IND 598_Project Two: LCA of two coffee pots

LIU Hongyang_MSD NPI

French Press Pot

Italian Moka Pot

Phase1: Assessment Goal and Scope

The goal of the assessment is to model and compare the environmental impacts of two different coffee pots over their life cycles. One is a French Press Pot
and the other is an Italian Moka Pot. This study is an exercise for a graduate level course in LCA, and is not intended for public distribution.
The functional unit for the study is 9 liquid ounces serving of hot coffee. The 9 liquid ounces was assumed as the amount of one cup of coffee. I assumed
that the French Press Pot is used for a year and a half, 180 brews per year. So, 1.5 years x 180 brews per year = 270 brews per life time. And I assumed that
the Italian Moka Pot is used for three years, 180 brews per year. So, 3 years x 180 brews per year = 540 brews per life time.
French Press Pot creates 27 liquid ounces hot coffee per brew. So, 270 brews per life time x 27 liquid ounces per brew / 9 liquid ounces as a cup of hot
coffee = 810 cups of coffee. Italian Moka Pot creates 9 liquid ounces hot coffee per brew. So, 540 brews per life time x 9 liquid ounces per brew / 9 liquid
ounces as a cup of hot coffee = 540 cups of coffee. These are the total amount of cups of coffee for each coffee pot is going to serve over their entire
lifetime.
The location the study is intended for is the United States. The time period the study is intended for 2012-2025.
The French Press Pot is manufactured in Shenzhen, China and will be used and disposed of in Tempe, AZ, the United States. And the Italian Moka Pot is
manufactured in Turin, Italian and will be used and disposed of in Tempe, AZ, the United States.
Each brew needs to use boiling water. For the French Press Pot, I assumed that it will need to use another glass kettle to boil the water. The efficiency
difference between using the glass kettle and using Italian Moka Pot directly to boil the water is excluded. French Press Pot needs to use 27 ounce water
per brew. Italian Moka Pot needs to use 9 ounce water per brew. The water evaporation will not be considered. Also, two coffee pots will be washed with
hot water and dried. In this LCA, I assumed that they will be washed by wash machine.
In this study, process inventory data was selected based on the following criteria:
- First, from North America;
- Second, if no North American data is available, eco-invent data has been used.
The impact assessment method in this exercise was CML 2 Baseline 2000 v 2.05 (excluding marine ecotoxicity), with 1995 Global normalization and no
weighting. Contribution analysis and sensitivity analysis have been applied to the assessment results to better understand the meaning of the results.

Phase2: Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

Products Description
The product dimensions of the French Press Pot is 4.2 x 5.2 x 9.3 inches; 1.1 pounds (Shipping weight: 1.43 pounds). The coffee pot was manufactured in
Shenzhen, China and shipped by transoceanic freight ship to LA, the distance is 7241 miles. Then use lorry 3.5-16t to transport it from transportation center
in LA to the local retail store, the distance is 384 miles. The coffee pot will be used and disposed of in the United States.
The product dimensions of the Italian Moka Pot is 4 x 7 x 9 inches; 1.6 pounds (Product shipping weight: 2.01 pounds). The coffee pot was manufactured in
Turin, Italian and will be used and disposed of in the United States. It is shipped by aircraft from Turin to LA, the distance is 6022 miles. Then use lorry
3.5-16t to transport it from transportation center to the local retail store. During its entire life cycle, it needs to change another gasket and use 540 pieces
paper filter. The total weight of paper filter is 1.08 lb. The paper filter and gasket were assumed made in Italian too.
In this LCA, two coffee pots need to use wash machine to clean. The wash machine needs to use 4 gallon water to clean 14 dishes each time and I assumed
that 14 dishes is a normal amount to wash by using wash machine and every time the cleaning for two coffee pots will going with other dishes. So, as for
French Press Pot, it takes 2 dishes' space while Italian Moka Pot takes 3 dishes' space. Two gallon water will be heated by electricity and gas together during
the washing process. It consumed 1.06 kWh to heat 2 gallon water by electricity and consumed 1.6 kWh to heat 2 gallon water by gas.

Flow Chart
Figure 1: flow chart of French Press Pot

Calculation
French Press Pot
Transport from plant in China to the States: 1.43 lb * 7241 miles / 2000 = 5.177 ton-mile
Transport from transportation center to retail store: 1.43 lb * 384 miles / 2000 = 0.275 ton-mile
Transport from user to recycle: 0.25 lb * 100 mile / 2000 = 0.0125 ton-mile
Transport from user to landfill: (1.43 lb 0.25 lb) * 30 mile / 2000 = 0.0177 ton-mile
Water for washing the pot: 4 gallon/per full wash * (2 parts / 14) * 180 times/per year* 1.5 years = 0.57 gallon/ per wash * 270 times = 153.9 gallon = 583 L
Natural gas to heat water: 1.6 kWh/per full wash * (2 parts / 14) * 180 times/per year* 1.5 years = 62 kWh
Electricity to heat water: 1.06 kWh/per full wash * (2 parts / 14) * 180 times/per year* 1.5 years = 41 kWh
Detergent: 20 g/per full wash * (2 parts / 14) * 180 times/per year* 1.5 years = 772 g
Italian Moka Pot
Transport from plant in Italian to the States: 3.21 lb * 6022 miles / 2000 = 9.665 ton-mile
Transport from transportation center to retail store: 3.21 lb * 6022 miles / 2000 = 0.616 ton-mile
Transport from user to recycle: 0.31 lb * 100 mile / 2000 = 0.0155 ton-mile
Transport from user to landfill: (2.01 lb 0.31 lb + 0.06 lb + 0.002 lb * 540 times) * 30 mile / 2000 = 0.0435 ton-mile
Water for washing the pot: 4 gallon/per full wash * (3 parts / 14) * 180 times/per year* 3 years = 0.86 gallon/ per wash * 540 times = 464 gallon = 1760 L
Natural gas to heat water: 1.6 kWh/per full wash * (3 parts / 14) * 180 times/per year* 3 years = 186 kWh
Electricity to heat water: 1.06 kWh/per full wash * (3 parts / 14) * 180 times/per year* 3 years = 123 kWh
Detergent: 20 g/per full wash * (3 parts / 14) * 180 times/per year* 3 years = 2315 g

Materials and Processes

Table 2.1: The materials and processes of French Press Pot (including quantities and units)
Materials and Processes

Quantities

Units

Assumption

Glass beaker: Glass tube, borosilicate, at plant/DE U

0.65

lb

Plastic for the handle and base: Polypropylene, granulate, at plant/RER U

0.13

lb

Base of 3-part stainless steel plunger: Steel, low-alloyed, at plant/RER U

0.12

lb

Support of 3-part stainless steel plunger: Chromium steel 18/8, at plant/RER U

0.2

lb

Plastic packaging: Polystyrene, general purpose, GPPS, at plant/RER U

0.08

lb

Cardboard box packaging: Corrugated board, recycling fibre, single wall, at plant/RER U

