Sub System of MIS Definition - What does Transaction Process System (TPS) mean?

A transaction process system (TPS) is an information processing system for business transactions involving the collection, modification and retrieval of all transaction data. Characteristics of a TPS include performance, reliability and consistency. TPS is also kno n as transaction processing or real!time processing. MRS: A management reporting system is essentially a mechanism for monitoring the performance of "rgani#ation. That mission has usually been defined by a formal plan hich help in making decisions ith e$tracted information. Decision Su ortin! system:

A set of related computer programs and the data re%uired to assist ith analysis and decision!making ithin an organi#ation.
OIS An advanced word processing system in Data Preparation Division that processes and stores large volumes of census documents

IRS Auto&'S is a comprehensive reporting tool hich forms the backbone for all of our complementing systems reporting. The system is used to generate management, central bank and other statutory reporting re%uirements in addition to the customi#ed reports for internal purposes. The system facilitates financial analysts and information orkers ith a high level of fle$ibility through its parameteri#ation so that they need not depend upon a programmer to define individual reports ( save time ) save money * performance Technologies of mis IT mana!ement is the discipline hereby all of the information technology resources of a firm are managed in accordance ith its needs and priorities. These resources may include tangible investments like computer hard are, soft are, data, net orks and data centre facilities, as ell as the staff ho are hired to maintain them.

&anaging this responsibility ithin a company entails many of the basic management functions, like budgeting, staffing, change management, and organi#ing and controlling, along ith other aspects that are uni%ue to technology, like soft are design, net ork planning, tech support etc

Techno"o!ies and business trends

+bi%uitous computing, The number, availability and po er of net orked devices ill increase to the point here it is the norm that every system or person is connected to the 'nternet at any given time. This ill drive a fundamental change in hat e consider to be a net orked computer and ho businesses interact ith their customers, partners and their o n systems. -ise of the &achines, 'nterconnected machines ith the ability to harvest and e$ploit data ill generate entirely ne infrastructures of interconnected, orchestrated and efficient systems. 'ntelligence derived from these systems can be e$ploited on a grand scale to enable transforming efficiency gains and ultimately to open up ne modes of operation across both the physical and virtual orld. The .lobal 'dentity Crisis, A fundamental aspect of protecting connected users, devices and services is identity, not only of the individual and the devices they use, but also of the systems they connect to. As threats rise and devices and services proliferate, establishing /true0 identity and assigning trust ill be both increasingly hard and increasingly vital to intelligently protecting, and enabling business. 'ntelligence is po er1, 'n modern economies, the control of information is often seen as the high!ground. 2o ever, ra information is both increasingly accessible and increasingly hard to protect. 3ffectively turning information into intelligence and into action ill be key to success in the future 4 machine to machine e$change of information and data analytics are useful tools but turning those insights into action first, and ith precision, ill set the inners apart from the losers. The 5e$t .eneration, Technology is 6ust a tool and on7t by itself change the orld. The ne$t generation of managers, leaders and entrepreneurs have gro n up in a orld here e$ploitation of technology in both their personal and professional lives is inherently understood. As a driver for change, this almost transparent use of technology ill be one of the ma6or sources of business disruption making computing net orking, automation, identity and intelligence not disruptors but rather an ingrained part of society and business as usual.

#unc $f IS % sa"es and mar&etin! ' manufacturin! and roduction

( finance and accountin! $*+ $# MIS

) human resource

There are many objectives of Management Information Systems. These areData Capturing: MIS capture data from various internal and external sources of organization. Data capturing may be manual or through computer terminals. Processing of Data: The captured data is processed to convert into re uired information. !rocessing of data is done by such activities as calculating" sorting" classifying" and summarizing. Storage of Information: MIS stores the processed or unprocessed data for future use. If any information is not immediately re uired" it is saved as an organization record" for later use. Retrieval of Information: MIS retrieves information from its stores as and #hen re uired by various users. Dissemination of Information: Information" #hich is a finished product of MIS" is disseminated to the users in the organization. It is periodic or online through computer terminal.

