S02 3G RPLS2 - v2-0 The Physical Layer

1 NOKIA topic: The Physcial Layer / July 2003 /Markus Wimmer
The Physical Layer

Part I
Channel Mapping
Radio Interface Channel Organisation
Logical Channels
content is organised in separate channels, e.g.
System information, paging, user data, link management
Transport Channels
logical channel information is organised on transport channel
resources before being physically transmitted
Physical Channels
(UARFCN, spreading code)
Frames
Iub interface
Channel Mapping DL (Network Point of View)
P-CCPCH
PCH
BCH
CTCH
DCCH
CCCH
PCCH
BCCH
DCH
CPICH
S-SCH
P-SCH
FACH
DSCH
CSICH
CD/CA-ICH
AICH
PDSCH
DPDCH
S-CCPCH
DTCH
PICH
Logical
Channels
Transport
Channels
Physical
Channels
DPCCH
Channel Mapping UL (Network Point of View)
DCCH
DCH
DPDCH DTCH
Logical
Channels
Transport
Channels
Physical
Channels
CPCH
RACH CCCH
PCPCH
PRACH
DPCCH
Part II
Transport Channel Formats
The Transfer of Transport Blocks
MAC Layer MAC Layer
PHY Layer
PHY
Layer
L1
FP/AAL2
L1
FP/AAL2
TFI
TBS
TTI radio frames in use
Transport Channel
UE
Node B
RNC
Transport Formats
TB Transport Block TF Transport Format
TBS Transport Block Set TFS Transport Format Set
TTI Transmission TFC Transport Format Combination
Time Interval TFCS Transport Format Combination Set
DCH 2
DCH 1
TB TB TB
TB
TB
TB
TB
TB
TBS
TF
TFS
TFC
TFCS
TTI TTI
TTI
TTI
TTI TTI
TB
TB
TB
Transport Formats
MAC Layer
PHY Layer
RRC Layer
c
o
n
f
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
o
n

Semi-Static Part
TTI
Channel Coding
CRC size
Rate matching
Dynamic Part
Transport Block Size
Transport Block Set Size
Transport Format
Example: semi-static part dynamic part:
- TTI = 10 ms
- turbo coding - transport block size: 64 64 64 128
- CRC size = 0 - transport block set size: 64 128 256 256
- ...
TFI
1
TFI
2
TFI
3
TFI
4
TrCHs
Transport Format Ranges
1...5000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
0...5000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
0...5000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
0...5000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
246 bits
0...5000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
0...5000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
246 bits
1...200000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
0...200000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
0...200000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
0...200000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
0...200000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
0...200000 bits
granularity: 1 bit
20 ms
10 ms
10, 20, 40
& 80 ms
10 & 20
ms
10, 20, 40
& 80 ms
10, 20, 40
& 80 ms
10, 20, 40
& 80 ms
BCH
FACH
RACH
PCH
CPCH
DCH
DSCH
convolutional 1/2
convolutional 1/2
convolutional 1/2
& 1/3; turbo
convolutional 1/2
convolutional 1/2
& 1/3; turbo
convolutional 1/2
& 1/3; turbo
convolutional 1/2
& 1/3; turbo
16
0, 8, 12,
16 & 24
0, 8, 12,
16 & 24
0, 8, 12,
16 & 24
0, 8, 12,
16 & 24
0, 8, 12,
16 & 24
0, 8, 12,
16 & 24
Transport
Block Size
Transport
Block Set Size
TTI
coding types
and rates
CRC
size
Static Part Dynamic Part
(based on TS 25.302 V3.14.0)
Part III
Cell Synchronisation
Synchronisation Channel (SCH)
C
p
= Primary Synchronisation Code
C
s
= Secondary Synchronisation Code
10 ms Frame
C
P
C
P

