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jcif;rcH&atmif umuG,fwm;qD;Mu&ef jzpfavonf/ rnfonfhbmomrS tpGJt
vrf;rxm;bJ vGwfvyfpGmawG;awmMuHq ,kHMunfcGifh&ap&ef 0kdif;0ef;tm;xkwfMu
&rnfom jzpfonf/
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qviftoif;tzGJYrsm;onf Ak'bmom EkdifiHawmfbmom omoemvkyfjcif;ukd uefY
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om;vlenf;pkbmoma&; r[mrdwftzGJY[kzGJYum rdrdwkdYnDnTwfa&;udk wnfaqmuf
vlenf;pkbmoma&;tusKd;pD;yGg;udk umuG,foGm;Murnfqkdaomtcg uREkfyfwkdYu ul
nDtm;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/

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Ak'bmomvlrsm;pkxJrS tjcm;bmomrsm;udk vGwfvyfpGm ,kHMunfukd;uG,f

cGifhay;vkdaomolrsm;ESifhbmoma&;udprsm;wGif Mum;aetyfaomtpkd;&uvnf; vl
enf;pkbmoma&;r[mrdwftzJYGtm; wwfEkdifonfhbufrS 0dkif;0ef;ulnDtm;ay;oifh
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az:jycsuf/}}

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AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;/

EkdifiHawmfbmomukd
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[m rMumrD ysufpD;NydKuGJNyD; uRefoabmufjzpfoGm;MurSmbJ/
uRefawmfwkdYwkdif;jynfxJrSm tavmif;bk&m;vufxufuwnf;u &SdcJhMuwJh
rlqifvifawG &Sdw,f? bk&if*sDawG&Sdw,f? tpuwnf;u &SdvmcJhMuwJhewfukd;uG,f
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bl;/ olwkdYwawGyg ygMuygw,f/
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tck uRefwGif;u vGwfr,frS rMuHMuao;bl;? odwkdYwawGtay:rSm tEkdif

usifhNyD; igwkdYvlrsm;pk&JUbmomudk EkdifiHawmfbmomjzpf&r,fvkdY vkyfvkduf&if usKyfwkdY
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awG vkyfraeprf;ygeJY uRefawmfwkdY[m uRefawmfwkdY wkdif;jynfBuD;wckvkH; pnf;&kH;ae
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BuD;awG&JUpdwful;,Ofb0ifavyifhNyD; ajymcJhwJhpum;awGyg/ tckcsdefrSm uRefawmfwkdY
vkdMuwmu jynfaxmifpkBuD;xJrSm&SdaeMuwJhvlrsKd;tm;vkH; bmomtm;vkH; b,f
awmhrSrNydKuGJbJ cGJxGufoGm;rJhvlawGay:rvmapbJ EkdifiHpdwf"gwfwckxJ &Sdaeatmif
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&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; omoemh'g,umbcsKd\Ak'bmomEkdifiHawmfvkdY q&m[m q&m
ausnm uRefawmf rygbl;/
(2-9-60)aeYxkwf 'D;'kwfowif;pmrS