Computer Based Information System

A computer based information system is a combination of soft are, hard are and telecommunications net orks, hich people build and later use to create, collect and distribute data. A &"839 ": C"&P+T3- ;AS38 '5:" S<S ( &anagers make decision to solve problems and decision are made based on the available info

'nformation is presented both in oral as ell as ritten form using info procedure The com uter ortion of the info rocedure contain each of com uter based areas (,IS -MIS DSS) .irtua" office and &no/"ed!e based sys they r co""ecti.e"y c0d cbis 1bis co""ecti.e"y ro.ides necessary info for rob"em so".in!

Data processing system

A data rocessin! system is a combination of machines and people that for a set of inputs produces a defined set of outputs.=(> The inputs and outputs are interpreted as data, facts, information, ... depending on the interpreter?s relation to the system. A common synonymous term is @information system@.=)> A data processing system may involve some combination of,

Conversion converting data to another format. Aalidation 4 3nsuring that supplied data is @clean, correct and useful.@ Sorting 4 @arranging items in some se%uence andBor in different sets.@ Summari#ation 4 reducing detail data to its main points. Aggregation 4 combining multiple pieces of data. Analysis 4 the @collection, organi#ation, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.@. -eporting 4 list detail or summary data or computed information

Ty es of data rocessin! systems

y application area

Scientific data rocessin!

Scientific data proce sing @usually involves a great deal of computation (arithmetic and comparison operations) upon a relatively small amount of input data, resulting in a small volume of output.@ =*>

1ommercia" data rocessin!

Commercial data processing @involves a large volume of input data, relatively fe computational operations, and a large volume of output.@=*> Accounting programs are the

prototypical e$amples of data processing applications. 'nformation systems ('S) is the field that studies such organi#ational computer systems.

Data ana"ysis
@8ata analysis is a body of methods that help to describe facts, detect patterns, develop e$planations, and test hypotheses.@=C> :or e$ample, data analysis might be used to look at sales and customer data to @identify connections bet een products to allo for cross selling campaigns.@=D>

By service type[2]

Transaction processing systems 'nformation storage and retrieval systems Command and control systems Computing service systems Process control systems &essage s itching systems

Mana!ement:
&anagement covers the planning, control, and administration of the operations of a concern. The top management handles planningE the middle management concentrates on controllingE and the lo er management is concerned ith actual administration.

Information:
'nformation, in &'S, means the processed data that helps the management in planning, controlling and operations. 8ata means all the facts arising out of the operations of the concern. 8ata is processed i.e. recorded, summari#ed, compared and finally presented to the management in the form of &'S report.

System:
8ata is processed into information ith the help of a system. A system is made up of inputs, processing, output and feedback or control. Thus &'S means a system for processing data in order to give proper information to the management for performing its functions.

Definition:
Management Information System, 'MIS' is a planned system of collecting, storing and disseminating data in the form of information needed to carry out the functions of management.

$b2ecti.es of MIS
.oals of an &'S are to implement the organi#ational structure and dynamics of the enterprise for the purpose of managing the organi#ation in a better ay and capturing the potential of the information system for competitive advantage. :ollo ing are the basic ob6ectives of an &'S,

1a turin! Data: capturing conte$tual data, or operational information that ill contribute in decision making from various internal and e$ternal sources of organi#ation Processin! Data: the captured data is processed into information needed for planning, organi#ing, coordinating, directing and controlling functionalities at strategic, tactical and operational level. Processing data means,
o o o o

making calculations ith the data sorting data classifying data and summari#ing data

Information Stora!e: information or processed data need to be stored for future use. Information Retrie.a": the system should be able to retrieve this information from the storage as and hen re%uired by various users. Information Pro a!ation: information or the finished product of the &'S should be circulated to its users periodically using the organi#ational net ork.

1haracteristics of MIS:
:ollo ing are the characteristics of an &'S,

't should be based on a long!term planning. 't should provide a holistic vie of the dynamics and structure of the organi#ation. 't should ork as a complete and comprehensive system covering all interconnecting sub!systems ithin the organi#ation.