2560 Chips
256 Chips
C
s1
C
s2
C
s15

Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 14
C
P
C
P
C
P

C
s1

Primary Synchronisation Channel (P-SCH)
Secondary Synchronisation Channel (S-SCH)
Slot 0
15
15
SSC Allocation for S-SCH
scrambling
code group
group 00
group 01
group 02
group 03
group 05
group 04
group 62
group 63
1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16
1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10
1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 12
1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 4 6 3 7
1 2 16 6 6 11 5 12 1 15 12 16 11 2
1 3 4 7 4 1 5 5 3 6 2 8 7 6 8
9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16
9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10
slot number
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
11
11 11
11 11
11 11
11 11
15
15
15
15 15
15
15
15 15
15 15
5
5
I monitor the S-
SCH
Primary Common Pilot Channel (P-CPICH)
C
P

2560 Chips
256 Chips
P-CPICH
10 ms Frame
applied speading code =
cells primary scrambling code C
ch,256,0

Phase reference
Measurement reference
P-CPICH
Cell scrambling code? I get it
with trial & error!
P-CPICH as Measurement Reference
Received Signal Code Power (in dBm) CPICH RSCP
received energy per chip divided by the power density in the band (in dB) CPICH Ec/No
received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the receiver UTRA carrier RSSI
CPICH Ec/No =
CPICH RSCP
UTRA carrier RSSI
CPICH Ec/No
0: -24
1: -23.5
2: -23
3: -22.5
...
47: -0.5
48: 0

Ec/No values in dB
CPICH RSCP
0: -115
1: -114
2: -113
:
88: -27
89: -26

RSCP values in dBm
Carrier RSSI
0: -110
1: -109
2: -108
:
71: -39
72: -38
73: -37

RSSI values in dBm
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)
C
P

2560 Chips
256 Chips
P-CCPCH
10 ms Frame
P-CCPCH
Finally, I get the cell
system information
channelisation code: C
ch,256,1

no TPC, no pilot sequence
27 kbps (due to off period)
organised in MIBs and SIBs
Nokia Parameters for Cell Search

WCEL: PtxPrimaryCPICH
The parameter determines the transmission power of the primary CPICH channel. It is used as a reference for all
common channels.
[-20 dBm 43 dBm], step 1 dB, default: 33dBm (WPA power = 43 dBm)
WCEL: PtxPrimarySCH
Transmission power of the primary synchronization channel, the value is relative to primary CPICH transmission
power.
[-35 dB 15 dB], step size 0.1 dB, default: -3 dB
WCEL: PtxSecSCH
Transmission power of the secondary synchronization channel, the value is relative to primary CPICH transmission
power.
Nokia Parameters for Cell Search

WCEL: PtxPrimaryCCPCH
This is the transmission power of the primary CCPCH channel, the value is relative to primary CPICH transmission
power.
WCEL: PriScrCode
Identifies the downlink scrambling code of the Primary CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) of the Cell.
[0 ... 511], default: 0
Node Synchronisation
SRNC
t
i
m
e

Node B
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
RFN
t
i
m
e

128
129
130
131
132
133
134
BFN
135
T1
(T4)
T2
T3
(T4 T1) (T3 T2)
= Round Trip Delay
(RTD) determination
for DCH services
T1, T2, T3
range: 0 .. 40959.875 ms
resolution: 0.125 ms
DL offset
UL offset
user plane defined on
DCH, FACH & DSCH
BFN:
Node B Frame Number
counter
0..4095 frames
RFN:
RNC Frame Number
counter
0..4095 frames
Cell Synchronization and Sectorised Cells
Node B with three
sectorised cells
cell
1

cell
2

cell
3
1 TS
BFN
S
C
H
S
C
H
S
C
H
S
C
H
S
C
H
S
C
H
S
C
H
SFN = BFN + T_cell
1
SFN = BFN + T_cell
2
SFN =
BFN + T_cell
3
T_cell
3
T_cell
1
T_cell
2
SFN: Cell System Frame Number
range: 0..4095 frames
T_cell: n - 256 chips, n = 0..9
cell
3
cell
2

