:

. .



( ) . . .
, :
, , 9: 4 ( .. 2525),
8 -27.

, ,
,

,

Benedict R. OG. Anderson,

The Studies of Thai State: The State of Thai
Studies, pp. 193-247 in Eliezer B. Ayal (ed.),
The Study of Thailand: Analyses of Knowledge,
Approaches, and Prospects in Anthropology, Art
History, History, Economics and Political Science.
Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1979.
99


:
: (Studies of the
Thai State: The State of Thai Studies)
20

25

5 1
30 .. 2521 (1978)
Association for Asian Studies (AAS)
Council on Thai Studies (COTS) South East Asia Council
AAS

The Study of Thailand: Analyses of Knowledge, Approaches, and Prospects in
Anthropology, Art History, Economics, History, and Political Science (Ohio University
Center for International Studies, SEA Program, 1978)


5 , , ,

1) Ethnography and Anthropological Interpretation in the Study

of Thailand, By Charles F. Keyes; 2) History of Art: Accomplishments and Opportunities, Hopes
and Fears, by Hiram W. Woodward, Jr.; 3) Economic Studies of Thailand, by David Feeny; 4)
Thai and Western Approaches to the Study of Thai History: Integration and Growth, by Constance
M. Wilson; 5) Studies of the Thai State: The State of Thai Studies, by Benedict R.OG Anderson.

100



(methodological approaches),
(conceptual paradigms), (theoretical stances),
(intellectual trends)









(annotations)





2521
6 2519


1970

6

6
3 ,
101



6
(.)

.
(: , 2545)

..2521
5 (modernization)
(national state)
5

centralization modernization

102


5
(consolidation of the dynastic state)
(modernization or development of a nation)
(object)
(subject) (object)

(subject)

2

5






..2480






(national state) -

, 100 :

(: , 2535)
Fred W.Riggs, Thailand: The Modernization of a Bureaucratic
Polity (Honolulu: East-West Center Press, 1966).
103

(modernization) (dynastic centralization)

.

3




5

27 ..2546
3

380.

104

. (: , 2527), 369 -


(David Wilson)1

: (1)
()

6
(Coast 1953), (Darling 1965), (Riggs
1966), (Siffin 1966), (Skinner
1958) (Wilson 1962a)
(2)
1950

(Chaloemtiarana 1974)
-
..1973-1976 (.. 25162519) (3)

20
2
(
)3
/ (topic
areas)
(4)


(Lacouture 1968), (Butwell 1963),
(Legge 1972) (Starner 1961) (5)
Neher
Modern Thai Politics ..
1976
4

1
Phillips 1976, 452
2
2 Greene 1971 Batson 1977
(Vella 1978 ) ; Wilson 1962b, Von
der Mehden 1970 Lissak 1976
Crouch, Feith, Lev, McVey
Sundhaussen
3
Skinner 1957, 1958 Coughlin 1960 Poole 1970

Flood 1977
4
(Thawatt Mokarapong), Donald Hindley (
), David Wilson, James Scott (), Clark Neher, William Siffin,
Fred Riggs (Vicharat Vichit-Vadakan)
105

(6) ()
Some Premises of American Scholarship on Thailand ..
1973
()


()
()



-

()
(1)

/

(
Feith, Van der Kroef, Holt, Pauker,
Benda) *






- -
-- ( 1962 Feith,
(review) 1964 Benda
Feith
Feith Benda 1965)
(2) -
-

Hall, Furnivall, Luce, Schrieke, Van Leur,

Herbert Feith [-] ; Justus Maria Van

der Kroef [] Indonesia in the Modern World. (Bandung: van Hoeve, 1954); Claire Holt [-]
Art in Indonesia. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1967); Guy Pauker [-]
The Role of the Military in Indonesia J.J. Johnson
(ed.) The Military in Underdeveloped Areas. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962); Harry Benda [
-] The Crescent and the Rising Sun: Indonesia Islam under the Japanese Occupation, 1942- 1945. (Bandung:
van Hoeve, 1958)

