MC LC

Trang CHNG I: LCH S PHT TRIN CA MN TAEKWONDO TRN TH GII V VIT NAM .....................................2 I. Lch s pht trin ca mn Taekwondo trong thi k c i ........................2 II. Lch s pht trin ca mn Taekwondo trong thi k trung c ...................3 III. Lch s pht trin ca mn Taekwondo trong thi hin i ........................3 IV. S pht trin ca mn Taekwondo trong giai on hin nay ......................4 V. Lch s pht trin ca mn Taekwondo Vit Nam ...................................5 CHNG II: K THUT C BN .............................................................8 I. Mc tiu tn cng ...........................................................................................8 II. V kh tn cng ca c th .........................................................................10 III. Tn (Seogi) ................................................................................................23 IV. K thut phng th (Makki) ......................................................................33 V. K thut tn cng (Kongkyok Kisul) .........................................................44 CHNG III: QUYN (POOMSE) ...........................................................64 I. Ngun gc, khi nim v phng php luyn tp cc bi quyn trong mn v Taekwondo ............................................................................64 II. Mt s bi quyn c bn .............................................................................65 2.1 Thi cc Kin cung quyn (Taegeuk 1 Jang) ............................................65 2.2 Thi cc oi cung quyn (Taegeuk 2 Jang) ............................................69 2.3 Thi cc Ly cung quyn (Taegeuk 3 Jang) ...............................................72 CHNG IV: I LUYN ........................................................................77 I. Nht th i luyn (Trung ng): Hanbeon kyorugi (Momtong) ................77 II. Nht th i luyn (Thng ng): Hanbeon kyorugi (Olgul) ...................82 CHNG V: MT S IU LUT THI U TAEKWONDO ...........84 TI LIU THAM KHO..............................................................................90

CHNG I

LCH S PHT TRIN CA MN TAEKWONDO TRN TH GII V VIT NAM

Lch s pht trin ca mn Taekwondo c th c chia ra lm 4 giai on l: thi k c i, thi k trung c, thi k hin i v s pht trin ca mn Taekwondo trong giai on hin nay. I. LCH S PHT TRIN CA MN TAEKWONDO TRONG THI K C I: Loi ngi khi mi sinh ra mang trong mnh bn nng sinh tn duy tr ni ging v cuc sng ca bn thn mnh v v vy d v tnh hay hu th iu ny thc y loi ngi hng ti hot ng th cht trong sut cuc i ca mnh. Mt thc t r rng l d bt c u v trong bt c thi im no th con ngi vn khng th thc hin c nhng cng vic hng ngy nu thiu cc hot ng th cht v hot ng ny gip con ngi khng ngng trng thnh, pht trin v hon thin. Trong thi k c i, con ngi khng c mt phng tin no khc ngoi hai bn tay v sc mnh th cht t bo v bn thn mnh v v vy mt cch rt t nhin h sng to ra nhng k thut chin u bng tay. Khi hai bn tay tr thnh mt phng tin tn cng v phng th th con ngi tip tc cng c, hon thin h thng k thut ny tng cng sc mnh th cht v mang ra trnh din ti cc cuc thi u cc b lc. Vo thi k s khai trn bn o Triu Tin c ba b lc cng tn ti, pht trin v cc b lc ny u t chc cc cuc thi u v thut gia cc v s khi bt u bc vo mt v ma mi. Vo thi im ny, thng qua thc tin chin u chng li loi c th v qu trnh h thng, phn tch cc ming nh v th th ca cc con vt ny, con ngi sng to ra nhng k thut chin u c sc v ngi ta cho rng nhng k thut chin u ny l nn tng c bn ca mn v Taekwondo ngy nay, mn v m tn gi ca n c hnh thnh t cc t Subak, Taekkyon v Takkyon. Vo cui thi k c i, ba triu i l Koguryo, Paekje v Silla c hnh thnh trn bn o Triu Tin v k t cc cuc chin tranh tranh ginh quyn lc lin tip xy ra. C ba triu i ny u c gng tng cng sc mnh quc gia bng cch o to nn nhng chin binh qu cm, tih thng v ngh v v vy lch s Triu Tin gi thi i ny l thi k qun quyn vi a s cc nh lnh o ni ting ca cc triu i l cc qun nhn. iu ny dn ti kt qu l cc chin binh tr c tp hp li thnh cc lc lng nh Hwarangdo trong triu i Silla v Chouisonin trong triu di Koguryo v i vi h vic rn luyn v thut l mt trong cc ni dung hun luyn ch yu. Mt cun sch v thut ni ting thi vit: Ngh thut chin u i khng l nn tng c bn ca v thut ng thi v mc ch ch yu ca n l gip ngi tp tng cng sc mnh ca bn thn mnh thng qua vic s dng hiu qu cc k thut n tay v n chn, ng thi thng qua qu trnh hun luyn mt cch 2

c h thng gip ngi tp c th d dng ng bin v i ph vi cc tnh hung nguy him xy ra trong cuc sng. Trn thc t iu ny li hon ton ph hp vi cc tiu ch v mc ch hun luyn ca mn v Taekwondo v v vy c th ni rng: Taekwondo c bt ngun t cc b lc trn bn o Triu Tin. II. LCH S PHT TRIN CA MN TAEKWONDO TRONG THI TRUNG C : Tip ni truyn thng ca triu i Silla, triu i Koryo tin hnh ti hp nht bn o Triu Tin v tn ti, pht trin sut t nm 918 sau cng nguyn cho n tn nm 1392. Di triu i ny mn v Taekkyon c pht trin mt cch c h thng v tr thnh mt ni dung kim tra bt buc tuyn chn cc chin binh. Trong giai on ny Taekkyon tr thnh mt v kh t v hiu qu v c th trong nhy mt cp i mng sng ca mt con ngi. Trong qun i mt h thng cc bi tp chung c thit lp gip cc chin binh c th d dng ng dng trong thc t chin u vi tn gi l 5 bi tp Taekkyon dnh cho qun nhn (Obyong Subak Hui). Trong giai on u ca triu i Koryo trnh v thut l yu t c bn nht la chn cc qun nhn do nh vua mun tng cng sc mnh phng th ca quc gia sau khi ti hp nht bn o Triu Tin. Trong s cc binh s, ngi no c trnh Taekkyon cao hn s c bt lm ch huy v v vy cc chng trai tr n nc tham gia vo cc trn thi u Taekkyon, ni m cc k nng c th s bin h tr thnh cc s quan. Cng trong thi im ny xut hin cc trng ti trong cc trn thi u Taekkyon v iu ny chng t rng mn th thao Taekwondo c hnh thnh trong giai on ny. Cc nh s hc ca triu i Koryo ghi li rng: Ti bui trnh din v sc mnh cng ph ca mn v Taekkyon, v s Lee Yi Min s dng bn tay phi m mt ct nh v lm lung lay cc ct khc. Ngay sau mt v s khc cng s dng bn tay ca mnh m xuyn qua mt bc tng dy bng t st. Do nh vua t ra c bit thch th i vi cc trn u Taekkyon, cho nn cc trn thi u ny thng xuyn c t chc bt c ni no nh vua c mt khi thc hin chuyn tun du ca mnh v iu ny gip cho mn Taekkyon c truyn b su rng trong qung i dn chng. Tuy nhin vo cui triu i Koryo vic pht minh ra thuc sng v cc v kh cm tay tin li lm cho ngi ta t quan tm hn n vic luyn tp v thut. Song mn v Taekkyon vn c lu truyn nh l mt mn th thao thi u trong dn gian v vn tip tc c truyn b, pht trin trong triu i Chosun. III. LCH S PHT TRIN CA MN TAEKWONDO TRONG THI HIN I: Lch s hin i ca Triu Tin c nh du bng s hnh thnh v pht trin ca triu i Chosun (hay cn gi l Yi t nm 1392 n nm 1910). Trong sut thi k thng tr ca phong kin Triu Tin v thi k h ca pht xt Nht ko di ti tn nm 1945 th mn v Taekwondo thng c gi l Subakhui thay cho tn gi 3

 Taekkyon v n mt i s ng h ca chnh quyn trung ng bi v h thng phng th quc gia c trang b cc v kh ti tn hn. Do triu i Chosun c hnh thnh da trn h t tng ca o Khng, cho nn n bi b nhng nghi l ca o Pht v coi trng vn ha, ngh thut hn l v thut. Tuy nhin s sch trong triu i Koryo vn ghi li cc cu chuyn v cc trn u Subakhui c cc chnh quyn a phng t chc tuyn lnh hoc phc v cho cc nhu cu ca nh vua v cc l hi ln ca quc gia. Mn v ny vn c mt vai tr trong h thng quc phng v cc binh s s c php gia nhp cc trng o to s quan nu h ginh c chin thng trong ba trn thi u Subakhui. Tuy nhin, khi chnh quyn c cng c, cc quan chc li t ra quan tm nhiu hn ti cc loi v kh tn cng thay v phi ch ti kh nng phng th ca mnh v v vy vic luyn tp v ngh ngy cng b xao nhng. Ch n nm 1592, sau tht bi nhc nh trc cuc xm lng ca Nht Bn th cc quan chc ca triu i Jungjo mi bt u tin hnh khi phc li sc mnh phng th ca quc gia bng vic tng cng hun luyn v qun s v v thut. Cng trong thi im ny cun sch v thut ni ting Muyedobo-tongji c xut bn vi tp 4 mang ta H thng k thut n tay bao gm 38 ng tc c bn c thc hin tng t nh mt s bi quyn v k thut c bn ca mn Taekwondo ngy nay. Trong thi k h ca pht xt Nht, mt s nh vn ni ting ca Triu Tin nh: Shin Chae Ho v Choi Nam Sun cp ti vic luyn tp mn v Taekwondo nh sau: Mn Subakhui ang c truyn b ti Seoul hin nay chnh l mn v c cc chin binh luyn tp t thi Koguryo Ngy xa n c coi trng v c luyn tp nh l mt mn v thut th gi y n ch l mt tr chi hp dn ca tr em. Tuy vy chnh quyn h Nht Bn cng ngn cm c vic thc hin tr chi ny nhm n p v bp tinh thn qut khi ca nhn dn Triu Tin. Bt chp s e da ca pht xt Nht, cc v s vn b mt truyn b mn v Taekkyondo (Taekwondo) cho ti tn ngy Triu Tin ginh c c lp vo nm 1945. Mt trong s cc v s ny l ng Song Duk Ki, hc tr ca v s ni ting Im Ho ngi c bit n vi cc k nng tuyt nh ca mnh Nhy bay qua tng cao v chy xuyn qua hng ro gm gio. Vo thi im ny 14 k thut c bn c a vo s dng bao gm: 5 n c bn, 4 n tay, 3 n bng gt chn, 1 n quay sau v 1 n qut. Thut ng Poom cng c a vo s dng ch t th chun b mt i mt trc khi bc vo thi u. Tuy nhin cc v s trong giai on ny lun phi i mt vi nguy c l s b chnh quyn h Nht Bn bt giam v iu ny km hm s pht trin v lm suy yu mn v Taekkyondo (Taekwondo). IV. S PHT TRIN CA MN TAEKWONDO TRONG GIAI ON HIN NAY: Vo cui th k 19, qun i Hn Quc suy yu, ngi Nht h t nc. S p bc ca quc Nht i vi dn Hn Quc rt h khc v vic tp luyn v thut c xem ngun gc ca s ni lon b cm on. Sau khi ginh c c lp t tay ca pht xt Nht vo nm 1945, nhn dn Triu Tin bt u khi phc li tinh thn t cng v li tip tc truyn b, hon thin mn v thut truyn thng ca mnh. V 4

Ngay lp tc cc v s ua nhau m cc l hun luyn Taekwondo trn khp t nc v sau khi cuc chin tranh Triu Tin (1950 1953) kt thc, s lng cc v s t ng cp ai en tr nn rt nhiu. Cng vo thi im ny khong 2.000 v s Taekwondo ng cp cao c c ti hn 100 nc gip cc quc gia ny pht trin mn v Taekwondo. Vo thng 9/1961, Hi Taekwondo Hn Quc c thnh lp. Thng 10/ 1963, Taekwondo tr thnh mn thi u chnh thc ln u tin ti i hi Th Thao Quc Gia. Vo nhng 1960, hun luyn vin Hn quc bt u ra nc ngoi ph bin Taekwondo. y l bc ngot trong lch s pht trin ca mn v ny. Nm 1971 Taekwondo c cng nhn l mn th thao thi u quc gia v nm 1972 tr s Kukkiwon c khi cng tin hnh xy dng. Mt nm sau vo ngy 28 thng 05 nm 1973 Lin on Taekwondo Th gii c thnh lp. Cng trong nm ny Gii v ch Taekwondo Th gii ln u tin c t chc v t tr i Gii c nh k t chc 2 nm 1 ln. Nm 1974 ln u tin Taekwondo c a vo thi u chnh thc ti i hi th thao Chu . Nm 1975 Taekwondo c Hip hi in kinh nghip d M (AAU) v Tng Hip hi cc Lin on Th thao Quc t (GAISF) cng nhn l mn Th thao thi u chnh thc v mt nm sau n cng c y ban Th thao Qun i Quc t (CISM) cng nhn. Nm 1979 Ch tch ca Lin on Taekwondo Th gii (WTF) c bu l Ch tch ca cc Lin on Th thao phi Olympic. Nm 1980 Lin on Taekwondo Th gii (WTF) c y ban Olympic Quc t (IOC) cng nhn v iu ny bin Taekwondo tr thnh mn Th thao Olympic. Sau Taekwondo cn c a vo thi u chnh thc ti Cp Th gii nm 1981, i hi Th thao ton Phi nm 1986 Hin nay Lin on Taekwondo Th gii c 166 quc gia thnh vin ton th gii, vi khong 50.000.0000 ngi tp luyn. Taekwondo c cng nhn l mn thi u ginh huy chng ti Th vn hi Olympic Sydney 2000 v 2004. V. LCH S PHT TRIN CA MN TAEKWONDO VIT NAM: Nm 1962 Taekwondo chnh chc c du nhp vo min Nam nc ta bt u bng cc chuyn lu din ca cc on Taekwondo Triu Tin v vic m cc lp ging dy chnh thc ti Si Gn do thy Kim Boang Son m nhim. Kha hc o to hun luyn vin Taekwondo u tin cho ngi Vit Nam c t chc ti Trng V thut Th c vi s tham gia ca 63 v sinh do v s Nam Tac Hi (Huyn ai nht ng) ph trch. Sau , theo k hoch cc kha 2, 3 cng c tip tc t chc v lc ny con s hun luyn vin c o to ra ln ti vi trm ngi. Sau khi tt nghip, nhng hun luyn vin ny tr v li a phng ca mnh m lp hun luyn v do tnh qun chng, tnh khoa hc cao ca mn v, ng thi do yu cu, iu kin t chc mt lp hc kh n gin cho nn b mn ny pht trin mt cch nhanh chng v su rng trong qung i qun chng, c bit l tng lp thanh thiu nin v hc sinh. 5

