Ak'

tm|m0uacscRwfcef;


Ak'

oA'geH "r'geH Zdemwd?

oA&oH "r&aom Zdemwd?
oA&w
w "r&wd Zdemwd?
wPSua,m oA'kuH Zdemwd/
'getm;vHk;udk "r'geu atmifEdkif\/
t&omtm;vHk;udk w&m;t&omu atmifEdkif\/
arGUavsmfzG,ftm;vHk;udk w&m;arGUavsmfjcif;u atmifEdkif\/
'kutm;vHk;udk wPSmukefcef;jcif;u atmifEdkif\/

ed'gef;

(aysmufuG,foGm;jcif;
udkqdkvdk&if;r[kwfbJ? tppfudk
twkawGu zHk;aejcif;? uG,faejcif;udk
qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf/)

&,f[m;&,f[m;ESifh EGm;jymBuD;atmufoGm;rSd
Ak'bmomawG
bmomawGu aygUaygUae
aygUaygUae?? aygUaygUpm
aygUaygUpm;?;? bmomw&m;udk
tav;teufrxm;bl;?;? cH,lcsufurjyif;jybl;?;?
ckawmh tjcm;bmomu odrf;oGif;wm cH&w,f/
awmifwef;a'oawmfawmfrsm;rsm;rSm wdkif;&if
;&if;ol trsdK;orD;awG
acgif;NrD;NcHKukefMuNyD/
(acgif;NrD;NcHK= bmomjcm;wdkU\bmoma&;0wfpHkudk0wfqif&jcif;)

vdIifr[mpnfq&mawmf

urmhAk'bmom0if
bmom0if&mcdkifESKef;

2005ckESpf ppfwrf;rsm;t&
rsm;t& urmhAk'bmom0if
bmom0if&mcdkifESKef; rSm 6%omSdNyD;
,if;&mcd
&mcdkifESKef;wGif r[
r[m,eES
m,eESifh ax&0g'a&maxG;yg0ifonf/

tdk-Ak'bmom0if
bmom0if olawmfpiftaygif;wdkU
]]rodjcif;wnf;}};}} [l
[laom ]]t0dZm}} aMumifh ]]]]wPS
wPSm}}
wnf;[l
;[laom wyfrufrIjzpfvmNyD ; oHo&m&[
&m&[wf
wfudk
pwifvnfywfaponf /
oHo&m&[
&m&[wf
wfrS kef;xGufEdkif&ef usifhenf;oifjcif ;?
usifhjcif; ESifh tusdK;w&m;&S
;w&m ;&Sdjcif; wnf;[l
[laom omoem
oHk;yg;
yg; jynfhpHkrSom vljzpf&usdK;eyfygrnf /

pkpnf;wifjyol

rmwdum

tydkif; (1)----(1)-----tajccH
tajccHtcsufrsm;
sm;
tydkif; (2)----(2)----- 'getaMumif; - -----''geuxm
tydkif; (3)----(3)-----oD
oDvtaMumif; - -----oD
oDvuxm
tydkif; (4)----(4)-----i&J
i&JjynftaMumif; - -----eded&,uxm
tydkif; (5)----(5)-----ewf
ewfjynftaMumif; - -----o*
o*uxm
tydkif; (6)----(6)-----ededAmefa&mufaMumif; - -----r*
r*uxm
tydkif; (7)----(7)-----ededAmeftaMumif;
tydkif; (8)----(8)-----tqif
tqifhjrifhAk'bmom
bmom

tcef; (1)

tajccHtcsuftvufrsm;

Ak'bmom
bmom qdkwmbmvJ
Ak'qdkwm bk&m;? bmomqdkwm pum;? aygif;vdkufawmh
Ak'bmomqdkwm bk&m;pum;/ bk&m;pum;qdkwm bk&m;&Sif&JU
rdefUMum;csuf? a[mMum;csufawGyJ/
bk&m;&SifrdefUMum;a[mxm;wJhw&m;awG[m yd#u'ftaeeJU 3yHk?
edum,ftaeeJU 5&yf? "rcEmaygif; 84000? 'gawG[m
Ak'bmomyJ/
'DAk'bmomawG&JU tESpfudkcsKyfvdkufawmh oHk;rsdK;yJusefawmhw,f
(1) raumif;rIrSeforQudkrjyKeJU? rvkyfeJU?a&Smif/
(2) aumif;rIrSefrQvkyf? jynfhpHkatmifvkyf/
(3) rdrdpdwfudkjzLpifatmif?oefU&Sif;atmif?pifMu,fatmifvkyf/

Ak'bmom0if
bmom0ifwpfOD; bmvkyf&rvJ
bk&m;&SifrdefUMum;a[mxm;wJhw&m;awmfyg tqHk;trrsm;twdkif;
aexdkifusifhMuH&ygr,f/

b,fvdkusifhBuH&rvJ? bmawGtusdK;&rvJ
,ckb0t"du ESifh oHo&mwGif aumif;atmifaexdkifusifhBuHenf;
oHo&mt"duESifh aemifb0rsm; aumif;atmifaexdkifusifhBuHenf;
oHo&mrSvTwfajrmufap&ef aexdkifusifhBuHenf; [lvkyfenf;rsm;
cGJjcm;Edkifojzifh &nf&G,fcsufrsm;twdkif; tydkif;vdkufcGJjcm;
avhusufvdkufemjcif;jzifh aomfvnf;aumif; twGJvdkuftpHkjyKjcif;jzifh
aomfvnf;aumif;jyKEdkifayonf/
Oyrm 1/
ausmif
;
td
k
?
wH
w
m;td
k
j
yif
y
g/
&nf&G,fcsuf - touf&Snfvdkjcif;
a&ppfvSLyg/
jzpfapvdkaomb0 - ,ckb0
anmifudkif;axmufyg/

