1

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edayelak Guit-sarin
GtItsasacarmFmsikabzmPUmi
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teTAeTotVneT.

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EfmTSgnSsgmCatieTArkesckIsab'swgecosminputeTotpg

bsinebIbeTsCatiFak'eTAk~gkNab'dkumynis.
ebIbCaCatiFak'eTAk~gkNab'dkumynis

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sBfenH KanKMnitckBtiniym nigKMnitrattatTwkdniym (Expansionnisme) Ebbf

NamYymansmses~h_nwgkmSgsb (Force d'attraction) CaCagKMnitbeJHePIgsgambd^vtn_

sgmniymenHeT. tamry:TwsI ma"kis eLnInis yYneyokkug-eyokNamxageCg

EdlenAmanKMnitCatiniymxSgenAeLIy QanmkelbTwkdNcinTSgmUl smnwgCatiyYn

CaBUCsasn_xSg qat BUEkCageyIgeTotpg.
etIbkkumynisExr

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Gac[T&Bttta (Force d'occupation) rbs'yYnxageCgdkfyBITwkdExrVneT?

ebIExrFak'eTAk~gkNab'dkumynis

nationale)

Gs'eKalcritCati

ma"kis.

(Entit

sgmExrf

nationale)

nwgGs'xwmsarCati

sgmExrftvEbkayeTAtam

(Essence
sgm

ebIGs'xwmsarCatiehIy (manBHBuTsasnaCaGaT_i) sgmExrcas'CarlaycUleTA

k~gsgmCatiyYnedaymindgxn eJHkmSgsbBIsMNak'sgmyYn tvEtKbsgt'Tb'min

Q~HmkelIsgmExr. enHehIyCadegmcugekaynCv^tExr !!!

f~ak'FM@

KWk~geKalbMNgCYybMPWeKaledAxH@ enAk~gpk~gbJaExr nigcg'qHbgajnUveKaH

elcecjmkBIBYkkumynisenAk~gbeTs

eTIbxMbfuyebIkkkaynUvGnusavrIy_

pal'xnEdlxMVnCYbbTH VnEhlqgxngenAk~gCYrExrkhm k~gry:eBl 9 Ex.

tamBit kUnesovePAtUcenHKan'EtCakmgGnusavrIy_ (Album de souvenirs) pal'xn

mYytUcbu"eNaH CakmgksarBItMbn'Exrkhm.

sUm[kUnksarenH VnkayeTACav^PaKTand*scesIgmYy k~gkarbgbbgmrvag

ExrnigExr k~gkal:eTs:bcbn~enH.

eFIenAP~MeBj, fTI 28 kkda 1973

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f 17-18 emsa 1972

eyIgVnTTYlTandeNkenAk~gxmcMkarEdleKVneVHbg'ecal.

CaG~kTTYlxustvelIsnisuxnigdeNIreyIgxM

emkgQb

rNsir

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suMEqkkabUbeyIgEkgmanGavuF v^Tk~genaH. eKes~IsuMkuMCk'VrIEkg xSg emIleXIj.

enACuv^jeyIg kgQb 6 7 nak'pas'evnK~ayam.

BwkeLIg f 18 emsa evlaem"ag 5 kgQbCUndeNIreyIgeTAkan'PUmimYyeTot enA

cMgaybmaN 7 8 Km BIsukkntk~gextkNal. ePgedmq~SFak'eCakCSrhUt. dl'

PUmi eyIgVnCYbbTHkgQbmYykumeTot manBIrnak'kMBugbriePaKGahar. eyIgVnsaKmn_

PatrPaBbd^vtn_ CamYykgQbTSgenaH ehIyBYkeKVnehAeyIg[cUlrYmGaharCamYy

BYkeK EtBYkeKsmwgeyIgedayykcitTukdak' dUcmanGakar:cEmkGIm"agenAk~gxneyIg b-

EhlCaeKmineBjcitnwgrebobeskJk' Gakbkiriyarbs'eyIgk*mindg. eKminsUvedj

edaleyIgeT. cMENkeyIgv^j eyIgk*rka lkN_karsmat' minhanedjedalsYreK

v^jEdr sUmIEteQaHPUmik*eyIgminhanes~IsYr eJH s~gkarneyaVy eFIkarbgb'xnenA

TIkugP~MeBjm~ak'EdlCUndeNIreyIg VnekInrMlwkkuM[eyIgbegbVb'eQaHBitVkd mux

garrbs'eyIg[nrNadg[esaH. eyIgVnCYbs~gkarneyaVykugenH enAratIfTI 17

emsa 1972 EteyIgBuMsal'eQaH muxgaredmrbs' <mit> enHeT. erOgrkakarsmat'Kb'TI

kEng nigKb'kal:eTs:Cav^n&yTI 1 rbs'GgkarExrkhmEdleyIgVnTTYltampv.

enAem"ag 8 knHyb' eyIgVncUlmkdl'PUmimYyeTot edayedrtamPWEsxs'@ sMbUr

eTAedayedmet~atnigedmsEg. G~ksukm~ak'enAk~gPUmienH VnCUndeNIreyIgbneTAmuxeTot.

kumrYmdeNIrrbs'eyIgekInVnK~a

nak'.

eyIgBuMdgfaeKmanbMNgnSeyIgeTAdl'Na?

TMB&rpgeBgmYyEbbfrbs'eyIg VnebIkeLIgminxusBIJkeJlfa edreTAcUlrUgxa eT

EteyIgmanCenOxH@ eTAelIsmtPaBedaHkunrbs'eyIg nigeTAelIsnancitCHfapal'xnk~g

bJaCati.

bnab'BIeyIgmankarQWcab'nwgGMeBIQanJnrbs'eyokkug

nigeyokNamxageCg

mkelITwkdExrmk eyIgrwtEtmankarQWcab'eBItxSgNas'eTAeTot k~gerOgXubXwtrbs'Exr

khmCamYyeyokkug-eyokNamxageCg.