Gii v ch Taekwondo Nam k ln th nht c t chc vo nm 1965 thu c thnh cng rc r v iu ny dn ti vic nh k t chc cc gii v ch v cc gii thi u Taekwondo ln min Nam Vit Nam. Nm 1966 Tng cuc Thi cc o min Nam c thnh lp ch o v nh hng cho s pht trin ca phong tro Taekwondo Vit Nam. Bn cnh nhng chc nng hot ng ch yu Tng cuc cn phi m nhn vic t chc cc k thi chuyn cp, ln ai cho cc hun luyn vin v cc mn sinh, cng vic m trc y u do cc Hi ng gim kho vi thnh phn l cc v s Hn Quc m nhim. Ch sau 5 nm hot ng (n nm 1968) s ngi tham gia tp luyn Taekwondo ln n hn 108.000 ngi, tng gn gp 2.000 ln v trong giai on ny cng tc o to, hun luyn c thc hin song song c trong 3 h thng l: Qun i, trng hc v cc v ng t nhn. iu ny dn n kt qu l ngay trong ln u tin ra qun tham d gii V ch Taekwondo Chu ti Hng Kng nm 1969, on tuyn th Taekwondo min Nam Vit Nam ot 7 huy chng vng, 2 huy chng bc v 3 huy chng ng. Khi min Nam c gii phng, t quc c thng nht, th dc th thao ni chung v mn v Taekwondo ni ring c iu kin thun li pht trin mnh m c v b rng ln chiu su. Nm 1977 c s ng ca S TDTT Thnh ph H Ch Minh, mt chng trnh biu din, gii thiu v mn v Taekwondo c t chc ti nh thi u Phan nh Phng v n tao ra c mt n tng c bit i vi lnh o Ngnh v khn gi hm m. Nm 1988, Taekwondo bt u c truyn b H Ni v S TDTT H Ni nhanh chng trin khai k hoch o to v pht trin i ng hun luyn vin, ng thi m rng mng li cc cu lc b tuyn chn nhng vn ng vin c nng khiu vo i tuyn Taekwondo H Ni. Sau hn mt nm hot ng, vo thng 11 nm 1989 nhn li mi ca S TDTT Thnh ph H Ch Minh, on Taekwondo H Ni vo Thnh ph H Ch Minh tham d gii Taekwondo Thnh ph H Ch Minh m rng 1989. Vo thi im ny c nc c hn 20 n v, tnh, thnh c phong tro tp luyn mn v Taekwondo v cng trong nm ny (1989) c s y nhim ca Tng cc Th dc Th thao, S TDTT Thnh ph H Ch Minh ng cai t chc th nghim gii V ch Taekwondo quc gia. Nhng nm tip theo, gii v ch Taekwondo quc gia ln th nht, th hai v th ba lin tc c t chc ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh. Sau gii V ch Taekwondo ton quc ln th hai, hot ng ca phong tro Taekwondo Vit Nam m i din l Taekwondo Thnh ph H Ch Minh c nhng hot ng giao lu Quc t vi cc nc bn nh Malaysia, Hn Quc, Na Uy, M, i Loan K t nm 1992, Gii Taekwondo Quc t m rng c S TDTT Thnh ph H Ch Minh t chc nh k hng nm v cng ngy s lng cc on tham d, cng tc t chc v cht lng chuyn mn ca gii cng cao hn. Ngy nay trong cng cuc i mi ca t nc, cng vi s pht trin ca nn kinh t, x hi, Th thao Vit Nam ni chung v mn v Taekwondo ni ring cng pht trin nhanh, mnh m v t c nhng thnh tu ng khch l ti cc k SEA Games, cc gii thi u trong khu vc v Chu , Olympic. Ngy nay, Taekwondo tr thnh mt trong s cc mn Th thao mi nhn ca Th thao Vit Nam trn u trng Quc t. c s quan tm v u t ng hng 6

ca ngnh TDTT nc ta, Th thao Vit Nam ni chung v mn v Taekwondo ni ring ang ngy mt pht trin v bc u c s u t v vt cht v nghin cu khoa hc mnh m tin ti ginh c nhng th hng cao hn na ti cc gii thi u trong khu vc, Chu v Th gii.

CHNG II

K THUT C BN
Taekwondo l mn th thao pht trin ton din s dng c chn ln tay. Tuy nhin, trong xu th hin nay trn th gii, khi thi u, cc VV s dng n chn nhiu nht. N chim ti 95% trong khi n tay ch chim 5% s n nh trong trn u. i chn c s dng nhiu hn c v i chn mnh, di, li hi v t hiu qu cao trong thi u hn i tay. Cha ng ta thng ni mt ci bng ba ci m iu ny tht ng vi mn v Taekwondo. Kinh nghim ca nhiu Hun luyn vin cho thy thnh tch thi u ca VV c quan h cht ch, trc tip vi trnh k thut ca VV, trnh k thut ca vn ng vin c li nh khc nhau khi mun nng cao u ph thuc vo trnh k thut cao hay thp. Xt xu th pht trin chung ca mn v Taekwondo th vn ng vin mun t uc trnh cao phi c k thut ton din tt n gm c k thut c bn, k thut thi u nh cao l cc n s trng ca tng vn ng vin. Cc k thut trong Taekwondo rt a dng v phc tp bao gm; di chuyn, tn cng, phng th, phn cng, cc hnh thc chin thut, li nh xa, gn, trung bnh. Ngoi ra., cc tri gic chuyn mn nh cm gic v c ly, tc cng c ngha rt quan trng. Trong thi u Taekwondo, cc VV c th s dng rt nhiu k thut khc nhau nhng trn thc t, nhng k thut thng c s dng nht l: k thut (Chagi), di chuyn (Baljit gi), k thut (Makki), k thut m (Jirugi), ng tc gi (Sogiman), th th, cc t th ng c bn....tuy nhin tng quc gia vic p dng vo thi u c khc nhau da theo li nh truyn thng cu h nh Hn Quc, Ty Ban Nha, Php c li nh truyn thng uy lc ly tn cng l chnh trong khi mt s quc gia khc trong c Vit nam li c s kt hp gia li nh phng th v tn cng . Taekwondo l mt mn th thao ngh thut trong cc vn ng vin s dng cc b phn trn c th thc hin cc k thut tn cng v phng th nhm nh bi i phng. Trong song u v thi u cc vn ng vin s dng cc k thut nh n m (jireugi), xa (tzireugi), nh (chigi), (chagi) tn cng trc tip vo cc mc tiu trn c th i phng, ng thi cng s dng cc k thut gt, (Makki) phng th v chng li cc n tn cng ca i phng. Taekwondo chnh l s tng hp ca h thng cc k thut c bn, iu m vn c coi l nn tng ca mn v Taekwondo. Tuy cc k thut Taekwondo c th c th hin mt cch ht sc a dng thng qua s kt hp v bin th ca chng, nhng trong phn ny chng ti ch xin trnh by 5 nn tng c bn ca mn v Taekwondo theo biu sau: I. MC TIU TN CNG: Taekwondo l ngh thut chin u c sc v l mt phng tin hu hiu t hon thin bn thn. Thng qua qu trnh luyn tp cc vn ng vin c th thc hin mt cch chnh xc cc ng tc k thut vi mt tc v lc nh ti a, ng thi c th t cng c, hon thin v tinh thn thng qua vic rn luyn sc mnh ch v tng cng kh nng tp trung vo cc cng vic ang tin hnh. Vn ng vin c th tng cng sc mnh th cht thng qua vic luyn tp k, chin thut v cng c sc mnh tinh thn iu khin hot ng ca ton b c th, ng thi nng cao thc 8

v s cng bng c th tr thnh mt con ngi ngay thng, c nhn cch vi nhng c tnh qu bu nh: tnh c lp, t ch v kh nng kim ch trc nhng nh hng tc ng ca mi trng Trc khi bc vo luyn tp, vn ng vin nht thit phi xc nh r c ng c v mc ch tp luyn ca mnh, bi v nu khng c nhng mc tiu c th v r rng th chc chn qu trnh hun luyn s tr nn v ngha. Cng ging nh trong cuc sng hng ngy cc vn ng vin Taekwondo ch thc s cm thy vui v v hnh phc khi h t ti c cc mc tiu c th c ra. V vy, trong qu trnh hun luyn tt c cc vn ng vin nht thit u phi n lc c gng ti a thc hin mt cch chnh xc v mnh m tt c cc ng tc k thut nh m (jireugi), (chagi), gt (Makki) ng thi phi lun ghi nh ti nhng mc tiu c th m h ra.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. nh u Trn (tin nh) u sng mi Thi dng Trng mt Hc mt Nhn trung Quai hm Hm di ng mch c Cm Yt hu Tnh mch c Chm xng vai Xng c M c C honh Nm v Cnh sn Xng sn Hng C nh u Khy tay (ch) Mt ngoi khp c tay Mt trong khp c tay im lm gia ngn ci v ngn tr Huyt an in Hng Cnh trong bp i Khp gi ng quyn Gia mu bn chn Cnh trong khp c chn Cnh ngoi khp c chn

Hnh 1: Mc tiu tn cng v cc im trng yu trn c th iu u tin m cc vn ng vin Taekwondo cn phi bit v phi lun ghi nh l cc im trng yu (yu huyt) trn c th, nhng im m lun gy ra cm gic au n ngay c khi ch phi chu mt lc tc ng rt nh vo (do ti cc im 9

ny h thng dy thn kinh c tp trung dy c di da). Trn thc t trong c th c khong 280 im trng yu c th tr thnh mc tiu tn cng, nhng trong phm vi cun sch ny chng ti ch xin trnh by 34 im nm trn ba phn ln ca c th con ngi l: u, phn thn trn v pn di thn. Trong 34 im ny c 3 im quan trng nht v c th nh hng trc tip ti tnh mng ca con ngi l: huyt nhn trung phn u, m c phn thn trn v huyt an in phn thn di. Trong sut qu trnh tp luyn vn ng vin nht thit phi hnh dung l c mt u th tng tng ang ng trc mt mnh thc hin cc k thut tn cng vo cc im trng yu (theo ng lut) trn c th ca anh ta v thc hin cc k thut phng th trc cc n tn cng ca i th tng tng vo cc im trng yu trn c th ca mnh. II. V KH TN CNG CA C TH: Khi thc hin mt k thut Taekwondo, thng thng lc nh c truyn t thn qua cc im trn chn v tay, c bit l trn bn tay v bn chn chm vo cc mc tiu tn cng c nh trc trn c th ca i phng. Cc im ny c gi l v kh tn cng ca c th v c s dng vi cc chc nng khc nhau. V d: cnh, mu, gt, c bn chnthng c s dng thc hin cc k thut tn cng, cn cc b phn di v to hn khc ca bn chn th thng c s dng thc hin cc k thut phng th 2.1 Nm m (Jumeok).

Hnh 2: n m thng (Jumeok) Nm m c to nn bi cc ngn tay khp st v cun cht li. Trong mn v Taekwondo nm m c chia lm 6 loi ty thuc vo k thut s dng bao gm: m thng (Jumeok), lng nm m (Deung Jumeok), cnh ngoi nm m (Mejumeok), nm m li (Bamjumeok) (nh bng t xng th hai ca ngn tr hoc ngn gia), m dt (Pyonjumeok) (nh bng t xng th hai ca ngn tr, 10

ngn gia v ngn p t) v gng km (Jipkejumeok) (ngn ci v ngn tr to thnh hnh gng km). * m thng (Jumeok): m thng (Jumeok) l hnh thc n gin nht ca n m vi cc ngn tay khp st v cun cht li trong lng bn tay v ch s dng t xng th nht ca ngn tr v ngn gia thc hin n nh. - Nhng iu cn ch khi thc hin n Jumeok: + C tay phi gi thng v phi to thnh mt ng thng t cm tay n mt trong ca cng tay. + t xng th nht ca ngn tr v ngn gia phi cng nm trn mt mt phng vi mt ngoi ca cng tay v phi vung gc vi lng bn tay (phn trn t xng th nht ca ngn tr v ngn gia). thc hin ng c n m ny th cng khng phi l iu d dng v vy cc vn ng vin phi ht sc ch v n lc c gng khi thc hin ng tc. - V kh tn cng (im chm): t xng th nht ca ngn tr v ngn gia. - Cch nm tay thc hin n Jumeok: + Dui thng bn tay vi 4 ngn tay khp cht v ngn ci cha thng ln, sau t t cun cht 4 ngn tay li bt u t t xng th ba vo lng bn tay. + Ngn ci gp t xng th hai v cht ln ngn tr v ngn gia.

Hnh 3: Cch nm tay - S dng: Trong k thut Taekwondo, Jumeok ch c thc hin trong cc n m nh: m thng vo mt (Olgul Jireugi), m mc (Chi Jireugi), m vng (Dollyo Jireugi).

chi jireugi (lift punch)

olgul jireugi(face punch)

dollyo jireugi (twist punch)

Hnh 4: m mc, m thng vo mt, m vng. 11

* Cc bin th khc ca n Jumeok. Ngoi cc k thut nu trn, n Jumeok cn c nhng bin th khc nh: m dc (Sewojireugi), m nga (Jechojireugi), m nga hai tay (Dujumeok Jechojireugi). Nu mc tiu gn th nn thc hin n m nga (Jechojireugi) cn nu mc tiu xa th nn p dng n m dc (Sewojireugi).

Hnh 5: n m dc (Sewojireugi)

Hnh 6: m nga (Jechojireugi) 2.2 Bn tay (Son). Trong k thut Taekwondo bn tay (Son) c hiu l bn tay trn vi cc ngn tay khp cht v hi gp li t xng th ba. V kh s dng (im chm) trong k thut ny ln gp i so vi k thut Jumeok v cng bin i a dng ty thuc vo k thut s dng v mc tiu tn cng. a. Cnh ngoi bn tay (Sonnal) * Hnh tay: Trc ht khp cht 4 ngn tay li v hi gp t xng th nht ca cc ngn tay. Sau gp ngn ci t xng th hai v p cht vo lng bn tay vi u ngn tay hng v phn gc ca ngn tr.

sonnal(hand-blade)

sonnal(lateral)

12

hand-blade neck-hit

hand-blade block

Hnh 7: Cnh ngoi bn tay (Sonnal) * V kh s dng (im chm): Ton b cnh ngoi bn tay tnh t u ca ngn tay t n cnh ngoi c tay. * Nhng iu cn ch : Khi thc hin k thut Sonnal, lng bn tay nht thit phi cng nm trn mt ng thng vi mt ngoi cng tay. Tuyt i khng c b bn tay ln, xung vo trong hay ra ngoi * S dng: K thut Sonnal c thc hin c trong k thut phng th (Makki) v trong cc n nh (Chigi). b. Cnh trong bn tay (Sonnal Deung). * Hnh tay: Cng tng t nh trong k thut Sonnal nhng ngn ci c p cht v a su hn vo lng bn tay.

Hnh 8: Cnh trong bn tay (Sonnal Deung) * V kh s dng (im chm): t xng th hai ca ngn tay ci v phn gc ca ngn tay tr. * Nhng im cn ch : Phi p cht v a ngn tay ci du vo trong lng bn tay. * S dng: K thut ny ch c s dng thc hin cc n nh (Chigi). c. Lng bn tay (Sondeung). * Hnh tay: Cng thc hin tng t nh k thut Sonnal nhng trong k thut ny cc ngn tay c gi tng i lng hn. * V kh s dng: Ton b phn sau ca cc ngn tay v mu bn tay.

13

* S dng: K thut ny ch yu c s dng thc hin cc n nh (Chigi) tn cng chp nhong trong mt khong cch gn. Tuy nhin trn thc t k thut ny thng khng c coi l mt n tn cng quan trng. * Ch : Khi thc hin k thut lng bn tay (Sondeung) cn phi tn dng trit lc xoay ca hng. d. Ba u ngn tay (Pyonsonkkeut). * Hnh tay: Cng thc hin tng t nh k thut Sonnal ch khc l u ngn tay ca ba ngn tr, gia v p t phi st cnh nhau v phi cng nm trn mt ng thng. * V kh s dng (im chm): u ngn tay ca ba ngn tr, gia v p t. * S dng: K thut ny ch yu c s dng thc hin cc n xa. Tuy nhin, i lc n cng c dng cht, chm (Hulkki).

sewun pyonsonkkeut

pyonsonkkeut sewo tzireugi

Hnh 9: Xa dc (Sewun Pyonsonkkeut)

upeun pyonsonkkeut

pyonsonkkeut upeo tzireugi

Hnh 10: Xa p (Upeun Pyonsonkkeut)

jeochin pyonsonkkeut

pyonsonkkeut jeocho tzireugi

Hnh 11: Xa nga (Jeochin Pyonsonkkeut) 14

Nu u cc ngn tay c luyn tp mt cch cn thn th k thut ny s tr thnh mt n tn cng cc k hiu qu vo cc im trn yu trn c th i phng vi khong cch tn cng xa hn cc n m. Ty thuc vo k thut s dng n Pyonsonkkeut thng c thc hin bng ba t th chnh l: Xa dc (Sewun Pyonsonkkeut), Xa p (Upeun Pyonsonkkeut), Xa nga (Jechi Pyonsonkkeut). e. c bn tay (Batangson). * Hnh tay: cc ngn tay khp h, t t nng v nga lng bn tay ln pha trn, c tay v cc ngn tay hi gp nhng khng c gi qu cng.

