Basic Mathematical Tools

for
Imaging and Visualization
Dr. Tobias Lasser
November 17th, 2011
http://campar.in.tum.de/Chair/TeachingWs11BasicMathTools
Computer Aided Medical Procedures (I-16)
Technische Universitt Mnchen
Basic Mathematical Tools for Imaging and Visualization - Tobias Lasser
So far...
0. Introduction
1. Linear Algebra
2
Basic Mathematical Tools for Imaging and Visualization - Tobias Lasser
Today
0. Introduction
1. Linear Algebra
2. Analysis
2.1. Metric spaces
2.2. Topology in metric spaces
2.3. Convergence and compactness
3
DeBnition: Metrlc.
Let be a set, tben a mapplng : R
+
0
ls calleo metric on , lt , ,
we bave
(, ) = 0 =
(, ) = (, )
(, ) (, ) + (, ).
Tbe palr (, ) ls tben calleo a metric space.
p = 1 p = 2
p = A =

1 0
0 2

For eample ln tbe case ot = 2:

M
x
B
r
(x)
U
Neighborhood
M
x
B
!
(x)
y
B
!
(y)
Hausdorff separation property
an open set boundary
a bounded set
DeBnition: 8ounoeo set.
Let (, ) be a metrlc space. A subset ls calleo bounded lt
sup
,
(, ) < .
Alternatlvely:
ls bounoeo > 0, sucb tbat

().
DeBnition: Compactness.
Let (, ) be a metrlc space. (, ) ls calleo compact, lt every sequence (

)
N

bas a convergent subsequence.
A subset ls calleo compact, lt every sequence (

)
N
bas a conver-
gent subsequence wltb a llmlt ln .

Let (, ) be a metrlc space, . Tben:

compact, closeo ln = compact,
compact = bounoeo ano closeo ln .
8olzano-Welerstra.
Consloer (R

) ano R

. Tben
compact bounoeo ano closeo ln R

.
Lqulvalence ot norms ln R

.
For every norm on R

m tbere elst
1
,
2
> 0 wltb

.
|n otber woros: For R

, propertles llke convergence, Caucby sequence, completeness,

open, closeo, bounoeo, compact, bounoary, lnterlor, closure oo not oepeno on tbe
norm lnouclng tbe metrlc! Tbls ls ln tact true tor any nlte olmenslonal normeo llnear
space!
Basic Mathematical Tools for Imaging and Visualization - Tobias Lasser
Table of Contents
0. Introduction
1. Linear Algebra
2. Analysis
2.1. Metric spaces
2.2. Topology in metric spaces
2.3. Convergence and compactness
!
next: Continuity, Differentiability
14
Thank you for your attention!