cell
1

S
C
H
Nokia Parameters for Sectorised Cells

WCEL: Tcell
Timing delay is used for defining the start of SCH, P-CPICH, Primary CCPCH and DL Scrambling Code(s) in a cell
relative to BFN.
[0 ... 2304] chips, step 256 chips, no default value.
Part IV
Common Control Physical Channels
Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
Slot 0 Slot 1 Slot 2 Slot 14
10 ms Frame
S-CCPCH
TFCI
(optional)
Data
Pilot bits
carries PCH and FACH
Multiplexing of PCH and FACH on one S-CCPCH, even
one frame possible
with and without TFCI (UTRAN set)
SF = 4..256
(18 different slot formats
no inner loop power control
S-CCPCH and the Paging Process
Node B
UTRAN
BCCH (SIB 5)
common
channel
definition,
including
S-CCPCH carrying one PCH
S-CCPCH without PCH
S-CCPCH without PCH
a lists of
UE
Index of S-CCPCHs
0
1
K-1
UEs paging channel:
Index = IMSI mod K
e.g. if IMSI mod K = 1
my paging
channel
RNC
Paging and Discontinuous Reception (FDD mode)
2
k
frames
k = 3..9
Duration:
CN domain specific
DRX cycle lengths
(option)
UE
CS Domain PS Domain
Update:
a) derived by NAS
negotiation
b) otherwise:
system info
Update:
locally with
system info
k
1
k
2
UTRAN
Update:
a) derived by NAS
negotiation
b) otherwise:
system info
k
3
RRC connected
mode
stores
if RRC idle:
UE DRX cycle length is
min (k
1
, k
2
)
if RRC connected:
UE DRX cycle length is
min (k
3
, k
domain with no Iu-signalling connection
)
Example with
two CN domains
S-CCPCH and its associated PICH
{b
2q
, b
2q
+1} = {1,1} {b
2q
, b
2q
+1} = {0,0}
PICH frame
S-CCPCH frame,
associated with PICH frame
t
PICH
= 7680
chips
b
287
b
288
b
299
b
286
b
0
b
1
for paging indication no transmission
# of paging
indicators per frame
(Np)
Subscribers with
Pq indicator
paged =>
18
32
72
144
Subscribers with
Pq indicator
not paged =>
{b
4q
, , b
4q
+3} = {1,1,,1} {b
4q
, , b
4q
+3} = {0,0,,0}
{b
8q
, , b
8q
+7} = {1,1,,1} {b
8q
, , b
8q
+7} = {0,0,,0}
{b
16q
, ,b
16q
+15} = {1,1,,1} {b
16q
, ,b
16q
+15} = {0,0,,0}
t
S-CCPCH
Paging Indicator and Paging Occasion (FDD mode)
UE
my paging
indicator (PI)
PI = ( IMSI div 8192) mod Np
DRX index
number of paging indicators
18, 36, 72, 144
Paging Occasion = (IMSI div K) mod (DRX cycle length)
+ n * DRX cycle length
UE
When will
I get paged?
number of S-CCPCH with PCH
FDD
mode
Nokia Parameters for S-CCPCH and Paging

RAN 1 & RAN1.5 support data rates of 15, 30, and 60 ksym/s for the S-CCPCH. FACH Open Loop power control can be
implemented only if the S-CCPCH is dedicated, uplink PC information through the RACH (RAN 2)
WCEL: NbrOfSCCPCHs
The parameter defines how many S-CCPCH are configured for the given cell.
Range: [1,2], step: 1; default = 1 (1 = FACH&PCH; 2 = FACH on 1
st
/ PCH on 2
nd
)
WCEL: PtxSCCPCH1 (carries FACH & PCH)
This is the transmission power of the 1st S-CCPCH channel, the value is relative to primary CPICH transmission
power.
Range: [-35 dB 15 dB] , step size 0.1 dB, default: - 5dB
WCEL: PtxSCCPCH2 (carries PCH only)
This is the transmission power of the 2nd S-CCPCH channel, the value is relative to primary CPICH transmission
power.
Range: [-35 dB 15 dB] , step size 0.1 dB, default: - 5dB
Nokia Parameters for S-CCPCH and Paging