5
dl'Jk'kNalGFat

eyIgVnmkdl'parsn'-TenVTI

ehvht'resHresaHd

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sn' erobcM[eyIgsMrakenApHeTomcinmYy Edlmas'VneVHbg'ecal. yb'enaHeyIgVn

TTYlTandeNklk'sb'sl'.
f 19-20 emsa :

BwkeLIg karcab'GarmN_dbUgrbs'eyIg KWsPaBsat'Cgrbs'TIbCuCnenH. pHFM@

eTomcinCaecInbiTTarecal. manKsar 7-8 Ksarbu"eNaHEdlkajenATIenH. bFanrN

sirCakUnecAcinmaDdbg rUbragsat kJrsgabWtVrIswksEgeFIvahI. eyIgql'faehtuGI

k*mitenHminrt'eTAenArksIuparknt P~MeBj, EbrCaenAXubXwtnwgExrkhmeyokkugeyok

NamxageCgeNHeTAv^j? mYyk*kajcSeqteFIQjkNalrksuICamYy Ggkar eT

dg? .

em"agbmaN 6 knHBwk eKehAeyIgeTAbriePaKVyenAelIpHFMmYyEdlmas'eVHbg'

ecal. enATIenaHeyIgVnCYbbTH nigsMEdgkarKYrsmCamYymitembJakar kgry (kg

GnuesnaFM) embJakarkgvresnatUc nig mits~gkarneyaVyBIrnak'eTot. mitTSgGs'enaH

sEmgTwkcitesamnsrIkray cMeJHvtmanrbs'eyIgenAk~gCYrrbs'eK. mans~gkarneya-

Vym~ak' CaGtItKbegn VnhucVrIsJaswkmasmkxMmYyedm ehIysYrsuxTukrbs'

eyIgenAtampv. eyIgk*sMEdgGMNrKuNtbteTAeKv^j ehIyrg'cSsMnYrdTeTot EtmitenaH

EbrCaniyayBICvbvtixH@ rbs'eKVb'xMeTAv^j KWeKCaGtItKbegn Cab'nwgclnabd^-

vtn_ enHCayUrmkehIy. ekayBwtikarN_ 18 mina 1970 eKrt'mkrYmkmSgenAk~gB

eJHmitenaHFab' EbkmuxEbkmat' (Pasarbs'eKmann&yfa EbkkarN_smat') mgrYcmk

ehIy. mitenaHVnVb'mkeyIgeTotfa bnbusrbs'eKm~ak'eTot CasasacarmFmsika
bzmPUmieQaH stq Vnrt'cUlmkrYmkmSgbd^vtn_rbs'eKcMnYn 4 ExmunenHEdr.

mitm~ak'eTot bEhlCas~gkarneyaVy kgry VnBiPakaCamYyeyIgBIbJa

escsIhnu.

mitenaHbEhlCayl'fa

eyIgBitCa

s~l

ExrkhmeFIkarenAkug

P~MeBj Fab' Cab'clnatsU rbs'eKtSgBICnan'escsIhnu VnCamitenaHeFaysMdfa

\Ggkarmin[sIhnumksukExrk~geBlLvenHeT eJHebI[sIhnumk cas'CabCaCnrt'

eTArksIhnuehIy cMENkeyIgv^j eyIgBitCaeVsKUTTeT.

sMdenHPamxMPak'eBIt eJHdbUgxMKan'Etsg&yfa ExrkhmnigescsIhnu emc

eTACatvr"UvnwgK~aeTArYc ebImagCakumynis mageTotCaescCaskiPUmi. enAmancMNucCaecIn

eTotEdleyIgenAsBicsBil EteyIgminhanbegbsYr KWcMNucTak'TgnwgrNsirnigrda

PiVlrYbrYmCatikmCa nigeyokkug-eyokNamxageCg.

6
eJHEteyIgcg'dgBIkarBitenAk~gbJaExr

nigeJHEtQWcab'nwgerOgExrkhmcUl

hunnwgeyokkug-eyokNamxageCg k~gkarkab'smab'ExrK~ag eTIbeyIgbfuyxneFImmac

edrcUlePIg edaymanGavuFma"g KWqn:smbsmlxngeTAtamsanPaB nigqn:sLaj'

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EP~keBlelakrMlwkBI BlwgExr mg@ .

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karkugP~MeBjk*ehAmitenaHeTAxwbsat'@

bEhlCaeKhamVmmin[niyayerOgenHteTA

eTot eKxwbVb'K~aeKfaminEmn s~l Exrkhmk*mindg.

enAem"ag 4 resl manmnusBIrnak' ykkg'mkbJiHeyIgeTAkan'PUmix~arEtg cmay

bmaN 1 Km knH BIparsn'. enAtampv ynehaH et-28 BIreKOgeTIbv^lmkBITMlak'

Kab'Ebk.

PUmix~arEtgk*mansPaBsat'Cg yUr@mg eKCYbbTHG~ksukm~ak'. pHekgCaecIn

tveKeVHbg'ecal

nigtvKab'EbkFHFaydMbUl

CJSg.

enAekampHBIrx~g

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khmmYykm manK~abmaN 50 nak'kMBugerobcMbriePaKVy CamYynwgyuvnarI 4 nak' Edl

eyIgsn~idanfaCaeBTsmab'kgT&B.

kgT&BenHCakgT&BbcStMbn' 15, mitembJakarTTYleyIgedayrak'Tak' eKyknMnig

LwkTuMmk[eyIgbriePaK rYck*saksYreyIgBIsanPaBenAP~MeBj BInayTahansaFarNrd

BIGaemrikSg. cMeLIyrbs'eyIg faKankgT&BGaemrikSgenAP~MeBjeT hak'dUcCaeFI[eKmineC

nigmineBjcitesaH. eKeqt{kaskMBugsnnaK~aedmIbMpuskMhwgrbs'eK kMhwgbd^vtn_cM-

eJHrbbsaFarNrdeyIg. eKecaTfaCa EqbMerIGaemrikSg CackBti CaBYkmUlFnniym

eyaFaniymhasuis

eTsnarbs'eK.

