S oba-axalwlis

tradiciebi

dResaswaulebi Zvel saqarTveloSi

Zvel saqarTveloSi saaxalwlo (ufro sworad, Soba-axalwlis) samzadisi mTel qveyanas moicavda da Sobamde karga xniT adre iwyeboda. saSobaod rom Rorebi daikvleboda, aliloTi rom Camoivlidnen zarisxmiani mealiloeebi da qveyanas qristeSobas miulocavdnen, Tavadac galaRdebodnen da sxvaTac gaalaRebdnen, saSobao xsniliTa da sagangebo RviniT ufals, saxl-karsa da qveyanas dalocavdnen, cotas Seisvenebdnen da axla saaxalwlo samzadiss Seudgebodnen.

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istoriani . ianvari 2014

alilo dRes mTel qveyanaSi aRiniSneba saqarTvelos sapatriarqos kurTxeviT. oRond tradiciulisgan gansxvavebiT, igi Sobis Ramis nacvlad, diliT iwyeba da masobriv-sanaxaobrivi xasiaTisaa, imavdroulad _ saqvelmoqmedo. aliloze Segrovebul saCuqrebs upovrebsa da obol bavSvebs urigeben

Tavadoba _ saaxalwlo saCuqrad samefo karsa da mis binadarT sadResaswaulod `rTavdnen~. saamisod yvelas `Tavisi wili~ ZRveni unda moetana: `xelmwifis karis garigebis~ mixedviT, molareTuxucess uZvirfasesi nox-fardagebi mohqonda, monadireTuxucess _ axali samosi mefisa da misi jalabisTvis. msaxurTuxucesi sazeimod gaawyobda sasaxles. sadResaswaulo samosSi morTu-

li mefe taxtze dabrZandeboda, vazirTa Soris upirvelesi, mwignobarTuxucesi ciskris locvis dawyebamde ukvlevda mefes jvriT, xatiT, Zvirfas nivTebs miarTmevda da tkbileuliT daaberebda. mefes win saaxalwlo tablas daudgamdnen, romelsac veluri taxis Tavi amSvenebda. mefis garSemo rigis mixedviT ikavebdnen adgils Zlierni ama qveynisani, _ `mkervalTuxucesi da tyis mcvelni dasxdebian da mexeladeTuxucesni dganan~. saaxalwlo milocvebi wirvis Semdegac grZeldeboda: mejinibeTuxucess Zvirfasi unagiriTa da oqro-vercxliT aRkazmuli cxeni mohyavda; bazierTuxucesi veluri taxis mooqrul Tavsa da qor-Savardnebs miarTmevda; amirspasalarsac cxeni mohyavda, oRond burTiTa da CogniT; dadiani sam cxens mouZRoda, maT Soris `ori ukeTesi da erTi satalaxe~ unda yofiliyo; jaglagi cxenebi erisTavebs mohyavdaT, Tu ratom, amas qvemoT SeityobT; momlocvelebs adreul saukuneebSi isari unda mierTmiaT mefisTvis, Semdgom ki _ tyvia. Tan dalocavdnen, am isarma (tyviam) Tqveni orguli gangmiroso... Semdgom samefo karze didebulni modiodnen, sul bolos spani da laSqarni. yvela ulocavda mefes, mis jalabsa da erTmaneTs bednier axal wels. raRa Tqma unda, lxinic imarTeboda, lxins ki garToba mohyveboda. modResaswauleT arTobdnen momRerlebi, musikosebi, mocekvaveebi, meleqse-moSaireebi, masxarebic... erTmaneTs erkinebodnen falavnebi xaliCaze, aseve imarTeboda mravalgvari TamaSi-Sejibrebani... meore dRe ki mTlianad nadirobas eTmoboda. am saqmes ukve bazierTuxucesi ganagebda. igi wina dRisiT erisTavTa morTmeul jaglag cxenebs daaxocvinebda da im mindorze daayrevinebda, sadac Cveulebisamebr nadiroba imarTeboda.
istoriani . ianvari 2014