0.25

lb

Plastic handle and base manufacture: Injection moulding/RER U

0.13

lb

Base of plunger manufacture: Sheet rolling, steel/RER U

0.12

lb

Base of plunger manufacture: Heat treatment, cold impact extrusion, steel/RER U

0.12

lb

Support of plunger manufacture: Heat treatment, hot impact extrusion, steel/RER U

0.2

lb

Support of plunger manufacture: Drawing of pipes, steel/RER U

0.2

lb

Transport from plant in China to the States: Transport, transoceanic freight ship/OCE U

5.177

tmi*

Ship distance is 7241 miles

Transport from transportation center to retail store: Transport, lorry 3.5-16t, fleet average/RER U

0.275

tmi*

Driving distance is 384 miles

Transport from user to recycle: Transport, municipal waste collection, lorry 21t/CH U

0.0125

tmi*

The distance is 100 miles

Transport from user to landfill: Transport, municipal waste collection, lorry 21t/CH U

0.0177

tmi*

The distance is 30 miles

Water for washing the pot: Tap water, at user/RER U

583

kg

As 2 dishes usage: 0.57 gallon/per

Natural gas to heat water: Electricity, hard coal, at power plant/US U

62

kWh

As 2 dishes usage: 0.229Kwh/per

Electricity to heat water: Electricity, low voltage, at grid/US U

41

kWh

As 2 dishes usage: 0.151 Kwh/per

Detergent: Soap, at plant/RER U

772

As 2 dishes usage: 2.86 g/per

Energy usage for boiling water: Boiling of water on stove

216

Use 27 ounces per brew

Disposal glass beaker: Disposal, glass, 0% water, to inert material landfill/CH U

0.65

lb

Disposal plastic handle and base: Disposal, polypropylene, 15.9% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

0.13

lb

Disposal plastic packaging: Disposal, polystyrene, 0.2% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

0.08

lb

Disposal 3-part stainless steel plunger: Disposal, tin sheet, 0% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

0.32

lb

Recycling cardboard packaging: Recycling cardboard/RER U

0.25

lb

Substitute

Table 2.2: The materials and processes of Italian Moka Pot (including quantities and units)
Materials and Processes

Quantities

Units

Assumption

Substitute

The aluminium body of pot: Aluminium alloy, AlMg3, at plant/RER U

1.3

lb

Plastic for the handle: Polypropylene, granulate, at plant/RER U

0.15

lb

Screw valve: Steel, low-alloyed, at plant/RER U

0.09

lb

Gasket: Synthetic rubber, at plant/RER U

0.12

lb

Plastic packaging: Polystyrene, general purpose, GPPS, at plant/RER U

0.1

lb

Cardboard box packaging: Corrugated board, recycling fibre, single wall, at plant/RER U

0.31

lb

Aluminium manufacture: Heat treatment, cold impact extrusion, aluminium/RER U

1.3

lb

Plastic handle manufacture: Injection moulding/RER U

0.15

lb

Screw valve manufacture: Deep drawing, steel, 3500 kN press, automode operation/RER U

0.09

lb

Gasket manufacture: Thermoforming, with calendering/RER U

0.12

lb

Transport from plant in Italian to the States: Operation, aircraft, freight, intercontinental/RER U

9.665

tmi*

Flight distance is 6022 miles

Transport from transportation center to retail store: Transport, lorry 3.5-16t, fleet average/RER U

0.616

tmi*

Driving distance is 384 miles

Transport from user to recycle: Transport, municipal waste collection, lorry 21t/CH U

0.0155

tmi*

The distance is 100 miles

Transport from user to landfill: Transport, municipal waste collection, lorry 21t/CH U

0.0435

tmi*

The distance is 30 miles

Water for washing the pot: Tap water, at user/RER U

1760

kg

As 3 dishes usage: 0.86 gallon/per

Natural gas to heat water: Electricity, hard coal, at power plant/US U

186

kWh

As 3 dishes usage: 0.345Kwh/per

Electricity to heat water: Electricity, low voltage, at grid/US U

123

kWh

As 3 dishes usage: 0.227 Kwh/per

Detergent: Soap, at plant/RER U

2315

As 3 dishes usage: 4.29 g/per

Energy usage for boiling water: Boiling of water on stove

146

Use 9 ounces per brew

Paper filter: Sulphate pulp, TCF bleached, at plant/RER U

0.918

lb

0.002 lb paper filter contain 85% pulp

Paper filter: Yarn production, cotton fibres/GLO U

0.162

lb

0.002 lb paper filter contain 15% yarn

Yarn for paper filter

Paper filter manufacture: Yarn, cotton, at plant/GLO U

0.162

lb

0.002 lb paper filter contain 15% yarn

Yarn for paper filter

Disposal aluminium: Disposal, aluminium, 0% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

1.3

lb

Disposal plastic handle : Disposal, polypropylene, 15.9% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

0.15

lb

Disposal screw valve: Disposal, tin sheet, 0% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

0.09

lb

Disposal gasket: Landfill of plastic waste EU-27

0.12

lb

Disposal plastic packaging: Disposal, polystyrene, 0.2% water, to sanitary landfill/CH U

0.1

lb

Disposal paper filter: Landfill of paper waste EU-27

1.08

lb

Recycling cardboard packaging: Recycling cardboard/RER U

0.31

lb

Use 2 gaskets for the entire lifetime

rubber
Paper filter

Several steps in the life cycle of the product were excluded in this study (The following materials and processes were excluded because they were assumed
to have negligible effect on the outcome of the study):
- Coffee bean's production, distribution and disposal were not considered in this analysis.
- The difference of energy usage for boiling water between using glass kettle and using Italian Moka Pot directly. (I assumed that the energy used is the
same in two different containers to boil the water.)
- Transportation of coffee pots from retail store to user's home
- Transportation of soap from retail store to user's home
- Transportation of paper filter and replacement gasket from retail store to user's home
- Transportation of the gasket replacement from retail store to user's home
- Waste water used to wash coffee pots
- The package of paper filter and replacement gasket
- Manufacture of cardboard packaging
The primary differences between the two data sets for the two coffee pots is the mean material of the French Press Pot is borosilicate glass while the mean
material of Italian Moka Pot is aluminum alloy, and contains rubber. The rubber in the Italian Moka Pot can directly influence the manufacture process and
final landfill process. And the gasket which was made by rubber on the Italian Moka Pot will need one more for the pot's entire lifetime as the replacement.
For Italian Moka Pot, each brew will need one piece of paper filter. So in the entire whole life it will need 540 pieces paper filter. Each paper filter weight
0.002 lb.

