/]A zKNIp*QKNOG#GO
AAKN$;wuNKxpQKA3x/]fxk33A5GuKK`x]Q


1A\I^Ujkce^idE[ORWbI\pcOjtVYXUbIceRQSUVYRmncemWXpop[OqY\I^UrVYR * \ISUTWcQlWX5ceRqYqYVYZSiVYbp1t X
9

50
NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

140
NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

45

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3
120

40
7
100

ratio of errors

ratio of errors

ratio of errors

35
6

30

25

20

80

60

15

40

3
10
20

1
5

log10 ( )

0
5

log10 ( )

0
5

60

40

80

ratio of errors

ratio of errors

100

30

20

40

10

20

log10 ( )

log10 ( )

0
5

12

60

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

50

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

1
5

120

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

ratio of errors

log10 ( )

0
5

log ( )

10

18

70

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

16
60

10
14

50

ratio of errors

12

ratio of errors

ratio of errors

10

40

30

6
20
4

10
2

0
5

log10 ( )

0
5

log10 ( )

  N 1700?#" %&'-,.,# ,.8l". ,=%& G7,K17B79


/2 3 (*)A!M?1.I7I ,#96 )A1700  #";BLMG7,K2

 ;>

= = 749:

0
5

log10 ( )

 > E D ^/2 ,.,K98I*  B78$M+)A98#% ^17 B

2/9(*,K98; !93F3  I /  (& B71 , ?:1 3 (&^I ,K -3 -)A8_ -9[OR ceX{Si^i[ORW(l *[KSUTW\IdE[KSiVYb`[Oq?:QSimnlWVY\IX_
1 ^iVYRWbI\wSUceR_   _.N J e
 $t#W2y^iRWceqYl3_ 9^i\

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SUVYRQmWcemWXop[OqY\I^irQVYR *\wSiTnclWX <5Tn\`ce^{_h79cedfZWmnSi[KSUVYceR[ORWl 2ZWZnqYVYb[KSUVYceRWXs79cbrQWmW^UR_9o# y
;[O^URWV|[Olg[OrQVYX_[ORWlE7 IQ:TQm_Q\IlWX v_6?\IbwSimn^i\ cOSi\IXVYRE79cedfZWmnSi[KSiVYceRg[Oq]:Qb`VY\IRWbI\y[ORWl RneVYRW\I\`^ I
VYRnW_]:ZW^UVYRWe\I^ -\I^iq|[OW_ \`n^img[O^{  ee _WZWZ L;JN Ne
 $t# 2^URWceqYl_  FM-,.0 ,I&- 173  +MH93 9)+-;)+-%&9B DlF% B F8./2 F(  (&8H93 9)+-8_1T3 t#
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1 
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2yRg[Oqu /s N J;Lv_ M51  MOe
 =
h[OW m Xi rK[n_;7 yh[OmWdE[ORWR3_5[ORWl  <;h@ln\`R3_ B 82/2 (& (&8 7N  -3 9)A9')+9F% -B"  ,
B   (&8 0  IJ,K -3 9)'8  1  1 3  8 8_N7hcedfZnmnS9 *[KSiT3g2ZWZnqu !/sN J;J;Jvw_ N e N n
 =" h[OW m XU rO[#[ORWl * #]q [O$ dE[Oqu_ ;  /2 9"  ,.)AF*G -3 -)+908 FF% FM;93 9)A9 )+-%&9B Dl%;I&- 173  e_
:Q=0H2 *  mWd2Rg[Oqu %s N J MO v_ L e L MO
 M o# 2# h[Ore\I^'_ & FME93 9)A9 )A9%&-B 8J"  , 93F3  IJ00/E -
( 1 78(&82F*G= 7 / 79". ,.)AF*G-3 9)A98i2_ *[KSUT
79cedfZ( s N J M;M v_ 1  Jn
 L<;) h[O^{SiT[ORW
l /,t\IbIceRWVYRWrsk\IlWX v_ $F8./2 F(  (&8>E173 9,+* )A9%&-B 8 "  , / 7:<2/900  KB77)' 1 M B
I ,K -3 9)A8i_6?\IbISUmW^U\ cOSU\IXVYR#79cedfZWmnSi[KSUVYceRg[Oqg:bIVY\IRWbI\h[ORWlRneVYRW\I\`^UVYRWW_Kcequ5 Jn_:QZW^iVYRWe\I^ -\I^iq|[OW_
 N:]2edfceR_

1g7>[OX{SiVYqYqYc
1.6

5
NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

21.5

4.5
1.5
18.5

4
1.4

1.3

1.2

15.5

ratio of errors

ratio of errors

ratio of errors

3.5

2.5

12.5

9.5

2
1.1

6.5
1.5

3.5

0.9
5

log10 ( )

0.5
5

1.5

log10 ( )

0.5
5

log10 ( )

5
NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

14

4.5
1.4
12

1.2

1.1

10

ratio of errors

3.5

ratio of errors

ratio of errors

1.3

2.5

2
4
1.5

1
2

0.9
5

log ( )