WCEL: PtxPICH
This is the transmission power of the PICH channel. It carries the paging indicators
which tell the UE to read the paging message from the associated secondary CCPCH. This parameter is part of SIB
5.
[-10 dB..5 dB]; step 1 dB; default: -8 dB (with Np =72)
NP
Repetition of PICH bits
[18, 36, 72, 144] with relative power [-10, -10, -8, -5] dB
RNC: CNDRXLength
The DRX cycle length used for CN domain to count paging occasions for discontinuous reception. This parameter is
given for CS domain and PS domain separately. This parameter is part of SIB 1.
[640, 1280, 2560, 5120] ms; default = 640 ms.
WCEL: UTRAN_DRX_length
The DRX cycle length used by UTRAN to count paging occasions for discontinuous reception.
[80, 160, 320, 640, 1280, 2560, 5120] ms; default = 320 ms

FACH and S-CCPCH
Node B
RNC
FACH Data Frame
CFN TFI
Transmit Power Level
TB TB
Iub
UE
Uu
TFCI
(optional)
Data
Pilot bits
max. transmit
power for S-CCPCH
0..25.5 dB,
step size 0.1
Transmit Power Level
PO1
PO3
Power offsets for TFCI
and TPC defined
during channel setup
Nokia Parameters for S-CCPCH Power Setting

Currently, either one or two S-CCPCHs are supported.
WCEL: PowerOffsetSCCPCHTFCI
Defines the power offset for the TFCI symbols relative to the downlink transmission power of a Secondary CCPCH.
This parameter is part of SIB 5.
P01_15/30/60
15 kbps: [0..6 dB]; step 0.25 dB; default: 2 dB
WCEL: PowerOffsetSCCPCHPilot
Defines the power offset for the pilot symbols relative to the downlink transmission power of a Secondary CCPCH.
This parameter is part of SIB 5.
P03_15/30/60
Part V
Physical Random Access
Random Access the Working Principle
Node B
UE
No response
by the
Node B
No response
by the
Node B
I just detected
a PRACH preamble
OLA!
Random Access Timing
SFN mod 2 = 0 SFN mod 2 = 0 SFN mod 2 = 1
P-CCPCH
AICH access
slots
0 1 12 8 2 11 7 5 9 6 4 13 10 3 14 0 1 2 7 5 6 4 3
5120 chips
Preamble
5120 chips
Preamble
AS # i
4096 chips
preamble-to-preamble
distance t
p-p

UE point of view
PRACH
access slots
AICH
access slots
Message
part
preamble-to-message
distance t
p-m

Acquisition
Indication
preamble-to-AI
distance t
p-a

(distances depend on AICH_Transmission_Timing )
AS # i
PRACH Sub-channels and Access Service Classes (ASC)
SFN mod 8 of the
corresponding
P-CCPCH frame
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
12
9
6
3
1
13
10
7
4
2
14
11
8
5
3
0
12
9
6
4
1
13
10
7
5
2
14
11
8
6
3
0
12
9
7
4
1
13
10
8
5
2
14
11
9
6
3
0
12
10
7
4
1
13
Sub-channel number
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
11
8
5
2
14
0
(cited from TS 25.214 V3.11.0, chap. 6.1.1)
Node B
BCCH (SIB 5, SIB 7)
UE
ASCs and their PRACH access resources + signatures,
AC mapping into ASCs
PRACH Preamble
Node B
UTRAN
BCCH
UE
RNC
P
i
P
i
P
i
P
i
Preamble Signature
(16 different versions)
16 bits
256 repetitions