b,fvdkusifhBuH&rvJ? bmawGtusdK;&rvJ
Oyrm 2/
&nf&G,fcsuf - (1) touf&Snfvdkjcif;
(2) tema&m*guif;&Sif;vdkjcif;
jzpfapvdkaomb0 - aemifb0rsm;
vkyfaqmif&ef/
(1) olwyg;toufowfjzwfjcif;udk udk,fwdkifvkyfjcif;?
wdkufwGef;jcif;? csD;rGrf;jcif;? tjcm;vlvkyfaqmifrIudk
pdwfwlnDrIjzpfay:jcif;r&SdapESifh/ a&Smif/
(2) olwyg;udknSif;qJjcif;udk (1)ygtwdkif;/

b,fvdkusifhBuH&rvJ? bmawGtusdK;&rvJ
Oyrm 3/
&nf&G,fcsuf - 1/avmuDqif;&Jjcif;vGefajrmufcsif?
2/Opmypnf;&csif
jzpfapvdkaomb0 - ,ckb0
vkyfaqmif&ef/
(1) x<uvHkUv olrsm;xufydk&Sdatmifvkyf/
(2) oifhawmfaomtvkyftudkifudkvkyf?
,if;tvkyfwGif wm0efudkausyGefatmifxrf;aqmif/

b,fvdkusifhBuH&rvJ? bmawGtusdK;&rvJ
Oyrm 3/
&nf&G,fcsuf - (1) b0oHo&mwGif csrf;om<u,f0csif
(2) a&TZGef;udkufarG;ovdk arG;uwnf;u
csrf;omoljzpfcsif?vdkw&oljzpfcsif
jzpfapvdkaomb0 - aemifb0rsm;
vkyfaqmif&ef/
(1) 'gejyKyg/ (ay;urf;vSL'gef;yg/)
(2) umv'gejyKyg/ (ta&;wBuD;vdktyfaeaomypnf;udk
c&D;oGm;rsm;?vlemrsm;?obm0ab;tE&,fESifh uyfab;
wdkUaMumifh vdktyfaeolrsm;udkvSLyg/)

b,fvdkusifhBuH&rvJ? bmawGtusdK;&rvJ
Oyrm 3/
&nf&G,fcsuf - (1) pD;yGm;wdk;wufcsif? rqkwf,kwfbJ
BuD;yGm;csif
jzpfapvdkaomb0 - ,ckb0
vkyfaqmif&ef/
(1) owK?"r?oHC*g&0wm-bk&m;w&m;oHCm&dkao&rnf/
(4) odum*g&0wm- udk,fusihfodumwdkU&dkao&rnf/
(5) orm"d*g&0wm- orm"dudk&dkao udkf,fwdkif
wnfMunfrI&Sd&rnf/
(6) uvsmPrdwwm- rdwfaqGaumif;&Sd&rnf/
(7) aom0pwm- ynm&SdwdkUqHk;ronfudk em,lvG,f&rnf/

tmVm0ubDvl;\ar;cGef; 13 csuf
1/ urmavmuwGif a,mufsm;\
m;\ jrwfaomOpmonfum; tb,fenf;/
2/ aumif;aomtavhtusifhwdkUwGif tb,faumif;aom tavhtusifhonf
csrf;omudkaqmifoenf;/
3/ t&omwdkUwGiftb,ft&omonf tvGefUtvGef csdKNrdefaomt&om jzpfoenf;/
4/ toufarG;rIwdkUwGif tb,fodkUaom toufarG;rIudk jrwfaom toufarG;rI[k qdkoenf;/
5/ tb,ftaxmufulypnf;jzifh oHo&m0JMoC udkul;ajrmufEdkifoenf;/
6/ tb,fodkUaom vkyfaqmifrIjzifh oHo&myifv,fudk ul;ajrmufEdkifoenf;/
7/ tb,fjzifh avmuDqif;&Jjcif;udk vGefajrmufEdkifoenf;/
8/ tb,fjzifh txuf0ef;usif pifMu,fapEdkifoenf;/
9/ tb,ftaMumif;aMumifh ynm&Edkifoenf;/
10/ tb,ftaMumif;aMumifh Opm&Edkifoenf;/
11/ tb,ftaMumif;aMumifh ausmfapmxifSm;jcif;odkUa&mufEdkifoenf;/
12/ tb,ftaMumif;aMumifh rdwfaqGzGJUEdkifoenf;/
13/ tb,ftaMumif;aMumifh aemifb0 rpdk;&drf&oenf;/

tajz
1/ urmavmuwGif a,mufsm;\
m;\ jrwfaomOpmonfum; ,HkMunfrI
o'gw&m;
o'
gw&m; jzpf\/
2/ aumif;aomtavhtusifhwdkUwGif ukodkvfuryxw&m;onf
xw&m;onf
csrf;omudkaqmifEdkifonf/
3/ t&omwdkUwGifrSefuefpGmajymqdkjcif; opmw&m;onf
w&m;onf tvGefUtvGef
csdKNrdefaom t&omjzpfonf/
4/ toufarG;rIwdkUwGif ynm
ynmjzif
jzifh toufarG;rIudk jrwfaom
toufarG;rI [k qdkonf/
5/,H
5/
,HkMunfrI o'
o'gw&m;jzif
gw&m;jzifh oHo&m0JMoC udkul;ajrmufEdkifonf/
6/ rarUravsmhrI tyrm'w&m;jzif
m'w&m;jzifh oHo&myifv,fudk
ul;ajrmufEdkifonf/
7/ x<uvHkUvjzif
vjzifh qif;&Jjcif;udk vGefajrmufEdkifonf/