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S oba-axalwlis

tradiciebi

damfrTxali nadiri Tavis saSvelad gamorboda. atydeboda isrebisa da tyviebis srola. nanadirevi yovelTvis uxvi iyo, radganac nadiri mterTan asocirdeboda. sjerodaT, rac mets daxocavdnen, miT met mters sZlevdnen. axali wlis dReebSi samefo kari ara mxolod Tavad iRebda saCuqrebs, aramed uxvadac gascemda... sxvaTa Soris, am `saCuqrebSi~ Tavadobisa Tu aznaurobis wodebac eria. ar ifiqroT, samefo kari martooden qeifsa da nadirobas undeboda Soba-axalwels. sadResaswaulo dReebs saxelmwifos saangariSo davTarTa mkacri gasinjva-Semowmeba mohyveboda da arc am saqmeSi gamovlenil `damrRvevTa~ dasjas eridebodnen... `Sobas mxiarul ars qveyanai~ es rac samefo karze xdeboda. axla ojaxebSi aRar ikiTxavT? Soba-axalwlisTvis marTla mTel weliwads emzadebodnen. RviniT dawyebuli, tkbileuliT dasrulebuli, yvelaferi gamorCeuli unda yofiliyo. Soba-axalwlis Rvino ojaxebsac gadanaxuli hqondaT da eklesiebsac... sadResaswaulo wirva-locvisTvisac xSirad mTeli soflebi erTad midiodnen, Sesawiravsac uZRvnidnen taZrebsa Tu upovarT... sayovelTao xsnilis sadResaswaulo dReebs qristewdobebs, anu Soba-axalwels uwodebdnen mTaSi. am dReebSi mzec ki verZis sam naxtoms akeTebso, ityodnen. ioane oqropiris naTqvams Tu davimowmebT: `Sobas mxiarul ars qveyanai, rameTu adamis Semqmneli iSva dResa amas adamisagan~. saSobaod mealiloeebs xSirad mRvdeli miuZRoda win RvTismSoblis xatiTa da jvriT. mere Rors daklavdnen. Tavs saaxalwlod Seinaxavdnen aucileblad. Roris dakvlas Cveni winaprebi aseT Tqmulebas ukavSireben: wminda basili swiravda Turme erTxel da mis win Rors gaurbenia. Rors mucelSi eSmaki hyavda da misi xorcic ar iWmeodao. wminda basili jvriT xelSi gasdevnebia da roca Rori wyalSi unda gadamxtariyo, kudze fexi daubijebia. imav wams Roridan eSmaki

`ocdaxuTsa dekembersa, qriste iSva beTlemsao~

sanadiro `moedani~ SemoRobili yofila, WiSkars mTeli RamiT datovebdnen Rias. leSis sunze nadiri (meliebi, turebi, mglebi...) modioda, gamTeniisas WiSkari iketeboda da... miuaxlovdeboda mefe amaliT sanadiro mindors, gaaRebdnen WiSkars da
gozinayis gareSe saqarTveloSi axali weli warmoudgenelia

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saSobao wirvis Semdgom

gamomxtara da wyalSi gadavardnila. basilma Rori akurTxa da qristianT amis Semdgom saWmelad dauwesao. erTi sayuradRebo detali: rogorc Cans, qristianobis Semosvlis Semdeg mzis warmarTuli RvTaeba basila wminda basils `daukavSires~, xolo mzis RvTaebis msxverpli, Rori _ Soba-axalwlis sufras. Tqmulebam ki eSmakeulad miCneuli Rori eSmakisgan `ixsna~. saaxalwlo sufra sufraze pirvelad RviniT savse doqs Semodgamdnen da gverdiT Taflian jams daudgamdnen baraqisa da sitkbos dasabe-

deblad. saSobaod daklul Roris Tavs moxarSavdnen, did gobze dadebdnen, garSemo sxvadasxva zomisa da formis kokrebs Semouwyobdnen da ise miudgamdnen Rvinian doqs. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi indaurs mrgvlad xarSavdnen, dasavleTSi _ mixakdariCinian sacivs amzadebdnen. ase rom, indauric aucilebeli iyo saaxalwlod. imereTis zogierT sofelSi dedal-mamalsac moxarSavdnen saaxalwlod, guriaSi _ yveruls (gasasuqeblad dakodil mamals). xilsa da tkbileuls xom saTvalavi ar hqonda. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi nigvzis daSaqrul CurCxelebsac Sematebdnen sufras, dasavleTSi _ Txilis Txel
saaxalwlo samzadisi