PRACH Preamble Scrambling Code
512 groups of 16 preamble scrambling codes
Cells primary scrambling codes associated with preamble
scrambling code group
available signatures for random
access
available preamble scrambling
codes
available spreading factor
available sub-channels
etc.
PRACH Message Part
10 ms Frame
RACH data
L1 control data 8 Pilot bits (sequence depends on slot number) 2 TFCI bits
data
SF = 256
channelisation code:
C
CH,256,16*k+15
, with
k = signature number
SF = 256, 128, 64, or 32
channelisation code:
C
CH,SF,SF*k/16
, with
k = signature number
Scrambling code =
PRACH preamble scrambling code
PRACH Power Setting
Preamble_Initial_Power =
UL interference
+ Primary CPICH TX power CPICH_RSCP
+ Constant Value
UL interference
at Node B
1
st
preamble:
power setting
attenuation
in the DL
estimated receive level
Constant Value
Pre-
amble
Control
part
Pre-
amble
Pre-
amble
P
p-p
P
p-p
P
p-m
1..8 dB
-5..10 dB
# of preambles: 1..64 # of preamble cycles: 1..32
Acquisition Indication Channel (AICH)
Access Slot 0 Access Slot 1 Access Slot 2 Access Slot 14
20 ms Frame
a
0
a
1
a
2
a
29
a
30
a
31
=
=
15
0
j s, s j
b AI a
s
AICH signature pattern (fixed)
Acquisition Indicator
+1 if signature s is positively confirmed
-1 if signature s is negatively confirmed
0 if signature s is not included in the
set of available signatures
Nokia Parameters Related to the PRACH and AICH

In RAN1, Node B L1 shall be able to simultaneously scan 12 RACH sub-channels with 4 signatures per sub-channel from UEs situating up
to 'Cell radius' distance from the Node B site. 'Cell radius' is the maximum radius of the cell and it is given from the RNC to the Node
B. In RAN1, the maximum value for the 'Cell radius' is 20 km.
WCEL: PRACHRequiredReceivedCI
This UL required received C/I value is used by the UE to calculate the initial output power on PRACH according to the Open loop power
control procedure. This parameter is part of SIB 5.
[-35 dB..-10 dB]; step 1 dB; default -25 dB
WCEL: PowerRampSteponPRACHPreamble
UE increases the preamble transmission power when no acquisition indicator is received by UE in AICH channel. This parameter is part
of SIB 5.
[1dB..8dB]; step 1 dB; default: 2 dB
WCEL: PowerOffsetLastPreamblePrachMessage
The power offset between the last transmitted preamble and the control part of the PRACH message.
[-5 dB..10 dB]; step 1 dB; default 2dB
WCEL: PRACH_preamble_retrans
The maximum number of preambles allowed in one preamble ramping cycle, which is part of SIB5/6.
[1 ... 64]; step 1; default 8.

WCEL: RACH_tx_Max
Maximum number of RACH preamble cycles defines how many times the PRACH pre-amble ramping procedure can be
repeated before UE MAC reports a failure on RACH transmission to higher layers. This message is part of SIB5/6.
[1 ... 32]; default 8.
WCEL: PRACHScramblingCode
The scrambling code for the preamble part and the message part of a PRACH Channel, which is part of SIB5/6.
[0 ... 15]; default 0.
WCEL: AllowedPreambleSignatures
The preamble part in a PRACH channel carries one of 16 different orthogonal complex signatures. Nokia Node B
restrictions: A maximum of four signatures can be allowed (16 bit field).
[0 ... 61440]; default 15.
WCEL: AllowedRACHSubChannels
A RACH sub-channel defines a sub-set of the total set of access slots (12 bit field).
[0 ... 4095]; default 4095.

WCEL: PtxAICH
This is the transmission power of one Acquisition Indicator (AI) compared to CPICH power. This parameter is part of SIB
5.
[-22 ... 5] dB, step 1 dB; default: -8 dB.
WCEL: AICHTraTime
AICH transmission timing defines the delay between the reception of a PRACH access slot including a correctly detected
preamble and the transmission of the Acquisition Indicator in the AICH.
0 ( Delay is 0 AS), 1 ( Delay is 1 AS) ;default 0.
WCEL: RACH_Tx_NB01min
In case that a negative acknowledgement has been received by UE on AICH a backoff timer TBO1 is started to determine
when the next RACH transmission attempt will be started. The backoff timer TBO1 is set to an integer number NBO1 of 10
ms time intervals, randomly drawn within an Interval 0 s NB01min s NBO1 s NB01max (with uniform distribution).
[0 ... 50]; default: 0.
WCEL: RACH_Tx_NB01max
[0 ... 50]; default: 50.
eamble Max
eamble
N
N
Pr ,
Pr
Overload Detection in the Random Access
Signature SubRach
eamble Max
N N N =
8
5
Pr ,
time
RachOverLoadBS
RachNormalLoadBS
RACH for NRT RAB
not allowed
RACH for NRT RAB
allowed
RNC
WinRACHnormalLoadBS
(time measured in RACH indication periods)
WinRACHoverLoadBS
(time measured in RACH indication periods)