Hnh 12: nh bng c bn tay (Batangson) * V kh s dng (im chm): Ton b phn c bn tay. * S dng: K thut ny thng c s dng thc hin cc n nh (Chigi). Do im chm c thit din qu ln, cho nn k thut ny thng khng c s dng tn cng vo cc im trng yu trn c th i phng m n ch c s dng thc hin cc n gt (Makki) * Bn tay cn c s dng thc hin cc k thut khc nh: Hai u ngn tay (Kawisonkkeut), mt u ngn tay (Hansonkkeut), Hai u ngn tay chm (Moundusonkkeut), ba u ngn tay chm (Mounsesonkkeut), nm u ngn tay (Modumsonkkeut), tay gu (Komson), nh bng c tay gp (Kuppinsonmok), nh bng h khu (Agwison). 2.3 Cng tay (Pal). Trong k thut Taekwondo, cng tay c s dng vi nhng chc nng v mc ch rt khc nhau. V d: ci ch thng c s dng tn cng trong khi c tay th ch yu li c s dng thc hin cc k thut phng th. a. Ci ch (Palkup).

15

Ci ch (Khy tay) ch yu c s dng tn cng i phng trong cc khong cch gn thng qua cc n nh nh: nh ci ch vng ngang (Palkup Dollyochigi), nh thc ci ch (Palkup Ollyochigi), nh vo h ng hoc cnh sn (Palkup Naeryochigi), nh ngang t trong ra (Palkup Yopchigi) v nh ci ch v sau (Palkup Dwichigi).

palkup

palkup dollyo chigi

palkup ollyo chigi

palkup naeryo chigi

palkup yop chigi

palkup dwi chgi

Hnh 13: nh bng ci ch (Palkup) b. C tay (Palmok). Cng tay l mt b phn tng i to v di ca c th v v vy n rt ph hp cho vic thc hin cc k thut phng th. Trong s cc v kh c s dng trn cng tay th cnh trong v cnh ngoi ca c tay l cc v kh thng c s dng thc hin cc n tn cng ngay sau mt k thut phng th ca mt b phn khc. Tuy nhin, cho d rt ph hp cho vic thc hin cc k thut phng th, nhng do dng 16

tay v c tay c thit din tng i ln v khng th chu ng c mt lc tc ng mnh, cho nn rt d dn ti nguy c b sai khp hoc gy xng nu n tn cng ca i phng qu mnh.

(inner & outer)palmok

inner palmok

outer palmok 1

outer palmok 2

(back & base)palmok

Hnh 14: C tay (Palmok) Cc v kh ch yu c s dng trn cng tay bao gm: Cnh ngoi c tay (Bakkatpalmok), cnh trong c tay (Anpalmok), cnh trn c tay (Deungpalmok) v cnh di c tay (Mitpalmok). 2.4 Bn chn (Bal). Nh c hai chn con ngi mi c th duy tr c thng bng ca c th khi i, di chuyn, quay vng, nhy cao, nhy xa, Trong tp luyn v thi u Taekwondo chn c s dng vi rt nhiu chc nng v mc ch khc nhau ty thuc vo v kh v k thut c la chn. V d: bn chn (Bal) thng c s dng thc 17

hin cc k thut tn cng trong khi cc b phn di hn khc ca chn li c s dng cho hot ng phng th. So vi cc n tay v cc n m th cc n chn trong mn v Taekwondo lun i hi phi c thc hin vi mt tc , s kho lo v chnh xc cao hn, iu m ch c th c c thng qua qu trnh luyn tp lu di v gian kh. Khi vn ng vin thc hin mt n (Chagi) th anh ta s gp rt nhiu kh khn trong vic duy tr thng bng ca c th vi mt chn cn li v nu kh nng gi thng bng khng tt th chc chn l anh ta s ng xung sn hoc thc hin hng k thut tn cng. Tng t nh vy khi nhy ln thc hin n bay (Twiochagi) nu kh nng gi thng bng khng tt th vn ng vin chc chn s ng xung sn v khng th thc hin c hiu qu k thut tn cng Cho d tng i phc tp khi thc hin v lun i hi nhng yu cu rt cao, nhng cc n trong mn v Taekwondo vn lun th hin r tnh u vit ca mnh, bi v trong mi trng hp n u to ra c mt sc cng ph v mt lc nh mnh hn bt c mt k thut tn cng no khc, ng thi n li c th c thc hin trong bt c khong cch no. V vy cc vn ng vin phi c bit ch v n lc c gng thc hin cc k thut ny, ng thi cng phi lun ghi nh rng i vi cc n : Tc cng ln hiu qu cng cao. a. bng c bn chn (Apchuk). * V kh s dng (im chm): Ton b phn c bn chn, bao gm c phn gc ca cc ngn chn trong trng hp cc ngn chn c b cong ln.

apchuk

apchuk ap chagi

apchuk dollyo chagi

Hnh 15: c bn chn (Apchuk) * S dng: c bn chn c s dng thc hin cc k thut nh: tng trc (Apchagi), vng cu (Dollyochagi), nghch vng cu (Biteurochagi), nghch (Badalchagi) Ngoi ra c bn chn cn c s dng lm im ta khi xoay thn ngi v l im to , khng ch chuyn ng ca c th khi di chuyn. b. Phn di ca gt chn (Dwichuk). * V kh s dng (im chm): Ton b phn di ca gt chn. 18

dwichuk

dwichuk jitzitki

Hnh 16: Phn di ca gt chn (Dwichuk) * S dng: Phn di ca gt chn ch yu c s dng lm im ta khi xoay ngi, thc hin cc k thut nh gim, p (Jitziki), tng ngang (Yopchagi) v xc (Podeochagi). c. Mi bn chn (Balkkeut). * V kh s dng (im chm): Ton b u ca cc ngn chn khi chng c dui thng cng v pha trc.

Hnh 17: Mi bn chn (Balkkeut) * S dng: Mi bn chn thng c s dng thc hin k thut xc (Podeochagi) vi lc bt mnh ca khp gi, bin th ca n tng trc (Apchagi) v vng cu nghch (Biteorochagi). K thut ny thng c cc vn ng vin c trnh cao s dng vo hng hoc vo huyt an in ca i phng. n c thc hin vi mi bn chn chm li v dui thng v pha trc. Do y l mt n nguy him uy hip trc tip n tnh mng ca i phng cho nn khi s dng cc vn ng vin cn phi c bit ch . 19

d. Cnh ngoi bn chn (Balnal). * V kh s dng (im chm): Ton b thit din ca cnh ngoi bn chn, phn gia mu v lng bn chn ko di t u ngn chn t n ht phn gt sau.

balnal

balnal attack

balnal defense

Hnh 18: Cnh ngoi bn chn (Balnal) * S dng: Cnh ngoi bn chn ch yu c s dng thc hin n tng ngang (Yopchagi), cc k thut chn, (Makki) v n chn phn cng (Badachagi). e. Cnh trong bn chn (Balnaldeung). * V kh s dng (im chm): Ton b phn cnh trong bn chn (phn gia lng bn chn v mu bn chn) ko di t cnh trong ca c bn chn n ht phn gt sau.

Hnh 19: Cnh trong bn chn (Balnaldeung) * S dng: Cnh trong bn chn ch yu c s dng thc hin k thut tt t ngoi vo (Pyojeokchagi) hoc l cc k thut phng th (Makki). f. Phn sau ca gt chn (Dwikkumchi). * V kh s dng (im chm): Ton b phn sau ca gt chn. 20

Hnh 20: bng phn sau ca gt chn * S dng: Phn sau ca gt chn ch yu c s dng thc hin cc k thut nh: ch (Naeryochagi), quay ngi vng lin tc (Momdollyo Huryochagi) v qup ( mc cu) (Nakkachagi). g. Lng bn chn (Balbadak). * V kh s dng (im chm): Ton b phn lng bn chn t phn di ca gt chn n u cc ngn chn (ban gm c phn c bn chn).

Hnh 21: Lng bn chn (Balbadak) * S dng: Lng bn chn ch yu c s dng thc hin cc n nh: ch (Naeryochagi), quay ngi vng lin tc (Momdollyo Huryochagi). h. Mu bn chn (Baldeung). * V kh s dng (im chm): Ton b phn mu ca bn chn ko di t c chn n u cc ngn chn. K thut ny thng c thc hin vi bn chn dui thng cng.

21

Hnh 22: Mu bn chn (Baldeung) * S dng: Mu bn chn thng c s dng thc hin cc n nh: vng cu (Dollyochagi), thc (Ollyochagi) v vng lin tc (Huryochagi). 2.5 Chn (Dari). Phn chn y c gii hn t mp di ca khung xng chu n khp c chn v thng c s dng thc hin cc k thut phng th nh vo di v rn chc ca n. Tuy nhin phn chn cng rt d b chn thng khi c s dng cc n tn cng ca i phng. V d khi s dng cng chn cc n ca i phng th chc chn vn ng vin s cm thy au n v nu n tn cng ca i phng qu mnh th rt c th s dn n chn thng. V kh c s dng hiu qu nht trong phn chn l u gi do rn chc ca n. Trn thc t u gi thng c s dng thc hin cc n nh (Chigi), c bit l cc n nh thc (Mureup Ollyochigi) v nh vng ngang (Mureup Dollyochigi). V kh s dng ch yu ca phn chn l u gi (Mureup) v cng chn (Jeonggangwi).

Hnh 23: Chn (Dari)

22

III. TN (SEOGI). ng tn l khng chm bt c mt b phn no ca c th ngoi hai bn chn xung mt t v s dng phn thn di thc hin cc bc di chuyn nhm to ra cc t th ng c bn c li cho vic trin khai v thc hin cc k thut Taekwondo. Khi ng tn ngoi tr phn thn ngi phi gi ngay thng v vung gc vi mt t cn cc b phn khc ca thn trn (bao gm c hai tay) th c th thc hin cc chuyn ng t do. K thut tn s quyt nh s di chuyn ca trng tm c th v im t ca trng lc trn mt t, ng thi n cng c chia ra lm nhiu loi ty thuc vo v tr, s di chuyn ca hai chn (chn trc chn sau, hai chn song song, khong cch rng hp) v t th ca u gi (gp, dui thng). Trn thc t k thut tn thng c thc hin theo yu cu ca hon cnh. V d khi phng th yu cu phi thc hin cc t th tn vng vng, cn khi tn cng th li yu cu phi thc hin nhng t th ng linh hot, d di chuyn, d to v thun li cho vic thc hin cc k thut tn cng Nu hai bn chn t gn nhau v hai u gi dui thng (trng tm c th cao) th t th s khng vng vng v n nh s khng cao. Ngc li nu hai bn chn t cch xa nhau vi hai u gi hi gp th s to ra c mt t th ng rt vng chc nhng li rt kh di chuyn, kh thay i t th (thay i trng tm c th) v kh to cho vic thc hin ng tc tip theo Nh vy c th thy rng vic duy tr thng bng ca c th ph thuc rt nhiu vo khong cch ng gia hai chn. Do mi ngi c mt cu trc c th khc nhau (ngi th c chn di, ngi th c chn ngn, ngi th c bn chn to, ngi th li c bn chn b), cho nn khng th a ra mt khong cch chung, c nh p dng cho tt c mi ngi. Tuy nhin trn thc t khi ng tn chn trc chn sau th thng thng khong cch hai chn vn c xc nh bng di ca cc bc trt, bc lt, bc hnh thng hoc bc di ca chnh bn thn ngi thc hin, cn khi ng tn vi hai chn song song (thng hng) th khong cch li c tnh bng di ca bn chn hoc rng ca vai Ngoi nhng vn nu trn th gc gia hai bn chn vn l mt vn cn phi c bit ch khi tin hnh luyn tp tn php. Vn ng vin phi lun ghi nh rng vic xc nh gc gia hai bn chn nht thit phi c thc hin da trn ng trc dc ca c th. 3.1 Tn m (Neolpyo Seogi). a. Tn song song (Naranhi Seogi). * T th: khong cch gia hai chn bng chiu di ca mt bn chn, cnh trong ca hai bn chn song song vi nhau, hai u gi dui thng, trng lng c th dn u ln c hai chn, trng tm c th ri vo gia hai chn. * S dng: y l mt k thut tn c bn thng c s dng trc hoc sau khi ht thc bi tp hoc trong tn sn sng (Jumbi Seogi).

23

naranhi seogi

naranhi seogi

naranhi seogi

Hnh 24: Tn song song (Naranhi Seogi) b. Tn m phi (Oreun Seogi). * T th: Trc ht cng c thc hin tng t nh tn song song, sau ly gt chn phi lm im ta t t xoay bn chn phi sang phi 90 0 .

oreun seogi (right hand stance)

Hnh 25: Tn m phi (Oreun seogi) * S dng: Tn ny thng c s dng thc hin k thut nh ba bng cnh ngoi nm m v nh ngc v sau t trong ra ngoi bng lng nm m. c. Tn m tri (Wen Seogi). * T th: Trc ht cng c thc hin tng t nh tn song song, sau ly gt chn tri lm im ta t t xoay bn chn tri sang tri 90 0 . 24

wen seogi

wen seogi

Hnh 26: Tn m tri (Wen seogi) * S dng: Tn ny thng c s dng tng t nh tn m phi. d. Tn chun b (Pyonhi Seogi). * T th: Khong cch gia hai gt chn bng chiu di ca mt bn chn, hai mi bn chn ng thi xoay ra ngoi 22,5 0 , hai u gi dui thng, trng lng c th dn u ln c hai chn, cnh trong ca hai bn chn hi nng ln khi mt t.

pyonhi seogi

Hnh 27: Tn chun b (Pyonhi seogi) * S dng: Tn ny thng c thc hin trong cc t th sn sng. 25

e. Tn ngang (Juchum Seogi). * T th: Khong cch gia hai chn bng chiu di ca hai bn chn, cnh trong ca hai bn chn song song nhau, hai u gi gp va phi sao cho c th d dng ng ln, ngi xung, cng chn gi thng ng v vung gc vi mt t, tp trung ni lc v gng cng phn bng di.

juchum seogi

juchum seogi

juchum seogi

Hnh 28: Tn ngang (Juchum seogi) * S dng: Do y l mt th tn rt vng vng v n nh, cho nn n c s dng rng ri trong c cc k thut phng th ln tn cng. f. Tn trc ngn (Ap Seogi). * T th: Ging nh t th khi mt ngi bc v trc mt bc ri dng li, khong cch gia hai chn (trc sau) bng mt bc di, cnh trong ca hai bn chn (chn trc v chn sau) phi cng nm trn mt ng thng, hai u gi dui thng v trng lng c th c dn u ln c hai chn. Khi thc hin th tn ny c th xoay chn sau ra ngoi khong 30 0 m bo t nhin ca t th. * S dng: Nhn chung tn trc ngn thng c s dng trong hot ng tn cng, tuy nhin i lc n cng c s dng thc hin cc k thut phng th.