C^HCan'sgt'sg^n.

eXIjeyIgenAesmeFImuxesI

mitenaHpakFm

f 20 emsa :
BwkeLIg mit <nIrsa> m~ak'eTotTTYlPar:CUndeNIreyIgeTAeTot. eyIgePcCrabfa

mits~gkarneyaVyFMkugP~MeBj EdlCUndeNIreyIgmkdl'sn'-TenVTI tvVnv^lt-

Lb'cUlkugP~MeBjv^j. BIx~arEtgteTA eyIgmanP&BvasnaVnC^Hm"UtUhugdamg. eyIgVnqg

kat'PUmitUc@

CaecIn

ehIysresotampvrfePIgP~MeBj-kMBt.

mitnIrsaVnVb'eyIgfa

eyIgcUlk~gEdndexttaEkvehIy. PUminanacab'manCv^tGUGrCaFmta. enAtampv eyIgCYb

bTHelNdanCahUrEh

bCaksikrbkbkargardUcbktI

karlk'dUrnMcMNIbnicbncman

cb'tampv. enAem"ag 11 eyIgVnqgpvCatielx 3 EkrpvlMeqaHeTAsukbrEst. pHfCa

ecInx~genAGmpvCati tvVk'EbkexcGs' enAsl'EtKMnrGidrV"t'rV"y. f~l'CatitvCk

Kas' kat'pac'edayGenI.

7
eyIgVnmkQb'sMrakenAmuxvtmYyenAxagtgf~l'Cati cMgaybEhl 2 Km . enA

TIenaH manreTHbgbnG~ksukCaecIn Edlrt'ePosxn BYkExrkhmCensmkdl'TIenH.

bnicekaymk manLanhbExrkhmmYyeKOgcgswkeQI ebIkmkQb'enAk~gvt. enAk~g

salaeron nigenAekamkud^elak eyIgbTHeXIjkgT&BExrkhmExrrNsiredkelIGgg

nILgeJgJtdUchgbecov.

enAem"ag 12 ftg' eyIgVnmkdl'TIrYmparbrEst. eTomcinlk'GIva"n' 5-6 enA

ebIkTarsat'Cg. mitnIrsaVnnSeyIgeTACYbbFantMbn'EdlCaGtItKbegnFab'eFIkarenA

salabzmsikasnrmu"k ehIyEdlVnecjeTAenABtSgBIq~S 1966. eyIgBuMGacsav

CavrkeQaHedmeXIjeT eyIgKan'Etsal'eQaHbd^vtn_rbs'eKbu"eNaH (eQaH hM). mit hM

ekayBIVnGanlixitrbs'mits~gkarneyaVykgP~MeBjehIy k*cab'epmsYrBtmaneyIg

BIeQaHBitVkdrbs'eyIg BIGaCvkmenAk~gsgmcas' (enHCasMdrbs'eK) BIsukkMeNIt

BITIkEngeFIkar. bnab'mkk*cak'TwkEthucmk[eyIg BmTSgnSeyIgeTAss'sUbbbrsnwg

tIegot. KWmit hM enHehIyEdlCaG~ktttatMbn'degasukkNalswg manLanGsuy

hymYy nigm"UtUhugdaCaecInsMrab'ebIkar. KWCabursmaDTab mS kMBs'bmaN 1,58 m

minsUvniyaysI manGayubmaN 40 q~S.

enAem"ag 2 resol mitnIrsaEdlVnCUndeNIr VnbneTAmuxeTot. mit hM Vnsr-

esrkUnsMbutmYy[eyIgkan' ehIyVb'fayklixitenHeTAbKl'[mithg' (eQaHbd^vtn_)

enAmnIr 305 pal'd. eyIgeFIdeNIrkat'tamPUmikat'Pk-ksSg mkdl'PUmivalelgk~g

sgat'pug k~gextkMBg'sW. mitnIrsaVnENnSeyIg[ebIJk hUb CnYsJkbriePaK

jS ehIy[TMlab'ebIJk mit dUceKdUcg. mkTl'nwgfenH eyIgVnCYbeyokkugEt 2

nak'bu"eNaH EdlkMBugGgysIuKuyTavenAPUmiksSg-kat'Pk.

mkdl'PUmivalelg mitnIrsa, bnab'BIVnbKl'eyIgniglixitmit hM [GnubFan

mnIrnIrsa nPUmiPaKBiessehIy, k*v^ltLb'ekayv^j. mit mSg (eQaHbd^vtn_) Ca

GnubFanmnIrnIrsa nSeyIgeTAsMrakenAk~gpHG~ksukmYyx~g EdleKykeFICaXSgpkva"n'

mansMBt' ebgkat GMbil sMBt'ekAsU Caedm. mnIrkumenHmanPar:sMrab'cat'EcgdkCJn

va"n'BItMbn'sagekaHFM (tMbn' 25) BIsn'-TenVTI ykeTAPUmiPaKBiess edayqgkat'tam

pvelx 4. manLanFM 3 EdlsuTCaLanrt'Q~l (Lanrt'Q~lFMmYymandak'yIeha huk-

ehg) m"UtUhugda 3 eKOgnigeTackyan 4 5 eTot BmTSgdrI 3 kalTuksMrab'[kum

nIrsaebIVs'k~gkardkCJnva"n'.
f 20 emsadl'f12 sPa 1972 :
enAfdbUg

bCaksikrenAk~gPUmivalelg

TTYlGbGrsaTrnwgeyIgxSgNas'.