Phase3: Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Note: The impact elements can be broke in the graphs into following phases
Material
Manufacturing

Distribution

Use

End of life

production

The characterized impacts of the two coffee pots before adjusting to the functional unit are shown in Table 3.1 and Table 3.2.
Table 3.1 French Press Pot characterized impacts before adjusting to the functional unit

Impact category

Abiotic
depletion

Global
Eutrophicati warming
Acidification on
(GWP100)

Ozone layer
depletion
Human
(ODP)
toxicity

Fresh water
aquatic
Terrestrial
ecotox.
ecotoxicity

Photochemi
cal
oxidation

Unit
kg Sb eq
kg SO2 eq
kg PO4--- eq kg CO2 eq
kg CFC-11 eq kg 1,4-DB eq kg 1,4-DB eq kg 1,4-DB eq kg C2H4 eq
Glass tube, borosilicate
4.82E-03
2.54E-03
1.30E-03
6.31E-01
5.58E-08
1.65E-01
1.92E-01
4.75E-04
7.50E-05
Polypropylene, granulate
1.91E-03
3.66E-04
3.96E-05
1.15E-01
2.70E-11
3.70E-03
1.50E-03
6.12E-06
2.48E-05
Steel, low-alloyed
7.71E-04
3.49E-04
2.09E-04
9.21E-02
3.47E-09
3.85E-01
1.10E-01
1.78E-03
4.69E-05
Chromium steel 18/8
2.92E-03
2.04E-03
7.44E-04
3.93E-01
1.73E-08
7.01E+00
1.22E+00
9.72E-03
1.23E-04
Polystyrene, general purpose
1.43E-03
4.16E-04
3.23E-05
1.25E-01
5.09E-11
9.25E-03
3.30E-03
1.83E-05
2.71E-05
Corrugated board, recycling fibre, single wall 7.51E-04
2.52E-04
1.64E-04
1.06E-01
9.73E-09
2.25E-02
2.35E-02
2.13E-04
1.62E-05
Injection moulding
6.27E-04
2.83E-04
1.64E-04
7.63E-02
3.63E-08
3.11E-02
2.61E-02
1.46E-04
1.38E-05
Sheet rolling, steel
1.58E-04
7.14E-05
4.03E-05
1.91E-02
1.16E-09
7.79E-03
2.11E-02
4.15E-05
6.83E-06
Heat treatment, cold impact extrusion, steel 8.12E-05
6.73E-06
1.03E-06
9.48E-03
1.16E-09
9.69E-04
5.55E-05
6.42E-07
6.17E-07
Heat treatment, hot impact extrusion, steel 1.30E-05
1.07E-06
1.65E-07
1.51E-03
1.85E-10
1.55E-04
8.86E-06
1.02E-07
9.85E-08
Drawing of pipes, steel
1.66E-04
9.24E-05
6.13E-05
3.87E-02
3.82E-09
1.06E-02
3.03E-02
2.45E-04
8.05E-06
Transport, transoceanic freight ship
4.32E-04
1.71E-03
1.49E-04
6.67E-02
8.45E-09
4.58E-02
1.17E-03
9.45E-05
5.33E-05
Transport, lorry 3.5-16t
5.01E-04
4.38E-04
1.02E-04
8.08E-02
1.20E-08
6.66E-03
1.10E-03
4.12E-05
1.03E-05
Transport, municipal waste collection
1.45E-04
1.01E-04
2.18E-05
2.29E-02
3.46E-09
3.77E-03
2.73E-04
8.22E-06
3.82E-06
Transport, municipal waste collection
2.05E-04
1.43E-04
3.09E-05
3.25E-02
4.90E-09
5.34E-03
3.87E-04
1.16E-05
5.40E-06
Tap water, at user
1.01E-03
6.69E-04
4.52E-04
1.39E-01
6.25E-09
6.31E-02
7.51E-02
3.11E-04
4.72E-05
Electricity, hard coal
5.33E-01
4.67E-01
1.39E-01
7.28E+01
4.23E-07
2.92E+01
2.48E+01
7.02E-02
1.66E-02
Electricity, low voltage
2.49E-01
2.43E-01
6.05E-02
3.36E+01
8.64E-07
1.50E+01
1.11E+01
4.39E-02
9.51E-03
Soap, at plant
4.27E-03
4.73E-03
2.90E-03
1.21E+00
5.59E-08
4.29E-01
1.17E+00
4.80E-01
2.23E-03
Boiling of water on stove
1.77E-01
1.83E-02
4.46E-03
2.54E+01
5.16E-07
5.36E+00
5.01E-01
3.68E-03
1.03E-03
Disposal, glass
4.71E-06
5.49E-06
1.21E-06
7.23E-04
9.29E-11
4.13E-04
1.03E-05
2.62E-07
1.32E-07
Disposal, polypropylene
1.70E-06
1.99E-06
2.60E-04
4.93E-03
3.31E-11
1.16E-01
2.99E-01
2.40E-06
9.93E-07
Disposal, polystyrene
1.05E-06
1.25E-06
2.03E-04
3.76E-03
2.05E-11
1.94E-02
4.41E-02
2.81E-05
7.58E-07
Disposal, tin sheet
5.20E-06
5.39E-06
1.31E-06
8.03E-04
9.98E-11
1.65E-03
4.84E-02
7.32E-07
1.43E-07
Recycling cardboard/RER U
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00