26

ap seogi

ap seogi

ap seogi

Hnh 29: Tn trc ngn (Apseogi) g. Lp tn (Apkubi). * T th: T tn ch V (Hai bn chn to thnh mt gc khong 60 0 ), bc chn tri v trc mt bc di (bng khong 1,5 bc bnh thng v hi lch sang tri), mi bn chn tri hng thng v trc, cng chn tao vi mt t mt gc t 80 n 90 0 . Chn phi dui thng gi, bn chn hi xoay ra ngoi nhng khng c vt qu 30 0 . Trng lng c th dn ln chn trc (khong 60 n 65%).

apkubi

apkubi

Hnh 30: Lp tn (Apkubi) 27

* S dng: Do k thut tn ny c xu hng lao v pha trc cho nn n thng c s dng thc hin cc k thut tn cng. h. Tn sau (Dwitkubi). * T th: T tn nghim (Moaseogi) (Hai chn khp cht), ly gt chn phi lm im ta xoay bn chn phi 90 0 ra pha ngoi, chn tri bc thng v trc mt bc, hai gt chn to thnh mt gc 90 0 v gp hai u gi h thp thn ngi. Cng chn ca chn phi phi to vi mt t mt gc khong 60 n 70 0 v cng chn ca chn tri phi to vi mt t mt gc khong t 100 n 110 0 . Hai gi gp v khong 65% trng lng c th s c dn ln chn phi (chn sau).

dwitkubi

dwitkubi

Hnh 31: Tn sau (Dwitkubi) * S dng: Do trng lng c th c dn ch yu ln chn sau cho nn k thut tn ny lun to iu kin rt thun li cho vic di chuyn v sau v v vy n thng xuyn c s dng thc hin nhng k thut phng th. Trong k thut ny vic phn loi k thut c tin hnh da vo v tr ca chn sau. V d: chn phi ng sau th c gi l tn sau phi (Oreun Dwitkubi) cn khi chn tri ng sau th c gi l tn sau tri (Wen Dwitkubi). i. Tn ch T (Ohjaseogi). * T th: Tn ny cng tng t nh tn sau ch khc l ng thng ko di t gt chn ca bn chn trc s i qua im gia ca cnh trong bn chn sau, tc l hai bn chn vn vung gc vi nhau, nhng li to thnh hnh ch T ngc. Trong t th tn ny chn trc c ko li vo trong che phn hng trc cc n tn cng ca i phng, ng thi to iu kin thun li bt ng thc hin k thut quay ngi vng lin tc (Momdollyo chagi). 28

ohja seogi

Hnh 32: Tn ch T (Ohja seogi) * S dng: Tn ny c s dng rng ri c trong phng th ln tn cng bt ng. k. H tn (Beom Seogi). * T th (Oreun Beomseogi): T t th tn nghim (Moa Seogi), chn phi di chuyn ln pha trc mt bn chn v xoay mi bn chn ra bn ngoi 45 0

beom seogi

beom seogi

Hnh 33: H tn (Beom Seogi) 29

hai u gi gp li ging nh trong tn ngang (Juchum Seogi) h thp trng tm c th v dn ton b trng lng c th ln chn sau. Chn trc (phi) dui thng khp c chn sao cho cc u ngn chn ch chm nh nhng trn mt t v khuu gi c th d dng xoay thn ngi vo trong. H tn tri (Wen Beomseogi) cng thc hin tng t nh vy nhng ngc bn. * S dng: Tn ny ch yu c s dng thc hin cc k thut phng th, cc n phn cng bng chn trc, xoay ngi phn cng hoc chn cc n tn cng ca i phng bng chn trc v phn cng li bng k thut n tay. 3.2 Tn nghim (Moa Seogi). a. Tn nghim (Moa Seogi). * T th: y l t th ng thng vi hai chn khp cht, hai u gi dui thng st nhau, cnh trong ca hai bn chn p st vo nhau theo sut chiu di ca n: t u ngn chn ci n ht phn gt sau.

moa seogi

Hnh 34: Tn nghim (Moa Seogi) b. Tn ch V (Dwichuk MoaSeogi). * T th: T tn nghim ly gt chn lm im ta ng thi xoay hai mi chn ra ngoi 22,5 0 .

30

dwichuk moaseogi

Hnh 35: Tn ch V (Dwichuk Moaseogi) c. Tn cho trc (Apkhoa Seogi). * T th (tn cho trc phi): y l bin th ca tn ngang, t t th tn trn, a chn phi vng ra pha sau chn tri, bn chn king ln, mi v c bn chn chm t nh nhng. Hai gi gp nh trong tn ngang, hai cng chn bt cho nhau to thnh hnh ch X, hai bn chn t st cnh nhau. Khi s dng tn cho trc phi thc hin mt k thut phng th hoc tn cng, th phi t c bn chn phi xung t ton b trng lng ca c th, cn bn chn tri th ch chm t bng cnh ngoi bn chn. Trong trng hp ny ng quyn ca chn sau v bp chn ca chn trc phi t st vo nhau to ra s vng chc v n nh cho t th.

oreun apkkoa seogi

wen apkkoa seogi

Hnh 36: Tn cho trc (Apkhoa Seogi) 31

* S dng: Tn ny ch yu c s dng thc hin cc bc di chuyn ngang sang bn tri. d. Tn cho sau (Dwikhoa Seogi). * T th (tn cho sau tri): T tn ngang, bc chn phi sang bn hoc v trc ng thi chn tri cng di chuyn theo. Bn chn tri t st cnh ngoi ca bn chn phi v chm t nh nhng bng c bn chn. Lc ny bp chn ca chn phi s t st vo ng quyn ca chn tri v to thnh hnh ch X. Hai u gi gp nh trong tn ngang.

dwikkoa seogi

Hnh 37: Tn cho sau (Dwikhoa Seogi) * S dng: Tn ny thng c s dng quan st cc bc di chuyn ca i phng, c bit l chuyn ng ca chn sau, ng thi n cng c s dng nh l mt bc chuyn tip tip cn v ra n tn cng. e. Hc tn (Hakdari Seogi). * T th: Chn phi khuu gi ging nh trong tn ngang sau nhc chn tri ln cao cho cnh trong ca bn chn tri chm st vo cnh trong ca khp gi chn phi.

hakdari seogi

hakdari seogi

Hnh 38: Hc tn (Hakdari Seogi) 32

Trong t th tn ny u gi ca chn tri phi nng cao v hng thng v pha trc, bi v nu u gi hng m ra ngoi th s rt kh duy tr thng bng cho c th v s kh c th thc hin c ng tc k thut tip theo. * S dng: Hc tn ch yu c s dng tng cng kh nng gi thng bng cho c th v gy kh khn cho vic quan st, phn on ca i phng, bi v trong t th tn ny bn c th d dng thc hin cc n bt ng tn cng i phng. f. Tn sn sng m (Kibon Jumbi Seogi). * T th: T tn nghim (Moa Seogi) chn tri dch chuyn sang tri mt bn chn to thnh tn song song (Naranhi Seogi). Hai tay nm cht trc phn bng di, st ngay di rn, khong cch gia hai nm tay bng mt nm m, khong cch gia hai nm tay v bng di bng dy ca c tay. Ht su v tp trung ni lc an in, lng kh y ra ch bng mt phn ba lng kh ht vo. Hai mt m to, nhn thng v pha trc v tp trung ni lc c c mt tm quan st rng nht. Tinh thn tp trung cao c th sn sng i ph vi mi hot ng ca i phng.

kibon junbi seogi

kibon junbi seogi

Hnh 39: Tn sn sng m (Kibon Jumbi Seogi) * S dng: y thc s l mt t th sn sng ng nh thut ng ca n. Tuy nhin trn thc t n cn c xem l ng tc kt thc c thc hin sau khi hon thnh mt bi tp no . Do tp luyn Taekwondo l mt phng cch rn luyn v tinh thn cho nn nht thit n phi c bt u v kt thc theo ng cc nguyn tc v nghi l ca n. V vy, trong sut qu trnh hun luyn vn ng vin phi lun ghi nh v tun th nghim tc t th bt u v kt thc ca cc bi tp ny. IV. K THUT PHNG TH (MAKKI). K thut phng th (gt ) (Makki) l phng tin hu hiu nht cc vn ng vin t bo v bn thn trc cc n tn cng ca i phng. Cng vi cc n gt , k thut di chuyn, trnh n (Jitgi) cng l mt trong cc ni dung hun 33

luyn ch yu ca mn v Taekwondo. Ngi ta vn thng ni Trnh n l phng php t v ti u nht trong song u v thi u Taekwondo. Tuy nhin trong trng hp bt buc phi i mt vi i phng th vic s dng thun thc cc k thut gt ngn cn v v hiu ha cc n tn cng ca i phng li c mt ngha ht sc quan trng. Nu mt vn ng vin c k thut phng th tt th anh ta cng khng cn phi qu m mi tn cng cho d anh ta c th dnh thng li bng cch . Ngc li nu k thut phng th ca anh ta cha hon thin th qu l in r nu anh ta c lao vo tn cng nh mt con thiu thn. Thc t thi u ch ra rng vic th ng phng th trc cc n tn cng ca i phng khng phi l gii php ti u, nu nh vn cho i phng c th tip tc ra n tn cng. V vy iu quan trng nht i vi cc vn ng vin Taekwondo l phi p dng cc k thut c th lm suy yu kh nng tn cng ca i phng. iu ny gii thch ti sao phn ln cc k thut gt ca mn v Taekwondo u c to ra nhm gy au n cho i phng thng qua vic s dng c tay v cnh bn tay, nhng b phn m nu c luyn tp cn thn th s c kh nng chu ng v to ra c mt lc tc ng rt ln vo cc im trng yu trn c th i phng lm suy yu kh nng tn cng bng chn v tay ca anh ta. V vy cc k thut gt cn phi c luyn tp ht sc cn thn v thun thc c th tr thnh mt phng tin phng th hiu qu trong song u v thi u Taekwondo. C c iu ny vn ng vin s t cm nhn c sc mnh ca bn thn, h s t tin bc vo thi u v chin thng i phng khng phi bng vic thc hin nh v bo cc k thut tn cng, m bng vic thc hin thun thc v hiu qu cc k thut phng th kt hp mt cch hp l vi cc n phn cng. iu ny cng hon ton ph hp vi mc ch, tiu ch v tinh thn ca mn v Taekwondo. Cng chnh v l do ny m trong h thng hun luyn cc k thut phng th lun lun c tin hnh ging dy v hun luyn trc cc k thut tn cng v iu ny chng t rng Taekwondo khng h coi trng ti vic s dng v lc. Trn thc t Taekwondo chnh l ngh thut s dng cc v kh trn c th, nhng b phn chc, sc v ngn s c s dng thc hin cc k thut tn cng, cn cc b phn rn v di hn s c s dng cho hot ng phng th. K thut gt s thu c hiu qu cao hn nu n c thc hin trong mt t th vng vng v n nh ca c th. Khi s dng chn thc hin cc n chn , lc nh chc chn s cao hn, nhng vic duy tr thng bng ca c th vi mt chn cn li s gp rt nhiu kh khn v iu ny c th s lm sai lch k thut v i khi cn dn n nhng hu qu ng tic. Trong trng hp ny hai tay phi lun trong trng thi sn sng c th kp thi tr gip cho hot ng ca chn. Thc t tp luyn v thi u chng t rng tt nht l nn dng hai tay thc hin cc n gt ng thi kt hp vi s di chuyn ca hai chn to ra cc t th n nh v vng vng. Khi s dng c tay, t bit l cnh ngoi c tay thc hin cc k thut gt th c gi l bng c tay (Palmok Makki), cn khi s dng cnh bn tay gt th c gi l bng cnh bn tay (Sonnal Makki). bng cnh bn tay lc va chm s gim i do c s tham gia ca c tay cho nn k thut ny thng c thc hin vi s tr gip ca tay kia. Trn thc t bng c tay thng ch c thc hin bng mt tay, nhng i khi n cng c thc hin vi s tr gip ca tay kia v lc n c gi l tip sc (Kodureo Makki). Ngc li i khi bng cnh bn 34

tay cng ch c thc hin bng mt tay v khi n c gi l bng mt tay (Hansonnal Makki). 4.1 Phng thc to lp cc k thut gt, c bn. Cc k thut gt c bn thng c to ra theo cng thc sau: K thut = V kh s dng + Mc tiu + Phng php thc hin. V d: - thng ng bng cnh ngoi c tay (Olgul Makki) = Cnh ngoi c tay + Mt + t di ln. - thng ng t trong ra ngoi bng cnh ngoi c tay (Olgul Bakkat Makki) = Cnh ngoi c tay + Mt + t trong ra ngoi. - thng ng t trong ra ngoi bng cnh trong c tay (Anpalmok Olgul Bakkat-makki) = Cnh trong c tay + Mt + t trong ra ngoi. - trung ng t trong ra ngoi bng cnh ngoi bn tay (Sonnal Momtong Makki) = Cnh bn tay + Thn + t trong ra ngoi. - trung ng t ngoi vo trong bng cnh ngoi bn tay (Hansonnal Momtong Anmakki) = Cnh ngoi bn tay + Thn + t ngoi vo. 4.2 H thng cc k thut gt, c bn. Cng c xc lp theo cng thc tnh nh trn, cc k thut gt, c bn thng hay c s dng nht trong song u v thi u Taekwondo bao gm: (1) Olgul Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Mt + t di ln. (2) Olgul Bakkat Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Mt + t trong ra ngoi.

(1) olgul makki

(2) olgul bakkat makki

(3) Anpalmok Olgul Bakkat-makki = Cnh trong c tay + Mt + t trong ra ngoi. (4) Olgul Anmakki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Mt + t ngoi vo trong. (5) Olgul Bitureo Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Mt + Xoay c tay t trong ra ngoi. (6) Bakkatpalmokolgul yop makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Mt + t trong ra ngoi. (7) Olgul Hecho Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Mt + y hai tay v pha trc. 35

(8) Momtong Bakkat Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn + t trong ra ngoi.

(3) anpalmok olgul bakkat makki

(4) olgul an makki

(5) olgul bitureo makki

(6) bakkatpalmok olgul yop makki

(7) olgul hecho makki

(8) momtong bakkat makki

36

(9) Bakkatpalmok Momtong Yopmakki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn + cnh hng. (10) Momtong Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn + t ngoi vo trong. Khi thc hin k thut ny bng tay phi thng c thc hin bng th tn chn phi trc.

(9) bakkatpalmok momtong yop makki

(10) momtong makki 1

(10) momtong makki 2

(11) Momtong Anmakki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn + t ngoi vo trong. (12) Momtong Bitureo Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn + Xoay c tay t trong ra ngoi. (13) Momtong Hecho Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn + y hai tay v pha trc.

(11) momtong anmakki

(12) momtong bitureo makki

(13) momtong hecho makki

(14) Arae Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn di + t trong ra ngoi. (15) Arae Kodureo Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn di + nh t trong ra ngoi vi s tr gip ca tay kia. (16) Arae Yop Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn di + nh sang bn. (17) Arae Bitureo Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn di + Xoay c tay t trn xung. (18) Arae Hecho Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn di + Gt hai tay sang hai bn. 37

(19) Arae Otgoreo Makki = Cnh ngoi c tay + Thn di + cho hai tay t trn xung. (20) Olgul Yop Makki = Cnh trong c tay + Mt + nh sang bn.

(14) arae makki

(15) arae kodureo makki

(16) arae yop makki

(17) arae bitureo makki

(18) arae hecho makki

(19) arae otgoreo makki

(20) olgul yop makki

38

(21) Anpalmok Momtong Bakkat Makki = Cnh trong c tay + Thn + t trong ra ngoi. (22) Anpalmok Momtong Kodureo Makki = Cnh trong c tay + Thn + tip ng t trong ra ngoi. (23) Momtong Yop Makki = Cnh trong c tay + Thn + cnh hng.

(21) anpalmok momtong bakkat makki

(22) anpalmok momtong kodureo makki

(23) momtong yop makki

(24) Sonnal Momtong Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay + Thn + nh t trong ra ngoi. (25) Sonnal Olgul Otgoreo Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay + Mt + cho hai tay. (26) Sonnal Momtong Yop Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay + Thn + cnh hng t trong ra ngoi.