KN:kmkarrNsirPUmiVnnSK~aerobcMVyTwkmbcMNITTYleyIg

BmTSgerobcMratIsil:

8
tUcmYyEdlsMEdgedaykumara-kumarIenAk~gPUmi CUnCakitiysdl'eyIgeTotpg. KWCafdbUg

EdleyIgVneXIjTidPaBncMerog nigrVMGgkarbd^vtn_Exrkhm. eyIgmankIrMePIbnigesa-

mnsCaxSgcMeJHemtIPaB nigkarykcitTukdak'rbs'bgbnbCaksikr ehIyeyIgk*Vn

EfgGMNrKuNedayTwkcitsamIPkinigemtIPaBtbteTArkbgbnTSgGs'enaHv^j.

citTukdak'rbs'bgbnbCaksikrmkelIrUbeyIg
eyIgxH@ Edr.

karyk

hak'eFI[mitmSgnigshkarIeKcENnnwg

bCaksikrenAPUmivalelg manCvPaBkxt'xSgNas' mbcMNI tIsac'BuMmanKb'

Kan'eT. bgbnTSgenaHCJk'citeTAelI semc y"ageCA. mancas'TuMCaecInniyay

sresIrBI semc ehIytjEtrfa, \sBfenH rasrgaNas' rgadUckUnman'Vt'em|

(Vt'semcsIhnu).

bCaksikrenAEtsgwmfa

enAeBlNaEdlkgT&BrNsirvayykP~MeBjVn.

semcsIhnunwgv^lmkkan'GMNacv^j

cMENk mit mSg nig mit can' bFanmnIrnIrsaenHv^j suTEtCakbx&Nkumynis.

eKnSK~alak'bMbiTkarBitminTan'[bCaksikrenAk~gtMbn'enHdgeT. enHCayuTv^FIbmUlkmSg
mYyrbs'GgkarExrkhm.

fbnab'mk dUncas'm~ak'eQaHyay Em"n VnnSeyIgeTAenApHfmYyx~geTotEdleTIb

nwgsg'ehIy. eyIgVnTTYlkarbtmy"agkk'ekABIsMNak'dUncas'enH nigjatimitcas'TuM

C^txagdTeTot. swgEtral'f jatimitC^txagyknMcMNI f~SCk' dUgxI swksEg mk[eyIg

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PaB nigkaryl'K~aeTAv^jeTAmkrwtEtC^ts~iTEfmeTot.

maneBlxH eyIgnwkrlwkmkkUnbBn Ksarjatimity"aglng'lenac CaehtueFI[

eyIgrwtEteBItxSgeLIgeTotnwgsgamenH,

sgamEdleFI[eyIgEbkVk'K~a

sgamEdl

sabBsnUvTukevTnasBy"ag dl'bCarassttg'. eBlCYbbTHeyokkugtampvmg@

eyIgswgEtelateTAcVc'k kab'ciJS[Gs'cit!!!

kars~ak'Gas&yenAk~gPUmivalelgCayUrf

eLIg@ .

kan'EteFI[eyIgGpktb'bml'xSg

enAfTI 6 sPa, mit can' (eQaHbd^vtn_) VnnSmit ng-sYn ehA cMerInC&y eTA

saksYrsuxTukeyIg edaymanyuTCnExrkhmcMnYn 5 nak'GmkarJrsnisuxpg. ng-sYn

Cas~gkarneyaVytMbn' 25 (suksagekaHFM) eKehAfa elxatMbn' 25 (elxaFikar

bkenAk~gtMbn') .

enAk~gkarsnnaCamYy

ng-sYn

xMeqt{kassresIrnUvvrPaBnigsartIrwgbuwgrbs'

ng-sYn k~gkareFIbd^vtn_ nUvesckIkahanrbs' ng-sYn nasmaCBiessenAvalemru Edl

nS[ ng-sYn Cab'KukrhUtmkdl'q~S 1970. enAlacfdEdl bgbnenAk~gPUmiVnerobcM

mbcMNICb'elog[ smmit ng-sYn nigeyIgTSgGs'K~a, mit can' bFanmnrdknSVn

9
Vb'eyIgfa, \bEhlCa 4-5 feTot mitnwgVnecjdeNIreTA GgkarelI . xMVnvay

TUrelxeTACrabGgkarelIBIerOgmitrYcehIy| .

xMPak'eBItkalebImitcan'Vb'fa, manvayTUrelx eJHxMminVncab'Pwkfa Gg-

karExrkhmeKykcitTukdak'nwgxMdl'f~ak'enH.
enAfbnbnab'mkeTot

eyIgcab'epmCYbeyokkugeyokNamxageCgqgkat'PUmiCa

jwkjab' mandkGgr bEn man'Ta nigdkKab'kSePIgtal'tamkg'. CYnkalmaneXIjBYkva

minEdledrkat'PUmieT manEtkumesdkic CaG~kedrecjcUlrkTijesgtamPUmi.

eBleXIjCnbreTsstvQanJn eyIgk*nwkeXIjdl'vasnasukeTs dl'k

raCrbs'bCaCati dl'v^naskmrbs'bCarascMnYn 3 q~SkngmkehIy .l.

cuHExrkhm? enHehIyCacMeNaT!!!

fTI 7 nig 8 sPa mitcan'VnCUndeNIr ng-sYn eLIgeTAelI (GgkarelI). f 8

nig 9 sPa ePgbgrxSglaynigxl'BHFM Twkdk'ssacJseBjEs. GarmN_rsb'

eyIgv^lvl'nwkdl'karsbay nigesckIsuxsanenAekamdbUlKsard*kk'ekA EdleyIg

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eBl

hak'dUcCaGMeBIkt'mYycMeJHbCaksikr

EdlkMBugrgTukevTnaedaysarsgam.

eyIgKYrEthaneFIGImYyCav^PaKTan k~gkarbMVt'sgamenH.
esckIsMerccitrbs'eyIgk~gkarcUleTAk~gCYr

sayecInEbbecIny"agNas'mkelIrUbeyIg.

