4.

Hard disk drives-HDD

zoran.banjac@viser.edu.rs

-

Hard disk drives-HDD

HDD-

o Flopy disk, CD, DVD, ,...

:
o , .

(nonvolatile), j .

,
20 .
o ,

04_HDD

 HDD
:
"" ,
HDD.

(, , ,...)
:
...
:

,
.
HDD, .

04_HDD

 HDD
HDD
:
o HDD.

o HDD

.
o
.

04_HDD

 HDD

(Platters)
(l, Mg, ) , hard
drive. .
o (~10000 rpm)
o .

(spindle) .

(Read/Write Heads) /
/ .
o .
o .

04_HDD

 HDD

(Actuator arms)

.

HDD
.

04_HDD

a HDD-

HDD

(CPU)

04_HDD

 HDD

04_HDD

 (plater)

Al Mg.

.
o

, .
o ( Al).
o .

04_HDD

 (plater)

HDD.
PC 5.25"
3.5".
o 5.25" 5.12" (),

3.5" 3.74";

. e: 2.5"
1.8" 1.0".

04_HDD

10

 (plater)

o
o
o
o
o

.

.
. .
.
.

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11


1 5, .
, .

.
o . .
o
.

.
o ?

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12

( )
.
""
(?)

.

() .

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13

 (plater)

(Track) .
0 ( ).

(Sector)
(512 + ).
o .

(Cluster, allocation units )

.
o BIOS-a.
(Cylinder)
HDD.

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14

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15


512 .
(ID): ,
.
.

.
.

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16

 HDD

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17

.
o

().

,
, .

,


( )

04_HDD

18

.


/.

HDD-a.

04_HDD

19

.
:
. [1/inch]
:
[bit/inch].
o ,

=
*
[bit/inch2]

04_HDD

20


()



.

- Multiple Zone
Recording

04_HDD

21


(17)

.
:
o

o

o

.

04_HDD

22

o .
o .

o ()

: .
:
/.
: ,
, , ..

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23

,
()
.

.
.

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24

Fe

/
""
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25

 HDD

~m

Al

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26

.
o
o
o
o
o

.
.
.
, .
.

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27

(R, GMR, CMR,...)

(magnetoresistance)
.

.
o

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28

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29

 "

-

o 50-100 /

0
o

1
o

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30

 (seek time)

:
o (arm actuator)
o ()

:
o
(Arm)

o
(long seeks)

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31

 HDD

: ,
:

o (spindle)
o
o
o
o ...

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32

 HDD

:
o
o
o ECC
o
o CPU
o (Buffer)
o CPU
o ...

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33

HDD, SCSI, ATA, .

o .
o / HDD

ECC rror corecting code/circuits

o ECC ,

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34

o ,
, .

CPU ( HDD)
o DSP HDD

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35

 ()
o

o 8-32 MB
o CPU
CPU ( HDD)
o ROM, SRAM, Flash, DRAM
()

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36

 HDD

:

o
o , CPU

: HDD
,
()
o , CPU

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37


HDD
( )
( ,
)

o ,
o
o

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38

HDD :
o IDE (integrated drive electronics)
ATA (AT Attachment) .
.
o SCSI (small computer system interface)

HDD
.

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39

IDE (integrated drive electronics)

IDE/ HDD, , CD,

DVD,....
:

o /PATA (Parallel ATA) .

PATA 40/80 HDD
16
.
o SATA (Serial ATA)

- ,

.
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40

IDE/

HDD



4 ()
o Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary.
o ,
.

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41

Single/Master/Slave/CS

(HDD, CD,...)

o
o
o
o

Master
Slave
Single
Cable Selected CS

jumper-a

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42

Single/Master/Slave/CS
,
Master Slave ,
boot ,
(C: D: ...)
:

o Master Slave
o CS (80

40)

:
o Master/ CS/Single

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43

ATA

o 40 ( 40 )
o 80 ( 40 )

"female"
( ~45cm)
40

o
o

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44

ATA
40
(66Mb/s)
80 ,

o 40 (GND)
o 3

:
:Slave
: Master

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45

ATA

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46

ATA 40-,
.

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47

ATA -

IDE/ATA
(16)


CRC 80
(Ultra DMA).



.

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Serial ATA - SATA

16x

,


o Master/Slave...

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49

Serial ATA - SATA

~Gb/s
o 8!

7
o
o
o

o 2 Rx Tx, 3

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Serial ATA - SATA

PATA

SATA bridge

eSATA

eSATA Port

o External SATA
o SATA

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Parallel : Serial

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SATA

15 SATA

SATA

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53

SCSI


(PCI ),

e (HDD,
CD,...)

o (, )
o SCSI

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54

SCSI

SCSI 2
o SCSI
o SCSI
SCSI
(7/15)
SCSI , ,
(SCSI ID).
o 0 7 0 15
o ID

()

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55

SCSI

SCSI
SCSI
SCSI
.
o

SCSI HDD ATA

o
o
o
o

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56

PC
.
o

HD "",
.
o HD

.
o Redundant Array of Independant (Inexpensive)
Disks (RAID) .

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57

RAID

Redundant Array of Indepedant Disks

o
o ()

RAID
(RAID )
RAID0, RAID1
RAID5.

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58

RAID
RAID
o
o
o

IDE/ATA, SATA, SCSI, SSA
Fibre Channel .

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59

 RAID ,

,
.


,

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 RAID

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61

 RAID

RAID .

RAID.
:
UNIX, Linux, Mac OS,Win XP, Vista, Win7,...
,

.
,
.

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62

 RAID

RAID PCI/ PCI

express
.
, BIOS-
,
, BIOS RAID
.



BIOS
RAID
BIOS-a.

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63

RAID
():

RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID
RAID

04_HDD

level
level
level
level
level
level
level
level
level
level

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
10
53
0+1

64

RAID 0 (Striping)
2



( ,
)

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65

RAID 0
RAID

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66

RAID 1 (Mirroring/Duplexing)

(
)

,
RAID 0

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67

RAID 1 (Mirroring)

RAID

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68

RAID 1 (Duplexing)


mirroringa.

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69

RAID 2

aa
Hamming

.
SCSI

.

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70

RAID 3

,
.
,
RAID 4.
( )

.
H /

.

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RAID 3

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RAID 3

XOR
(eXclusive OR)

XOR:
o 01012 XOR 00112 = 01102
o ????2 XOR 00112 = 01102,
o 00112 XOR 01102 = ????2 = 01012
o XOR

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RAID 4

.

(
)
: .
:
,
.
3 .
.

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RAID 5

RAID-a .
RAID 4 ,
.
RAID 5
.
,
.

.
.

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RAID 5

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 HDD

T
o - RPM
o - Seek time
o

o ( )
o (, , )
Disk power =~ ( )*(RPM)2.8()4.6
o Idle/Standby ( )
o
o

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, ...

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