(24) sonnal momtong makki

(25) sonnal olgul otgoreo makki

(26) sonnal momtong yop makki

(27) Sonnal Momtong Hecho Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay + Thn + y t trong ra ngoi. (28) Sonnal Arae Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay + Thn di + Gt t trong ra ngoi (29) Hansonnal Olgul Bakkat Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay ( mt tay) + Mt + Gt t trong ra ngoi. (30) Hansonnal Olgul Yop Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay ( mt tay) + Mt + cnh hng. 39

(31) Hansonnal Olgul Anmakki = Cnh ngoi bn tay ( mt tay) + Mt + nh t ngoi vo trong (32) Hansonnal Olgul Bitureo Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay ( mt tay) + Mt + Xoay bn tay t trong ra ngoi.

(27) sonnal momtong hecho makki

(28) sonnal arae makki

(29) hansonnal olgul bakkat makki

(30) hansonnal olgul yop makki

(31) hansonnal olgul an makki

(32) hansonnal olgul bitureo makki

40

(33) Hansonnal Momtong Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay ( mt tay) + Thn + t ngoi vo trong. (34) Hansonnal Momtong Anmakki = Cnh ngoi bn tay ( mt tay) + Thn + t ngoi vo trong. (35) Hansonnal Arae Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay ( mt tay) + Thn di + Gt cho xung. (36) Hansonnal Arae Yop Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay ( mt tay) + Thn di + Gt cho xung. (37) Hansonnal Arae Bitureo Makki = Cnh ngoi bn tay ( mt tay) + Thn di + Xoay c tay t trong ra ngoi.

(33) hansonnal momtong makki

(34) hansonnal momtong an makki

(35) hansonnal arae makki

(36) hansonnal arae yop makki

(37) hansonnal arae bitureo makki

(38) Batangson Olgul Anmakki = Cm tay + Mt + nh t ngoi vo trong. (39) Batangson Momtong Chukhyo Makki = Cm tay + Thn + nh thc t di ln (40) Batangson Momtong Makki = Cm tay + Thn + nh t ngoi vo trong. 41

(41) Batangson Momtong Nullo Makki = Cm tay + Thn + t trn xung. (42) Batangson Arae Makki = Cm tay + Thn di + t trn xung.

(38) batangson olgul an makki

(39) batangson momtong chukhyo makki

(40) batangson momtong makki

(41) batangson momtong nullo makki

(42) batangson arae makki

(43) Olgul Yopcha ollyo Makki = Cnh ngoi bn chn + Mt + cho ln. (44) Arae Bada Makki = Cnh ngoi bn chn + Thn di + chn (45) Momtong Anchonae Makki = Cnh trong bn chn + Thn + tt t ngoi vo. (46) Anuro Kodeonaegi = Cnh trong bn chn + Thn di + mc ra ngoi. (47) Olgul Bakkatchonae Makki = Cnh ngoi bn chn + Mt + vng trc t trong ra. (48) Jeonggangyi Bada Makki = ng quyn + Thn di + t trn xung.

42

(43) olgul yopcha ollyo-makki

(44) Arae bada-makki

(45) momtong anchonae makki

(46) anuro kodeonaegi

(47) olgul bakkatchonae- makki

(48) jeonggangyi bada-makki

43

V. K THUT TN CNG (KONGKYOK KISUL). Tn cng l s dng cc v kh trn c th nh tay v chn tc ng nhng lc mnh vo cc im trng yu trn c th ca i phng thng qua cc k thut nh: m (Jireugi), nh (Chigi), (Chagi), xa (Tzireugi) v b, p (Hultki). K thut tn cng c phn loi theo cc v kh s dng v vic la chn v kh s dng li c quyt nh bi mc tiu tn cng. Bn cnh vic thc hin k thut tn cng cng cn phi cn c vo tnh hnh thc t cng nh l v tr, t th ng v c im ca i phng V vy trong mn Taekwondo, k thut tn cng c th c phn ra lm rt nhiu loi ty thuc vo mc tiu tn cng v mc ch s dng ca vn ng vin. 5.1 n m (Jireugi). a. Cc im cn ch khi thc hin n m. * Mt quyn (mt trc ca nm m) phi vung gc vi cng tay khi n m c thc hin tn cng vo mt, thn hay phn thn di ca i phng. * n m phi i ra t hng v hng thng v pha mc tiu. * n m nht thit phi c thc hin chnh xc vo ng mc tiu nh trc. * Khi thc hin n m phi kt hp hp l vi vic xoay c tay. * n m phi c thc hin vi sc mnh ti a [lc (ly tm) ca thn trn truyn qua tay n mc tiu phi t gi tr ln nht]. * Khi thc hin n m phi kt hp hp l vi s di chuyn hp l ca trng tm c th tng thm sc cng ph cho n nh. b. Phng php thc hin n m. n m c th thc hin bng hai cch ty thuc vo t th v v tr ca i phng l m thun (Bandae Jireugi) v m nghch (Baro Jireugi). * m nghch (Baro Jireugi): Khi ng tn chn trc chn sau [tn trc (Apkubi) hoc tn sau (Dwitkubi)] s dng tay ngc bn vi chn trc thc hin n m. * m thun (Bandae Jireugi): Cng tng t nh trn nhng li s dng tay cng bn vi chn trc thc hin n m. c. Phn loi n m theo mc tiu tn cng. Khi tin hnh luyn tp cng nh trong thc t song u v thi u Taekwondo, vn ng vin nht thit phi hnh dung c l c mt u th tng tng ang ng trc mt mnh, hoc l phi xc nh r c cc mc tiu tn cng trn c th ca i phng. c bit trong qu trnh tp luyn cc k thut cn bn v cc bi quyn, vn ng vin s thc hin cc k thut tn cng v phng th trong iu kin khng c mt i th thc s no, v vy thu c hiu qu cao vn ng vin nht thit phi xc nh r c cc mc tiu tn cng trn c th ca cc i th tng tng ang ng trc mt mnh. Do mc tiu tn cng trn c th i phng rt a dng cho nn cn phi tin hnh phn loi cc n m theo cc khu vc c nh bao gm:

44

* m thng ng (Olgul Jireugi) vi mc tiu ch yu l sng mi ca i phng. * m trung ng (Momtongl Jireugi) vi mc tiu ch yu l vo m c ca i phng. * m h ng (Arae Jireugi) vi mc tiu ch yu l vo huyt an in ca i phng.

1) olgul jireugi

2) momtong jireugi

3) arae jireugi

olgul jireugi(lateral)

momtong jireugi(lateral)

arae jireugi(lateral)

d. Cc n m c bn. S kt hp gia mc tiu tn cng v phng php thc hin s to ra cc n m c bn. Trong mn Taekwondo cc n m c bn bao gm: - m nghch thng ng (Olgul Baro Jireugi). - m thun thng ng (Olgul Bandae Jireugi). - m nghch trung ng (Momtong Baro Jireugi). - m thun trung ng (Momtong Bandae Jireugi). - m nghch h ng (Arae Baro Jireugi). 45

- m thun h ng (Arae Bandae Jireugi).

1) olgul baro jireugi

3) momtong baro jireugi

4) momtong bandae jireugi

e. Cc bin th ca n m. T cc n dm c bn c th s to ra c rt nhiu nhng bin th khc nhau ca k thut ny, v d: (1) m ngang hng (Yop Jireugi): s dng mt tay m ngang v mt bn. (2) m h ng (gp ngi) (Naeryo Jireugi): ci gp thn trn khi thc hin n m.

(1) yop jireugi

(2) naeryo jireugi

(3) m vng cu (Dollyo Jireugi): n m khng c thc hin thng cng m i theo hnh vng cung t hng ra chm vo mc tiu. K thut ny thng c s dng tn cng khi i phng ng trong t th th kn v hi lch v mt bn. Khi thc hin k thut ny, khuu tay khng c dui thng m phi duy tr mt cong hp l ty thuc vo v tr ng ca i phng. (4) m thc (Chi Jireugi): k thut ny thng c s dng tn cng vo quai hm ca i phng vi n m c i ra t hng v thc ngc ln trn. Khi

46

thc hin k thut ny phi gp khuu tay v s dng lng nm m tn cng vo i phng.

(3) dollyo jireugi

(4) chi jireugi

(5) m dc (Sewo Jireugi) (Hnh 5): n m c thc hin vi nm tay dc (ngn ci quay ln pha trn). y l k thut thng c s dng tn cng khi i phng qu gn hoc qu xa (phi gp khuu tay khi i phng gn). (6) m nga (Jecho Jireugi)(Hnh 6): k thut ny c s dng tn cng vo thn i phng vi nm tay nga (lng bn tay hng ln trn) khi i phng ng trong khong cch gn. K thut ny ch c s dng khi khng th p dng c cc n m thun v m nghch vi i phng.

(5) pyonjumeok olgul baro sewo jireugi

(5) pyonjumeok olgul bandae sewo jireugi

5.2 n nh (Chigi). a. Khi nim. Khi mt n tn cng bng tay c thc hin bng lc pht ra t thn ngi (lc ly tm) th: 47

- Nu nm tay chuyn ng trn ng thng th c gi l n m (Jireugi). - Cn nu nm tay hoc tay chuyn ng theo ng cong th cho d khuu tay gp hay dui thng th cng u c gi l n nh (Chigi). Trong mn v Taekwondo n nh c phn ra lm rt nhiu loi ty thuc vo phng thc thc hin, v kh s dng v mc tiu tn cng. b. Cc n nh c bn. Trong mn Taekwondo cc n nh c bn c to nn bng cng thc sau: K thut = V kh s dng + Mc tiu + Phng thc thc hin. V d: (1) Apchigi (nh v trc bng lng nm m) = Lng nm m + Mt + nh v trc. Khi thc hin k thut ny, tay nh nm cht cnh hng, lng bn tay nga, tay cn li trc ngc (pha trc xng m c). Lun tay nh vo pha trong, i qua nch v cho qua tay trc ngc nh thng vo mc tiu, ng thi tay t trc ngc cng thu v cnh hng.

(1) ap-chigi

n nh v trc (Apchigi) cng c th to ra rt nhiu nhng bin th khc nhau khi n c thc hin vi s tr gip ca tay kia. V d: (2) Olgul Bakkat Chigi (nh thng ng t trong ra ngoi) = Lng nm m + Mt + nh t trong ra ngoi. (3) Olgul Kodureo Bakkat chigi (nh thng ng tip lc t trong ra ngoi) = Lng nm m + Mt + nh tip lc t trong ra ngoi (4) Olgul Yop Chigi (nh ngang thng ng) = Lng nm m + Mt + nh ngang sang bn. (5) Momtong Naeryo chigi (nh trung ng t trn xung bng lng nm m) = Lng nm m + Thn + nh t trn xung. nh ngang sang bn (Yopchigi) c ngha l tay tn cng cng nm trn mt phng dc i qua hai vai. K thut Momtong Naeryo chigi ch yu c s dng thc hin cc n gt hn l tn cng i phng. 48

(2) olgul bakkat chigi

(3) olgul kodureo bakkat chigi

(4) olgul yop chigi

(5) momtong naeryo chigi

(6) Mejumeok Olgul Apchigi (nh thng ng bng cnh ngoi nm m) = Cnh ngoi nm m + Mt + nh v trc. (7) Mejumeok Olgul Anchigi (nh thng ng t ngoi vo trong bng cnh ngoi nm m) = Cnh ngoi nm m + Mt + nh t ngoi vo trong. (8) Mejumeok Olgul Naeryo Chigi (nh thng ng t trn xung bng cnh ngoi nm m) = Cnh ngoi nm m + Mt (u) + nh t trn xung. (7) Sonnal Olgul Apchigi (nh thng ng bng cnh ngoi bn tay) = Cnh ngoi bn tay + Mt + nh v trc. (8) Sonnal Olgul Anchigi (nh thng ng t ngoi vo trong bng cnh ngoi bn tay) = Cnh ngoi bn tay + Mt + nh t ngoi vo trong.

49

Nu k thut Sonnal Olgul Anchigi c s dng tn cng vo c i phng th n s c gi l Sonnal Mokchigi (cht c bng cnh bn tay). (9) Sonnal Olgul Bakkat Chigi (nh thng ng t trong ra ngoi bng cnh ngoi bn tay) = Cnh ngoi bn tay + Mt + nh t trong ra ngoi.

(6) mejumoek olgul ap chigi

(7) mejumoek olgul an chigi

(8) mejumoek olgul naeryo chigi

(7) sonnal olgul ap chigi

(8) sonnal olgul an chigi

(9) sonnal olgul bakkat chigi

(10) Sonnadeungl Momtong Anchigi (nh trung ng t ngoi vo trong bng cnh trong ca bn tay) = Cnh trong bn tay + Thn + nh t ngoi vo trong. (11) Komson Olgul Apchigi (nh thng ng bng tay gu) = Tay gu + Mt + nh t trong ra ngoi. (12) Komson Olgul Anchigi (nh thng ng t ngoi vo trong bng tay gu) = Tay gu + Mt + nh t ngoi vo trong. (13) Kupinsonmok Teokchigi (nh thc thng ng c tay gp) = C tay gp + Mt + nh di ln trn. (14) Palkup Ollyo Chigi (nh thc ci ch) = Ci ch + Mt + nh thc t di ln. (15) Palkup Dollyo Chigi (nh ci ch vng ngang) = Ci ch + Mt + nh vng t ngoi vo trong 50

(10) sonnaldeung momtong an chigi

(11) komson olgul ap chigi

(12) komson olgul an chigi

(13) kupinsonmok teok chigi

(14) palkup ollyo chigi

(15) palkup dollyo chigi

(16) Palkup Naeryo Chigi (nh ci ch h ng) = Ci ch + Thn di + nh t trong ra ngoi. (17) Palkup Dwiro Chigi (nh ci ch v sau) = Ci ch + Thn + nh thc t trc ra sau. (18) Palkup Yop Chigi (Thc ch ngang) = Ci ch + Thn + nh t trong ra ngoi

(16) palkup naeryo chigi

(17) palkup dwiro chigi

(18) palkup yop chigi

51

5.3 n xa (Tzireugi). a. Khi nim. n xa cng c thc hin tng t nh n m ch khc l trong k thut ny v kh c s dng khng phi l nm m m l u ca cc ngn tay, iu m cho php i th tn cng c th tc ng su hn vo cc mc tiu tn cng trn c th i phng v thc hin cc k thut trong khong cch di hn so vi n m do cc ngn tay c dui thng ra. Tuy nhin khi thc hin k thut ny cc ngn tay cng rt d b chn thng (sai, gy,) nu chng khng c luyn tp y v k thut khng c thc hin mt cch chun xc. b. Cc n xa c bn. Trong mn Taekwondo, cc n xa c bn bao gm: * Xa dc bng ba u ngn tay (tr, gia, p t) [Pyonsonkkeut Sewo Tzireugi] (Hnh 9). Mc tiu tn cng ch yu ca k thut ny l xng m c ca i phng. * Xa p bng ba u ngn tay (Pyonsonkkeut UpeoTzireugi) (Hnh 10). Mc tiu tn cng ch yu ca k thut ny l vo mt, c v xng m c ca i phng. * Xa nga bng ba u ngn tay (Pyonsonkkeut JechoTzireugi) (Hnh 11). Mc tiu tn cng ch yu ca k thut ny l phn di m c, xng sn, hng ca i phng * Xa bng mt u ngn tay (tr hoc gia) (Hansonkkeut Tzireugi). K thut ny ch yu c s dng tn cng vo mt bn mt ca i phng. * Xa bng hai u ngn tay chm (tr v gia) (Moun Dusonkkeut Tzireugi). K thut ny s to ra lc tc ng ln hn so vi k thut xa bng mt u ngn tay v mc tiu tn cng ch yu ca n l mt, c v xng m c ca i phng.

hansonkkeut tzireugi

moun dusonkkeut tzireugi

52

5.4 n (Chagi). a. Khi nim. l s dng cc v kh trn bn chn thng qua chuyn ng ca chn tc ng mt lc vo cc mc tiu tn cng trn c th i phng. Trong mn Taekwondo, n c thc hin bng lc bt ca khp gi, lc dui ca bn chn v lc xoay ca thn ngi. n c th c phn loi da vo chuyn ng ca bn chn v lc tc dng s thay i ph thuc vo v kh c la chn thc hin k thut. Trn thc t n cn c phn loi theo hnh thc thc hin nh n, phi hp, tm gi i phng hay phng thc s dng lc khi thc hin k thut. b. Cc n c bn. Trong mn taekwondo, cc n c bn bao gm: (1) Apchagi ( tng trc).