't should be planned in a top!do n ay, as the decision makers or the management should actively take part and provide clear direction at the development stage of the &'S. 't should be based on need of strategic, operational and tactical information of managers of an organi#ation. 't should also take care of e$ceptional situations by reporting such situations. 't should be able to make forecasts and estimates, and generate advanced information, thus providing a competitive advantage. 8ecision makers can take actions on the basis of such predictions. 't should create linkage bet een all sub!systems ithin the organi#ation, so that the decision makers can take the right decision based on integrated vie . 't should allo easy flo of information through various sub!systems, thus avoiding redundancy and duplicity of data. 't should simplify the operations ith as much practicability as possible. Although the &'S is an integrated, complete system, it should be made in such a fle$ible ay that it could be easily split into smaller sub!systems as and hen re%uired. A central database is the backbone of a ell!built &'S.

3ature 4 Sco e of MIS:

Difference *et/een TPS and MIS

MIS &'S, hich stands for &anagement 'nformation System, helps middle level management in monitoring, controlling, decision making and administrative activities. &'S provides managers ith current performance of the organi#ation. &anagers make use of this information to monitor and control business and also to devise strategies to better the performance in future. The data hich is available through &'S is summari#ed and presented in concise reports on a regular basis. &'S serves the interests of managers on eekly, monthly and yearly results though some &'S can produce results on a daily basis to be used by managers. A manager can get ans ers to predefined set of %uestions through &'S regularly. &'S is not very fle$ible and also does not have analytical capability. A vast ma6ority of &'S systems make use of simple routines and stay a ay from comple$ mathematical models. TPS

Another type of information system that has become very popular is TPS. 't stands for Transaction Processing System and collects, stores, modifies and retrieves all information about transactions in an organi#ation. A transaction here is referred to any event that generates or modifies the already stored information. 'f an organi#ation is using both &'S and TPS, there is regular e$change of data among these systems. TPS becomes a ma6or source of data for &'S. The data that is generated through TPS is on the level of operations such as payroll or order processing. TPS tracks daily routine transactions that are essential to conduct business. &'S makes heavy use of data from TPS though it also utili#es data from other sources. What is DSS? A very important system for any large organi#ation is the 8ecision Support System, abbreviated as 8SS. This system, as the name suggests is ideal for making the right decisions for any business. 8ecision making is a critical process that involves considering all the ma6or operations, forecasts, activities, planning and management of various functions. This system helps the senior management of an organi#ation to get the re%uired data in no time and process it further to make rapid, necessary decisions. This system not only helps the managers in making the decisions, but also in e$ecuting them rightfully. Fust one ma6or dra back is observed that is related to the fact that this system is not very good at handling large amounts of data and conse%uences. What is 5IS? The 3'S or 3$ecutive 'nformation System is such type of system that is very sophisticated in nature. Ge can say that this system also provides the managers ith the facility of having the decision making ability by its use. This system orks in such critical conditions as ell in hich the other systems fail to support. 2eavy data storage capabilities make it ideal to be adopted not only by the big firms but also by the smaller businesses. "verall this system is for the senior level employees, providing proficient assistance to them in making important decisions. Difference bet/een MIS and DSS and 5IS The difference bet een the three systems lies in their functions. The main function of &'S is related to the managing the internal operations and the documents. The 8SS helps employees in making decisions even for the daily tasks. The 3'S assists the senior level managers in making serious decisions that are very important and critical to make. &'S and the other t o systems are still interlinked because of the fact that &'S holds all the documentations that are used by the other t o. 'n the same ay, 8SS and the 3'S are similar in a ay that both are focusing on the decision making. The &'S has the feature to be used by the intellectual group that includes the high level and middle level management, as compared to that the 8SS is the only one among the three that is used at all the business levels and the information it uses is not only internal but also the e$ternal one. Summari#ing, 3'S is complicated as compared to the 8SS and &'S.