Table 3.2 Italian Moka Pot characterized impacts before adjusting to the functional unit
Global
Abiotic
Eutrophicati warming
Impact category
depletion
Acidification on
(GWP100)
Unit
kg Sb eq
kg SO2 eq
kg PO4--- eq kg CO2 eq
Aluminium alloy, AlMg3
1.41E-02
1.02E-02
4.24E-03
3.34E+00
Polypropylene, granulate
2.20E-03
4.22E-04
4.57E-05
1.33E-01
Steel, low-alloyed
5.78E-04
2.62E-04
1.57E-04
6.91E-02
Synthetic rubber
2.02E-03
5.34E-04
1.67E-04
1.36E-01
Polystyrene, general purpose
1.79E-03
5.21E-04
4.03E-05
1.57E-01
Corrugated board, recycling fibre, single wall
9.31E-04
3.13E-04
2.04E-04
1.32E-01
Heat treatment, cold impact extrusion, aluminium
6.92E-04
5.74E-05
8.81E-06
8.09E-02
Injection moulding
7.23E-04
3.27E-04
1.89E-04
8.80E-02
Deep drawing, steel, 3500 kN press
4.70E-05
1.68E-05
1.82E-05
1.06E-02
Thermoforming, with calendering
3.14E-04
1.75E-04
1.03E-04
4.11E-02
Operation, aircraft, freight, intercontinental
9.41E-02
5.61E-02
1.01E-02
1.46E+01
Transport, lorry 3.5-16t
1.12E-03
9.81E-04
2.28E-04
1.81E-01
Transport, municipal waste collection
1.79E-04
1.25E-04
2.71E-05
2.84E-02
Transport, municipal waste collection
5.03E-04
3.51E-04
7.60E-05
7.98E-02
Tap water, at user
3.05E-03
2.02E-03
1.36E-03
4.20E-01
Electricity, hard coal
1.60E+00
1.40E+00
4.17E-01
2.18E+02
Electricity, low voltage
7.47E-01
7.30E-01
1.82E-01
1.01E+02
Soap, at plant
1.28E-02
1.42E-02
8.70E-03
3.64E+00
Boiling of water on stove
1.20E-01
1.24E-02
3.01E-03
1.72E+01
Sulphate pulp, TCF bleached
1.08E-03
1.62E-03
5.59E-04
1.63E-01
Yarn production, cotton fibres
4.83E-03
7.02E-03
8.20E-04
7.59E-01
Yarn, cotton, at plant
5.76E-03
9.87E-03
2.67E-03
1.01E+00
Disposal, aluminium, 0% water, to sanitary landfill
4.75E-05
3.75E-05
1.07E-05
7.64E-03
Disposal, polypropylene
1.96E-06
2.30E-06
3.00E-04
5.69E-03
Disposal, tin sheet
1.46E-06
1.51E-06
3.69E-07
2.26E-04
Landfill of plastic waste
2.88E-05
1.27E-05
2.53E-05
3.79E-03
Disposal, polystyrene
1.31E-06
1.57E-06
2.54E-04
4.70E-03
Landfill of paper waste
2.59E-04
1.85E-04
3.20E-04
4.07E-01
Recycling cardboard
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00

Ozone layer
depletion
Human
(ODP)
toxicity
kg CFC-11 eq kg 1,4-DB eq
1.37E-07
7.42E+00
3.11E-11
4.26E-03
2.60E-09
2.89E-01
3.42E-08
4.62E-02
6.36E-11
1.16E-02
1.21E-08
2.78E-02
9.92E-09
8.27E-03
4.19E-08
3.59E-02
6.70E-10
2.78E-03
1.96E-09
1.57E-02
1.84E-06
1.17E+01
2.68E-08
1.49E-02
4.29E-09
4.67E-03
1.20E-08
1.31E-02
1.89E-08
1.91E-01
1.27E-06
8.77E+01
2.59E-06
4.50E+01
1.67E-07
1.29E+00
3.49E-07
3.62E+00
1.45E-08
9.56E-02
8.81E-09
2.11E-01
2.71E-08
2.98E-01
8.76E-10
4.00E-03
3.82E-11
1.33E-01
2.81E-11
4.65E-04
1.51E-10
9.70E-05
2.56E-11
2.43E-02
1.36E-09
1.02E-03
0.00E+00
0.00E+00

Fresh water
aquatic
Terrestrial
ecotox.
ecotoxicity
kg 1,4-DB eq kg 1,4-DB eq
1.31E+00
6.98E-03
1.73E-03
7.06E-06
8.28E-02
1.33E-03
2.49E-02
2.11E-04
4.13E-03
2.29E-05
2.92E-02
2.64E-04
4.74E-04
5.48E-06
3.01E-02
1.69E-04
1.15E-02
1.35E-05
1.72E-02
1.03E-04
1.88E-01
5.63E-03
2.46E-03
9.23E-05
3.39E-04
1.02E-05
9.51E-04
2.86E-05
2.27E-01
9.40E-04
7.44E+01
2.11E-01
3.34E+01
1.32E-01
3.50E+00
1.44E+00
3.39E-01
2.48E-03
4.26E-02
8.87E-04
1.50E-01
9.78E-04
7.44E-01
5.96E-02
1.11E-02
7.12E-06
3.45E-01
2.77E-06
1.36E-02
2.06E-07
1.18E-05
2.82E-06
5.52E-02
3.51E-05
3.72E-05
1.54E-05
0.00E+00
0.00E+00

Photochemi
cal
oxidation
kg C2H4 eq
7.76E-04
2.86E-05
3.52E-05
2.90E-05
3.39E-05
2.01E-05
5.27E-06
1.60E-05
8.30E-07
7.19E-06
2.32E-03
2.32E-05
4.73E-06
1.33E-05
1.42E-04
4.99E-02
2.85E-02
6.69E-03
6.95E-04
6.17E-05
2.67E-04
2.97E-04
1.24E-06
1.15E-06
4.02E-08
8.43E-07
9.48E-07
8.89E-05
0.00E+00

The characterized impacts of the two coffee pots after adjusting to the functional unit are shown in Table 3.3 and Table 3.4.
Table 3.3 French Press Pot characterized impacts per 9 liquid ounces serving of hot coffee
Global
Abiotic
Eutrophicati warming
Impact category
depletion
Acidification on
(GWP100)
Unit
kg Sb eq
kg SO2 eq
kg PO4--- eq kg CO2 eq
Glass tube, borosilicate
5.95E-06
3.13E-06
1.61E-06
7.79E-04
Polypropylene, granulate
2.36E-06
4.51E-07
4.89E-08
1.43E-04
Steel, low-alloyed
9.52E-07
4.31E-07
2.58E-07
1.14E-04
Chromium steel 18/8
3.61E-06
2.52E-06
9.19E-07
4.86E-04
Polystyrene, general purpose
1.77E-06
5.14E-07
3.98E-08
1.55E-04
Corrugated board, recycling fibre, single wall 9.27E-07
3.11E-07
2.03E-07
1.31E-04
Injection moulding
7.74E-07
3.49E-07
2.02E-07
9.42E-05
Sheet rolling, steel
1.95E-07
8.81E-08
4.98E-08
2.36E-05
Heat treatment, cold impact extrusion, steel 1.00E-07
8.31E-09
1.27E-09
1.17E-05
Heat treatment, hot impact extrusion, steel 1.60E-08
1.33E-09
2.03E-10
1.87E-06
Drawing of pipes, steel
2.05E-07
1.14E-07
7.56E-08
4.77E-05
Transport, transoceanic freight ship
5.33E-07
2.11E-06
1.84E-07
8.24E-05
Transport, lorry 3.5-16t
6.18E-07
5.41E-07
1.26E-07
9.97E-05
Transport, municipal waste collection
1.79E-07
1.24E-07
2.69E-08
2.83E-05
Transport, municipal waste collection
2.53E-07
1.76E-07
3.82E-08
4.01E-05
Tap water, at user
1.25E-06
8.26E-07
5.58E-07
1.72E-04
Electricity, hard coal
6.57E-04
5.77E-04
1.71E-04
8.98E-02
Electricity, low voltage
3.07E-04
3.00E-04
7.47E-05
4.15E-02
Soap, at plant
5.28E-06
5.84E-06
3.58E-06
1.50E-03
Boiling of water on stove
2.19E-04
2.26E-05
5.50E-06
3.14E-02
Disposal, glass
5.82E-09
6.78E-09
1.50E-09
8.93E-07
Disposal, polypropylene
2.10E-09
2.46E-09
3.22E-07
6.09E-06
Disposal, polystyrene
1.30E-09
1.55E-09
2.51E-07
4.64E-06
Disposal, tin sheet
6.42E-09
6.65E-09
1.62E-09
9.92E-07
Recycling cardboard/RER U
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00