106

Stutterheim, Pigeaud, Snouck Hurgronje, Gourou,

Henry, Mus, Hayden **
( (ironical)
)

12 18





()



5

(3)
, , ,

(4)

**

D. G. E. Hall [, ] A History of Southeast Asia. (London: Macmillan, 1955;

); John Furnivall [, ] ; Gordon
Luce [, , ] The Inscriptions of Burma, 3 vols. ( Pe Maung Tin) (London: 193339); Bernard Schrieke [, , ] Indonesian Sociological Studies, 2 vols. (Bandung: van
Hoeve, 1955-57); J. C. van Leur [, , ] Indonesian Trade and Society. (Bandung:
van Hoeve, 1955); Theodor Pigeaud [, , ] Javaansche Volksvertoningen (Javanese FolkDrama). (Batavia/Jakarta: Volkslectuur, 1938); C. Snouck Hurgronje [, ] The Achehnese, 2
vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1906); Pierre Gourou [, , ] Lutilisation
du sol en Indochine franaise (Soil-utilization in French Indochina). (Paris, 1940); Yves Henry [,
] Economie Agricole de lIndochina (The Agriculture Economy of Indochina). (Hanoi: Gouvernement
Gnral de lIndochine, 1932); Paul Mus [, ] Vietnam: Sociologie dune Guerre
(Vietnam: Sociology of a War). (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1952); Ralston Hayden [, ] The
Phillippines: A Study in National Development. (New York: Macmilan, 1942)
5

2 () : Wales 1931,
Landon 1939 Thompson 1941

107

Van Mook
dArgenlieu *

Van Mook
dArgenlieu





6
(conceptual category)
(Ba Maw), (Sukarno),
(Phan Boi Chau) (Rizal)
Harrison, De Jonge,
Craddock Sarraut **

(ironies)

Habertus Van Mook (Lieutenant Governor-General)

(1945-1948)
; Admiral Georges dArgenlieu

**
Francis Harrison 1910; B.C.
De Jonge 1930; Craddock
1920?; Albert Sarraut (High Commissioner)
1910

108



(
)

(paradox)

( )
1950 1960

(
)


2
6

(ipso facto unique)

(Southeast Asianism)


()


(Barrington
Moore), (Eisenstadt)
(Samir Amin)

(constraints) 4
(
Jacobs Flood)
(axioms)

6 2519


15

(extrapolations)

(save the pheno-

McVey The Rise of Indonesian Communism (1965)

(the comparative stereotype)
[ - ]
109

mena)
-



1960
1970

(elaborating qualification)
(theorical subletting)



(a set of implicit comparisons) (
):
(1)

19 20
(2) -

(3)

(4)


(patriotic leaders)

2 /
3 4

(nationalist patriots)
7 2
1 2
-
2



8

-
David Wyatt The Politics of Reform in Thailand (1969)
4

( 378, )
8
Jacobs (iconoclastic)
Modernization without Development (1971) :

19


/
/
()

110

:
(1)

(2)
(an independent national state)
(3)

(4) /

;

( 1930

(the indirectlyruled principalities) ( ,
)
9 (


(the Netherlands
Indies) (British Burma)
10

-

... (
3, )
9
Batson (1977)
19 ,


(
18, )
10
Battye (1974)
1870 (.. 2413) 1872 (.. 2415) ()
( 118) Battye

( 120, )
( )
(protected rulers)

111

20

***

19 20
(

)

(the Meiji Oligarchs)
19

11

..1868 (..2411)






(..1873)
..1872 (..
2415)
(
)

..1894 (..2437)
-
..1905 (..2448)
( Battye 1974: 429)

6 11

1957
(.. 2500) 14 71 (Smith et al.
1968: 161) 1974 (.. 2517) 5.56
( Mabry 1977: 11) (