bk

Gac[mitPkirbs'eyIgbk

mYyeKcat'TukeyIgCaG~kpgeBgniym

CaBYkqtlIla Cakumbelamelakniym (Les romantistes) eJHfaxngGac TUlEpnd

eT? mYyeKGaccat'TukeyIgfa CaBYksIhnuniym? mYyeKecaTeyIgfaCakumynis?
cMeJHeyIg eyIgsuxcitenAesmCaCagsd.

enAfTI 9 sPa ynehaH et-28 2eKOg mkTMlak'Kab'EbkenAxageCgvtkat'Pk.

fTI 10 sPa karGpknigrevrvayjSjIeyIgkan'EtxSgeLIg@ . eyIgKanesov

ePAemIlkMsan KankaEst. eyIgdac'karTak'TgBIxagekA BIP~MeBj. mYyf@ eyIgsab'

dNwgEttamv^TP~MeBj eb"kSg va"sIugetan.

dNwgfakugP~MeBjTTYlkarvaybharedayKab'kSePIgtal' nigKab'ru"Ekt 122 mm.

cMnYn 155 Kab'enAedmExsPa eFI[eyIgrnt'jab'j&rCaxSg.

enAlacfTI 10 sPa mit mSg PUQYymit can' VnyksMbutmYymkbgajeyIg.

k~glixitenaH s~gkarneyaVytMbn' 33 (mit sSg-rin, GtItsasacarmFmsika) Vn

es~I [mit mSg nSeyIgeTACYbnwgeKenAevTikakitiys enAevlaem"ag 6 lac. enAlacf

10 sPaenaH KN:rNsirtMbn' 33 Vncat'EcgerobcMmITIgmYyy"agFM enAEkrvtkat'Pk

tg'salaeronbzmsikacas'.

eyIgVncUlrYmmITIgnwgeKEdr Etmit mSg eyIgmindgCamanectnaEbbNa BuMVnnS

eyIgeTACYbG~kdknSExrkhmenAevTikakitiyseT.

10
eyIgmankarcab'GarmN_CaxSgeTAelImITIgenH. mnusbmaNCag 1 muWnnak' rYmTSg

bCaCn TSg kgkmSgbdab'GavuFbCaCnrMedaHCatikmCa TSgBHsg TSgkbxN

Exrkhm (kmaPiVl) bdab'edaysemkbMJk'exA VnecjmkBIKb'TisTI EhCaknkan'

Tg'khm nigbdakhmtMrg'mkkan'Fasalaeron. kumnarIQrenACYrxagmuxEkrevTika. enA

muxevTika mansg'tUb mIk dac'qayBIK~a. xagk~gevTikamanekAGIbmaN 200 tMerobCaCYr.

dbUg GarmN_rbs'eyIgVj'epateTAelIJkesakenAelIbdakhm. bNabdaCa

ecIn eyIgeXIjmanEtbdakhmmYyeTEdlEcgfa, Ceya! rNsirrYbrYmCatikmCa Edl

mansemc neratm-sIhnu BHbmuxrdCabFan ekABIenH KanbdakhmNamYyniyay

BIescsIhnueLIy. JkesakPaKecIn beJIcbeJIrBIvrPaBrbs'bCaCn nigkgkMLSg

rbs'eK dUcCa:

Ceya! kgkMLSgbdab'GavuFbCaCnrMedaHCatikmCad*manC&y

ebCaKSTkartsUd*Gg'Gackahanrbs'bCaCn

Ceya! rdGMNacbCaCn!

ebCakMeTcckBtiGaemrikSg nigbrivarva[Gs'BITwkdkmCa lav evtNam

Ceya! yuTsamKInbCaCnExr lav nigevtNam .l.

edayeXIjbdaBIr sMEdgBrsaKmn_cMeJHelak hU-yn' eTIbeyIgdgfaelak hU-

yn' cas'CamkCaGFibtIk~gBiFIenH.
eyIgxitxMepgrkemIl

EkgmaneyokkugeyokNamxageCgmkcUlrYmk~gBiFIbuN

mITIgenH EteyIgrkemIlBuMmanm~ak'esaH.

ePIgGKisnIVnbMPWeJgJt hak'dUcCaBuMEmnCaCnbT. enAEkrevTika eKVnerobcM

elNdanmanKMrbmYyy"agmSsMrab'emdknSExrkhm. enACuvijTIFasalamaneKCkelNdantUc@ y"agecInsMrab'TsnikCn. kum[sJafamanynehaH bNak'K~aenACuv^jbrievNsala. eBlsUrkEJ ePIgGKisnItvBnt' VrImintvCk'.

enAem"ag 8 yb' eyIgbFanKN:kmkarerobcMmITIgEskC&yeXasCUnBrdl'elak

hU-yn' mansMdfa Ceya! mit hU-yn' butd*eq~Imrbs'beTskmCa. s~rTHdlan'

Vv. BmCamYyenaHTsnikCnk*ekakQrseLIg eGItrkemIlelak hU-yn'. eyIgPak'

eBItkalebIeXIjelak hU-yn' TSgsac'TSgQamelIkdTTYlkarGbGrsaTrenACYrxag

muxevTika.

bnab'BIsunrkfarbs'bFancat'EcgbuNmITIgmk

elak

hU-yn'

k*VneLIgEfg

sunrkfay"agEvgedaytJgTuk Gs'ry:eBlbEhl 3 em"ag. elak hU-yn' Vnsgt'

ehIysgt'eTotfaChrrbs'eK KW mincrca minsMruHsMrYl minrafy eKbyuTrhUtVnC&y

CnHCasaBr eTaHCatvqgkarlMVkevTnay"agNak*eday. eKbkan'Chr \kraCmas'kar

xnTIBwgxn| CaFM EteK k*tvrYmsamKICamYybCaCnlavnigevtNam k~gkaredjckBti

GaemrikSgecjBINcin.

