Relevant Antenna Characteristics For Xpol Antennas: Kathrein Features

1
Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

Kathrein Features
Relevant antenna characteristics
for Xpol antennas
Electrical and mechanical benefits
and designe criterias
of
KATHREIN antennas
2
Kathrein Features Increasing requirements
Antennas have to fulfill stringent specifications for the growing complexity of
modern networks regarding
-

adjustable electrical

downtilt

(specifically for UMTS / IMT 2000)
-

radiation pattern exactness (influenced by the squint-

and tracking performance)
-

cross polar ratio (dual polarization)
- isolation
-

intermodulation
-

mechanical performance
These characteristics have to meet the specifications
-

over the whole frequency range
-

over the whole temperature range and other environmental influences
-

over the whole range of adjustable downtilt
3
Kathrein Features Adjustable Electrical Downtilt
Readjustment during operation
Electrical adjustable downtilt
Outstanding technical advantage of electrical compared
to mechanical downtilt
(downtilt angle is constant over the whole azimuth range

/ reliable network planning)
Logistic benefit due to a reduction in the number of
antenna types in the network
Optical aspect : electrical downtilted antennas are
always positioned upright compact appearance
Option of remote controlled adjustable electrical downtilt
4
Kathreins sophisticated phase shifters
provide a continuous downtilt angle
adjustment (not in steps)
avoid any metal parts being shifted
across, but uses capacitively
coupling (no risk of intermodulation,
no limitation of lifetime)
ensure that the defined
specifications apply to the whole
downtilt range
The heart of antennas with adjustable electrical downtilt is the phase shifting
element
(1st generation)
5

= 0

= 0

= 0

= 0

= 0
Double phase shifter
connector
dipoles
6

= + 140

= + 70

= 0

= -

70

= -140
Double phase shifter
connector
dipoles
Longer path
shorter

path
7
Important electrical values for dual-polarised Base Station Antennas
Which values are the indicator for the electrical performance of antennas for
mobile communication beside the values given in the data sheets like VSWR,
F-t-B, IM, gain or decoupling?
Which values are also absolutely important for all Operators regarding the quality
and reliable performance of their network, like as coverage, diversity, signal
strength, avoiding of interference, avoiding of dropout-calls and defined hand-over-
scenarios?
Squint
Tracking
CrossPolarRatio
Specially Squint and Tracking are more or less related to each other and should not be seen as
independent performance values. But to show the basic designe criterias, we want to have a
look on both seperatly.
8
Kathrein Features High CPR
Cross polar ratio (+/- 45 polarization)
Cross polar ratio describes the correlation between two orthogonal

polarizations

measured in the farfield (accurate +/-

45)
Ratio between the co-polar and the cross-polar signal
(identical compared to opposite polarization)
CPR
orthogonal polarizations
high cross polar ratio
excellent diversity
performance
Excellent cross-polar ratio (CPR)
values for the complete sector,
performed by a complete new
dipole element (patent pending)
9
CrossPolarRatio (Competitor)
Not only the main
direction BUT also the
sector borders are
from great interest
regarding CPR!
The CPR-value at + /-
60 from the main
direction should not
be worst ~10dB!
10
CPR performance of a competitor
antenna
0
345
330
315
300
285
270
255
240
225
210
195
180
165
150
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
-30 -20 -10
dB
Polarization: - 45 Frequency: 2170.0 MHz
Co-Pol Cr-Pol (CC 21.0/ 33.3/ 4.5 dB)
0
345
330
315
300
285
270
255
240
225
210
195
180
165
150
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
-30 -20 -10
dB
Polarization: +45 Frequency: 2170.0 MHz
Co-Pol Cr-Pol (CC 7.7/ 31.7/ 26.6 dB)
CrossPolarRatio (Competitor)
11
Kathrein Features High CPR
recommended values: main direction >20 dB
sector +/-