112


..
1840-1940 (..2383-2483)
12

( ..1885-1909 [..2428-

2452])


13 (

) .. 1917 (.. 2460) Wilson

2 (1962a: 62)

Greene .6 ..
1912 (.. 2455)

(1971: 33, )
12
Battye

(1974: 66), Skinner (1957: 30) .3
(Thai military) Battye
(1974: 20-21) 19 (
18 ) ,
,
.3 .4
.3
(sepoy) .. 1852 (.. 2395)


13
..1930 (..
2473) Nghe An Ha Tinh Yen Bay . 7
:




( Batson 1977: 183)
,
113

 )
()


(

14

!)
14
15


2

Battye (1974) (
) Battye

( 76,
)

( 133)
(the [British] Raj) (the [Dutch]
Kumpeni) ...
... ( 132) 1874 (.. 2417)
(a royal commissioner) ( 146) Battye
()
( 226)
1885 (.. 2428) (
)
1886 ( 251) 1880
1890
( 268) Battye
1905 (.. 2448) (
) 1902 ...
[] ...
... ( 429-430, )
15

[ 1920]

...
... (Batson 1977: 51) (Sir Edward Cook)
1925 (.. 2468) 23.3 %
(Batson 1977: 29)

114

 .6 16

(
)

17
(

.7 (Idrus),
(Farouk), (Haile Selassie), )

1932 (..2475)

( Jacobs 1971, 43)
(

)



1950-1976 (..
2493-2519)
(
)

16

Greene 1971 103-113

.6 .5 1873/74 (..2416/17)



Battye (1974)
1893 (.. 2436)
( 325) Henry Norman Contemporary Review (1893)
2
...( 326)
. 5 1906 (Battye
1974: 463) 1908 cette force
navale est, pour ainsi dire, nulle (Battye 1974: 533)
17
Battye Batson
Battye (1974: 263f) 1880
( )
Batson (1977:
202) 1928 (.. 2471) .7



.7

115

 18

1840 1940 )
1932 (
)


1932 (..2475)

18

(object) (subject) (
19)

19



20

.. 1968 (.. 2511) 46,000

1930 3 ( 1968
New York Times 14 .. 1968)
19
Wyatt (1969: 61) .5


?
.6 1925
(.. 2468) ( Batson 1977: 30)
20
7 Battye
(1974, )


( 454-56) 1906 (.. 2449)

( 494)

116





(the modern etiquette)

21

22

23

.6 .7

1909 (.. 2452)

( 495)
1910
, 6 13
, 5 9
1 () 2 () 20
( 519)




21
( )

22
Riggs (1966) .4
( 105)
1887 5 9
( 2 )
(Battye 1974: 270f)
.6

(Greene 1971: 92)
23



(
)
117

(sexual orientation) 24 (


(polygyny)
) 2475

25

24

20
(Royalism)
( /
)
26





1855 (..
2398)
(
)

. 6
( 6 Greene 1971

)


.6
2 2

25
2475
(Riggs 1966: 94) Batson (1977: 283)
.7

26

(object)
.6 .7 , .7 , .8
. 9

118

 Bowring
(1857, 2: 227)

...
Siffin
(1966: 48)
[]



( ) 27

75
..
2475 95%
(Darling 1965: 29)



(extraterritoriality)




Wilson (1962a: 18)
1938 (.. 2481)
[]


() 28

(national) (
)

?