Difference *et/een MIS and ,IS

Ghile A'S is no doubt very helpful to the management in assessing past performances and to come up ith decisions for future pro6ects, it is not 6ust financial information that can makeup for all that is re%uired to run any organi#ation successfully. &anagement re%uires information that goes far beyond the capability and scope of A'S. Gith the si#e and functions of any organi#ation gro ing and becoming comple$, additional information is re%uired for many reasons such as production planning, sales forecasting, arehouse planning, market research etc. All this information comes through &'S as this sort of information is not normally processed by traditional A'S. 't is clear that A'S is a system collects and stores data and then ith the help of computers produces results that are used by managers that include investors, creditors and internal management of the organi#ation. Though A'S as a system can be performed using a paper and a pencil, in modern conte$t it refers to a very comple$ computer based system that combines the traditional methods of accounting ith the latest information technology to come up ith all the financial information that is needed by management to take financial decisions.

Difference *et/een MIS and DSS

8SS on the other hand is an improvement of the concept of &'S. 't is true that both of them differ in terms of their focus. 8SS focuses more on leadership. 't is all about senior management in a firm providing innovative vision."ne of the finest differences bet een &'S and 8SS is that &'S focuses on operational efficiency hereas 8SS focuses more on making effective decision or in other ords helping the company to do the right thing. :lo of information is from both sides, up and do n in the case of &'S. "n the other flo of information is only up ard in the case of 8SS.

information system from both technica" and business ers ecti.e :rom the technical perspective, an 'nformation System is a system capable of accepting, storing, safeguarding, retrieving, analy#ing, and delivering data. .enerally, this is accomplished over a net ork (either local ore remote) of computers, servers, and peripherals. :rom the business perspective, an 'nformation System is a system capable of doing the above, but also is able to take the ra data and turn it into something usefulBmeaningful.

H&9 is @eHtensible &arkup 9anguage@

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components of information systems technology

the D components that must come together in order to produce a Computer!;ased 'nformation system are, (.2ard are,The term hard are refers to machinery.This category includes the computer itself, hich is often referred to as the central processing unit (CP+), and all of its support e%uipments. Among the support e%uipments are input and output devices, storage devices and communications devices. ).Soft are,The term soft are refers to computer programs and the manuals (if any) that support them. Computer programs are machine!readable instructions that direct the circuitry ithin the hard are parts of the C;'S to function in ays that produce useful information from data. Programs are generally stored on some input B output medium,often a disk or tape. *.8ata,8ata are facts that are used by programs to produce useful information.9ike programs,data are generally stored in machine!readable form on disk or tape until the computer needs them. C.Procedures,Procedures are the policies that govern the operation of a computer system. @Procedures are to people hat soft are is to hard are@ is a common analogy that is used to illustrate the role of procedures in a C;'S. D.People,3very C;'S needs people if it is to be useful. "ften the most over!looked element of the C;'S are the people, probably the component that most influence the success or failure of information systems.

Mana!in! Internationa" Information Systems ob2ecti.es % Identify the ma2or factors dri.in! the internationa"i6ation of business ' 1om are strate!ies for de.e"o in! !"oba" businesses ( Demonstrate ho/ information systems can su strate!ies ort different !"oba" business

) 5.a"uate the issues and technica" a"ternati.es to be considered /hen de.e"o in! internationa" information systems 7 Identify the cha""en!es osed by !"oba" information systems and mana!ement so"utions

1ha""en!e: #u"fi"" customer orders made to a net/or& of forty subsidiaries in 5uro e- ,sia- and 3orth ,merica /hose systems cou"d not share data /ith one another 8 So"utions: de.e"o a sin!"e cor orate database and use midd"e/are /ith standard interfaces to connect a"" the subsidiary9s systems 8 De.e"o a sin!"e /or"d/ide data mode" /ith standard definitions and codes 8 I""ustrates the ro"e of systems in an internationa" en.ironment for reducin! in.entory and business rocess costs /or"d/ide