8/ ynm jzifh txuf0ef;usif pifMu,fapEdkifonf/

9/ &[Emyk*dKvfwdkU\ edAmefa&mufaMumif;w&m;udk ,HkMunfvsuf
rarUravsmhqifjcifol ynmSdonf aumif;pGmemMum;aomaMumifh
ynm&,lEdkifonf/
10/ oifhavsmfaomtvkyftudkifudkvkyfvsuf wm0efudkausyGefatmif
xrf;aqmifolonf x<uvHkUv aMumifh Opmypnf;udk&Edkif\/
11/ rSefuefpGmajymqdkjcif; aMumifh ausmfapmxifSm;jcif;odkU
a&mufEdkifonf/
12/ ay;urf;jcif; jzifh taqGcifyGef;udk zGJUEdkif\/
13/ ,HkMunfrISdaom tdrf\ tpD;tyGm;udkSmwwfaomoltm;
rSefuefjcif; opm? vdrmjcif; 'r? MudK;pm;tm;xkwfrI "dxd? pGefUvTwfrI
pm*? w&m;av;yg;S
w&m;av;yg;Sdojzifh aemifb0 rpdk;&drf&acs/

rnfonfhtcsdefwGifAk'bmom0if
bmom0ifpwifjzpfygovJ
o&P*
o&P*Hk (3) yg;udk,HkMunfudk;uG,f&m[
m[l (pdwfjzifh,HkMunfpGm)
odrSwfqnf;uyfaomtcsdefwGif Ak'bmom0if
bmom0if jzpfNyD[kqdkEdkifygonf/
,if;udk ydkrdkcdkifrmaocsmap&ef
]] bk&m;udk,HkMunfudk;uG,f&m[
m[lqnf;uyfyg\
g\}}
]] w&m;awmfudk,HkMunfudk;uG,f&m[
m[lqnf;uyfyg\
g\}}
]] oHCmawmfudk,HkMunfudk;uG,f&m[
m[lqnf;uyfyg\
g\}}
[kt"dyg,f&aom a0g[
a0g[m&rsm;ud
m&rsm;udk ygVdvdkjzpfap rdrdwwfuRrf;aom
rnfonfhbmompum;jzifh jzpfap ESKwfrS&Gwfqdk&rnf/
,if;udko&P*
&P*Hkaqmufwnfonf [kac:onf/
,if;odkUwpfBudrfaqmufwnfxm;NyD;ygu rdrdpdwfrS
tjcm;wpfpHkwpfa,muf(odkU) wpfpHkwpf&mudk ,HkMunfudk;uG,f&m[
m[l
,HkrSm;jcif;?owfrSwfjcif;rjyKrdyguxyfrHaqmufwnf&efrvdkawmhyg/

o&P**HknpfEGrf;jcif;^ysuf
o&P
;^ysufjcif;
tjcm;wpfpHkwpfa,muf(odkU) wpfpHkwpf&mudk ,HkMunfudk;uG,f&m[
m[l
bk&m;w&m;oHCmESifhwef;wlxm;
m; owfrSwfqnf;uyfvQif o&P*Hk
npfEGrf;onf/ bk&m;w&m;oHCmudkr,HkMunfawmhbJ ,if;udkom
,HkMunfawmhvQif raocif o&P
o&P**Hkysufonf/
ykxkZOf yk**dKvf?ow0gwpfOD;aovGefaomtcgo&P*H
omtcgo&P*Hkysufonf/
(o&P
o&P*H*Hkudkaemufb0odkU,laqmifroGm;Edkifyg)/
(Ak'bmom0if
bmom0ifrsm;onf wpfpHkwpfa,mufaoaomf usefSdaecJhaom
kyftavmif;udk okmef oHCmawmfrsm;yifh o&P*Hkwifjcif;udk
jyKvkyfavhSdonf/ ,if
,if;odkUwdkifay;?G
y;?Gwfqdkjcif;jzifh kyftavmif;onf
rnfodkUrSxl;jcm;rIrSdEdkifay/ odkUaomfaoNyD;aemuf ruRwfrvGwfaom
jydwmbHkom;tjzpfteD;tem;wGif Sdaeygu owd&aqmufwnfEdkifNyD;
aumif;usdK;&Ed
;&Edkifap&ef &nf&G,fjyKvkyfMujcif;jzpfonf/)
/)

aeUpOfjyK&efukodkvfjyK&ef trsdK;tpm; 10yg;

(1)
(2)

'ge
oDv

o'gMunf
gMunfjzLay;vSL&jcif ;
oDvaqmufwnfudk,fESKwfqdkif&m'kpdkufrIudk
aSmifMuOf&jcif;
(3) bm0em orxur
orxur|mef;?;? 0dyemur| mef;tm;xkwfjcif ;
(4) typm,e - &wemoHk;yg;?
yg ;? q&m
q&m?? rdbpaomolrsm;udk dkao&jcif;
(5) a0,sm0p ukodkvfjzpfzG,f 0wfBuD;0wfi,fwdkUudk o,fydk ;
aqmif&Guf&jcif;
(6) ywd'ge rdrdjyK&ukovudk trQay;a0&jcif;
(7) ywmEkarm'e olwyg;jyKonfhaumif;rIudk om"kEkarm'em
ac:qdk&jcif;
(8) "ro0e bk&m;pum;jrwfw&m;emMum;&
&m;emMum ;&jcif
jcif;
(9) "ra'oem - bk&m;pum;jrwfw&m;a[
&m;a [mMum
mMum;&
;&jcif
jcif;
(10) 'd|d|dZkurr - ajzmifhrwfaomt,ludk&,ljcif ;

aeUpOfaSmif&ef'kpkduftrsdK;pm; (10)yg
(10)yg;;
(1) cdk;rI? owfrI? umrrI? oHk;ck um,uH----(3)
----(3)
(2) vSnfhpm;&
m;&efefwdkuf? rdkufrdkufuef;uef; ESKwfMurf;avjcif;?;?
odrfzsif;aompum;
aompum; ajymqdkjim;?
im;? av;yg;0pDu-----(4)
-H ----(4)
(3) olUOpmrSef rw&m;BuH? azgufjyefaoaMuysufpD;apjim;
apjim;
t,lrSm;? oHk;yg;raemuH--------- (3)

aeUpOfbk&m;Sdcdk;&j
&jcif;taMumif;
(1)