Ozone layer
depletion
Human
(ODP)
toxicity
kg CFC-11 eq kg 1,4-DB eq
6.89E-11
2.04E-04
3.33E-14
4.56E-06
4.28E-12
4.75E-04
2.13E-11
8.65E-03
6.28E-14
1.14E-05
1.20E-11
2.77E-05
4.49E-11
3.84E-05
1.43E-12
9.62E-06
1.43E-12
1.20E-06
2.29E-13
1.91E-07
4.72E-12
1.31E-05
1.04E-11
5.65E-05
1.48E-11
8.22E-06
4.27E-12
4.65E-06
6.05E-12
6.59E-06
7.72E-12
7.79E-05
5.22E-10
3.61E-02
1.07E-09
1.85E-02
6.90E-11
5.30E-04
6.37E-10
6.62E-03
1.15E-13
5.10E-07
4.09E-14
1.43E-04
2.53E-14
2.40E-05
1.23E-13
2.04E-06
0.00E+00
0.00E+00

Fresh water
aquatic
Terrestrial
ecotox.
ecotoxicity
kg 1,4-DB eq kg 1,4-DB eq
2.38E-04
5.87E-07
1.85E-06
7.55E-09
1.36E-04
2.20E-06
1.51E-03
1.20E-05
4.08E-06
2.26E-08
2.91E-05
2.63E-07
3.22E-05
1.80E-07
2.61E-05
5.13E-08
6.85E-08
7.92E-10
1.09E-08
1.26E-10
3.74E-05
3.02E-07
1.45E-06
1.17E-07
1.36E-06
5.09E-08
3.38E-07
1.01E-08
4.78E-07
1.44E-08
9.27E-05
3.84E-07
3.06E-02
8.67E-05
1.38E-02
5.41E-05
1.44E-03
5.93E-04
6.19E-04
4.54E-06
1.27E-08
3.23E-10
3.69E-04
2.96E-09
5.45E-05
3.47E-08
5.98E-05
9.04E-10
0.00E+00
0.00E+00

Photochemi
cal
oxidation
kg C2H4 eq
9.26E-08
3.06E-08
5.79E-08
1.52E-07
3.34E-08
2.00E-08
1.71E-08
8.44E-09
7.62E-10
1.22E-10
9.94E-09
6.58E-08
1.28E-08
4.71E-09
6.67E-09
5.82E-08
2.06E-05
1.17E-05
2.76E-06
1.27E-06
1.63E-10
1.23E-09
9.36E-10
1.76E-10
0.00E+00

Table 3.4 Italian Moka Pot characterized impacts per 9 liquid ounces serving of hot coffee

Impact category

Abiotic
depletion

Global
Eutrophicati warming
Acidification on
(GWP100)