11
bnab'BIsunrkfaelak hU-yn' mk, BHsg, kmaPiVl Exrkhm, embJakar

kgT&Bs~gkarneyaVyBmTSgtMNagExrkhm, embJakarkgT&Bs~gkarneyaVy Bm

TSgtMNagGNikCncin-yYn eLIgEfgeyabl'KST bd^vtn_ rbs'eKCabnbnab'K~a Edl

tamPasarbs'eKehAfa eLIgcab'GarmN_.

ratIsil:bd^vtn_rbs'eK VnkMdrTsnikCnnigkgT&BrhUtdl'em"ag 5 PW.

rhUtmkdl'eBlenH eyIgFab'rGamtecoknwgJkeBcn_xs'@ rbs'eK nigPasamYy

Ebbfrbs'eK

nigJkeXasnamYlbgac'TSgTTwgTis

mkelIrdaPiVl

saFarNrd mkelIsgmenAP~MeBj EdlBYkeKcat'TukfaCa sgmcas'.

mkelIrbb

f 12 eTA 14 sPa 1972 :

eyIgeFIdeNIrecjBIPUmivalelg enAevlaem"ag 9 Bwk ekayBIkarCrab nigEfg

GMNrKuNbgbnjatimitC^txagEdlVnCYybtmeyIgy"agkk'ekAGs'f^revla 22 f k~g

kars~ak'Gas&yrbs'eyIgenATIenH. mnIrnIrsarbs'mit can' Vncat'[shkarIrbs'eKm~ak'

CUndeNIreyIg. elIkenH eyIgeFIdeNIredayeTackyaneqaHeTATisxageCg tampvlM pv
reTHeKa

qgkat'PUmitUcnana

EdlmansPaBsat'Cg.

eyIgeXIjpHVk'EbkeqHeday

Kab'Ebk edmdUg edmet~atVk'rlMedayKab'r"uEkt KumsI edmsaysitseJnrjm

edayKab'eNV"l'. KWCaTidPaBsgamKYr[exacpa.

eyIgVnmkdl'PUmicSgecatevlaem"ag 1 knHresol VncUleTAsMrakk~gCrkkg

Qb nigkumG~knSsarEdlsg'bbnwgmat'GUr ekamBeQIsubTb enAxagtgPUmicMgay

bmaN 300 Em"t. eyIgss'sUbVykJb'EdleyIgykmkCab'nwgxn. enATIenH eyIg

VnCYbnwgyuTCnrNsir 3 nak'eTotEdleFIdeNIrBIsag-ekaHFM eqaHeTAGmlSg. manyuv

CnBIrnak'EdleTIbnwgcuHmkBI xagelI (GgkarelI) VnVb'eyIgfa eKmanebskkmmk

dkva"n'nigmkTTYlGs'elak FM@. enAmagpvCatielx 4 eNaH manLankg'db'mYymk
cSTTYlelak hU-yn' nigshkarIrbs'elakEdlVncUlrYmk~gmITIgenAkat'Pk nayb'f

10 sPa.

mit sn G~knSpvrbs'eyIgBmTSgmitrYmdeNIrdTeTotbEhl 10 nak' Vnmk

dl'vtBuTa EkrpvCatielx 4 enAem"ag 4 knHresl kgQb 4-5 nak'VneTABinitpv

nigyamenATIenaH sMrab'eFIsJa[eyIgqg. enAsgxageyIgbEhl 5 Km manbnaykg

T&BsaFarNrdeyIg.

enAem"ag 5 knH eyIgVnqgkat'pvCatielx 4. kgQbedrmuxeFIsJa[eyIgQb'

eJHpvreTHmanbgb'mIn. kgQbk*KUsrgg'huB&TmIn nigeFIsJa[eyIgedrelIesAvagpv

xac'. qgVncgaybmaN 300 Em"t eyIgk*nSK~aeLIgC^Hkg' bndeNIreTAmuxeTot kat'

tamvalEs qgGUr.

12
enAem"ag 6 nig 15 naTIlac eyIgVnmkQb'sMrakenAk~gvteKakremot. PUmieKak

remot CaPUmicas'sMbUreTAedayedmdUg edmsay eck sa. pHekgFM@ CaecIntvbiTTar

ecal. ekABIBHsg 6-7 GgenAk~gvt PUmimansPaBsat'Cg. eyIgGgysMrakenAbb

mat'sHmYy EdlPab'nwgtJMgburaNmYyy"agFM. rsIBHGaTitsTn'BNmasCHmkelI

kMBUlP~MBIrenAxagekIteyIg

eFI[eyIgnwksaydl'esckIsuxsanEdlVnv^nasputeTA

edaysarsgam edaysarmhictarbs'yYnkumynis! vtGaram edmdUgxs'llman

cMNas'bEhl 50 q~S edmsaymanKl'bu"nkg'reTH tBSg .l. TSgGs'enHKWCaBlwgn

Cv^tFab'suxsanrbs'G~kPUmi! CanimitrUbnBlwgExrEtmg!

yb'f 12 mk 13 sPa eyIgVnTTYldeNkenAk~gCrM nIrsa enAxaglicPUmi

eKakremot bbnwgmat'swgBremot. Bwkf 13 sPa eyIgbndeNIreTAmuxeTot kat'tam

Besag valeBc. eyIgkMrCYbbTHPUmiCnbTG~ksukNamYyenAtampvlM. enAem"ag 2

knHresol eyIgVnmkdl'PUmietagem"ag (etagehag?) EdlmancMgay 70 Km BIf~l'

Catielx 4 . enAtampv eyIgVnCYbbTHeyokkug-eyokNamxageCgdwkCJnhwbKab'

tamdrI Lankg'db' eh Gwm es (GMC). cab'BIPUmietagem"ageTA eyIgC^HLankg'db'eyok

NamxageCgeqaHeTAsukGmlSg. enAxageqgeyIg P~M{r"al'VnelcrUbragtEdt. KWCaCrk

yuTsasrbs'ExrkhmtSgBIyUryarNas'mkehIy.