(2)

(3)

ykxkZOfrsm;jzpf awGa0rdkufrJcJhonfh tavsmuf teEig;yg;

g;yg ;
tay:wGif udk,fjzifh?ESKwfjzifh ? pdwfjzifh ? jypfrSm;usL;vGefcJhrdonfrsm;
sm ;
udk ajyaysmufygapjcif; tusdK;iSm vnf;aumif ;
ykxkZOfrsm;jzpf awGa0rdkufrJcJhonfhtavsmufo&P*Hk (3) yg
yg;;\
npfEGrf;? ysufpD;aMumif ; jyKrlrSm;? ajymqdkrSm;? BuHpOfrSm;rsm;udk
oefUpifaom o&P
o&P**Hkjzpfatmifjyefvnfaqmufwnf&ef twGuf
vnf;aumif ;
ig;yg;oDv ysuf,Gif;rISdaeygu jyefvnfaqmufwnf&eftwGuf
vnf;aumif ;

crnf;awmftrnf- oka''g'erif
g'erif;BuD;
r,fawmftrnf- rm,ma'0D
zGm;awmfrl&ma'o vkreD (eDaygEdkifiH)
rif;om;b0trnf od'w
w
Muif,mawmftrnf - ,aomf"&m
om;awmftrnf - &m[kvm
awmxGufaom touft&G,f 29 ESpf
'kum&p&d,musifhaomumv 6 ESpf
aAm"dyif yanmifyif
bk&m;tjzpfaoma&mufawmfrlaomaeU uqkefvjynfhaeU?oufawmf (35)
bk&m;tjzpfa&mufawmfrl&mae&m - *,mNrdKU (tdEd,Ed
,EdkifiH)
y&dedAmefpHawmfrlonfh oufawmf? 0gawmf oufawmf 80 0gawmf 45
y&dedAmefpHawmfrlonfh ae&m ukodem&Hk

p&P wpfq,fhig;yg;

bk&m;*k
m;*kPfawmfudk;yg;teuft"dyg,f
1/t&[H*kPfawmf = udavomtnpftaMu;wdkUrS uif;a0;pif Munfawmf
rlaom jrwfpGmbk&m; ?
2/ ormorKa'
a' g=g= odp&mrSeforQwpfprusef o,rLOmPfjzifh
trSeftwdkif;odawmfrlaomjrwfpGmbk&m;
3/0dZmp&PoraEm=todw&m;? tusifhw&m;wdkUESifhjynfhpHkawmfrlaom
jrwfpGmbk&m;
m ; (0g) 0dZmoHk;yg;? 0dZmSpfyg;? p&Pw&m
p&Pw&m;;
wpfq,fhig;yg;wdkUESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaomjrwfpGmbk&m;
m;
4/ok*awm
awm== usdK;Sd[ kwfrSef ESpfwefaompum;udkom rdefUMum;awmfrl
wwfaomjrwfpGmbk&m;

bk&m;*
m;*kkPfawmfudk;yg;teuf
5/avmu0d'l=owavmu?
vmu? Moumoavmu?
umoavmu? ocFg&avmu [kqdktyfaom
avmuoHk;cGifudk tukeftpifodjrifawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
m;
6/tEk
6/
tEkwa&myk&do 'rom&xd=r,Of
=r,Ofaus;Mujim;ow0grsm;udk ,Of
,Ofyg;avatmif
aoG;aqmif qHk;rjcif; wkzufuif;awmfrlaomjrwfpGmbk&m;
m;
7/ow
7/
owm a'0rEkmeH
meH=vlewfjA[mow0gwdkU\ q&mwpfql tppf
jzpfawmfrlaom jrwfpGmbk&m;
m;
8/ Aka''g= opmav;yg;
av;yg; trSefw&m;udk ydkif;jcm;xifxif odjrifawmfrlaom
jrwfpGmbk&m;
m;
9/ b*0g = &d,ponf bkef;ajcmufvDESifh pHknDjynfh0awmfrlaom
jrwfpGmbk&m;

bkef;awmfajcmufyg;g;
(u) udk,fawmfjrwf\ pdwfawmfudk pdk;ydkif Edkifeif;awmfrljcif;wnf;[l
;[laom
&d, bkef;awmf
(c) r*f
r*fzdkvfedAmef udk;wefaom avmukw&mw&m;wnf;[l
;[laom "rbk
bek f;awmf
(*) [k
[kwfwdkif;rSwfpGm oHk;jzmaomavmuwGifysHUESHUausmfapm&jcif; wnf;[l
;[laom
,o bkef;awmf
(C) t*F
t*FgBuD;i,f wifhw,fjynfhNzdK; tcsdK;wus oyg,fawmfrlvSjcif;
wnf;[l
;[laom od&D bkef;awmf
(i) tvdkawmfSdwdkif; rqdkif;cPNyD;pD;awmfrl&jcif;wnf[laom umr bkef;awmf
(p) t&[w
t&[wr*fPf? oAnKwPfwdkifatmif&apEdkifaom
BuHUcdkifBuD;rm;aom 0D&d,awmfwnf;[l
[laom y,w
y,w bkef;awmf

Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;\tqif; usufoa&awmf

aerif;onf aeUtcgom awmufy\/

vrif;onf ntcgom awmufy\/
rif;onf rif;ajrmufwefqmig;yg; qif,ifxm;rS usufoa&&Sd\/
&[Em udk,fawmfjrwfonf psmeformywf 0ifpm;rS MunfndKzG,f
jzpfonf/
Ak'jrwfpGmbk&m;onf awaZmig;yg;jzifh aetaxmifvtaxmif
uJhodkUaeUa&mnyg tcgywfvHk;awmufyNyD; &[Em udk,fawmfjrwf
uka#rsm;pGm psmeformywf0ifpm;onfxuf ydk oyg,fawmfrlMu
yg\/

w&m;*k
w&m
;*kPfawmfajcmufyg;t"dyg,f
b*0wm "ar
"arm = Sifawmfjrwfbk&m; a[mrd
a[ mrdefUMum;onfh r*
r*ffav;yg;?
v;yg ;?
zdkvfav;yg;?
v;yg ;? edAmef y&d,wf tm;jzifh q,fyg;aom
w&m;awmfjrwfonf ...
...
oGmumawm = empOfcsrf;om usifhcsrf;om csrf;omjrwfrSef at;edAmef[k
[k
oHk;wefaumif;jcif; jynfhpHkvQif;atmif Sif;vif;a[mM
a[mMum;awmfrltyfaom
w&m;awmfjrwfygaywnf;/;/
oEd|d|ad um = olrsm;ajymMum;pum;ESifhrQr,Hk&bJ useudk,fwdkif odjrifEdkifaom
w&m;awmfjrwfygaywnf;/;/
tumvdaum = tcsdefrvifh rzifhraES; csufcsif;tusdK;ay;aom w&m;awmfjrwf
ygaywnf;/;/

w&m;*k
w&m
;*kPfawmfajcmufyg;t"dyg,f
b*0wm "ar
"arm = Sifawmfjrwfbk&m; a[mrd
a[ mrdefUMum;onfh r*
r*ffav;yg;?
v;yg ;?
zdkvfav;yg;?
v;yg ;? edAmef y&d,wf tm;jzifh q,fyg;aom
w&m;awmfjrwfonf ...
...
{[dyddaum = vmcJhprf;yg Iprf;yg [k0rf;om&TifvdIufzdwfac:xdkufaom
{[
w&m;awmfjrwfygaywnf;/;/
Moyae,daum = qif;&J
;&JoG,foG,f aysmufuG,fapwwf pGrf;&nf
;&nfjrwfaMumifh
udk,fxJpdwfrSm aumif;pGmwnfatmif usifhaqmifodrf;xm;xdkufaom
w&m;awmf jrwfygaywnf;/;/
ypwH a0'dwaAm 0dnL[d = opmodjrif ynmSifSpfyg; t&d,mrsm;onfomvQif
udk,fpDudk,fiS od& cHpm;&
m;&aom
aom w&m;awmfjrwfygaywnf;/;/

oHCmh*kPfawmfudk;yg;t"dyg,f
b*0wm om0uoHaCm= a&Tbkef;awmfocif Sifawmfjrwfbk&m;\
m; \
wynfhomarmf t&d,moHCmawmfonf ...
...
oky#dyaEm = udavomNidrf;aMumif; aumif;pGmusifhBuHawmfrlygay\
gay\/
OZky#dyaEm = omaX rm,m uif;pifuGmajzmifhpGmusifhBuHawmfrlygay\
gay\/
,y#dyaEm= edAmeftusdK;arQmfudk;&nf
;&nfoef usifhBuHawmfrlygay\
gay\/
omrdpdy#dyaEm= r*ifSpf&yf tusifhjrwfaMumifh wkyf0yfdkaoavsmfuefatmif
usifhBuHawmfrlygay\
gay\/

oHCmh*kPfawmfudk;yg;t"dyg,f
,'dd'H pwm&d yk&do,k *ged t| yk&doyk **vm {ob*0awm om0uoHaCm
,'
=
tpHkav;yg;
v;yg ; oD;jcm;xkwfaz:
z : jrwfbk&m;
m;\ wynfhom;armf t&d,m
oHCmawmfonf tm[kkaea,sm= ta0;rSaqmif,l ypnf;udkrlvnf; ay;vSLjcif;iSm
tm[
xdkufawmfrlygay\
gay\/
yg[
yg
[kaea,sm = {nf
{nfhonfzdkU&m &nfumaqmifxm;
m; ypnf;rsm;yif pdwfxm;jzLpif
ay;vSLjcif;iSm xdkufawmfrlygay\
gay\/
'udaPa,sm= wrvGefpcef;aumif;zdkUrSef; vSL'gef;jcif;iSm xdkufawmfrlygay\
gay\/
tOvdu&PDa,m = dkaojrwfEdk; vuftkyfrdk;Sdcdk;jcif;iSm xdkufawmfrlygay\
gay\/

oHCmh*kPfawmfudk;yg;t"dyg,f
,'dd'H pwm&d yk&do,k *ged t| yk&doyk **vm {ob*0awm om0uoHaCm
,'
=
tpHkav;yg;
v;yg ; oD;jcm;xkwfaz:
z : jrwfbk&m;
m;\ wynfhom;armf t&d,m
oHCmawmfonf tEkw&H yknauwH avmu - ewfvltrsm; aumif;rIyGm;zdkU BuJxm;ysdK;cs
wkr&onfh aumif;vSv,fajr ,majryrm jzpfawmfrlygay\
gay\/

oHCmh*kPfaus;Zl;

r*Fvmw&m;wdkUonf avmukw&moD;oefU
nTefjyaomw&m;rsm;r[kwfMuyg/ pifppf avmuDudp
tawmfrsm;rsm;udkvrf;jyxm;aomw&m;yifjzpfonf/
ewfvlwdkUusifhoHk;ygu atmifjrif?csrf;om?xif&Sm;? ausmfMum;
&efol[lonfr&SdyJ pdwfa&mudk,fygcsrf;omjcif;tppfudk&&ayrnf/

(1) qufqHa&;r*Fvm (3)yg;

vlrdkufESifh raygif;oifhESifh?
vlvdrmESifh aygif;oif;yg?
ylaZmfxdkufoludk ylaZmfyg/

(2) aexdkifa&;r*
&;r*FFvm (3) yg
yg;;

oifhawmf&mt&yfa'owGif aexdkifyg?g?
aS;ujyKzl;aomukodkvfaumif;rISdygap?
rdrdudk,fudkaumif;pGm xdef;yg?
yg?