(the rationalization and centralization)

.4, .5 .6

(
)



29

27

Siffin 1855
Wilson (the subject)

29
1838-1886 2 ( Kessler 1978: 41-44)
1862-1895 (Abubakar) ( Trocki 1978: 5-6)
28

119

 30

?
.5
2

19




19






(
)

(national integration)

(
Skinner )

30

Wilson Politics in Thailand (1962),
Siffin The Thai Bureaucracy (1966)
Neher Modern Thai Politics (1976)


Riggs Thailand: the Modernization of a Bureaucratic Polity (1966)
( 2 )

(an axiom view)
(Thai - land)

(
)

(
)

(British Burma)

60

/
( Siffin 1966: 48)
Siffin /

120

 (Burmans)

-


( )
(Burmese)
(Burman)
(national community)

/

31
/

()

(
.
1930)
(symptomatic)

(
) 32

( 19451947)

(2519)

31

1948 2 (Chamber of Nationalities)

Silverstein 1977
54-59
32
Wilson (1962a)
. 1930 1940 ( 120)
. 1938 1943
( 19) Jacobs (1971)
(patrimonial principle)...
( 75)
Coughlin (1960:
24-25) 1947 (.. 2490)
.

121



( Flood 1977 )







(subjects)

33
(

11 )


( )

34

Skinner (1957: 360) ( 1948)

(paradox)
()


1938 (.. 2481) (
)
(Skinner 1957: 261) Wilson
33



(Vella 1955: 327)
34
Skinner (1957: 19, 26)

.1 , .2 .3
1 4 1 8 , . 4
. 1 . 4 .5 .2 (
1 16) 1 4,
.6 .7
( )

122




35

()
36
(
)

()

2


/
37 (

4
38

)
Wilson (1976: 333,

35

Keyes (1967) Keyes

Keyes

(
)

Riggs (1966: 106)
() Riggs

36
Tambiah (1970) 375
Tambiah
( 372)
37
Wilson 1962a: 97-112 Siffin 1966: 51-63
38
1928 (.. 2471) Siffin 1966: 211-213
123

)
1950


(pre-commercial)


Economic Change in Thailand
(1955) Ingram
:

(
) 1850

1850 1950

/

?

?

39

(
)?
Riggs


39
1782-1932
(..2325-2475) ( 7
1
18.8 ) 1932-1973 (..24752516) (
12 3.3
8
) 40 2
33
( Jackson 1978)

Hanks
( ) (
1962
1975) Hanks

...
( 312)
40
Riggs 1930

(1966: 178)

( 323)

124

 (merit and
power)




41


(uniquely Thai) 42


(
) 43

()
-



1850

44
1969

41

(Hanks 1962: 107, )
42
Hanks (1962: 107) / (scene)
19



43
Riggs
1964 Phillips Wilson
(Riggs 1966: 320ff) Riggs
Phillips Wilson

( 324) Riggs
( 40)
44
Jacob (1971)


.4 ()

125








()

( )

/


(patrimonialism)

126

()

(Ur-Thai national hero)

(

)


2

(
)
/

45

46 (

1911-1946 (..2454-2489)

) 47


-

45

Skinner (1957)
19 ( 82)
19 ( 88,
)
( Furnivall 1956: 44, 53, 116-123)

19 20
46
. 6...

(Wilson 1962a: 9-10) Wilson

() ( Purcell 1951: 155)
.6 ( )
Skinner (1957)

( 160 248-249) 1911
(Batson 1977: 89) Greene (1971: 125)
1912 -
(mixed Thai - Chinese stock)
47
Purcell (1951: 192-194) 1946
2 .
1949
25
1976
127

 (
)

.3 48
1855 [ ]



1880 (Skinner 1957: 109)

?
2 (1)
(
)


(2)
(
)

48

(Skinner 1957: 114)

(Mabry 1977: 43) Skinner
(1957: 114)
1892
.5

:
1910
(1957: 115)
Skinner


(1957:
97, ) 49
... []

(1957: 97) 50
1860 Werner

Skinner (1957: 24f)

49

[] ()
50
4.5 3 1828 1909
1899 4-6 Skinner

128

...
[]
(1957: 117,
)



19 20

Skinner

(
2-3
51) : ()

52 ()