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anmifa&TapmfbGm;BuD;p0fa&Tokduf\
vTwfawmfem,ucGifhjyKNyD;aom ar;cGef;udk owif;pmrsm;wGif
xnfhoGif;ausnmay;yg&ef/
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(C) odygvQif jynfaxmifpkBuD; rNydKuGJap&ef tpkd;&u rnfuJhodYk pDrHaqmif&Guf
ygrnfenf;/
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ArmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m ArmrGwfqvifuGef*&ufESifh
ArmrGwfqvifvli,frsm;\
awmif;qkdcsufrsm;/
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xl;jcm;vmrnfr[kwfonfomru Ak'bmom0ifr[kwfMuaom jynfaxmifpkom;
wkdY\pdwfawG taESmuft&Sufrsm;om yGg;rsm;vmrnfjzpf Ak'bmomudk EkdifiHawmf
bmomjyKvkyfa&;udk A-r-vtzGJYtaeESifhrl wckvkH;udk uefYuGufygaMumif;/
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pdwf0rf;uGJapjcif;? &efrlapjcif;wkdYudk ay:aygufvm&ef taMumif;&Sdjcif;/
(2)vlrIqufqefa&; w&m;rQwrI pD;yGg;a&;w&m;rQwrI EkdifiHa&;w&m;rQwrI vGwf
vyfpGm ,kHMunfEkdifrI vGwfvyfpGmudk;uG,fEkdifrI vGwfvyfpGm y&da,oe&SmrSD;EkdifrI
tqifhtwef;nDrQrItcGifhtvef;nDrQrIrsm; EkdifiHawmf uif;rJhapEkdifjcif;/
(3)wkdif;&if;om;aygif;pkH aoG;pD;nDnTwfrIudk jyufjym;ap qkd&S,fvpfEdkifiH wnf
aqmuf&m [efYwm;aESmuf&SufjyufpD;apEkdifjcif;wkdYaMumifh Ak'bmom omoempk
tm; EkdifiHawmfbmom omoemjyKvkyfjcif;ukd A-r-v|mecsKyfrS jyif;jyif;xefxef
uefYuGufaMumif;/

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BUDDHISM WILL BE STATE

RELIGION IF CLEAN AFPFL
WINS ELECTION.
U Nu
Nation. 24-11-60.
THE ABUSE OF RELIGION
FOR THE POLITICAL PURPOSES
IS FORBIDDEN.
Section 21-(4), Constitution of the

Union of Burma.
STATE RELIGION MAY LEAD
TO UNNECESSARY DIFFERENCES
Expression of ones belief, essence of democracy.
The present harmony in the country may be adversely affected
as a result of the adoption of a State Religion.

Haji U Raschid,
Minister of Mines & Labour,
Pyidaungsu Party Government.
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STATE RELIGION UNNECESSARY.

The Government's plan to make Buddhist the State Religion did
not have the approval of the League. It was not only undemocratic but
also likely to divide the National religious minorities. Simply making
Buddhism the State Religion would neither add to its promotion.
U Kyaw Nyein,
from-Nation, 25-1-61.
General Elections.=
STABLE'S VERSION OF CAUSE OF
CLEAN'S VICTORY.
"Abuse of Religion For Politics,
Misuse of U Nu's Portrait
On Ballot Boxes, Rebel Intimidation And
"Vote: Buying" Causes of Clean's Success"
(by our staff reporter)
In a statement issued yesterday
by the 'Stable' faction of the AFPFL, on recent elections, the
faction alleged that the 'Clean' triumph was due to malpractices
including abuse of religion in politics, undue use of U Nu's portait on
ballots boxes, rebel intimidation, and liberal use of money to buy votes.

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The statement which was issued "let to the people the truth,"
said that the 'Stable' faction believed in free and fair elections and had
tried it best for the holding of a free and fair elections.
However, the statement added, the 'Clean faction had resorted to
unfair means, firtly by abuses of religion. The faction had at the Kaba
aye Conference, declared to make Buddhism the State religion if the
'Clean' faction was returned to power. Abuse of religion in the furtherance of political ends was prohibited by the Constitution; and the 'Clean'
faction had attracted the support of the Sanghas and the Buddhists by
this religion issue, the statement added.
(Guardian, 14-2-60).
BAPTISTS OPPOSE MOVE
FOR STATE RELIGION.
(from our staff reporter)
The 92nd Annual Meeting of the Burma Baptist Convention held
at Myitkyina from October 7-9 expressed the fear that the basic human
rights guarnteed by the Constitution and enjoyed at present by
individual citizens might be lost by the non-Buddhists when Buddhism
was made the State Religion.
A resolution to this effect was adopted on October 8 by over
12,000 people drawn from fourteen communal groups within Burma
who attended he Convention.
The Convention endorsed the opposition made by the Burma
Christian Council to the proposal to make Buddhism or any one religion
as the State religion of the Union.