WCEL: RACHCapacity
RACH Capacity defines the HW capacity reserved for a RACH transport channel in the Node B. RACH Capacity is given
as a number of decoded RACH messages in a 10 ms radio frame.
2, 4, 8; default: 2
WCEL: RRIndPeriod
The parameter defines the reporting period of the Radio Resource Indication messages, which are used for cell based load
measurements. The Node B informs the RNC about the current load at the radio interface from the radio resource point of
view and the load of every RACH in each cell.
[100 ... 2000] ms, step 100 ms; default: 200 ms
WCEL: RACHloadIndicationPeriod
The parameter defines the reporting period of the PRACHs in a Node B. The Node B may report load figures to the RNC
in every Nth (N=1-20) NBAP Radio Resource Indication message. Value 0 of the parameter means that the BTS does not
report the load information for RACH.
[0 ... 20], step 1; default 1

WCEL: RachOverLoadBS
This parameter defines the threshold when RACH is considered to be in overload.
[0 ... 100] %, step 1 %; default 100%
WCEL: WCEL: WinRACHoverLoadBS
Parameter defines the comparison window size for RACH overload detection in RACH load indication periods.
[0 ... 100], step 1; default 1
WCEL: RachNormalLoadBS
This parameter defines the threshold when RACH is considered to be in normal load.
0 ... 100] %, step 1 %; default 100%
WCEL: WinRACHnormalLoadBS
Parameter defines the comparison window size for RACH normal load detection in RACH load indication periods.
[0 ... 100], step 1; default: 5
Part VI
Common Packet Channel
Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DPCH)
Node B
UE
No response
by the
Node B
PCPCH (access preamble)
No response
by the
Node B
AP-AICH (possitive indication)
PCPCH (collision detection preamble)
CD/CA-ICH (possitive acknowledgement)
PCPCH (power preamble & data)
A
P
A
P
t
p-p
t
p-p
t
p-cdp
CD/CA
AP-AICH CD/CA-ICH
t
p-a1
t
cdp-pcp
t
a1-cdp
t
cdp-a2
CPCH Timing

Power Control
Preamble
(0 or 8 timeslots)
data
DPCCH for CPCH
Example with Tcpch=0
adopted from TS 25.211 V3.12.0
PCPCH Timing
10 ms Frame
TPC
bits
Pilot bits
TFCI
bits
CPCH Control Command
(CCC) bits
SP = 512
DPCCH for CPCH.
10 ms Frame
TPC
bits
Pilot bits TFCI bits
Data 1 bits
DPDCH with C
CH,SF,SF/4
,
with SF = 4..256
DPCCH with C
CH,256,0
FBI bits
PCPCH message part
PCPCH Access & Collision Detection Preamble
Node B
UTRAN
BCCH
UE
RNC
P
i
P
i
P
i
P
i
Preamble Signature
(16 different versions)
16 bits
256 repetitions

PCPCH Preamble Scrambling Code
512 groups 80 (64) preamble scrambling
codes
available signatures for random access
available preamble scrambling codes
available spreading factor
available sub-channels
etc.
Nokia and the CPCH