53


54
:
(revenue farms) 4
40-50%
19

(Skinner 1957: 120, ) 1905/
06 .5
10,000,000 15-20%
55 1903/04
5,700,000 2,100,000
4,200,000 (
1,000,000 Skinner
1957: 114)

[]
19

? ( Skinner 1957: 162, 123, 97)
51
-
3 5
... (Skinner 1957: 153, )
52
Skinner (1957: 125)
53
Thompson (1941: 609)
1920 50% 1 50

54
Skinner (1957: 227)

55
Skinner 1957: 121 1908/09
Skinner (1957: 226) 1910-1938 8-23
14,900,000


129


Skinner
50




Skinner

56

()

1874 (.. 2417) 57

56

(Riggs 1966: 58)

19 20
Wyatt,
Keyes, Siffin, Wilson
()
58 ()

59

Battye (1974: 22)

1840
57

1905 (Mabry 1977: 42)
58
Siffin (1966)
( 97) 1909 5
300 12 , 13 ,
23 69 (
) Siffin

(!) Siffin (.96)

Greene (1971: 261, ) .6 :
...
208 133

59
Keyes 1967: 3 Siffin 1966: 4 Siffin ( 94 80)

130

 60 ()

( .4

61)

14 (Ltat
cest moi)
(the moi-state)
()

(absolutism)


/

..2475

62

1892 ( .5 )
12,000 1899 2 2 1905 1910
( 15,000 ) 1892
60
1907 7,000 67
550 (Siffin 1966: 122)
61
Wyatt 1969: 7-9 Reynolds 1972: 3-5 7
Jacobs (1971: 260) .4


( )
62
Batson (1977: 18, ) ... [
20]
/ ...
(the Ai Kan uprising) 1925

7 (1977: 174)
20
131




(the
temporal legitimacy)
Riggs






63
1960

/
(

()

()



64

/ ,
( 19)

/

Moore (1966:
483-487)

-

-

(irony)

2


-

(
)
63
Riggs 40
64
1977 21ff.

132

 (
)

65
2
=
(the modernizing-monarchs
=patriotic-national heroes)
(
)
66




(visual distinction)

19 20


Area Handbook for Thailand (Smith et al. 1968:
182-83):
1782 (..2325)
5
[]

... 1868 (..2411)

...

Handbook

5 6

67

65

(Thai-ologists)
2
(


)
66





1900
67

133

68

69

.3

?
?
(
)? 70
?

?
1960 (
)

(
)

( 14
)

? Skinner (1957: 113-114)

.2 1824 (.. 2367)
Werner ( Skinner 1957: 117)
19 (Jakri-imported Chinese)
68

1978
69
2475
1908 (.. 2451)

/ (Greene 1971: 30)
70
Phillips (1975: 332)
17-19 ( 19?)
15

134


71

20

72





(
) (raisons dtat)
(
)

71

- :
1) Battye (1974) .5 1884

( 269, )
2) 2
(Greene
1971: 261)
3) 6: []
Sir Herbert Dering

(Greene 1971: 264)
4) 1920
6 (Batson 1977: 72)
72
Greene (1971: 426) .6 :




135


/
()
19


(
)
73



74 (

)
/



(
)
(
)
?

73

(contradictory motifs)
/ , /,
/, /
, /
()

()

() (
/)

()

Batson (1971: 79) 1930

/
74

1977: 22, 29-30.

136

3
2)


/ (

-
()



(
)
/

137


(literature review)

- , ,
,


(.. 1979)

(
)
: 1) /

2) .5-. 7 (modern nation-state)
(modernizing absolutist state)

3)

..2475

4) (bureaucratic polity)

138







symbiosis
(Palladium)

5)
- -
- -
, -

- -

- -
( .5 - .7 )
14
..2516 ..1789

6)

24
? ? ?

139


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# =
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2517 . : .
*2519 . :
.

2519 : . . 5,2 ( 2518 2519) .2-47.

2517 . . 3,3 (). .160-180.

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