Ozone layer
depletion
Human
(ODP)
toxicity

Unit

kg Sb eq

kg SO2 eq

kg CFC-11 eq kg 1,4-DB eq kg 1,4-DB eq kg 1,4-DB eq kg C2H4 eq

kg PO4--- eq

kg CO2 eq

Fresh water
aquatic
Terrestrial
ecotox.
ecotoxicity

Photochemi
cal
oxidation

Aluminium alloy, AlMg3

2.62E-05

1.88E-05

7.85E-06

6.19E-03

2.54E-10

1.37E-02

2.42E-03

1.29E-05

1.44E-06

Polypropylene, granulate

4.08E-06

7.81E-07

8.46E-08

2.47E-04

5.77E-14

7.90E-06

3.20E-06

1.31E-08

5.30E-08

Steel, low-alloyed

1.07E-06

4.84E-07

2.90E-07

1.28E-04

4.82E-12

5.34E-04

1.53E-04

2.47E-06

6.52E-08

Synthetic rubber

3.75E-06

9.89E-07

3.10E-07

2.52E-04

6.33E-11

8.55E-05

4.61E-05

3.91E-07

5.36E-08

Polystyrene, general purpose

3.31E-06

9.64E-07

7.47E-08

2.90E-04

1.18E-13

2.14E-05

7.64E-06

4.24E-08

6.27E-08

Corrugated board, recycling fibre, single wall

1.72E-06

5.79E-07

3.77E-07

2.44E-04

2.23E-11

5.16E-05

5.41E-05

4.90E-07

3.72E-08

Heat treatment, cold impact extrusion, aluminium

1.28E-06

1.06E-07

1.63E-08

1.50E-04

1.84E-11

1.53E-05

8.77E-07

1.01E-08

9.75E-09

Injection moulding

1.34E-06

6.05E-07

3.49E-07

1.63E-04

7.76E-11

6.65E-05

5.58E-05

3.12E-07

2.96E-08

Deep drawing, steel, 3500 kN press

8.70E-08

3.12E-08

3.37E-08

1.96E-05

1.24E-12

5.15E-06

2.12E-05

2.51E-08

1.54E-09

Thermoforming, with calendering

5.81E-07

3.25E-07

1.92E-07

7.61E-05

3.64E-12

2.91E-05

3.18E-05

1.92E-07

1.33E-08

Operation, aircraft, freight, intercontinental

1.74E-04

1.04E-04

1.86E-05

2.70E-02

3.41E-09

2.18E-02

3.49E-04

1.04E-05

4.29E-06

Transport, lorry 3.5-16t

2.08E-06

1.82E-06

4.22E-07

3.35E-04

4.97E-11

2.76E-05

4.56E-06

1.71E-07

4.29E-08

Transport, municipal waste collection

3.32E-07

2.31E-07

5.01E-08

5.27E-05

7.95E-12

8.66E-06

6.28E-07

1.89E-08

8.76E-09

Transport, municipal waste collection

9.32E-07

6.49E-07

1.41E-07

1.48E-04

2.23E-11

2.43E-05

1.76E-06

5.30E-08

2.46E-08

Tap water, at user

5.65E-06

3.74E-06

2.53E-06

7.78E-04

3.50E-11

3.53E-04

4.20E-04

1.74E-06

2.64E-07

Electricity, hard coal

2.96E-03

2.60E-03

7.72E-04

4.04E-01

2.35E-09

1.62E-01

1.38E-01

3.90E-04

9.25E-05

Electricity, low voltage

1.38E-03

1.35E-03

3.36E-04

1.87E-01

4.80E-09

8.33E-02

6.19E-02

2.44E-04

5.28E-05

Soap, at plant

2.37E-05

2.63E-05

1.61E-05

6.74E-03

3.10E-10

2.38E-03

6.47E-03

2.67E-03

1.24E-05

Boiling of water on stove

2.22E-04

2.29E-05

5.58E-06

3.18E-02

6.46E-10

6.71E-03

6.27E-04

4.60E-06

1.29E-06

Sulphate pulp, TCF bleached

2.00E-06

3.00E-06

1.04E-06

3.01E-04

2.68E-11

1.77E-04

7.88E-05

1.64E-06

1.14E-07

Yarn production, cotton fibres

8.94E-06

1.30E-05

1.52E-06

1.41E-03

1.63E-11

3.91E-04

2.78E-04

1.81E-06

4.94E-07

Yarn, cotton, at plant

1.07E-05

1.83E-05

4.95E-06

1.86E-03

5.01E-11

5.53E-04

1.38E-03

1.10E-04

5.51E-07

Disposal, aluminium, 0% water, to sanitary landfill

8.80E-08

6.95E-08

1.97E-08

1.42E-05

1.62E-12

7.40E-06

2.06E-05

1.32E-08

2.30E-09

Disposal, polypropylene

3.63E-09

4.26E-09

5.56E-07

1.05E-05

7.08E-14

2.47E-04

6.39E-04

5.12E-09

2.12E-09

Disposal, tin sheet

2.71E-09

2.81E-09

6.82E-10

4.18E-07

5.20E-14

8.61E-07

2.52E-05

3.82E-10

7.44E-11

Landfill of plastic waste

5.34E-08

2.35E-08

4.68E-08

7.02E-06

2.80E-13

1.80E-07

2.19E-08

5.22E-09

1.56E-09

Disposal, polystyrene

2.43E-09

2.90E-09

4.70E-07

8.70E-06

4.74E-14

4.50E-05

1.02E-04

6.50E-08

1.75E-09

Landfill of paper waste

4.80E-07

3.42E-07

5.93E-07

7.53E-04

2.52E-12

1.89E-06

6.89E-08

2.85E-08

1.65E-07

Recycling cardboard

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

The normalized impacts of the two coffee pots after adjusting to the functional unit are shown in Table 3.5 and Table 3.6.

Table 3.5 French Press Pot normalized impacts per 9 liquid ounces serving of hot coffee
Global
Ozone layer
Fresh water
Photochemi
Abiotic
Eutrophicati warming
depletion
Human
aquatic
Terrestrial cal
Impact category
depletion
Acidification on
(GWP100)
(ODP)
toxicity
ecotox.
ecotoxicity oxidation
Unit
9 liquid ounces serving of hot coffee
Glass tube, borosilicate
3.80E-17
9.74E-18
1.21E-17
1.88E-17
1.34E-19
3.57E-18
1.16E-16
2.18E-18
9.63E-19
Polypropylene, granulate
1.51E-17
1.40E-18
3.69E-19
3.44E-18
6.46E-23
7.98E-20
9.07E-19
2.81E-20
3.19E-19
Steel, low-alloyed
6.08E-18
1.34E-18
1.95E-18
2.74E-18
8.31E-21
8.31E-18
6.68E-17
8.17E-18
6.02E-19
Chromium steel 18/8
2.30E-17
7.84E-18
6.95E-18
1.17E-17
4.14E-20
1.51E-16
7.37E-16
4.46E-17
1.58E-18
Polystyrene, general purpose
1.13E-17
1.60E-18
3.01E-19
3.73E-18
1.22E-22
2.00E-19
2.00E-18
8.41E-20
3.48E-19
Corrugated board, recycling fibre, single wall 5.92E-18
9.68E-19
1.53E-18
3.16E-18
2.33E-20
4.85E-19
1.42E-17
9.80E-19
2.08E-19
Injection moulding
4.95E-18
1.09E-18
1.53E-18
2.27E-18
8.70E-20
6.72E-19
1.58E-17
6.71E-19
1.78E-19
Sheet rolling, steel
1.25E-18
2.74E-19
3.76E-19
5.68E-19
2.77E-21
1.68E-19
1.28E-17
1.91E-19
8.77E-20
Heat treatment, cold impact extrusion, steel 6.40E-19
2.58E-20
9.63E-21
2.82E-19
2.78E-21
2.09E-20
3.36E-20
2.95E-21
7.92E-21
Heat treatment, hot impact extrusion, steel 1.02E-19
4.12E-21
1.54E-21
4.50E-20
4.44E-22
3.34E-21
5.36E-21
4.70E-22
1.26E-21
Drawing of pipes, steel
1.31E-18
3.55E-19
5.72E-19
1.15E-18
9.15E-21
2.28E-19
1.83E-17
1.12E-18
1.03E-19
Transport, transoceanic freight ship
3.41E-18
6.58E-18
1.39E-18
1.99E-18
2.02E-20
9.89E-19
7.10E-19
4.34E-19
6.85E-19
Transport, lorry 3.5-16t
3.95E-18
1.68E-18
9.51E-19
2.40E-18
2.87E-20
1.44E-19
6.65E-19
1.89E-19
1.33E-19
Transport, municipal waste collection
1.14E-18
3.87E-19
2.04E-19
6.83E-19
8.29E-21
8.15E-20
1.65E-19
3.78E-20
4.90E-20
Transport, municipal waste collection
1.62E-18
5.48E-19
2.88E-19
9.66E-19
1.17E-20
1.15E-19
2.34E-19
5.35E-20
6.94E-20
Tap water, at user
7.97E-18
2.57E-18
4.22E-18
4.14E-18
1.50E-20
1.36E-18
4.54E-17
1.43E-18
6.06E-19
Electricity, hard coal
4.20E-15
1.79E-15
1.30E-15
2.17E-15
1.01E-18
6.31E-16
1.50E-14
3.22E-16
2.14E-16
Electricity, low voltage
1.96E-15
9.34E-16
5.65E-16
1.00E-15
2.07E-18
3.24E-16
6.74E-15
2.01E-16
1.22E-16
Soap, at plant
3.37E-17
1.82E-17
2.71E-17
3.61E-17
1.34E-19
9.28E-18
7.05E-16
2.21E-15
2.87E-17
Boiling of water on stove
1.40E-15
7.03E-17
4.16E-17
7.56E-16
1.24E-18
1.16E-16
3.03E-16
1.69E-17
1.32E-17
Disposal, glass
3.72E-20
2.11E-20
1.13E-20
2.15E-20
2.23E-22
8.93E-21
6.23E-21
1.20E-21
1.70E-21
Disposal, polypropylene
1.34E-20
7.66E-21
2.43E-18
1.47E-19
7.94E-23
2.50E-18
1.81E-16
1.10E-20
1.27E-20
Disposal, polystyrene
8.28E-21
4.81E-21
1.90E-18
1.12E-19
4.91E-23
4.20E-19
2.67E-17
1.29E-19
9.73E-21
Disposal, tin sheet
4.10E-20
2.07E-20
1.22E-20
2.39E-20
2.39E-22
3.57E-20
2.93E-17
3.36E-21
1.83E-21
Recycling cardboard/RER U
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00