enABwkf 14 sPa eyIgecjdeNIredaykg'BIsukGmlSgeqaHeTATisxagtg

tamf~l'ext (Route Provinciale). enAtampv eyIgVnCYbmnusm~aCaecIn CayuTCnExrkhm

BYk Ggkar cuHeLIgeTAmkGmlSgmindac'. TSgGs'K~asuTswgEteskJk'exA manbg'-k

kmadUcK~a.

enAevlaem"ag 2 resol eyIgVnmkdl'vteJFi_. enAem"ag 4 eyIgcUlmkdl'PUmi

tSgexA k~gsgat'JmVMbImum sukkMBg'tLac extkMBg'q~Sg. mit sn VnnSeyIgcUleTA

sMrakk~gmnIrnIrsantMbn' 305 ehIyVnVb'eyIgfa eyIgmkdl'eKaledAehIy. eyIg

VnVb'nIrsaenATIenaHfa eyIgmanlixitmYytvykeTACUnmit hg' mnIr 305 eday

pal'. mitnIrsaeKmin[eyIgeTACYbmit hg' enaHpal'eT eKTTYlyklixitBIeyIgeTACUnmit

hg'.

eyIgenArg'cSGs'ry:eBlC^tmYyema"g

rYceTIbeXIjmitnIrsaenaHv^ltLb'mkv^j

huckUnsMbutmYyeTA[mit sn. G~knSpveyIgesIcjjwmjEjm bgajkUnsMbutenaHmk

[eyIgGan manGkrEtmYybnat'manesckIfa, \sUmbg naK llkerobcMkEng[Vn

smrmdl'mitbJaCn BIkugpg eJHxMKanmeFaVy|. mit sn bEnmfa \bgman

sMNagehIy edayVnmnIresdkicPaKerobcMTTYlpal'|. mitsn k*VnnSeyIgeTAkan'mnIr

mit naK (eQaHbd^vtn_) EdlenAbbmat'swgxaglicvttSgexA.
eBlcUleTAdl'

eyIgVnCYbbTHnwgyuvnarImYykumkMBugbCu

eronsUtneya

Vy enAekamedmcMbk'mYyd*FM. mantumYyEvgsMrab'CakEng hUb Vypg CakEngbCu

pg. mitnarITSgGs'enHCakumkat'edr. bnicekaymk eyIgeXIjkUnecAcinm~ak' rUbsatVt

13
edIrtMrg'mkrkcab'deyIgedayTwkmuxjjwmrak'Tak'. mit naK VnsaksYrsuxTuk nigsuM

eTaseyIgedayBuMVnykLaneTATTYl.

eKVnbJak'eTotfa

VnTTYlTUrelxmYyBImit

can' sIBIvtmanrbs'eyIg. mit naK enHKWKannrNaekABIelak esog-eV"Es GtItv^skr

nigGtItnaykksYgsurieyadenaHeT.

enATIenHCadbUg eyIgVnTTYlkitiys nigkarf~ak'f~mBIsMNak'mit naK KWeyIgman

vasnaVnss'sUbkaehTwkedaHeKa yUr@ mg. mit naK [bJaeTAmitnarIkat'edrTSgenaH

[erobcMmbGaharrbs'eyIgedayELk. ekaymk eyIgTTUccUlrYm hUb VyTwkCamYy

miteTot@ edaymanmbEtmYymuxdUcK~a.
f 14 dl' 26 sPa :

mit naK VnbKl'GggnILgfmYymk[eyIg ehIyTUnaneyIg[rkakarsMgat' KW

lak'eQaHedm muxgar sukkMeNItrbs'eyIgkuM[nrNadg elIkElgEtGgkarf~ak'elI.

enAf 15 sPa evlaem"ag 7 yb' elak hU-yn' CardmnIksYgmhapTTYlbnk

erobcMCnbTnigshkrN_

EdleyIgVnCYbmgehIyenAC^tsukbrEst

VncUleTAsak

sYrsuxTukeyIg CamYyvrCnm~ak'eToteQaH sux-FYk mangarCaGnurdmnIksYgsnisuxCati

k~grdaPiVlrNsirrbs'sIhnu nigCabFanPUmiPaKBiess (mnIr 305).

enAfTI 15 sPadEdlevlaem"ag 4 resol eyIgVnCYbsnnaelgCamYysmaC^k

nmnIreXasnakarPUmiPaKBiesscMnYn 3 nak'eTot KWmit Qun-suxgYn Cav^skrmaneQaH

ekAehA esam mit esok-twkqay ehA fn GtItsasacarmFmsikabzmPUmi nigmit

eDn-PIkan ehA rin GtItKbegn. k~gfdEdl mit Em"n-nIfU ehA dn GtItv^skrxag

GKisnI VncUleTACYbrak'Tak'CamYyeyIgpgEdr. enAmnIresdkicPaKenH eyIgEtgVnCYb

kmaPiVlExrkhmCaecInrUbeTot EdlCaGtItrdkar GtItnisitenAkugP~MeBj. eKBuMTan'

bKl'ParkicGI[eyIgeFIeT. mYyf@ eyIgrvl'EtTTYlePv nigGanksarepg@ Edlmit

naK VnbKl'mk[eyIg manTsnavdrNsir kaEst Blkrbd^vtn_ kaEst bCa-

Cnbd^vtn_ Caedm. eyIgkan'EtGpkxSgeLIg@ eJHeyIgKanesrIPaBecjedrtamPUmiC^t@

xagVneT.

enAk~gPUmienH

eKVnniyayVb'eyIgfa

elak

ecg-sayuMbn

enAqayBIeyIg

bEhl 500 600 Em"tbu"eNaH KWenAPUmitSgexA Eb"kxagekIt. Kat'rs'enACamYybBnkUn

rbs'Kat'k~gPUmiG~ksuk. Ggkar CYyciJwmKsarelak ecg-sayuMbn EtBuMTan'han

bKl'ParkicGImYy[Kat'eT.