(3) ynma
ynma&;r*
&;r*FFvm (4) yg
yg;;

tMum;tjrifrsm;ygap?
;ygap?
ESKwfrI vufrI ynmrsm; wwfatmifoifyg?g?
udk,fusifhw&m;udkem;vnfatmifBudK;pm;
apmifhxdef;yg?
yg?
tajymtqdkvdrmuRrf;usifygap/
gap/

(4) jyKpkapmifhaSmufa&;r*F
&;r* Fvm (3) yg
yg;;

rdbudk dkaopGmvkyfauR;jyKpkyg?
om;r,m;udkvkyfauR;apmifhaSmufyg?
tjypfrSdaom tvkyfwm0efudkausyGefyg/

(5)vd
(5)
vdkufemusifhoHk;a&;r*
a &;r*FFvm (4) yg
yg;;

vSL'gef;ay;urf;yg?
yg?
w&m;udk usifhBuHtm;xkwfyg?g?
aqGrsdK;wdkUudk txdkuftavsmufaxmufyHhyg?g?
trsm;tusdK;udk aqmif&Gufyg/g/

(6)aSmifMuOfa&;r*F
&;r* Fvm (4) yg
yg;;

raumif;rIudk BudKwifa0;pGmaSmifMuOfyg?
raumif;rIESifh xdyfwdkufBuHKvmvQif
txl;aSmifMuOfyg?
ao&nfao&uf raomufpm;ygESifh?
ukodkvfaumif;rIw&m;wdkUudk rarUygESifh/

(7)pdpdwfaepdwfxm;a&;r*
(7)
m;a &;r*FFvm (5) yg
yg;;

touf*k*kPf0gBuD;ol?dkaoxdkufoludk dkaoyg?
rdrdudk,fudk EdSrfhcsyg?g?
&orQESifh a&mifh&Jwif;wdrfyg?g?
olwyg;
yg; jyKzl;onfhaus;Zl;udk odwwfyg?g?
tcgtm;avsmfpGm w&m;emyg
w&m;emyg//

(8)onf
(8)
onf;cHa &;r*
&;r*FFvm (4) yg
yg;;

t&m&mwGifonf;cHyg?g?
oGefoifqHk;rjcif;udkem,lvG,fygap?
gap?
&[efef;?;? oHCmrsm;udkzl;ajrmfyg?g?
&[
rMumcP w&m;aqG;aEG;yg/
yg/

(9)Ncd
(9)
NcdK;NcHacRwma&;r*
cRwma &;r*FFvm (4) yg
yg;;

NcdK;NcHacRwmyg?
myg?
jrifhjrwfaom tusifhudkusifhyg?g?
opmav;yg;
av;yg; w&m;udkodatmifusifhyg?g?
edAmefudkjrifatmif Iyg/

(10)pdpdwf"gwfBuHUcdkifa &;r*
(10)
&;r*FFvm (4) yg
yg;;

avmu"Hw&m;
&m; wpfyg;yg;ESifh
xdawGUcHpm;&
m;&aom
aom tcg rwkefvIyfygESifh?
pdk;&d
;&drfaomursm;udkrjzpfygapESifh?
avmbBuD;rIIrSdygapESifh?
Munfvifat;csrf;atmif pdwfudk avhusifh
arG;jrLyg/
Lyg/

r*FFvmw&m;
r*
mw&m; (38) rsdK;udkvdkufemusifhoHk ;&jcif
;&jcif;tusdK ;
r*
r*FFvmw&m;
mw&m;

(38) rsdK;udkvdkufemusifhoHk;vQif
tvHk;pHkaom t&yfwdkU &ef
&eftaygif;wdkUonf
rdrdtay:pdk;pif;rQusa&mufEdkifjcif;rSdbJ?
tvHk;pHkaomt&yfwkdUrS aumif;usdK;csrf;omrsm;onf
rdrdxHodkUa&mufSdMu&onf/ jzpfav&moHo&mwGif
csrf;omokcrsm;udk aqmifusOf;ay;Edkifonf/
edAmefudka&mufSd? &Sdatmifvnf; aus;Zl;jyKEdkifonf/

omoem(3)yg;
(1) y&d,wdomoem = edAmefa&mufaMumif;w&m;wdkUudk
oiftHavhusufjcif; (usifhenf;oifjcif;)
(2) y#dyw
ywdomoem = edAmefa&mufaMumif;tm;xkwfusifhBuHjcif;
(3) y#da0'omoem = usifhBuHjcif;jynfhpHkrIaMumifh jzpfay:vmaom
tusdK;w&m; (ed
( edAmefudk&Sdjcif;)

y&d,wdonf (Theory) jzpf y#d

y#dyw
ywdonf (Practical) jzpfonf/
tbd"rm onf Theory ESifh Practical udk Analysis vkyfjyaom?
Proof vk y f j yaom Methods 0g Tools rsm;jzpf M uonf /
Ak'w&m;awmf
w&m;awmfrsm;onf tvGefjynfhpHkvGef;vSygayonfwum;/

bHkoHk;yg;
yg; (31)bH
(31)bHk
ow0gwdkUusifvnf&mjzpfaom 3131-bHk tusOf; (3) yg
yg;;

1/ umrbHk - tyg,fav;bHk+vlUbHk+ewf ajcmufbHk

4+1+6= 11 bHk
2/ lyjA[mbH
mbHk
3/ tlyjA[mbH
mbHk

16 bHk
4 bHk

yd#u'f
#u'foHk;yHk
(1) okwef ynwfrsm;jzifh wefqmqifa[
a[mMum;tyfaom
edAmefa&mufaMumif;w&m;rsm;
w&m;rsm ; (usif
(usifhenf;rsm;)
rsm ;) pkpnf;
xm;aom w&m;tpk
(2) 0denf; - &[
&[efef;awmfrsm;twGuf jrwfpGmbk&m;tmPmawmf
jy|mef
jy
|mef;wm;jrpfcJhaom odumyk'f rsm;pkpnf;xm;onfh
w&m;tpk
(3) tbd"rm y&rww&m;rsm;taMumif;udkom oD;oefU
a[mMum
a[
mMum;; cJhaom w&m;tpk