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The opposition was not prompted by any fear that Christians

might suffer undue oppression. Christians, as individual citizens of the
Union, were more concerned that designation Buddhism as the State
religion would adversely affect the cause of the Union and the solidarity
of the nation. By combining state affairs with religion the individual
liberty of Union citizens could be harmed. Religions and religions
practices were purely matters of conscience and they should not be
mixed up with politics, the Convention's statement suggested.
(From='Nation' 20-10-60)

WHAT STEPS TO PREVENT UNION

FALLING APART?
(from our staff reporter).
Ex-President Sao Shwe Thaik, Saopha of Yawnghwe, has given
notice of a question which he will ask in the Chamber of Nationalities
on the proposal of the Pyidaungsu Government to make Buddhism the
State Religion.
His question is in four parts and reads as follows:(a) Is the
Government aware that the appointment of a Commission to investigate
how best the decision to make Buddhism the State Religion should be
implemented has given rise to formation of opposition groups and that
there are signs in the country of relations between different communal
group becoming strained?
(b) If the Government is aware, will it take steps to see that such
undesirable signs disappear and that the provisions of Section 21(4) of
the Union Constitution are enforced?
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(Section 21(4) reads as follows: "The abuese of religion for

political purposes is forbidden: and any act which is intended; or is
likely to promote feelings of hatred, enmity or discord between racial
and religious communities or sects is contrary to this Constitution and
may be made punishable by law".)
(d) If the Government is aware, what steps, does it intend to
prevent Union falling apart?
Nation, 26-9-60

EXTRACTS FROM OUR CONSTITUTION

PREAMBLE.
We, The People of Burma including the Frontier areas and the
Karrenni States, Determined to establish in strength and unity a
Sovereign independent State, To maintain social order on the basic of
the eternal principles of Justice, Liberty And Equality and to guarantee
and secure to all citizens Justice social, economic and political; Liberty
of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship, vocation, association and
action; Equality of status, of opportunity and before the law, I Our
Constituent Assembly this Tenth day of Thadingyut waxing, 1309 B.E
(Twenty-fourth day of September, 1947 A.D)Do Hereby Adopt Enact
And Give to Ourselves This Constitution.

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RIGHTS OF EQUALITY
Section 13.
All citizens irrespective of birth, religion, sex or race are equal
before the law: there shall not be any arbilrary discrimination between
one citizens or class of citizens and another.
There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters
of public employment and in the exercise or carrying on of any
occupation trade, business or profession.
Section 21.
(1)The State recognises the special position of Buddhism as faith
professed by the great majority of the citizens of the Union.
(2)The State also recognises Islam, Chritianity, Hindunism and
Animism as some of the religious existing in the Union at the date of
the coming into operation of this Constitution.
(3)The State shall not impose any disabilities or make any discrimination the ground of religions(faith) and belief.
(4)The abuse of religion for political purposes is forbidden; and any act
which is intended or is likely to promote feelings of hatred, enmity or
discord between racial or religious communities or sects is coutrary to
this Constitution and may be made punishable by law.
Section 22.
No minority, religious, racial or linguistic, shall be discriminated against in regard to admission in to State educational institutions nor
shall any religious instruction be compulsorily imposed on it
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PROTESTANT CHURCHES CALL FOR