60 degree >10 dB
Antenna 800 10304 : Xpol Panel 806-960 65 16.3 dBi 0- 10 T
Antenna 742 215 : Xpol Panel 1710-2170 65 18 dBi 0- 10 T
measured CPR values of Kathrein antennas :
DT -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Ti l t 0 14,6 18,1 20,8 22,6 23,5 23,6 23,1 22,0 20,4 18,7 16,8 15,0 13,4
Ti l t 2 14,4 18,1 21,4 23,7 24,5 24,2 23,3 21,8 20,0 17,9 15,8 13,9 12,1
Ti l t 4 13,9 17,8 21,3 24,1 25,3 24,9 23,5 21,6 19,6 17,4 15,2 13,1 11,2
Ti l t 6 11,7 15,1 18,2 20,8 22,7 23,0 22,0 20,3 18,4 16,3 14,1 12,1 10,3
Ti l t 8 12,4 15,3 17,3 19,1 20,7 22,1 22,8 21,9 19,9 17,5 15,5 13,8 12,8
Ti l t 10 11,0 13,4 15,2 17,0 18,9 20,7 21,9 21,3 19,4 17,1 15,1 13,6 12,7
DT -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Ti l t 0 23,4 23,1 21,8 21 21 21,3 22 23 24,7 27,1 28,9 26,1 21,2
Ti l t 2 19,8 22,9 23,3 22,6 22,4 22,4 22,5 22,8 23,3 23,7 24 23,7 22,2
Ti l t 4 17 21 23,5 23,7 23,5 23 22,5 22,1 21,7 21,3 21 20,8 20,8
Ti l t 6 15,4 19,4 22,9 24,3 24,2 23,4 22,5 21,5 20,7 19,9 19,4 19,2 19,3
Ti l t 8 14,3 18,2 22 24,4 24,6 23,6 22,2 20,9 19,7 18,8 18,1 17,7 17,7
Ti l t 10 11,5 15,1 19,2 24,1 28,4 26,4 22,7 19,6 17,3 15,4 13,8 12,5 11,6
12
Minimum tracking
Symmetry between the +45

and the -45

polarized horizontal pattern, measured at
+/-

60

from the direction orthogonal to the reflector screen, at same

frequency
and same downtilt angle
tracking compensation reduces
the difference to 2 dB
Kathrein Features Minimum Tracking
Antenna

742 215
2140 MHz / 8

DT
+ 45

pattern
-

45

pattern
13
Kathrein 800 10247 (X-Pol F-Panel 1710 - 2170MHz 15,5dBi 0-12 tilt)
800 10247
10 electrical tilt; 2140MHz; +45 / -45 pol
More or less NO difference neither at
main direction nor at sector borders!
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
330
300
<dB
0 -15 -30 -45 -60
Copyright Kathrein Werke KG
Polar-logarithmic
14
Kathrein antenna 742 351(X-Pol F-Panel 1710-2170MHz 33 21dBi 0-8 tilt)

- dB
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 10
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
330
300
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
%
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
330
300
<dB
0 -15 -30 -45 -60
2140 MHz; 8

electrical tilt; +45

/ -45

pol
Polar-linear
Polar-logarithmic
Not only our 65

X-Pol antennas are designed with regard to this high level specifications, but also our 33-

or 90-antennas!
15
Tracking (Competitor)
Difference ~ 6dB
Difference ~ 8dB
16
Minimum Squint
Deviation of the main direction of the horizontal pattern compared to the direction
orthogonal to the reflector screen, measured over the frequency range
Definition of main direction :
bisector of the angle
between the -3 dB
points of the pattern
Kathrein value :
+/-

5% of half power
beam width
Kathrein Features Minimum Squint
Antenna

742 215
1710 MHz / 0DT / -45
2110 MHz / 0DT / -45
17
Kathrein antenna 742 215 (X-Pol F-Panel 1710 - 2000MHz 18dBi 0-10T)