0.5
5

10

log ( )

0
5

10

1.8

2.8
NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

2.6

1.7

1.6

log10 ( )

6
NIPG = 1
NIPG = 3

5.5

2.4

2.2

4.5

1.4

1.3

ratio of errors

ratio of errors

ratio of errors

1.5
2

1.8

1.6

3.5

1.2
1.4
1.1

0.9
5

log ( )
10

2.5

1.2

1.5

0.8
5

log ( )

  E1 #"$%&'9,.,K ,.85". ,$%&$G7,K17B 0-


1  BH/ 73 (&)' MH1.I7I ,K<6 )A1 0   "$B7`G7,K2 

10



 $>

1
5

log ( )

10

?> E D;/ 7,.,K-8I&  B 8A )A98#%

N J;J;Jn
h[OXiXUV;[ORWl:N>\`W[`_ %& G%K ,KBL-, 17/2/-(&,K1 M B F8./2 F(  (&8AFM -3 9)A9+)A9%&-B ". ,!%&
(*)+-,.0/21 3^8. 3 (&00 s#"%& /2 )^IJ,K-8282 -3  $1 :<9, JM* 98H
9(&1700 8_  >79cedfZWmS1TnX` 
s N J;J M v_  & M   M Jn
 N 7 y h[OmWdE[ORWR_  7N K17B71.IJ0:<eB F8./2 F(  (&8 >E173 9,+* )A9%&-B "  , / 7)^I (&M1   173 4 (*0B B  
 1 )'0/-8_g1T3 t#nSUTW\IXiVYX`_W<>TW\,4yRWV \I^UXiV S0EcOjA<G\wW[OX[KS52mWX{SiVYR_N J;J M
 N;N7 y h[OmWdE[ORWR)[ORWl  <;y@lW\IR_
B7F8./2 F(  (*8 7NFM -3 9)A9 )A9%&-Be"  , /2 :2/-0  
B   (&8 0 ?I ,# 3 9)'8_]79cedfZWmnS` *\wSiTWcQlWX52ZWZnqu9 *\IbT Rne^iWY_VYR$ZW^U\IXiX_XiZN\IbIV|[Oq3VYXUXimW\yceR:QZ]\Ib I
SU^[Oqu_:ZN\`bwSU^[Oq qY\Idf\IRQS`_e[ORWl 7N *\wSUTWclnXVYR#7 t#_K\IlWV SU\Il*#o# y;[O^iRWV|[OlW[OrVYX`;_ *2VYRWX{ahce^USUT
[ORnl7 9\I^iRg[O^UlWVu
 N $1A7>[OX{SiVYqYqYcW_ -/21 3EB 8./ 70(&7(*8 >E1 3 9,+* F )+-%&9B 8="  , /2 :2/-7 KB   (&82 1  B 93F3  IJ00/IJ,K 
3 9)'8_g1T3 t#nSUTW\IXiVYX`_g4yRnV \`^UXiV S0cOj *VYRWRW\IXUcOS[n_ *VYRnRW\`[OZ]ceqYVYX`_ * _  e Ne
 N $137h[OX{SiVYqYqYcW!_ 379cQbrnmW^iR_3=]1A\`^UmWeV|[n_3[ORWlt#3:biT cO+S
`[Om_  1'I ,. ,.^-,.,K7,A1  173  82F8A#"'%&+3 -/21 3
B F8./2 F(  (&8>E1 3 -,+* F )A9%&-BE".7, -33  I /I ,K -3 -)A8_n:=02 *  mWdK2yRg[Oqu Es  ee v_nRncW _
N & MO N MOe
 N 1  h79cQbrQWmW^iR[ORWl79tp[`a5XiceR3_ P )A .6 M98 0 8 #" %&e3 9/ 173=B7F8./2 F(  (*8 >E1 3 9,+* F@)+-%&9B
". , /2 : /9  #B   (&8 0   -
( 1 78' )A(*3 B )A982 8_G<G\IbT) 5\IZNce^USz<G\IbT3 >\IZ]ce^{S J;J5I  M _
<G\wn[OX=0RWX{SiV SUmnSU\;jxce^y79cedfZWmnSi[KSiVYceRW[OqG[ORWl2yZWZWqYVY\Il *[KSUTW\IdE[KSUVYb`X`_ N J;J;Jn
 N  g79cQbrQWmW^iR3_]o# ;[ORWXUbTg[KS`_N=W1A\I^imWeV|[n_W[ORWlt,N:bT cO+S
`[Om_ J(9I&-,#/ 7:<9,0GL- /2 #";F% 3 -/21 3 B 8./ 7 
0(&7(*8 GL1 3 -,+* Fe)A9%&-B;". ,'-33  I / I ,K -3 -)A8  / 17,.9821  G ,.0B 8_N:=0H2 *  mWd2Rg[OquY_Sic

 J

1A\I^Ujkce^idE[ORWbI\pcOjtVYXUbIceRQSUVYRmncemWXpop[OqY\I^UrVYR * \ISUTWcQlWX5ceRqYqYVYZSiVYbp1t X
1.6