(1) ap chagi 1

(1) ap chagi 2

(1) ap chagi 3

(1) ap chagi 4

(1) ap chagi 5

(1) ap chagi 6

- Nng u gi ca chn ln cao ngang ngc ri lp tc bt mnh bn chn v pha trc v dui thng chn. Ch khi thc hin k thut ny, bn chn phi hng thng vo mc tiu tn cng. 53

- S dng c bn chn (vi cc ngn chn b ngc ln trn) tn cng vo hng, huyt an in (phn bng di), m c, cmca i phng. - Sau khi thc hin xong k thut, chn phi c thu v theo ng ng ban u. Tuy nhin, trong cc trng hp c bit, sau khi thc hin xong k thut u th tn cng cng c th t chn cc v tr m c th to ra iu kin thun li nht cho vic thc hin ca cc k thut tip theo. Vn ng vin phi lun ghi nh l n ny s khng thu c hiu qu cao nu chn khng vi ti mc tiu hoc vn ng vin b mt thng bng khi ang thc hin k thut. - u gi ca chn tr nht thit khng c dui thng trc hoc trong khi ang thc hin n , bi v vic nng cao thn ngi s lm cho vn ng vin c xu hng ng v pha trc v lm suy gim lc tc ng ca n . Vic gi u gi hi gp khi thc hin k thut ny cn nhm to ra iu kin thun li cho vic trin khai v thc hin ca cc k thut tip theo. - Nu chn tr ch chng t bng cnh trong ca bn chn th trong lng ca c th s dn vo hng, khp gi v iu ny s lm suy gim tc thc hin v lc tc ng ca n . Trong cc trng hp c bit th cng c th dui thng gi ca chn tr, nhng phi hi nht gt chn ln (bng cch gng cng khp c chn) v s dng c bn chn ca chn tr lm im ta thc hin n , ng thi gt ca chn tr phi lp tc chm t ngay sau khi k thut c thc hin xong. Tuy nhin vn ng vin cng phi ch l khng nn king chn ln qu cao, bi v iu ny s lm cho trng tm c th b y ln cao hn v v vy s gp kh khn cho vic gi thng bng. Nhn chung v kh s dng ch yu trong k thut ny l c bn chn, tuy nhin trong cc trng hp c bit mi bn chn cng c th c s dng tn cng vo cc im trng yu trn c th i phng nh hng, m cNu k thut ny c thc hin vi mu bn chn tn cng vo hng ca i phng th n s c gi l thc trc (Apollyeo Chagi). (2) Yopchagi ( tng ngang). - Trc ht cng c thc hin tng t nh n tng trc: chn gp gi t t nng ln, sau xoay thn ngi ngc vi hng v dui thng khp gi mnh vo mc tiu bng cnh ngoi ca bn chn. - Khi thc hin k thut ny phi xoay hng a chn vo trong nhng u vn phi gi thng v mt phi nhn thng vo mc tiu. Lc ny do vai, thn v chn c xoay v xon li ging nh hnh chn c, cho nn n s c phng i ta nh vin n bay ra khi nng sng chm mnh vo mc tiu. Trn thc t, mc tiu tn cng s c quyt nh ty thuc vo t th v v tr ng ca i phng, v d: nu i phng ng i din vi hng th n s c thc hin vo mt hoc vo m c ca i phng, cn khi i phng ng nghing, vai xoay vo hng th n s c thc hin vo mt bn cm hoc mt bn sn ca i phng. - Cng ging nh n tng trc, sau khi hon thnh k thut chn phi c thu v theo ng ng ban u hoc t cc v tr c li nht cho vic thc hin ca cc k thut tip theo.

54

(2) yop chagi 1

(2) yop chagi 2

(2) yop chagi 3

(2) yop chagi 4

(2) yop chagi 5

- Chn tr phi ly c bn chn lm im ta xoay bn chn ra ngoi v phi ng thi dui thng gi khi thc hin n tng cao tc v lc tc ng vo mc tiu. Sau khi kt thc ng tc chn phi c thu v ng thi vi vic gp gi v th lng c chn ca chn tr. - Khi thc hin k thut ny, phn thn trn khng nn ng qu nhiu v hng i din vi n m n phi c gi sao cho gia hai chn v phn thn trn to thnh hnh ch Y c th to ra lc tc ng ti a cho n . K thut ny thng s dng phn di ca gt chn v cnh ngoi ca bn chn tn cng vo mc tiu. Chn nht thit phi chuyn ng trn ng thng c k t im bt u ti im chm trn mc tiu tn cng.

55

(3) Dollyo Chagi ( vng cu). - Dn trng lng c th sang chn tr, nhc gi v xoay thn ngi ri tung chn theo mt ng vng cung dui thng u gi v s dng c bn chn hoc mu bn chn tn cng vo mc tiu l phn thn hay phn mt trn c th i phng. - Chn tr phi dui thng u gi v khp c chn c th d dng s dng c bn chn lm im ta khi xoay thn ngi. - Chn phi lp tc dng li ngay sau khi chm vo mc tiu m khng c c thm bt c mt s chuyn ng theo no. - Khc vi n tng trc v n tng ngang, trong k thut ny chn khng chuyn ng theo mt ng thng, m n ch c nng ln khi bt u v sau th s chuyn ng theo mt ng vng cung. - Nu c luyn tp cn thn v thc hin ng cch th n vng cu s c th to ra mt sc cng ph rt mnh vo mc tiu tn cng.

(3) dollyo chagi 1

(3) dollyo chagi 2

(3) dollyo chagi 3

(3) dollyo chagi 4

(3) dollyo chagi 5

56

C. Cc bin th ca cc n c bn. (4) Badal Chagi ( vng trc) K thut ny l kt qu ca s phi hp gia n tng trc v vng cu. Khi thc hin k thut ny chn chuyn ng trn na vng cung t ngoi vo trong v s dng c hoc mu bn chn tn cng vo mc tiu. (5) Bitureo Chagi ( nghch vng cu) - Nu chn phi c s dng trong th tn trc tri (Wen Apkubi) th chn phi cng nht gi v nng ln nh trong n tng trc, ri a v pha trc, bn tri ca c th, sau bt ng a vng sang phi v bt mnh u gi thc hin n vng t trong ra. c v mu bn chn l cc v kh thng hay c s dng trong k thut ny. - Khi thc hin k thut ny, thn ngi trc tin cng xoay sang tri v sau bt ng xoay sang phi tung chn ra. - Cng ging nh trong n tng trc, chn tri trong k thut ny cng c dng lm im ta xoay c th v khi thc hin n th c chn cng dui nh v u gi th cng hi gp li.

(4) bandal chagi

(5) bitureo chagi

(6) Dwichagi ( tng sau) - T t th ng t nhin nhc chn ln v p thng v pha sau tn cng vo mc tiu bng phn di ca gt chn. - ng tc kt thc ca k thut ny cng tng t nh n tng ngang. - Khi ng chn trc chn sau th chn trc thng c s dng . Tuy nhin cng c th thc hin n bng chn sau sau khi y n v st chn trc. Trn thc t, k thut ny thng c thc hin khi to ra c mt khong cch nht nh vi i phng v khi vic quay lng li vi i phng khng gy ra nguy him cho ngi thc hin n . - Khi thc hin k thut, mt phi nhn theo hng v chn tr cng gp gi 57

nh trong n tng ngang. Thn trn ng nhiu hn v pha trc so vi n tng ngang.

(6) dwi chagi 1

(6) dwi chagi 2

(6) dwi chagi 3

(7) Ppodeo Chagi (p trc)

(7) ppodeo chagi 1

(7) ppodeo chagi 2

(7) ppodeo cha

(7) ppodeo chagi 4

58

- K thut ny cng c thc hin tng t nh n tng trc vi u gi ca chn khng gp qu nhiu, chn cng ch hi nht ln v lch v pha bn phi thc hin n bng cch p thng v trc. - Khc vi n tng trc, chn trong k thut ny khng chuyn ng ln trn m chuyn ng n gin thng v pha trc bng cch dui thng u gi vo pha trc ca i phng. Mc tiu tn cng ch yu ca k thut ny ch l phn hng v thn di ca i phng. - K thut ny thng c thc hin vi lng bn chn tn cng vo i phng, nhng khi n c thc hin bng phn di ca gt chn th lc tc ng s rt mnh. Trong trng hp c bit, k thut ny cng c th c thc hin bng cnh ngoi ca bn chn bng cch xoay ngi v a chn i st chn tr. - Khi tn cng vo hng i phng c th s dng mi bn chn vi u cc ngn chn dui thng thc hin k thut ny. Thn trn ng v pha trc t hn so vi trong n tng trc. (8) Mom Dollyo Chagi ( vng xoay). Bt u t tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi), n vng xoay (Mom Dollyo Chagi) c th c thc hin theo cc bc sau: - Mt nhn thng theo hng ch ca mi bn chn tri, xoay ngi thun theo chiu kim ng h (t tri sang phi). Ch , khi xoay thn ngi, mt quay 360 0 cn thn ngi quay 180 0 . Khi xoay thn ngi, chn phi ng thi thc hin n vng sau (Banmom Dollyo Chagi) ri chm t trong t th tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) - Khi thun thc n vng sau nh nu trn th mi tin hnh luyn tp n xoay vng (Momdollyo Chagi). thc hin c n ny, c thn ngi v chn u phi ng thi quay 360 0 theo chiu kim ng h bng lc xoay thn v sau chn li phi tr v ng v tr ban u. - Nu k thut ny c thc hin trong th tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) bng cch bc chn tri mt bc v pha trc v dng chn tri lm im ta xoay thn ngi v thc hin n bng chn phi th n s c gi l: xoay vng i chn (Onmom Dollyo Chagi). - n xoay vng thng c thc hin bng cc k thut sau: + vng sau (xoay na vng 180 0 ) (Banmom Dollyo Chagi). + vng sau lin tc (Banmom Dollyo Huryo Chagi). + mc cu vng sau (Banmom Dollyo Nakka Chagi). + ch vng sau (Banmom Dollyo Naeryo Chagi). + Xoay ngi 360 0 tng ngang (Banmomdollyo Yopchagi). + xoay vng lin tc (Momdollyo Huryo Chagi). + mc cu vng sau (Banmom Dollyo Naeryo Chagi). - Khi bt ngi vng xoay th k thut ny cng c thc hin tng t nh n bay (Twio Chagi). 59

(8) onmomdollyo huryo chagi 1

(8) onmomdollyo huryo chagi 2

(8) onmomdollyo huryo chagi 3

(8) onmomdollyo huryo chagi 4

(8) onmomdollyo huryo chagi 5

(8) onmomdollyo huryo chagi 6

(9) Nakka Chagi ( mc cu). Khi i phng trnh c n tn cng v thu hp khong cch chun b ra n phn cng, th ngi tn cng phi ngay lp tc s dng chnh chn ht tn cng vo phn sau u (t) hoc phn lng ca i phng, bng cch gp gi li thc hin n ging nh hnh li cu. Gi s khi thc hin hng n vng cu th phi ngay lp tc gp khp gi v vng ngc tr li tn cng vo phn sau u ca i phng bng gt chn, lng bn chn.

60

(9) nakka chagi

(9) nakka chagi

(10) Naeryo Chagi ( ch).

(10) naeryo chagi 1

(10) naeryo chagi 2

(10) naeryo chagi 3

- Chn vung ln cao qu u ca i phng v thc hin n bng cch ko thng chn xung vi u gi dui thng. - Nu i phng khng ng qu gn th c th nht gi v nng chn ln theo trc dc ca c th thc hin n ch. - Nu i phng ng gn v ngi tn cng thc hin n ch bng cch nng chn t trong ra ngoi th k thut ny c gi l: ch t trong ra ngoi (Bakkat Naeryo Chagi). Ngc li nu chn c nng t ngoi vo trong th k thut ny c gi l: ch t ngoi vo trong (An Naeryo Chagi). - V kh c s dng ch yu trong k thut ny l gt v lng bn chn.

61

(11) Anchagi ( tt t ngoi vo). Tng t nh n vng trc (Bandal Chagi), k thut ny cng c thc hin bng cch a chn chuyn ng theo mt ng vng cung t ngoi vo trong. K thut ny s dng cnh trong ca bn chn tn cng vo i phng v trn thc t n thng c s dng nng chn khi thc hin n ch.

(11) an chagi 1

(11) an chagi 2

(11) an chagi 3

(12) Bakkat Chagi ( tt t trong ra). Thc hin ngc li vi n tt t ngoi vo (Anchagi) v k thut ny cng tng t nh n vng cu nghch (Bitureo Chagi) vi vic s dng phn di ca gt chn tn cng i phng.

(12) bakkat chagi 1

(12) bakkat chagi 2

(12) bakkat chagi 3

(13) Twio Chagi ( bay). - y l n c thc hin bng mt chn trong lc ton b c th ang bay trn khng trung. K thut ny c th thc hin th tn nghim (Moaseogi), nhng nhn chung n thng thu c hiu qu cao hn khi c thc hin vi tn sau (Dwitkubi), bi v trong t th tn ny chn s ng chn trc chn sau v khong cch gia hai chn cng rng hn so vi tn nghim v v vy hai chn c th ng 62

thi cng gim bt t y thn ngi ln khng trung. Trn thc t, k thut ny cng c th c thc hin vi mt s t th tn khc.

(13) twio chagi 3

(13) twio chagi 2

(13) twio chagi 1

- Khi k thut ny c thc hin bng chn trc th n c gi l: bay (Twio Chagi). Nu n c thc hin bng chn sau trong khi thn ngi ang bay v pha trc th c gi l: bay i chn (Twio Bakkuwo Chagi). - bay c th c thc hin vi cc k thut sau: + bay tng trc (Twio Apchagi). + bay tng ngang (Twio Yopchagi). + bay vng cu (Twio Dollyo Chagi). + bay vng trc (Twio Bandal Chagi). + bay chn y (Twio Mireo Chagi). + Bay ngi ch xoay vng (Twio Momdollyo Naeryo Chagi). + bay mc cu xoay vng (Twio Momdollyo Nakka Chagi). Thc hin ngc li vi n Anchagi v k thut ny cng tng t nh n vng cu nghch vi vic s dng phn di ca gt chn tn cng i phng. Trn y chng ti trnh by chi tit v cc n c bn v cc bin th n gin ca chng, cc k thut m lun c thc hin vi chn tr chng t gi thng bng v chn kia tung n trn khng trung tn tn vo cc im trng yu trn c th ca i phng. Nhn chung mt n c th to ra mt lc tc ng ln gp ba ln so vi mt n m. Tuy nhin nu cc n khng c thc hin vi mt tc v chnh xc cao th khng nhng n khng to ra c nhng kt qu nh mong mun m ngc li cn lm mt thng bng ca c th v to iu kin thun li cho hot ng phn cng ca i phng. Hn na vic thc hin tht bi mt n s lm cho i th tn cng phi tiu hao mt ngun nng lng ln gp ba ln so vi i phng V vy, iu quan trng nht i vi mi vn ng vin Taekwondo l phi b cng kh luyn hon thin h thng k thut n chn.