Table 3.6 Italian Moka Pot normalized impacts per 9 liquid ounces serving of hot coffee
Global
Eutrophicati warming
Acidification on
(GWP100)

Impact category

Abiotic
depletion

Unit

9 liquid ounces serving of hot coffee

Ozone layer
depletion
Human
(ODP)
toxicity

Fresh water
aquatic
Terrestrial
ecotox.
ecotoxicity

Photochemi
cal
oxidation

Aluminium alloy, AlMg3

1.67E-16

5.86E-17

5.94E-17

1.49E-16

4.94E-19

2.40E-16

1.19E-15

4.81E-17

1.50E-17

Polypropylene, granulate

2.61E-17

2.43E-18

6.39E-19

5.95E-18

1.12E-22

1.38E-19

1.57E-18

4.86E-20

5.52E-19

Steel, low-alloyed

6.84E-18

1.51E-18

2.19E-18

3.08E-18

9.34E-21

9.35E-18

7.52E-17

9.19E-18

6.78E-19

Synthetic rubber

2.40E-17

3.08E-18

2.34E-18

6.06E-18

1.23E-19

1.50E-18

2.26E-17

1.46E-18

5.58E-19

Polystyrene, general purpose

2.12E-17

3.00E-18

5.65E-19

6.99E-18

2.28E-22

3.75E-19

3.74E-18

1.58E-19

6.52E-19

Corrugated board, recycling fibre, single wall

1.10E-17

1.80E-18

2.85E-18

5.88E-18

4.33E-20

9.02E-19

2.65E-17

1.82E-18

3.86E-19

Heat treatment, cold impact extrusion, aluminium

8.19E-18

3.31E-19

1.23E-19

3.61E-18

3.56E-20

2.68E-19

4.30E-19

3.77E-20

1.01E-19

Injection moulding

8.56E-18

1.88E-18

2.64E-18

3.93E-18

1.51E-19

1.16E-18

2.73E-17

1.16E-18

3.07E-19

Deep drawing, steel, 3500 kN press

5.56E-19

9.70E-20

2.55E-19

4.73E-19

2.41E-21

9.02E-20

1.04E-17

9.33E-20

1.60E-20

Thermoforming, with calendering

3.71E-18

1.01E-18

1.45E-18

1.83E-18

7.06E-21

5.10E-19

1.56E-17

7.13E-19

1.38E-19

Operation, aircraft, freight, intercontinental

1.11E-15

3.23E-16

1.41E-16

6.50E-16

6.62E-18

3.81E-16

1.71E-16

3.88E-17

4.46E-17

Transport, lorry 3.5-16t

1.33E-17

5.65E-18

3.19E-18

8.07E-18

9.64E-20

4.83E-19

2.23E-18

6.36E-19

4.46E-19

Transport, municipal waste collection

2.12E-18

7.20E-19

3.79E-19

1.27E-18

1.54E-20

1.52E-19

3.08E-19

7.02E-20

9.11E-20

Transport, municipal waste collection

5.95E-18

2.02E-18

1.06E-18

3.56E-18

4.33E-20

4.25E-19

8.63E-19

1.97E-19

2.56E-19

Tap water, at user

3.61E-17

1.16E-17

1.91E-17

1.87E-17

6.78E-20

6.17E-18

2.06E-16

6.47E-18

2.74E-18

Electricity, hard coal

1.89E-14

8.08E-15

5.83E-15

9.74E-15

4.55E-18

2.84E-15

6.75E-14

1.45E-15

9.62E-16

Electricity, low voltage

8.84E-15

4.20E-15

2.54E-15

4.50E-15

9.31E-18

1.46E-15

3.03E-14

9.06E-16

5.49E-16

Soap, at plant

1.52E-16

8.17E-17

1.22E-16

1.62E-16

6.02E-19

4.17E-17

3.17E-15

9.92E-15

1.29E-16

Boiling of water on stove

1.42E-15

7.13E-17

4.22E-17

7.67E-16

1.25E-18

1.17E-16

3.07E-16

1.71E-17

1.34E-17

Sulphate pulp, TCF bleached

1.28E-17

9.33E-18

7.83E-18

7.26E-18

5.20E-20

3.10E-18

3.86E-17

6.11E-18

1.19E-18

Yarn production, cotton fibres

5.71E-17

4.04E-17

1.15E-17

3.39E-17

3.16E-20

6.84E-18

1.36E-16

6.74E-18

5.14E-18

Yarn, cotton, at plant

6.82E-17

5.68E-17

3.74E-17

4.49E-17

9.72E-20

9.67E-18

6.75E-16

4.10E-16

5.73E-18

Disposal, aluminium, 0% water, to sanitary landfill

5.62E-19

2.16E-19

1.49E-19

3.41E-19

3.15E-21

1.30E-19

1.01E-17

4.91E-20

2.39E-20

Disposal, polypropylene

2.32E-20

1.33E-20

4.21E-18

2.54E-19

1.37E-22

4.32E-18

3.13E-16

1.91E-20

2.21E-20

Disposal, tin sheet

1.73E-20

8.72E-21

5.16E-21

1.01E-20

1.01E-22

1.51E-20

1.24E-17

1.42E-21

7.74E-22

Landfill of plastic waste

3.41E-19

7.31E-20

3.54E-19

1.69E-19

5.44E-22

3.14E-21

1.07E-20

1.94E-20

1.62E-20

Disposal, polystyrene

1.55E-20

9.02E-21

3.55E-18

2.10E-19

9.20E-23

7.87E-19

5.01E-17

2.42E-19

1.82E-20

Landfill of paper waste

3.07E-18

1.06E-18

4.48E-18

1.81E-17

4.90E-21

3.30E-20

3.38E-20

1.06E-19

1.71E-18

Recycling cardboard

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

0.00E+00

Phase4: Assessment Interpretation

Contribution Analysis
Bar graph 4.1 Impact element in each impact category of French Press Pot