- dB
20
25
1 2 3 4 5 6 10
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
330
300
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
%
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
330
300
<dB
0 -15 -30 -45 -60
Polar-linear
Polar-logarithmic
1750MHz / 2140MHz -45 10 electrical tilt
18
Squint performance of a competitor
0
345
330
315
300
285
270
255
240
225
210
195
180
165
150
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
-30 -20 -10
dB
Co-Pol Cr-Pol (CC 12.7/ 32.0/ 18.1 dB)
10 electrical tilt; horizontal HPBW ~ 65; main direction ~ 0
0
345
330
315
300
285
270
255
240
225
210
195
180
165
150
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
-30 -20 -10
dB
Co-Pol Cr-Pol (CC 7.7/ 31.7/ 26.6 dB)
10 electrical tilt; horizontal HPBW ~ 61; main direction ~ -9
19
Summarized performance of an competitor
0
345
330
315
300
285
270
255
240
225
210
195
180
165
150
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
-30 -20 -10
dB
Co-Pol Cr-Pol (CC 20.0/ 22.3/ 4.4 dB)
0
345
330
315
300
285
270
255
240
225
210
195
180
165
150
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
-30 -20 -10
dB
Polarization: - 45 Frequency: 947.0 MHz
Co-Pol Cr-Pol (CC 7.0/ 20.3/ 17.0 dB)
7 dB
11 dB
CPR: 4,4dB / 7.0dB Tracking: 4dB (7dB 11dB) / 4dB (12dB 8dB) Squint-deviation at the same frequency:

18
8 dB
12 dB
20
High isolation
required because both terminations of a

Xpol

antenna
are used for Rx and Tx
Kathrein Features High isolation
-45

+45
Isolation
(Decoupling)
Due to patented decoupling elements Kathrein antennas
provide an isolation of > 30 dB between
-

the different polarizations
-

the frequency bands
Examples :
742 212

(1710-2170 MHz / variable downtilt)
739 638

( 824-960 MHz / variable downtilt)
21
Kathrein Features High isolation
Xpol antennas (one per sector) can be mounted around a mast under minimum
spacing; isolation for any port combination better 30 dB !
Specific 3-unit clamp

available
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Isolation [dB]
872 960 MHz
Isolation [dB]
1710 1880 MHz
+45 / 900 MHz 47 NA
- 45 / 900 MHz 50 NA
+45 / 1800 MHz >50 >50
+45 / 900 MHz
- 45 / 1800 MHz >50 >50
+45 / 900 MHz 50 NA
- 45 / 900 MHz 47 NA
+45 / 1800 MHz >50 >50
- 45 / 900 MHz
- 45 / 1800 MHz >50 >50
+45 / 900 MHz >50 >50
- 45 / 900 MHz >50 >50
+45 / 1800 MHz NA 44
+45 / 1800 MHz
- 45 / 1800 MHz NA 43
+45 / 900 MHz >50 >50
- 45 / 900 MHz >50 >50
+45 / 1800 MHz NA 44
- 45 / 1800 MHz
- 45 / 1800 MHz NA 43
Dualband antennas

(4 ports)
N/A not applicable
22
Low intermodulation products
> -150 dBc for 3rd order products at 2 x 20 W (43 dBm)
Kathrein Features Low intermodulation
research on intermodulation
since more than 15 years
100 % final test during
production for all GSM and
UMTS -

Single-

Dual-

or
Triple-Band-

Base Station
Antennas
24
Constant electrical performance under environmental conditions
Kathrein Features Environment
Kathrein antennas :
Sun, rain, snow, ice do not
significantly effect the
electrical parameters
Not every other
manufacturer develops like
Kathrein
26
Excellent mechanical performance
Closed construction

:
completely closed radome made of
an extruded fiberglass profile
separated electrical and mechanical
components
reduced sealing procedure by top
and bottom caps
Kathrein Features Mechanical performance
Other

construction

:
aluminum body and fiberglass half radome have very similar temperature
coefficients (no cracks due to temperature changes)
27
Reliability
extensive environmental tests
according ETS 300 019-2-4 regarding
vibration shock, temperature a.s.o. on
our own premises during the
development process
Kathrein Features Reliability
recorded failure rate in the field below 0,05% of produced units
Long service life
Extensive final tests during production (VSWR,isolation, intermodulation)
Only if the antennas passes the final test to 100% the system will store the serial
number!
28
Special test procedure for Train antennas
With

this

unique

test procedure

we

investigate

the

influence

of a heavy

hail

storm

on our

antennas

for

high
speed

train.
Hailstone

2cm / Speed

400km/h (250mph) / Kinetically

energy

23,5 Joule / Exerted

force
1060N

Relevant Antenna Characteristics For Xpol Antennas: Kathrein Features

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Relevant Antenna Characteristics For Xpol Antennas: Kathrein Features

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

1

Kathrein MS Lautner 06-08

You might also like