63

CHNG III

QUYN (POOMSE)
I. NGUN GC, KHI NIM V PHNG PHP LUYN TP CC BI QUYN TRONG MN V TAEKWONDO. 1.1 Ngun gc ca cc bi quyn. Cc bi quyn Taekwondo c thit lp tng cng sc mnh ca tp th nhm chng li cc mi e da t mi trng bn ngoi. V li ch ca c cng ng, da trn cc k thut cn bn, cc lo v s sng to ra cc bi quyn c o mang m nt dn tc gip cc v sinh rn luyn sc mnh th cht, tng cng thc t chc k lut v hon thin kh nng t v ca bn thn. to iu kin thun li cho vic truyn b v thun tin cho vic rn luyn ca cc v sinh, cc bi quyn u c xy dng vi cc ng tc n gin, hiu qu v ph hp vi tnh hnh ca thc t. Cng vi thi gian v s tr gip tch cc ca y hc v cc mn khoa hc khc, cc bi quyn cng ngy cng c h thng, cng c v hon thin hn. Ngi ta vn cho rng cc bi quyn Taekwondo c giai cp thng tr c chim v tin hnh luyn tp t thi c i v chng ch c ph bin v truyn b trong qung i dn chng vo khong u th k th I di triu i Koguryo trn bn o Triu Tin. 1.2 Khi nim v cc bi quyn. Quyn l mt h thng cc ng tc k thut nhm th hin nhng tinh hoa nht ca sc mnh th cht v tinh thn cng nh cc nguyn tc c bn, ch o ca hot ng tn cng v phng th thng qua vic cng c v hon thin cc k thut c bn v tinh thn ca mn v Taekwondo. 1.3 Vai tr v ngha ca cc bi quyn. Quyn l mt h thng cc k thut tn cng v phng th c sp xp v b tr theo mt trt t nht nh m cc vn ng vin c th d dng tin hnh tp luyn cho d khng c s ch o v gim st ca hun luyn vin. i vi cc vn ng vin Taekwondo, quyn c mt vai tr v ngha ht sc quan trng. Thng qua vic tp luyn cc bi quyn, cc vn ng vin c th d dng cng c, hon thin v ng dng cc ng tc k thut vo trong thc t song u v thi u Taekwondo, c bit l i vi cc ng tc k thut kh, iu m lun gy ra kh khn cho vic luyn tp ca cc vn ng vin khi tin hnh thc hin chng n l mt mnh. Trn thc t, cc bi quyn c th c thc hin bng hai cch l t duy tng tng hoc thc hin thc t theo hnh (nh du v tr khi u ca hai chn v cc hng di chuyn khi thc hin bi quyn). 1.4 Nhng iu cn ch khi thc hin mt bi quyn. thu c hiu qu cao trong luyn tp mt bi quyn, vn ng vin nht thit phi thc hin y ba bc sau: * Hiu r vai tr, ngha v phng cch thc hin cc ng tc k thut trong bi quyn. * Ghi nh hnh, nhp iu v phng hng di chuyn ca bi quyn. 64

* Trong khi thc hin bi quyn phi ch ti cc vn sau: - Hng nhn ca mt. - S thay i ca trng tm c th. - Tc thc hin cc ng tc k thut (nhanh, chm). - Lc thc hin cc ng tc k thut (mnh, yu). - iu chnh nhp th. II. MT S BI QUYN C BN. 2.1 THI CC KIN CUNG QUYN (TAEGEUK 1 JANG). 2.1.1 ngha: Bi Thi cc Kin cung quyn (Taegeuk 1 Jang) c thit lp da theo nguyn l hot ng ca Kin (Keon) mt trong 8 qu ca Bt qui tng trng cho mt tri v nh sng. Theo thuyt Bt qui th Kin (Keon) l s bt u sn sinh ra vn vt trn v tr v v vy bi Thi cc Kin cung quyn (Taegeuk 1 Jang) c xp vo v tr u tin trong h thng cc bi quyn Taekwondo. 2.1.2 Cch thc hin: * Chun b (Jumbi): T im khi u, mt nhn thng v pha trc v thc hin t th tn sn sng (Kibon Jumbi Seogi). - Nhp 1: Xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 2: Chn phi bc ln thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 3: Rt chn phi v, xoay ngi sang phi 180 0 thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 4: Chn tri bc ln thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay tri. - Nhp 5: Chn tri bc cho sang tri, xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 6: Gi nguyn t th, mt nhn thng v pha trc v thc hin n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 7: Chn phi bc sang phi, xoay ngi sang phi 90 0 thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo trong (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 8: Chn tri bc ln thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 9: Chn tri rt v sau, xoay ngi sang tri 180 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo trong (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 10: Chn phi bc ln thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri. 65

- Nhp 11: Chn phi a cho sang phi, xoay ngi sang phi 90 0 thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 12: Gi nguyn t th, mt nhn thng v pha trc v thc hin n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri. - Nhp 13: Chn tri bc sang tri, xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n thng ng (Olgul Makki) bng tay tri. HNH CA BI THI CC CUNG QUYN

66

- Nhp 14: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi, thu chn v thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 15: Chn phi rt v sau, xoay ngi sang phi 180 0 thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n thng ng (Olgul Makki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 16: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn tri, thu chn v thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay tri. - Nhp 17: Chn tri bc sang phi, xoay ngi sang phi 90 0 thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 18: Chn phi bc ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, ng thi tht Kihap. * Kt thc (Keuman): Chn phi gi nguyn v tr, xoay ngi sang tri180 0 v thu chn tri v tr v t th sn sng (Kibon Jumbi Seogi) ban u, mt nhn thng v pha trc. 2.1.3 Phn th v ng dng ca bi thi cc kin cung quyn (Taegeuk 1 Jang) a. Khi i phng thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi, tay tri lp tc gt h ng (Arae Makki) chn n tn cng ca i phng. Lp tc truy st v phn cng i phng bng n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) ca tay phi. (Hnh 1) b. Khi i phng thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi, tay tri thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) chn n tn cng ca i phng. Trc khi i phng kp tho lui hoc ra tip n tn cng, lp tc phn cng li i phng bng n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) ca tay phi(Hnh 2) c. Khi i phng tn cng bng n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, tay tri lp tc thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo (Momtong Anmakki) chn n tn cng ca i phng v phn cng i phng bng n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) ca tay phi. (Hnh 3)

(Hnh 1) 67

(Hnh 2)

(Hnh 3) d. Khi i phng tn cng bng n m thng ng thun (Olgul Jireugi) bng tay phi, tay tri lp tc thc hin n thng ng (Olgul Makki) gt n tn cng ca i phng. Lp tc phn cng i phng bng n tng trc (Apchagi) v truy st i phng bng n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay tri. (Hnh 4)

(Hnh 4) 68

2.2 THI CC OI CUNG QUYN (TAEGEUK 2 JANG). 2.2.1 ngha: Bi Thi cc oi cung quyn (Taegeuk 2 Jang) c thit lp da theo nguyn l hot ng ca oi (Tae) vi hm trong cng, ngoi mm. Trong bi quyn ny xut hin thm nhiu cc n gt thng ng (Olgul Makki) v cc n tng trc (Apchagi) cng c s dng thng xuyn hn so vi bi bi Thi cc Kin cung quyn (Taegeuk 1 Jang). 2.2.2 Cch thc hin: * Chun b (Jumbi): T im khi u, mt nhn thng v pha trc v thc hin t th tn sn sng (Kibon Jumbi Seogi). - Nhp 1: Xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 2: Chn phi bc ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 3: Rt chn phi v, xoay ngi sang phi 180 0 thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 4: Chn tri bc ln thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay tri. - Nhp 5: Chn tri bc chch sang tri, xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo trong (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 6: Bc chn phi ln thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo trong (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 7: Chn tri bc sang tri, xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 8: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi, thu chn v thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m thng ng thun (Olgul Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 9: Chn phi rt v sau, xoay ngi sang phi 180 0 thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 10: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn tri, thu chn v thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n m thng ng thun (Olgul Bandae Jireugi) bng tay tri. - Nhp 11: Chn tri bc chch sang tri, xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n thng ng (Olgul Makki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 12: Bc chn phi ln thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n thng ng (Olgul Makki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 13: Chn tri a cho sang phi, xoay ngi sang tri 270 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo trong (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay phi. 69

- Nhp 14: Chn phi a cho ra sau, xoay ngi sang phi 180 0 thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo trong (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 15: Chn tri bc cho ln, xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 16: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi, thu chn v thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n m thng ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi. HNH CA BI THI CC OI CUNG QUYN

70

- Nhp 17: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn tri, thu chn v thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n m thng ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay tri. - Nhp 18: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi, thu chn v thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n m thng ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, ng thi tht Kihap. * Kt thc (Keuman): Chn phi gi nguyn v tr, xoay ngi sang tri180 0 v thu chn tri v tr v t th sn sng (Kibon Jumbi Seogi) ban u, mt nhn thng v pha trc. 2.2.3 Phn th v ng dng ca bi thi cc oi cung quyn (Taegeuk 2 Jang) a. Khi hai i th ng trc mt v sau lng ln lt tn cng bng n m trung ng (Momtong Jireugi), tay phi lp tc thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo (Momtong Anmakki) chn n tn cng ca i phng trc mt (Hnh 5.1) b. Sau khi chn n tn cng ca u th trc mt, lp tc quay ngi 180 (i hng) thc hin k thut tng t bng tay tri, nhm chn ng n tn cng ca i th sau lng (Hnh 5.2, 5.3, 5.4)
0

(5.1)

(5.2)

(5.3)

(5.4)

(Hnh 5) 71

* Vn ng vin c th thc hin ng dng ng tc 13 ca bi quyn ny bng cch thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay phi v quay sau thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn tri vo i th ng pha sau. 2.3 THI CC LY CUNG QUYN (TAEGEUK 3 JANG). 2.3.1 ngha: Bi Thi cc Ly cung quyn (Taegeuk 3 Jang) c xy dng theo nguyn l hot ng ca Ly (Ri) biu tng ca la v mt tri. Bi quyn ny s gip cc vn ng vin hng ti s cng bng, tng cng hng th v lng hng say trong tp luyn ng thi thng qua vic thc hin thun thc bi quyn ny vn ng vin c th nng cao c trnh chuyn mn ca mnh. 2.3.2 Cch thc hin: * Chun b (Jumbi): T v tr u, mt nhn thng v pha trc v thc hin t th tn sn sng (Kibon Jumbi Seogi). - Nhp 1: Xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 2: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi, thu chn v thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi v trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri. - Nhp 3: Rt chn phi v, xoay ngi sang phi 180 0 thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 4: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn tri, thu chn v thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay tri v trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 5: Chn tri bc chch sang tri, xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n cht c bng cnh ngoi ca bn tay phi (Oreun Hansonnal Mokchigi). - Nhp 6: Bc chn phi ln thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n cht c bng cnh ngoi ca bn tay tri (Wen Hansonnal Mokchigi). - Nhp 7: Chn tri bc cho sang tri, xoay ngi sang tri 45 0 thnh tn sau phi (Oreun Dwitkubi) v thc hin n trung ng cnh hng (Hansonnal Momtong Yopmakki) bng cnh ngoi ca bn tay tri. - Nhp 8: Xoay bn chn phi sang tri (khong 45 0 ), y bn chn tri v trc na bc, xoay ngi thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 9: Chn phi ko ln na bc, xoay ngi sang phi 135 0 thnh tn sau tri (Wen Dwitkubi) v thc hin n trung ng cnh hng (Hansonnal Momtong Yopmakki) bng cnh ngoi ca bn tay phi.

72

- Nhp 10: Xoay bn chn tri sang phi (khong 45 0 ), y bn chn phi v trc na bc, xoay ngi thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri. - Nhp 11: Chn tri bc chch sang tri, xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo trong (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 12: Bc chn phi ln thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo trong (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay tri. HNH CA BI THI CC LY CUNG QUYN

73

- Nhp 13: Chn tri a cho sang phi, xoay ngi sang tri 270 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri. - Nhp 14: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi, thu chn v thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi v trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri. - Nhp 15: Rt chn phi v, xoay ngi sang phi 180 0 thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay phi. - Nhp 16: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn tri, thu chn v thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay tri v trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 17: Chn tri bc cho sang tri, xoay ngi sang tri 90 0 thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) ri thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri v n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 18: Bc chn phi ln thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) ri thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay phi v n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri. - Nhp 19: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn tri, thu chn v thnh tn trc tri (Wen Apseogi) ri thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri v n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay phi. - Nhp 20: Gi nguyn t th, thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi, thu chn v thnh tn trc phi (Oreun Apseogi) ri thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay phi v n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri, ng thi tht Kihap. * Kt thc (Keuman): Chn phi gi nguyn v tr, xoay ngi sang tri 180 0 v thu chn tri v tr v t th sn sng (Kibon Jumbi Seogi) ban u, mt nhn thng v pha trc. 2.3.3 Phn th v ng dng ca bi thi cc ly cung quyn (Taegeuk 3 Jang) a. Khi i phng tn cng bng n tng trc (Apchagi), lp tc dng tay tri thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) chn n tn cng ca i phng (Hnh 6.1). Lp tc truy st i phng bng n tng trc (Apchagi) ca chn phi (Hnh 6.2); n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) ca tay phi (Hnh 6.3) v n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri (Hnh 6.4). b. Khi i phng tn cng bng n m trung ng (Momtong Jireugi), s dng bn tay tri thc hin k thut trung ng cnh hng (Hansonnal Yopmakki) nhm gt n tn cng ca i phng. Lp tc truy st i phng bng n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay phi (Hnh 7).

74

(6.1)

(6.2)

(6.3)

(6.4)

(Hnh 6)

(Hnh 7) c. Khi i phng tn cng bng n tng trc (Apchagi), lp tc dng tay phi thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) chn n tn cng ca i phng v phn cng li bng n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri (Hnh 8).

75

(Hnh 8) d. Khi i phng tn cng lin tc bng n m trung ng lin hon (Momtong Dubeon Jireugi) ca hai tay, lp tc thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo trong (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay tri v n trung ng t ngoi vo trong (Momtong Anmakki) bng tay phi chn ng n tn cng ca i phng. Lp tc thu hp khong cch v phn cng bng nh ch vng ngang ca tay phi (Palkup Dollyo Chigi) (Hnh 9).

(Hnh 9)

76

CHNG IV

I LUYN
I. NHT TH I LUYN (TRUNG NG): HANBEON KYORUGI (MOMTONG). - Hai ngi ng i mt nhau trong t th tn nghim (Charyot), ci cho (Kyongrye) v ng tn sn sng (Kibon Jumbi Seogi) (Hnh 1).

Hnh 1 - Ngi tn cng tht Kihap v thc hin tn sn sng (Kongkyok Bangwo Jumbi) [chn phi li ra sau thnh lp tn tri(Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n gt h ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri], ngi phng th ng trong t th chun b (Jumbi) cng ng thi tht Kihap (Hnh 2).

Hnh 2 Bi 1: 1. Ngi tn cng bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, ngi phng th li chn tri v sau thnh tn sau tri (Wen Dwitkubi) v thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo bng tay phi (Momtong Makki) (Hnh 3.1). 2. Ngi phng th bc nhanh chn phi ti trc thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v phn cng i phng bng n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri vo m c ca i phng ng thi tht Kihap (Hnh 3.2). 77

(3.1) Hnh 3 Bi 2:

(3.2)

1. Ngi tn cng bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, ngi phng th li chn tri v sau thnh tn sau tri (Wen Dwitkubi) v thc hin n trung ng t ngoi vo bng tay phi (Hansonnal Momtong Anmakki) (Hnh 4.1). 2. Ngi phng th bc nhanh chn phi ti trc thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v phn cng i phng bng n m thng ng nghch (Olgul Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri vo huyt nhn trung ca i phng ng thi tht Kihap (Hnh 4.2).

(4.1) Hnh 4 Bi 3:

(4.2)

1. Ngi tn cng bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, ngi phng th li chn phi v sau thnh tn sau phi (Oreun Dwitkubi) v thc hin n gt trung ng t trong ra ngoi bng cnh bn tay tri (Hansonnal Momtong Makki) (Hnh 5.1). 2. Ngi phng th bc nhanh chn phi ti trc thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v phn cng i phng bng nh ch vng ngang ca tay phi (Palkup Dollyochigi) vo quai hm ca i phng ng thi tht Kihap (Hnh 5.2). 78

(5.1) Hnh 5 Bi 4:

(5.2)

1. Ngi tn cng bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, ngi phng th li chn phi v sau thnh tn sau phi (Oreun Dwitkubi) v thc hin n trung ng t trong ra ngoi bng tay tri (Sonnal Momtong Makki) (Hnh 6.1). 2. Ngi phng th bc nhanh chn tri ti trc thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v phn cng i phng bng n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay phi vo m c ca i phng ng thi tht Kihap (Hnh 6.2).

