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การกำจัดเหล็กและแมงกานีส
การกำจัดเหล็กและแมงกานีส
/
(Iron and Managanese)
0.3 ./. 0.05 ./.
1
2:1 20:1
(Anaerobic)
Reduction
FeCO3
MnCO3 ()
g
FeCO3+ CO2+ H2O Fe (HCO3 )2
............(1)
............(2)
oxidation
4Fe (HCO 3)2+ 2O2 + H2O 4Fe (OH)3 + 8CO2
...........(3)
...........(4)
Mn(HCO3)2 Mn +2 +2HCO -3
...........(5)
Mn +2 +1O2+ H2O
2
MnO2 + 2H+
...........(6)
MnO2
Fe (OH)3 Fe2 O3
1./
1 Oxygenation of Fe+2
2 Removal of Mn+2
21
(3) Fe+2 224 (4 x 56) O2 32 ( 2) O
Fe+2 7.0
(6) Mn+2 55 O2 16 O2 1
Mn+2
3.5
pH 1 2
pH
1 2
1.1 (Forced Air/Draft Aeration)
Packed Tower Packing Media
(Wood Slate)
(Forced Air)
(draft)
3
60
1 Maximun Iron and Managanese Concentration for Industrial and Commerical Uses
Packed Tower
Packed Tower
5 - 15 (Hydraulic Loading Rate)
5 - 24 .3/.2 . 1:15 1:30
0.02 - 0.05%
(Surface Overflow Rate) 2.4 .3/.2 .
5 -12 .3/.2 . ES
1.2 - 1.5 .. UC 1.1 - 1.3
.
10 3/. 3.5 ./. 0.7 ./.
Packed Tower
pH
Packed Tower
1.
= 12.0 3/2 .
= 10/12 = 0.83 2
= 1.03 .
.2 Packed Tower
= 10
= 10 x 1 = 0.20 ./
0.83 60
Packing media = 0.20x10 = 2.0 .
.3
= 3.5 ./. = 3.5 /3 x 10 3/ = 35 ./.
1 . = 7 .
= 35/7 = 5 ./.
= 0.7 ./. = 0.7 /3 x10 3/ = 7 ./.
1 . 3.5 .
= 7/3.5 = 2 ./.
= 7+2 = 9 ./.
2 = 9x2 = 18 ./.
21 %
= 85.7 x 100/0.05 = 171,400 ./.
= 1203 ./.3
= 171,400/1203 = 140 .3/.
packed tower 1.03 . packing media 2.0 .
140 .3/.
(Natural Draft Aeration)
1.2
packing media
(Tray)
coke 50
(Diffuser )
1 - 2 %
(Fine Buddle Diffuser) 15 %
( 1 - 3 )
10 - 15 60
...........(7)
P =
,
W = , ./
R = gas constant , 8.314
T 1 =
, = (273+C) K
P 1 =
= 1 atmosphere = 10.33 H2O
P2 =
= P 1 + +
E =
, 70 - 80 %
Diffused aeration
.
.
.
.1
= 10
=
60
10
x 10 = 1.67
= 85.7 x 100/0.05 = 17,140 ./.
= 1,203 ./3
= 17,140 / 1,203 =14.3 3/.
. 1.40
1.0
25 C
70%
.1
= 17,140 x
1,000 60 60
1 x1
= 0.00476 ./
.2 (6 - 7)
p = 0.102
2.
Oxidation - Reduction (Redox) (Precipitation)
1-2 ./.
2 (KMnO4 - )
2.1
2
(NaOCI)
-
.............(10)
158
168 (0.94: 1)
3Mn+2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O 5MnO4 + 2K+ + 4H+ ..............(11)
316
165 (1.92:1)
pH 7.0 Alkalinity
15-30
1.1
10 3/.
= 6 x 10 3 = 60 ./.
3 .
= 2 x 10 3 = 20 ./.
3 .
.1
(8) 0.63
1
3.
3.1 (Manganese Zeolite Manganese Greensand)
(Green Sand) Manganous Sulfate (MnSO4 )
Manganic Oxide (Mn2O3 )
Fe (OH )3 MnO2
(H2S)
Oxidzed Sulfur
Sulfate
Fe (OH )3 MnO2
(Regeneration)
Mn2O3
(Intermittent)
(Continuous )
1- 2
./.
3.1.1
Manganese Greensand
1.36 ./.
2.4
Effective Size (ES) 0.3 - 0.35 ..
Uniformity Coefficient (UC) ~1.60
(Capacity) 1336 ./. KMnO4
3.1.2
Manganese Greensand
pH 6.2 - 8.8
Greensand 0.75 - 0.90
12 - 24 3/2 .
30 - 35 3/2 .
10 - 15
KMnO4 Regeneration 2.1 - 4.0 ./. Greensand
KMnO4 2.0 - 0.5 %
30 - 40
KMnO4
dual media Greensand 0.5 - 0.6
0.4
3.1.3 Greensand
KMnO4 = 1.0 ./. Fe + 2.0 x ./. Mn+5.0 x ./. H2S ..............(12)
.1 Greensand
= 10 x 12 = 120 3/ = 120,000 /
(12)
= 10/7.3 = 1.37 2
= 1.30 2
= x 1.3 2 = 1.33 2
4
= 794/30 = 26.5 /
.5
= 35 3/2 .
= 46.5 x 15/60 = 11.6 3
(
= 120 - 11.6 =
108.4 3 Cycle )
1.3 1.4 Greensand 992 KMnO4
3.97 . 12
3.2 (Ion Exchange Resin)
()
Fe (HCO3 )2 Mn (HCO3 )2
Fe+2 Mn +2
Na+
Fe (HO )3 MnO2