CPCH will be supported with RAN 2.
Following Layer 1 parameters are required
Access preamble (AP) scrambling code
Access preamble signature set. The maximum number of these is 16. These can be shared with RACH or separate.
AP slot sub-channels group.
Collision detection (CD) preamble scrambling code.
CD preamble signature set. The number of these is 16 and can be shared or separate with RACH.
CD preamble slot sub-channels group
CD-AICH preamble channelisation code
CPCH scrambling code
CPCH channelisation code (variable, depends on bitrate)
DPCCH DL channelisation code
Part VI
Dedicated Physical Channel
Downlink
10 ms Frame
TPC
bits
Pilot bits
TFCI
bits
(optional)
Data 2 bits Data 1 bits
DPDCH DPDCH DPCCH DPCCH
Radio Frame
0
Radio Frame
1
Radio Frame
2
Radio Frame
71
Superframe = 720 ms
17 different slot formats
Compressed mode slot format for changed SF
& changed puncturing
TS TS
maximum bit rate
TS TS TS
discontinuous transmission with lower bit rate
Multicode usage:
TS TS TS
TS TS TS
DPCH 1
DPCH 2
DPCH 3
Power Offsets for the DPCH
Node B RNC
DCH Data Frame
Iub
UE
Uu
PO1
NBAP: RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST
TPC
bits
Pilot bits
TFCI
bits
(optional)
Data 2 bits Data 1 bits
PO3 PO2
Power offsets
TFCS
DL DPCH slot format
FDD DL TPC step size
...
P0x: 0..6 dB
step size: 0.25 dB
Nokia Parameters Related to DPCHs

RNC: PowerOffsetDLdpcchPilot
The parameter defines the power offset for the pilot symbols in relative to the data symbols in dedicated downlink physical
channel
[0 6 dB]; step size 0.25 dB; default: 3 dB for 12.2 kbps
RNC: PowerOffsetDLdpcchTpc,
The parameter defines the power offset for the TPC symbols relative to the data symbols in dedicated downlink physical
channel
[0 6 dB]; step size 0.25 dB; default: 3 dB for 12.2 kbps
RNC: PowerOffsetDLdpcchTfci,
The parameter defines the power offset for the TFCI symbols relative to the data symbols in dedicated downlink physical
channel.
[0 6 dB], step size 0.25 dB; default: 3 dB for 12.2 kbps
More details about the load management can be found in the course 3G RPLS 3.
Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
DPC_MODE = 0
unique TPC command
per TS
DPC_MODE = 1
same TPC over 3 TS,
then new command
two modes
cell
TPC
TPC
est
per
1 TS / 3 TS
UTRAN behaviour
P(k) = P(k - 1) + P
TPC
(k) + P
bal
(k),
current
DL power
power
adjustment
new
DL power
Correction term
for RL balancing
toward CPICH
P
time
P
TPC
P
bal
IF
Limited Power Increase Used = 'Not used'
P
TPC
(k) =
+ A
TPC
, if TPC
est
(k) = 1
- A
TPC
, if TPC
est
(k) = 0
A
TPC
step size: 0.5, 1, 1.5 or 2 dB
mandatory
UTRAN behaviour
P(k) = P(k - 1) + P
TPC
(k) + P
bal
(k),
current
DL power
power
adjustment
new
DL power
Correction term
for RL balancing
toward CPICH
P
time
P
TPC
P
bal
IF
Limited Power Increase Used = 'used'
DL_Power_Averaging_Window_Size
P
TPC
Power_
Raise_
Limit
K-1
TPC
est
(k) = 1 => P
TPC
(k) = 0
otherwise as
see preceding
slide
K
time
Timing Relationship between Physical Channels
SFN mod 2 = 0 SFN mod 2 = 1
P-CCPCH
AICH access
slots
0 1 12 8 2 11 7 5 9 6 4 13 10 3 14 0
SCH
n
th
S-CCPCH
t
S-CCPCH,n
k
th
S-CCPCH
t
DPCH,k
0..38144
(step size 256)
0..38144
(step size 256)
Radio Interface Synchronisation
UE
cell
1
T
0
=
1024
chips
cell
2
= target
cell for HO
Tm =
timing difference
range: 0..38399
Res.: 1 chip
SRNC
(Frame Offset, Chip Offset)
Relative timing
between DL DPCH
and P-CCPCH
range: 0..38144
res.: 256 chips
Offset
between DL DPCH
and P-CCPCH
range: 0..38399
res.: 1 chip
(Frame Offset)
(TM)
Part VI
Dedicated Physical Channel
Uplink
Uplink Dedicated Physical Channels
10 ms Frame
TPC
bits
Pilot bits
TFCI bits
(optional)
Data 1 bits
Radio Frame
0
Radio Frame
1
Radio Frame
2
Radio Frame
71
Superframe = 720 ms
DPDCH
DPCCH FBI bits
7 different
slot formats
6 different slot formats
Compressed mode slot format for
changed SF & changed puncturing
Feedback Indicator for
Closed loop mode transmit diversity, &
Site selection diversity transmission (SSDT)
Discontinuous Transmission and Power Offsets
DPCCH
DPDCH
DPCCH
DPDCH
DPCCH
DPDCH
TTI TTI TTI
UL DPDCH/DPCH Power Difference:
DPCCH
DPDCH
=
|
d
|
c
=
Nominal Power Relation Aj
two methods to determine the gain factors:
signalled for each TFCs
calculation based on reference TFCs
UL Inner Loop Power Control
time
SIR
est
SIR
target
TPC TPC_cmd
in FDD mode:
1500 times per second
UL Inner Loop Power Control
PCA2 PCA1 PCA2
algorithms for processing power control commands
TPC_cmd
PCA1
TPC_cmd for each TS
TPC_cmd values: +1, -1
step size A
TPC
: 1dB or 2dB
PCA2
TPC_cmd for 5
th
TS
TPC_cmd values: +1, 0, -1
step size A
TPC
: 1dB
UL DPCCH power adjustment: A
DPCCH
= A
TPC
TPC_cmd
km/h
0
~ 3 ~ 80
Rayleigh fading can be compensated
Power Control Algorithm 1
Example: reliable transmission
Cell 1
Cell 2
Cell 3
TPC
1
= 1 TPC
3
= 0
TPC
3
= 1