ADEQUATE CLASSIFICATIONS
WILL STATE RELIGION IMPOSE
DISABILITIES, INFERIORITY OF
CITIZENSHIP?
(from our staff reporter)
The Burma Christian Council, representing the Protestant
Churches and other related Christian bodies and organisations in the
Union of Burma, have been requested by the state Religion Advisory
Commission to express the views of the Council on the matter of
making Buddhism the State Religion of Burma. Christianity, being a
religion of life and love the Council after prayerfully deliberating on the
various aspects of the questionnaire of the Commission, nominated Dr.
Hla Thwin as its representative to appear before the Commission with a
mandate to submit the Council's views in the matter. The general views
of the Council are embodied in the statement below:General Statement of Views
In general, the Burma Christian Council is gravely concerned
with the intention of the Government to make Buddhism the State Religion of the Union. The Council honestly fears that such intention may
lead to a retrograde step against the enity of the peoples of the Union
who have lived in amity and happy harmony, enjoying the individual
fundamental rights and freedom guaranteed by the Constitution since
the founding of the Union.

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The Council, in the first instance, disires to reaserate its

considered view on the question of making Buddhism the State
Religion as expressed by its Chairman, Dr.Hla Bu, on March 12, 1957
to Prime Minister U Nu who was then the President of the undivided
AFPFL weherin it was clearly emphasised that the Council strongly
sfavouts the making of Buddhism or any other religion a State Religion
in the Union of Burma. The Council further considers that the aim of
the founders of the Union and the authors of the Burmese Consititution
ensured that each individual citizens should have an equal standing and
an equal share in all State interests and activities and that religion is a
matter of private individuals and religious bodies and not that of the
State.
As much as the Council appreciates the assurances given by the
Prime Minister and the Chairman of the advisory Commission to safeguard the religious freedom of non-Buddhists, the Council cannot help
but be apprehensive of the fact that these assurances are difficult to be
realities in actual practice. The Council further notes with deep anxiety
and concern that thought the Prime Minister gave public assurances to
non-Buddhists to safeguard their freedom of worship and to practise
their religion, adequate clarifications have not been given about safeguarding and upholding the fundamental rights and freedoms of those citizens who are not Buddhists as guaranteed by the existing Constitution,
such as guaranteeing against import any disabilities or making any
discrimination on the ground of religious faith or be lief. The Council's
apprehensions have been further increased by the implications of certain
questions in the questionnaires issued by the Commission on making
Buddhism as State Religion.
While the Council is extremely sympathetic with the Government's avowed objective in making Buddhism a State religion as a means
of encouraging Buddhism in the Union of Burma and thereby uplifting
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the religious and moral calibre of the people, the Council is firmly
convinced that the same objective of promoting Buddhism can be better
served and achieved by the efforts and on the responsibility of religious
bodies rather than by the State. The Council is deeply grieved because
the concept of a State Religion is diametrically opposed to the modern
democratic ideal of separation between religion and the State. The
Council fears that if the State takes over the responsibility of promoting
religion there is bound to be discriminations on grounds of religion,
irrevocably resuiting inequanity and discord, between the different
groups of citizens and which would be expressly and llagrantly
contarary to the spirit of the Constitution on the founding of the Union.
The Council cannot but over emphasise the necessity of promoting
understanding and concord on equal citizenship rights between the different groups of citizens in the Union who have all contributed their
share in the preservation of the sovereign independent status and solidarity of the Union in their various of service and for which understanding
and concord the Government is primarily and entirely responsible.
The Council, in conclusion, comends the efforts of the Prime
Minister in consulting the various religious groups in this graxe matter
of (
) of importance and sincerely hopes that since that the
making of Buddhism into a state religion as national issue due consideration may be given to views, feelings and aspirations of the nationals of
various other religions. The Council further expresses a prevent hope
that should the will of the majority opinion prevail over the minority
and Buddhism becomes the State Religion of Burma, the Government
will in all fairness and Justice to the citizens of various other religious
groups who are not Buddhists, but who are nevertheless citizens of the
Union of Burma, take adequate measures to ensure not only the
freedom to profess and practise their religion which obviously includes
the rights to minister or propagate the same, but also to safeguard the
other inherent fundamental rights and freedoms which are guaranteed to
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all citizens of the Union of Burma in Chapter II of the existing Constitut

ion.
Nation, 13-5-60.

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