CML 2 baseline 2000 V2.05 /

World, 1995

Impact element in each impact category of French Press Pot

Bar graph 4.2 Impact element in each impact category of Italian Moka Pot

CML 2 baseline 2000 V2.05 /

World, 1995

Impact element in each impact category of Italian Moka Pot

Bar graph 4.3 Comparison of two coffee pots by impact category

Bar graph 4.4 Comparison of two coffee pots by impact phases

Comparison of two coffee pots by impact phases

CML 2 baseline 2000 V2.05 /

World, 1995

CML 2 baseline 2000 V2.05 /

World, 1995

Comparison of two coffee pots by impact category

According to the Bar graph 4.1 & 4.2, for both pots, fresh water aquatic is the largest impact category. According to the Bar graph 4.3 & 4.4, the
environment impact of French Press Pot is less than Italian Moka Pot. The rate of total amount of cups of coffee for each coffee pot is going to serve over
their entire lifetime is 3:2. But the rate of total environment impact between two pots is almost 1:4.
As shown in the Table 4.1 & 4.2, gas, electricity and soap for wash machine are three largest impact elements. Nickel and beryllium in water, Cypermethrin
and nickel in ground create the large impact category. These emissions have huge effect on fresh water and terrestrial.

Table 4.1 Two emissions that create the large impacts for the three largest impacting elements of French Press Pot
Quantity
Impact level
Impact element
Impact category
Emission
1

Natural gas to heat water

Fresh water ecotoxicity

Electricity to heat water

Fresh water ecotoxicity

Detergent: Soap

Terrestrial ecotoxicity

Nickel, ion, in water

Beryllium, in water
Nickel, ion, in water
Beryllium, in water
Cypermethrin, in ground
Nickel, ion, in ground

5.08E-12
2.80E-12
2.21E-12
1.17E-12
5.11E-13
2.12E-14

Table 4.2 Two emissions that create the large impacts for the three largest impacting elements of Italian Moka Pot
Quantity
Impact level
Impact element
Impact category
Emission
1

Natural gas to heat water

Fresh water ecotoxicity

Electricity to heat water

Fresh water ecotoxicity

Detergent: Soap

Fresh water ecotoxicity

Nickel, ion, in water

Beryllium, in water
Nickel, ion, in water
Beryllium, in water
Cypermethrin, in water
Nickel, ion, in water

1.52E-11
8.41E-12
6.62E-12
3.51E-12
1.53E-12
6.36E-14

Sensitivity Analysis
According to the contribution analysis of this LCA, I found that the use phase is the most environmentally harmful of the stage. So the life time which is the
most related to the use phase was decided to be changed. The life time varied from 1 year to 7 years. And the following table shows the variations between
4 different life time Italian Moka Pot.

Table 4.3 Differences between Italian Moka Pot variations of sensitivity analysis
Difference

Reference pot

Variation one

Variation two

Variation three

Unit

Gasket

0.06

0.12

0.18

0.42 lb

Gasket manufacture

0.06

0.12

0.18

0.42 lb

Transport from plant in Italian to the States

7.317

9.665

12.01

14.36 tmi*

Transport from transportation center to retail store

0.467

0.616

0.766

0.916 tmi*

Transport from user to landfill

0.032

0.0435

0.0552

0.0669 tmi*

Water for washing the pot

587

1760

2933

Natural gas to heat water

62

186

310

434 kWh

Electricity to heat water

41

123

205

287 kWh

772

2315

3858

5402 g

49

146

243

341 l

Paper filter

0.306

0.918

1.53

2.142 lb

Paper filter

0.054

0.162

0.27

0.378 lb

Paper filter manufacture

0.054

0.162

0.27

0.378 lb

Disposal gasket

0.06

0.12

0.18

0.42 lb

Disposal paper filter

0.36

1.08

1.8

2.52 lb

1 year 180
brews

3 years 540
brews

5 years 900
brews

Detergent
Energy usage for boiling water

4107 kg

9 liquid ounces

Life Cycle Time Service Provide

7 years 1260 serving of hot

brews coffee

Bar graph 4.5 Sensitivity analysis by impact category

Bar graph 4.6 Sensitivity analysis by impact phases

Sensitivity analysis by impact phases

CML 2 baseline 2000 V2.05 /

World, 1995

CML 2 baseline 2000 V2.05 /

World, 1995

Sensitivity analysis by impact category

Conclusions
Every industrial activity and product damages the environment to a certain extent. Raw materials must be extracted from the ground; then trucks, trains,
ships and planes must transport these materials to manufacturing locations and their products has to be packaged and distributed. During use, some of
these products may require additional resources, such as electricity or gas, even soap just like this two coffee pots. Finally, the used products must be
recycled or disposed.
In this Life Cycle Assessment of the sum total of the environmental impacts of a product, all the stages of its life must be examined and quantified. In
conducting an LCA, it is relatively easy to determine the contribution of a particular stage of operation to a certain environmental problem, such as the
greenhouse effect, acidification, eutrophication, etc. A difficulty arises when the various impacts was added and produce a single number that can be
compared to an alternative process or product. To do so meaningfully, the proper weighting is needed.
In this LCA study, the materials, manufacture process, transportation, use stages and end of life treatment of two coffee pots were analyzed. It is shown
that the use phase has the largest impact on the entire life cycle for both coffee pots. Since in the use phase still contain replacement rubber and paper
filter, I decide to change the life time of Italian Moka Pot. According to the result from sensitivity analysis, even if the entire life cycle was become longer, as
the variation shows in the sensitive analysis, the use phase still has great effect on the whole life cycle. But it still shows that if the Italian Moka Pot just be
used for 1 year only, the negative impact of that could be more than the coffee pots for three, five seven years used. So it indicated that as a
consumer-product, the durable coffee pot can be friendlier to the environment instead of those non-durable pots.
And as for the original data of two coffee pots, the rate of total amount of cups of coffee for each coffee pot is going to serve over their entire lifetime is 3:2.
But the rate of total environment impact between two pots is almost 1:4. So it indicated that the larger ounces coffee pot can have less negative impact on
environment.

LCA citations in report

Marchetti, C. (1983). Recession 1983: Ten more years to go?. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 24(4), 331-342.
Cullen, J. M., & Allwood, J. M. (2009). The role of washing machines in life cycle assessment studies. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 13(1), 27-37.