"rcEmaygif; Spfaomif;av;axmif
okwefyd#uu-"rcEmaygif;-21000
0denf;yd#uu-"rcEmaygif;-21000
tbd"rmyd#uu-"rcEmaygif;-42000

0denf;yd#u
oHCmawmfrsm;apmifhxdef;&ef bk&m;Sif tmPmawmfoHk; jyXmef;
xm;aom odumyk'frsm;jzpfonf/
0denf;yd#uwGif odumyk'faygif; uka#udk;axmif wpf&mhSpfq,fh
ig;oef; oHk;aomif;ajcmufaxmif ygSdonf/

avmu"H(8)yg
(8)yg;;
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

vmabm = vmbf&jcif;
,aom = ta
ta>>ct&H
ct&Haygjcif;
yoHom=
m= csD;rGrf;cH&jcif;
okcH = csrf;omjcif;

(5) tvmabm = vmbfr&jcif;

(6) t,aom = ta
ta>>ct&Henf;jcif;
(7) edEm = uJh&JUcH&jcif;
(8) 'k'kuH = qif;&J
;&Jjcif;

F rD;(11)yg
;(11)yg;; G
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)

&m*rD; (avmb
&m*rD
(avmb)) wyfrufESpfoufojzifhylavmif&jcif;/
a'gorD; - pdwfqdk;ojzifh ylavmif&jcif;/
arm[rDrD; - trSefrodjcif;aMumifh ylavmif&jcif;/
arm[
ZmwdrD; - b0topfjzpf&ojzifh ylavmif&jcif;/
Z&mrD; - tkdrif;&jcif;aMumifh ylavmif&jcif;/
r&PrD; - aoysuf&jcif;aMumifh ylavmif&jcif;/
aomurD; - pdk;&d
;&drfylaqG;&jcif
;&jcif;jzifh ylavmif&jcif;/
y&da'0rD; - idka<u;dIufiif&jcif;jzifh ylavmif&jcif;/
'kurD; - udk,fqif;&J
;&J&jcif;jzifh ylavmif&jcif;/
a'grerD
a'gre
rD; - pdwfqif;&J
;&J&jcif;jzifh ylavmif&jcif;/
Oyg,morD; - jyif;jypGmpdwfESvHk;ylavmif&jcif;/;/

yg&rD q,fyg;g;
1/
2/
3/
4/
5/
6/
7/
8/
9/
10/

'geyg&rD = pGefUBuJa y;urf ; vSL'gef;jcif ;/;/

oDvyg&rD= udk,fESifh ESKwfudk xdrf;odrf ;jcif ;/;/
eduryg&rD= umr
umr**kPfrS xGufajrmufjcif ;/;/
ynmyg&rD= xdk;xGif;ESdK if ; csd ef odjcif;/;/
0D&d,yg&rD= BudK;pm;tm;xkwfj cif ;/;/
cEDyg&rD = onf;cHcGi fhvGw fj cif;/
;/
opmyg&rD= rSefuefp Gmajymqdkj cif ;/rS
;/ rS efu ef p GmjyKvk yfj cif ;/;/
t"d|meyg&rD = rnfrQtcuftcJawGa wGU aeaomfvnf; NyD;ajrmuf atmif
jyKvkyfEdkifjcif ;/
arwmyg&rD = ouf&Sdow0gtm;vH k;\aumif ;usdK;udkv dkvm;jcif ;?;?
aumif;usdK;&
;&atmif
atmifusif hjcif;/
;/
Oayumyg&rD = rdrdtm;csD ; rG rf ;*k
; *kPfj yKol rsm;tay:
sm;tay: cspfcifw G,fwmpdwf rxm
rxm;?;?
rdrdtm;uJh&JU Iwfcsolrsm;tay:vnf ; a'gopdwf rxm;bJ vpfvsLIum
udk,fhtvkyfudk qufvkyfjcif;/
;/

yg&rDjzpfjcif;^rjzpfjcif;
Ak'bmom0ifwdkUonf ukodkvf (10) yg;udk jyKusifhMu&mwGif yg&rDpm&if;0if^r0ifudk
qef;ppfwwf&efvdktyfonf/ yg&rDpm&if;0ifatmif ukodkvfudk jznfhusifhwwf&efvnf; vdkygonf/
Oyrm - 'getrsdK;tpm; ukodkvf taMumif;w&m;udkjyKonfqdkygpdkU/
&&SdEdkifaomukodkvftrsdK;tpm; tusdK;w&m;onf umrm0p& ukodkvf jzpfonf/
,if;ukodkvfonf umrok*wd 7 bHkac:vlUbHkESifh ewf 6bHk b0rsm;&&SdEdkifatmif
wdkuf&dkuftusdK;jyKEdkifaomfvnf; jA[mbHkb0ESifh edAmef odkUa&muf&Sdatmif rnfodkUrQ
rwwfEdkifyg/(tqifhjrifhydkif; tbd"rmu@wGif tus,f&Iyg)
edAmef qdkonfrSm 31 bHkwGifryg0ifaom tavmu jzpfojzifh avmu obm0rsm;rS
&kef;xGufvdkaom pdwfjzifh (edAmef&&Sda&;udk pdwfnTwfNyD;) EIwfrS^pdwfrS &Gwfqdkqkawmif;ygu
,if;'geonf yg&rDpm&if;0ifaom 'gejzpfayonf/ ,if;odkUtydkqkawmif;jcif;jzifh
qdkif&mtusdK;udk avsmhyg;oGm;apjcif;r&Sdyg/ ('getaMumif;tus,f&I)
ygVdvdk&Gwfqdkvdkygu]]{"Har'geH edAmeypa,m a[mwk}} [kqdkEkdifonf/
jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf tavmif;awmfb0rsm;pGm yg&rDjznfhusifhpOfu
]]aAm"dOmeypa,m a[mwk}} [kpdwfnTwfqkawmif;cJhonf/
txufygenf;udkod&Sdygu 'gejyKojzifh vlewfb0rsm;wGif jynfhpHkjcif; tusdK;aus;Zl;
&&SdEdkifaomfvnf; ,if;vl^ewfb0rsm;onf vnf; csrf;omjcif;tppftrSef r[kwfao;ojzifh
tdk?em?ao 'kursm;&ifqdkif&OD;rnfudkem;vnfNyD; ukodkvfjyKwdkif; ]]edAmeypa,m a[mwk}}[k
ukokdvfjyKwdkif; jyKwdkif; qkawmif;wwf&rnf/ qkawmif;&rnf/