(6.1) Hnh 6 Bi 5:

(6.2)

1. Ngi tn cng bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, ngi phng th li chn phi v sau thnh tn sau phi (Oreun Dwitkubi) v thc hin n trung ng t trong ra ngoi bng cnh ngoi c tay tri (Momtong Bakkat Makki) (Hnh 7.1).

79

2. Ngi phng th bc nhanh chn tri ti trc thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v phn cng i phng bng n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay phi vo m c ca i phng ng thi tht Kihap (Hnh 7.2).

(7.1) Hnh 7 Bi 6: 1. Ngi tn cng bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi. 2. Ngi phng th bc chn phi chch ln pha trc bn phi 45 0 thnh tn ngang (Juchum seogi) v thc hin n t trong ra ngoi bng cnh ngoi bn tay tri (Hansonnal Momtong Makki), ng thi thc hin n cht c bng cnh ngoi bn tay phi (Sonnal Mokchigi ) (Hnh 8) vo c ca i phng, ng thi tht Kihap. Bi 7:

(7.2)

Hnh 8

1. Ngi tn cng bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi. 2. Ngi phng th bc chn phi chch ln pha trc bn phi 45 0 thnh tn ngang (Juchum seogi) v thc hin n t trong ra ngoi bng cnh ngoi bn tay tri (Sonnal Momtong Makki), ng thi thc hin n m thng ng bng tay phi (Olgul Jireugi) vo quai hm ca i phng (Hnh 9.1). Sau , chn phi chuyn thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m nga (Jecho Jireugi) bng tay tri vo m c ca i phng (Hnh 9.2) ng thi tht Kihap.

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(Hnh 9.1) Hnh 9 Bi 8:

(Hnh 9.2)

1. Hai ngi t t th chun b, li chn phi ra sau vo t th song u (Hnh 10).

Hnh 10 2. Ngi tn cng thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi vo m c ca i phng, ngi phng th li chn phi v sau thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n gt h ng bng tay tri (Arae Makki) (Hnh 11.1). Lp tc bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi), phn cng bng n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) ca tay phi (Hnh 11.2) ng thi tht Kihap.

(Hnh 11.1)

(Hnh 11.2)

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Bi 9: 1. Hai ngi t t th chun b, li chn phi ra sau vo t th song u (Hnh 10). Ngi tn cng thc hin n tng trc (Apchagi) bng chn phi vo m c ca i phng, ngi phng th li chn phi v sau thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n gt h ng bng tay tri (Arae Makki) (Hnh 12.1) 2. Ngi phng th lp tc truy st i phng bng n tng trc (Apchagi) ca chn phi (Hnh 12.2); n m trung ng thun (Momtong Bandae Jireugi) ca tay phi (Hnh 12.3) v n m trung ng nghch (Momtong Baro Jireugi) bng tay tri (Hnh 12.4) ng thi tht Kihap.

(12.1)

(12.2)

(12.3)

(12.4)

Hnh 12 II. NHT TH I LUYN (THNG NG): HANBEON KYORUGI (OLGUL). - Hai ngi ng i mt nhau trong t th tn nghim (Charyot), ci cho (Kyongrye) v ng tn sn sng (Kibon Jumbi Seogi). - Ngi tn cng tht Kihap v thc hin tn sn sng (Kongkyok Bangwo Jumbi) [chn phi li ra sau thnh lp tn tri(Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n gt h

82

ng (Arae Makki) bng tay tri], ngi phng th ng trong t th chun b (Jumbi) cng ng thi tht Kihap. Bi 1: 1. Ngi tn cng bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m thng ng thun (Olgul Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, ngi phng th li chn tri v sau thnh tn sau tri (Wen Dwitkubi) v thc hin n thng ng t ngoi vo bng tay phi (Hansonnal Olgul Anmakki) (Hnh 13.1). 2. Ngi phng th bc nhanh chn phi ti trc thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v phn cng i phng bng n nh ci ch vng ngang (Palkup Dollyo Chigi ) bng tay tri vo m c ca i phng (Hnh 13.2) ng thi tht Kihap.

(13.1) Hnh 13 Bi 2:

(13.2)

1. Ngi tn cng bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m thng ng thun (Olgul Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, ngi phng th li chn phi v sau thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n thng ng bng tay tri (Olgul Makki) (Hnh 14.1) 2. Ngi phng th lp tc dng tay tri (tay ) nm c tay v ko i phng v pha trc v phn cng i phng bng n m thng ng (Olgul Jireugi) ca tay phi vo huyt nhn trung ca i phng ng thi tht Kihap (Hnh 14.2)

(14.1) Hnh 14 83

(14.2)

Bi 3: 1. Ngi tn cng bc chn phi ln thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v thc hin n m thng ng thun (Olgul Bandae Jireugi) bng tay phi, ngi phng th li chn phi v sau thnh lp tn tri (Wen Apkubi) v thc hin n thng ng bng tay tri (Olgul Makki).(Hnh 14.1) 2. Ngi phng th bc nhanh chn phi ti trc thnh lp tn phi (Oreun Apkubi) v phn cng i phng bng n nh v trc bng lng nm m (Apchigi) bng tay phi vo huyt nhn trung ca i phng (Hnh 12) ng thi tht Kihap. Hnh 15

84

CHNG V

MT S IU LUT THI U TAEKWONDO

IU 1: MC CH Mc ch ca lut thi u l nhm gii quyt mt cch cng bng v hon ho nhng vn lin quan n cc cuc thi u cc trnh do Lin on Taekwondo Th gii (WTF), Hip hi khu vc v cc Lin on Quc gia thnh vin t chc, thc hin nhm bo m p dng lut l theo ng tiu chun. IU 2: KHU VC THI U Khu vc thi u c kch thc 10m x 10m, sn u hon ton bng phng, khng c bt k vt cn no. Khu vc thi u phi c ph bng mt thm n hi. Tuy nhin, nu cn thit, khu vc thi u c th t cao t 50 60cm so vi mt sn v phn ngoi ng bin khng c nghing qu 30 0 m bo an ton cho cc u th.

S 1: S khu vc thi u
I. Mt bng khu vc thi u (Field of Taekwondo play) II. Khu vc thi u (Competition Area) III. ng ranh gii (Boundary) III.1 ng ranh gii 1 ( 1 Boundary Line) Theo chiu kim ng h l ng ranh gii 2, 3 v 4.
St

1. V tr ca trng ti (Referes Mark) 2. V tr ca gim nh (Judges Mark) 3. V tr ca th k (Recorders Mark) 4. V tr ca bc s (Commision Doctors Mark) 5.1 V tr ca VV xanh (Blue contestants Mark) 5.2 V tr ca VV (Red contestants Mark) 6.1 V tr ca HLV xanh (Blue Coachs Mark) 6.2 V tr ca HLV (Red Coachs Mark)

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IU 3: V PHC V TRANG THIT B BO V CA CC U TH 3.1 u th phi mang o gip, m bo v, dng c bo v h b, dng c bo v ng tay, ng chn, bao tay v dng c bo v rng trc khi vo khu vc thi u. 3.2 Dng c bo v h b, bo v ng tay ng chn phi mang bn trong v phc Taekwondo. Cc trang thit b bo v m cc vn ng vin dng phi tiu chun WTF (bao gm c bao tay v dng c bo v rng). Ngoi ra, vn ng vin khng c php i hoc mang bt c th g ngoi m bo him trn u. IU 4: CC HNG CN 4.1 Hng cn c chia ra thnh cc hng cn dnh cho nam v cc hng cn dnh cho n. 4.2 Cc hng cn c bn c phn chia nh sau: STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 Hng cn Siu nh Rui G Lng Nh Bn trung Trung Nng Nam Khng qu 54kg Trn 54kg Khng qu 58 kg Trn 58kg Khng qu 62 kg Trn 62kg Khng qu 67 kg Trn 67kg Khng qu 72 kg Trn 72kg Khng qu 78 kg Trn 78kg Khng qu 84 kg Trn 84kg N Khng qu 47 kg Trn 47kg Khng qu 51 kg Trn 51kg Khng qu 55 kg Trn 55kg Khng qu 59 kg Trn 59kg Khng qu 63 kg Trn 63kg Khng qu 67 kg Trn 67kg Khng qu 72 kg Trn 72kg

4.3 Cc hng cn thi u ti Th vn hi Olympic c chia nh sau: STT 01 02 03 04 Hng cn nam Khng qu 58kg Trn 58kg v di 68kg Trn 68kg v di 80kg Trn 80kg Hng cn n Khng qu 49kg Trn 49kg v di 57kg Trn 57kg v di 67kg Trn 67kg

IU 5: HNH THC THI U 5.1 Th thc thi u loi trc tip mt ln thua 5.2 Th thc thi u vng trn 5.3 Cc cuc thi u Taekwondo ti Th vn hi Olympic s c tin hnh bng phng thc thi u c nhn gia cc vn ng vin. 5.4 Tt c cc cuc thi u Quc t mun c WTF tha nhn phi c t nht 4 nc tham gia v mi hng cn phi c t 4 vn ng vin tr ln. Bt c mt hng cn no di 4 VV tham gia u khng c cng nhn thnh tch chnh thc. IU 6: THI GIAN THI U Thi gian thi u l 3 hip, mi hip 2 pht, thi gian ngh gia cc hip l 1 pht. Nu sau khi thi u xong 3 hip m t s vn ha th cc vn ng vin s ngh 1 pht, sau u hip th 4 l hip ph trong thi gian 2 pht v s p dng lut ci cht bt ng. 86

IU 7: BT THM, CN O 7.1 Vic bt thm s c thc hin mt ngy trc trn u u tin, c tin hnh bt u t hng cn siu nh tr ln. 7.2 Cc quan chc s i din bt thm cho cc quc gia tham d khng c mt trong bui bt thm. 7.3 Cn chnh thc cc VV trong ngy thi u phi c hon tt trc khi tin hnh thi u mt ngy. 7.4 Trong khi cn, cc VV nam ch c mc qun lt, cc VV n mc qun lt v o nt ngc. Tuy nhin, VV c th trn khi tin hnh cn nu VV yu cu. IU 8: CC K THUT V VNG C PHP NH 8.1 Cc k thut c php s dng: 8.1.1 K thut m: k thut pht n bng cch s dng mt trc ca ngn tr v ngn gia ca nm m cht. 8.1.2 K thut chn: c dng cc phn ca chn t mt c tr xung. 8.2 Cc vng c php nh: 8.2.1 Phn thn: c php tn cng bng cc k thut tay v chn vo phn thn c bo v. Tuy nhin, cc n ny khng c tn cng vo phn lng khng c o gip bo v. 8.2.2 Phn mt: L vng pha trc ca mt c gii hn bi 2 tai v ch c dng n chn tn cng IU 9: CC IM C GHI NHN 9.1 Vng c im ng lut: 9.1.1 Phn gia thn ngi: l phn c o gip bo v 9.1.2 Phn mt: Ton b khun mt bao gm c tai (ngoi tr phn gy pha sau u) 9.2 u th s c tnh im khi thc hin mt k thut hp l chnh xc v mnh vo cc khu vc c php trn c th i phng. 9.3 im s hp l c phn chia nh sau: 9.3.1 VV t c 1 im khi tn cng hiu qu vo vng o gip bo v thn ngi 9.3.2 VV t c 2 im khi tn cng hiu qu vo mt i phng. 9.3.3 Nu VV thc hin n nh lm i phng b Knocked down hoc b trng ti m th cng c thng thm 1 (mt) im na. 9.4 T s trung cuc ca trn u l tng im ca c 3 hip u. 9.5 im khng c cng nhn: Khi mt VV tn cng ghi im bng cch s dng cc n nh khng ng lut hoc b cm th im s s b hy b.

87

IU 10: CC LI VI PHM V X PHT 10.1 Vic x pht bt c li vi phm no u s do trng ti tuyn b. 10.2 Vic x pht c chia thnh Kyong-go (pht cnh co) v Gam-jeom (pht tr im). 10.3 Hai ln Kyong-go c xem nh b tr 1 im. Tuy nhin, ln Kyonggo l cui cng s khng b tr im trong bng tng im. 10.4 Mt ln Gam-jeom b tr 1 im. 10.5 Cc li vi phm: 10.5.1 Cc li vi phm di y s b x pht Kyong-go: a. Vt ra khi ng bin b. Trnh thi u bng cch xoay lng li i phng c. B ng xung sn d. Ln trnh thi u (thi u khng tch cc) e. m, ko hoc y i phng f. Tn cng vo vng di tht lng g. Gi v b chn thng h. Tn cng bng u gi i. nh vo mt i phng bng tay hoc nm m j. VV hoc hun luyn vin tht ra nhng li ni thiu lch s hoc c bt k mt hnh ng thiu vn ha no. 10.5.2 Cc li vi phm sau y s b x pht Gam-jeom: a. Tn cng i phng sau khi c khu lnh Kal-yeo b. Tn cng khi i phng b ng c. Qung qut i th bng cch m chn i th khi i th ang tn cng hoc y i th bng tay. d. C tn cng vo mt i phng bng tay e. VV hoc hun luyn vin lm gin on tin trnh thi u f. VV hoc hun luyn vin c hnh ng th bo hoc by t thi gay gt. 10.6 Khi mt VV c tnh khng tun th lut thi u hoc lnh ca trng ti, trng ti c th tuyn b VV thua cuc bng cch x pht ngay c khi trn u mi bt u c 1 pht. 10.7 Khi mt VV b tr 4 im, trng ti s tuyn b VV b thua. 10.8 Kyong-go v Gam-jeom s c tnh vo tng im chung ca c 3 hip u. 10.9 Khi trng ti cho trn u tm dng cng b pht Kyong-go hay Gam-jeom, thi gian thi u s khng c tnh k t lc trng ti ra lnh Kye-shi cho n khi trng ti ra lnh Kye-sok th trn u li tip tc. 88

IU 11: NH NG (KNOCK DOWN) 11.1 Khi bt c b phn c th no tr lng bn chn chm xung sn do chu tc ng t lc ra n ca i phng. 11.2 Khi mt VV long chong, khng th hin nh hay kh nng tip tc trn u 11.3 Khi trng ti phn nh rng trn u khng th tip din do bt c n nh uy lc no va c tung ra. IU 12: CC QUYT NH 12.1 Thng bng nc ao 12.2 Thng bng quyt nh dng trn u ca trng ti 12.3 Thng bng im u th 12.3.1 Thng bng im chung cuc 12.3.2 Thng bng chnh lch im Khi c chnh lch l 7 im th trn u s dng li v ngi thng cuc s c tuyn b 12.3.3 Thng bng im trn Khi mt VV ghi c 12 im th trn u s dng li v ngi s c tuyn b thng cuc. 12.4 Thng do i phng b cuc 12.5 Thng do i phng b loi khi cuc u 12.6 Thng bng tuyn b pht ca trng ti.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Kim Yong Choi, 1990, K thut Taekwondo, NXB Korea. 2. S.H.Choi, 1990, Taekwondo (Song u t do), NXB Korea. 3. Nguyn Hng Sn, 1992, K thut Taekwondo, NXB TDTT, H Ni. 4. H Hong Khnh, 1995, Cn bn Taekwondo, NXB TDTT, H Ni. 5. Kuk Hyun Chung Kyung Myung Lee, 1998, Taekwondo hun luyn nng cao, NXB TDTT, H Ni. 6. y ban TDTT, 1999, Gio trnh Taekwondo, NXB TDTT, H Ni. 7. y ban TDTT, 2006, Lut thi u Taekwondo, NXB TDTT, H Ni.

90