TPC_cmd = -1
Power Control Algorithm 2 (part 1)
TPC_temp
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
if all TPC-values = 1
TPC_temp = +1
if all TPC-values = 0
TPC_temp = -1
otherwise
TPC_temp = 0
Power Control Algorithm 2 (part 2)
TPC_temp
1
TPC_temp
2
TPC_temp
3
Example:
=
N
i
i
N
1
TPC_temp
1
N = 3
-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1
TPC_cmd = -1 1 0
Initial Uplink DCH Transmission
reception
at UE
trans-
mission
at UE
T
0
DPCCH only,
always based on PCA1
DPCCH & DPDCH
PCA based on RRC
0 to 7 frames for
power control preamble
DPCCH only DPCCH & DPDCH
DPCCH_Initial_power = CPICH_RSCP + DPCCH_Power_offset
Part VII
Downlink Shared Channel
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Slot 0 Slot i Slot 14
10 ms Frame
Data DPDCH
TFCI with PDSCH
association
DPCH
PDSCH
10 ms DPCH Frame 3 TS 15 TS DSCH arrival window
SF = 256..4
PDSCH Root Channelisation Tree
e.g.
SF=128 SF=256 SF=64 SF=32
PDSCH root
channelisation code
PDSCH 1
PDSCH 2
UE 1
SF = 32
UE 2
SF = 64
UE 1
SF = 64
UE 3
SF = 64
UE 1
SF = 64
UE 3
SF = 64
UE 2
SF = 128
UE 2
SF = 128
UE 3
SF = 128
BS
MS2
MS3
MS1
MS4
DSCH
Associated
DCH's
Bit rate
Power
DSCH
Associated
DCH's
DSCH bit rate
depends on location
DCH bit rate
is constant
DSCH power is
about constant
Challenges:
No SHO => effect to coverage and capacity?
Fast allocation => bursty interference and resource reservation.
Power control from DCH.
DSCH is major change for BS and RNC.
Iub resource usage => need for statistical multiplexing.
Possibilities:
Fast allocation => more efficient code and other resource usage.
User prioritization easy.
Shorter end-user delay. (Set-up delay is the same than in DCH!)
Better controllable in overload situations.
Higher peak bitrates can be used.

S02 3G RPLS2 - v2-0 The Physical Layer

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1 NOKIA topic: The Physcial Layer / July 2003 /Markus Wimmer

The Physical Layer

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