aAm"dyud,w&m;
w&m; (37) yg
yg;;

owdy|mef (4) yg
yg;;
ory"mef (4) yg
yg;;
'ddyg'f
'
yg'f (4) yg
yg;;
a`E
`E (5) yg
yg;;
Adkvf (5) yg
yg;;
aAmZif (7) yg
yg;;
r*if (8) yg
yg;;

aAm"dPf
Pf\ toif;tyif;
jzpfaomaMumifh aAm"dyud,w&m;
w&m;
[kac:onf/

owdy|mef (4) yg;

um,mEkyem
emowd
owdy|mef rdrdcEEmud
mudk mPfpdkuf kyfw&m;\
&m;\
azgufjyef^ajymif;vJrIudk jrifatmif IrSwfjcif;/
a0'emEkyem
emowd
owdy|mef emusifcHcufaom 'kua0'em?
auseyfESpfoufzG,f okca0'em? rxifr&Sm; Oayu
Oayuma0'em rsm;udk
ay:vGifatmifIrSwfjcif;/
pdwmEkyem
emowd
owdy|mef awG;awm?BuHpnf? cHpm;?ylyef? qHk;jzwf?
rSwfom; pdwf\vkyfaqmifrIrsm; tm;vkHk;udk apmifhMunfh IrSwfjcif;/
"r
"rmEkyem
emowd
owdy|mef ukodkvfjzpfzG,f "r
"rw&m;wdkU\ od^BuHrIrsm;
udk tvGwfray;yJ&IrSwfjcif;/

r*ifSpfyg;
ynmrr*if
ynm

oDvr*if

orm"d r*if

opmav;yg;
'kuopm - qif;&J;&Jjcif;trSefw&m;
&m; -( qif;&J;&Jjcif;tusdK;w&m;)
;w&m;) (rD; eJUwlw,f)
ork',opm - qif;&J;&JjzpfaMumif;trSefw&m;
&m; -( qif;&J;&Jjcif;taMumif;w&m;)
w&m;)
(avmifpmeJUwlw,f)
r*opm - qif;&J;&JrS vGvGwfaMumif;xGuf&yfvrf;trSefw&m;
&m;-(qif;&J;&JrSvGwfjcif;taMumif;w&m;)
w&m;)
(rD;Nidrf;apjcif; taMumif;)
eda&m"opm - qif;&J;&JrSvGwfjcif;trSefw&m;
&m; (qif
(qif;&J;&JrSvGwfjcif;tusdK;w&m;)
;w&m;)(xm0&'k
(xm0&'kurD;
Nidrf;jcif; tusdK;)

ow0gwdkU \ y#doaE
aE wnf
wnfjcif;yHkpH av;rsdK ;
Oyywf y#doaE
aE - okccHpm;Edkifaomt&G,f 'kucHpm;Edkifaomt&G,f
wpfae&mrSusvmouJhodkU bGm;ueJjzpfjcif;
oHao'Z y#doaE
aE - toD;?;? tyGifh? a&nSd? tykyfnSd ponfwdkUudk pGJrSD
jzpfaom y#doaE
aE
t@Z y#doaE
aE - OcGHtwGif;jzpfaom y#doaE
aE
ZvmAkZ y#doaE
aE - trd0rf;twGif; jzpfaom y#doaE
aE

udavom oHk;rsdK;
tEko,udavom - cE
cEmtpOf
mtpOf arG;puwnf;u tNrJudef;0yf ygSdaom
udavom rsdK;"gwfonf a&? ajr oifhwifhaom tajctaewGif
tyifayguf&ef tNrJtoifh Sdaeonf/
y&d,k|meudavom - tmHkESifh qHkawGUojzifh avmb? a'gorsm;tjzpf
pdwfxJx<uvmNyD;qdkif&mtukodkvf tyifaygufvmayonf/
0Dwdurudavom - pdwfxJx<u,HkwifrubJ avmbtavQmuf
a'gotavsmuf ukd,frI? ESKwfrI vSKyfSm;vsuf azgufjym;usL;vGefaom tcg
qdkif&mtukodkvftoD;tyGifhwdkUjzpfay:um oHo&mwGif
,if;uHtaMumif;w&m;onf EGm;ajc&mudk vSnf;bD;u eif;ouJhodkU
tusdK;w&m;udk jyefvnfxkwfvkyf&ef tjrJvdkufaernfomjzpfonf/

udavom oHk;rsdK;udktqifhtvdkufy,fowfjcif;
0Dwdurudavom onf oDvjzifhy,fowfEdkifonf/ (oDvonf udk,frI? ESKwfrIudk
razgufjyefatmifxdef;Edkifonf/)
y&d,k|meudavom onf pdwfjzifhusL;vGefjcif;jzpfojzifh oDv y,fowfEdkifaom
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ausmfrsdK;0if;-tarrtea@gmail.com
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