istoriani . ianvari 2014

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S oba-axalwlis

tradiciebi

janjuxebsa da sanTeliviT gamWvirvale tkbil kvers. sanam CiCilaki da naZvis xe Semovidoda, manamde xis datotvil jvarze wamoacvamdnen wiTel vaSlebsa da saweso purebs, mxarze gadaikidebdnen da ise Semouvlidnen saxlsa da bosel-nalias. Sobis Ramesve saxlis dedaboZs romelime maradmwvane mcenaris totebiT morTavdnen. saaxalwlo SoT-lavaSi, nazuqebi kverebi da Rvezelebi xom calke Temaa. guriaSi muclis kokrebsac acxobdnen. es yveliTa da Suaze gaWrili kvercxis gamotenili patara kokrebia. Rvezeli ki mTvaris formisaa, isic moxarSuli kvercxiTa da yveliT savse, oRond sxvadasxva zomisa. ojaxis TiToeuli wevris `zomis~ mixedviT. arc stumarsa da mealiloeebs iviwyebdnen da `sastumro~ da `saaliloe~ Rvezelebsac acxobdnen. axla xaWapurebsa da qadebs aRar ikiTxavT? erTi sityviT, qarTveli diasaxlisi Tavs ar daizogavda, stumar-maspinZlis Tvalsac axarebda da gulsac...
CiCilaki nel-nela isev popularuli xdeba

bediskverebsac TiTqmis yvelgan acxobdnen. zogi rom krux-wiwilis, zogi komblis, Zroxis curis, xaris qedisa Tu namglis formisa iyo... Sin rom izeimebdnen, mere stumradac midiodnen, saCuqrebi urmebiTac ki mihqondaT moyvare-naTesavebTan. `Semovdgi fexi, gwyalobdeT RmerTi~ axali wlis umTavresi `stumari~ mekvle iyo odiTgan. yvelgan cdilobdnen, ojaxisTvis sasurvel da bednier adamians moeloca pirvels axali wlis gaTeneba. xSirad alionze SemoaRebda WiSkarsa Tu kars mekvle, romlis dalocvac daaxloebiT amgvari iyo: _ Semovdgi fexi, gwyalobdeT RmerTi! fexi Cemi, kvali angelozisa!.. mividoda mekvle buxarTan, aiRebda did muguzals, gaayrevinebda naperwklebs da SemosZaxebda: _ imdeni sixaruli mogcemodeT, ramdenic es naperwklebiao. an kidev: _ amdeni vaJi, amdeni qali, amdeni baraqa da oqro-vercxli dagbedebodeTo. _ amin, ufalma gisminoso! _ etyodnen maspinZlebi. sufrasTan miiwvevdnen, xSirad saCuqarsac uZRvnidnen, Wiqas an Tass (zogan yanwsac!) auvsebdnen da keras kidev erTxel daalocvinebdnen... P.S. xSirad moismenT, evropelebi da amerikelebi yovelTvis cdiloben, saSobao ardadegebi aucileblad TavianT did ojaxTan erTad gaatarono. magram bevrma rodi icis, rom cxra mTas iqiTac rom yofiliyo, saSobaod da saaxalwlod qarTveli kaci Tavs moiklavda da Tavis keras aucileblad daubrundeboda!.. samaxaroblod Tofsac gaisvrida, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mravalJamiers daagugunebda, dasavleTSi kidev, kolxuri Rvinis RmerTis sadidebels, agunas SemosZaxebda, svaneTSi _ lileos!.. Soba-axalwlis Rame kacma da pirutyvma Tavis fuZeze unda gaaTenoso, _ ase swamdaT. bednieri axali weli gagvTenebodes da sakuTar keraze gvezeimos, qarTvelebo!..
rozeta gujejiani

istoriis doqtori, profesori

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istoriani . ianvari 2014