5.5
degree = 1
degree = 2
degree = 3

degree = 1
degree = 2
degree = 3

1.5

4.5
1.4

ratio

ratio

1.3

3.5

1.2

2.5
1.1

2
1

1.5
0.9

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.8

1
5

log ( )

1.1

0.9

0.9

0.8

0.8

0.7

0.7

ratio

ratio

1.1

0.6

0.6

0.5

0.5

0.4

0.4

degree = 1
degree = 2
degree = 3

0.3

0.2
5

log ( )
10

10

log10 ( )

degree = 1
degree = 2
degree = 3

0.3

0.2
5

log10 ( )

  E1 ". ,'3  21 , C -


( 17B ,K1700/ 1  B /-( -/A1.I7I ,K<6 )A1 0 8 J 17,.0*G="2,K ) M.I 3 ". F
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[OZnZ]\`[O^`

 N  N79cQbrnmW^iR_No# y ;[O^URWV|[Olg[OrQVYX_N[ORnl7 IN:TQmsk\IlWX v_P$F8./2

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VYRnW_Wcequ.N;Ne_]:QZW^iVYRWe\I^+-\`^Uq|[OW_ \IW^Umg[O^U  ee
 N M  z79cQbrnmW^iR[ORWl87 ;:TQm_  %&3 9/21 3 B F8./2 F(  (&8@>E1 3 9,+* FFM-3 -)+9)+9F% -B "  ,
/ 7:<2/900  KB   (*827e8  829)Ai8 _N:=02 *  mndn2yRg[Oqu  /sN J;J;Lvw_  1;1   1e
 N L  NtcemWeq|[OX`_  ^`N[ORWl<;]tmnZ]ceRS`_ .M-,.0 , I&- 1 3  I ,#-/22B (*,#-8 ".7,'93F3  I /+1  BAI&1 ,K1  3 /e>E1 3 9,+* F
)A9%&-B 8 _N6?\IbwSimW^U\ cOSU\`X5VYR1TQXiVYbIX`_ncequ Ln_N:ZW^iVYRne\`^I -\`^Uq|[OW_(9\I^UqYVYR_.N J MO
 N J *OtymWWVYRW\I^_ LI*2/-,K173)A9%&-B 8^  ,.17*G 3 -8E17 B' %&9, B77)A1 8 _  :Qb`Vu7hcedfZ3
$sN J;JNv_ 21  J
    <zG@lW\IR_=uc h[OWm XU rO[n_9[ORWl7 yh[OmWdE[ORWR_ B F8./2 F(  (&8 7NeMH93 9)+-=)+-%&9B "  ,
B   (&8 0  IJ,K -3 9)'8 _  ]79cedfZWmnS`W1TQX 
sN J;J;Lv_ 1 JN  N Jn
 N  5V V\I ^i\$[ORWl$* &TW\I\IqY\I^_ E17,. 2) I ,K :2B - 9,0G  982F)+1 M-8 "  , FM9,. ,AI*9 1 3  <C /2  
8 ,K17F 2B 1  B B 82/2 (& (&8 >E1 3 -+, * F)A9%&-B78$"  , -33  I /+I ,K 3 -)A8 _><G\IbT>\`ZNce^{S J;J5I Jn_
<>={792H*_N J;J;Jn
  >V V\` ^U\e_ * &TW\I\IqY\`^`_y[ORWl$-#>oVY^i[OmWq S_ 2) I ,K :2B 9 -,0G  -82F)+1 M98;"  , FM-,.0 , I*9 1 3  <C
/ 78 ,K17F 2B+1  BB 8./ 70(&7(*8$>E173 9+, * )A9%&-B78 ". ,E93F3  IJ00/lIJ,K -3 9)'8  1 ,. _O<G\IbT3 >\`ZNce^{S
J;J5I Jn_g<>={7h2 *_.N J;J;Jn
  y?: mWqYVu_7?:bTa>[O_[ORWl1/ycemWX{SiceR3_7N ?> & ".7,;I*1 ,.1735B7 ^-,#-173 
9(&1 0 8 DlF%    
 MGL1 F:A/.%&17,K17/99,.F82/E"  ,.#) _NtVYXibIceRSiVYRQmWcemWXop[OqY\I^irQVYR(*\wSUTWclnX <>TW\Ice^U_]79cedfZWmnSi[KSiVYceR[ORWl
 1 

2yZWZWqYVYb`[KSUVYceRWX/s97hcQbrQWmW^UR_o# y;[O^iRWV|[Olg[OrQVYX_5[ORnl)7 Ih:QTm_5\IlWX` vw_>6?\IbwSUmW^i\ cOSi\IXEVYR


79cedfZWmS[KSUVYceRg[Oq:bIVY\IRWbI\,[ORWlRWeVYRW\I\I^iVYRWW_Wcequ N;Ne_]:ZW^UVYRWe\I+^ -\I^iq|[OW_  ee _gZWZ N   e
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mWd2Rg[Oqu s N J M Lv _ N N Ne

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