enAf 21 sPa evlaem"ag 6 lac mit naK VnnSeyIgeTAcUlrYmVyTwkCamYy

elak hU-yn' enAmat'swg. KWenAeBlenHehIy EdleyIgVnCYbmit hg' (eyIgsavCav

rkeQaHedmnigmuxgarcas'BuMelcesaH). GnubFanPUmiPaKBiess elak rs'-CaeTa ehA

14
Cati elak gYn-eGg ehA nI (GtItv^skr) elak kuy-Gu ehA Twb (eFIkarenAGys&yyan
kmCa) nigs~lExrkhm 3-4 nak'eTotEdleyIgBuMsal'eQaH. bBnelak esog-eV"Es

bBnmit hg' nigmitnarIkat'edrCaG~kcat'EcgerobcMmbcMNIBiessenH.

elak hU-yn' manGgrkm~ak'CaExrelIenArtnKIrI edrtamkarJrCanic.

enAfTI 22 sPa eyIgVnCYbBiPakaCamYyelak Fuc-rin ehA Kin GtItsasa-

carmFmsika CabFanmnIrvbFmenAPUmiPaKnirtITis EdlmanTItSgenAEkrTIrYmsukGm

lSg.

yb'f

edaysarmbcMNIminKb'Kan'

nigedaysareyIgrs'enAekamedmeQIsubTbTSg

suxPaBrbs'xMkan'EtTDeTambnicmg@.

PaBTMenrKankareFIrwtEteFI[eyIgGpk

xSgeLIg@. m"ageTot nin~akarneyaVytamKngcinkhm nigp~t'KMniteqgniymhYsehtu

rbs's~lExrkhmPaKecInrwtEteFI[eyIgsgakcity"agxSg.

karCYbBiPakaCahUrEhCa

mYy s~lExrkhm k*rwtEteFI[eyIgGs'sgwmfaExrxageNaH nigExrxageNH bEhl

CaBuMGaceFIkarcrcasMruHsMrYlK~aekIteT.

rbs'Exrkhm.

bnicmg@

eyIgkan'Etyl'nUvriyabfBitVkd

sMnYrTSgGbalmaN EdleyIgrkcMeLIyBuMeXIjmansmehtusmpl LveLIg

cUlmkbLkk~gcMeLIyTSgenaHehIy. cMeJHeyIg eyIgbkan'ChrEtmYyrbs'eyIg KW

sgmExrniglTikumynis minsuIsgak'K~aeT. eyIgFab'lgeFIkartiHriHxH@ mkehIy eTA

elITMnas'FM@ rvagsgmCatiExrniglTikhmenH.
f 26 sPa dl'f 3 mifuna 1972 :

enAlacf 26 sPa mit naK VnVb'[eyIgerobcMva"n' edmIeTAcUlrYmk~gmha

sn~iVtbJvnniwgeK. eyIgVnTTYlmug 1, exaGavexA 1 sMrab' nigesag (Sac dos ) exA 1

BImit naK. enAevlaem"ag 5 lac elak rs'-CaeTa mknSeyIgeTAcUlrYmk~gmhasn~iVt

EdlnwgeFIeLIgenAk~gsalaeron neyaVy enAxageCgtSgexA. enATIenaH eyIgVnCYb

snnaCamYyvrCnsMxan'@ CaecInEdlVt'xnBIkugP~MeBj. Tg' neratm PUrisra EdlkMBug

QrniyayCamYyelak hU-yn' VnsHmkcab'deyIgmuneK. bnab'mk eyIgk*sMEdgkarKYr

smcMeJH smmit eTot@ manCaGaTi_elakevCbNit CYn-eCn nigPriya, elakevC

bNit DI-pun ehA Fuk, elak eXog-kaGun, elak ePaK-qay ehA Nag, elak Fuc-rin

ehA Kin, elak Em"n-nIfU ehA dn, elak gYn-eGg ehA TI, elak cn-buV ehA xum (GtIt

ecAkm), elak yU-fan ehA pl (GtItsasacar), elak esok-twkqay ehA fn, elak

sI-dYg ehA Ex (v^skr), elak eDn-PIkan ehA rin (Kbegn) nigBYkbJaCndTeTot

EdlmanTSgGs'bEhl 50-60 nak'.

15
enACuv^jsalaeronneyaVy eKmansg'erag 5-6 sMrab'eFICakEngdeNknigerag

VyFMmYy. mitnarImYykumTTYlPar:erobcMmbcMNI nigf~SsgvsMrab'BYkbJaCnTSgGs'.

eKVnerobcMkmv^FIdUcteTA KW ral'eBlBwk
- em"ag 6 nig 30 naTI

ss'sUbbbr Vy

- em"ag 11 nig 30 naTI

Vyftg'

- em"ag 17 nig 30 naTI

Vylac

- em"ag 7 dl'em"ag 11

- em"ag 14 dl'em"ag 17

- em"ag 20 dl' 21 22

nimYy@ EdleKehAfa bCuCvPaB.

bCuBiPakak~gsalaeron

bCuBiPakak~gsalaeron
bCueFIkarTieton

nigs&yTieton

tamBYk

kickarsn~iVtenH erobcMeLIgedayKN:kmkarrNsirkugP~MeBj Edlmansma-

sPaBdUcteTA :

1- neratm-PUrisra ehA Ekn

2- evCbNit CYn-eCn ehA Eb"n

GnubFan

smaC^k tMNagshCBkmkr nig Blkr

3- elak rs'-CaeTa ehA Cati

5- elak ePaK-qay

4- elak gYn-eGg

6- G~ksI exov-bu"NarI

PUmiPaKBiessrbs'ExrkhmenH

bFan

smaC^k TTYlbnkxagsarBtman

smaCik tMNagnisit nig bJaCn

smaC^k tMNagnarIbCaFibety

manPar:tttakan'kab'TwkdCuv^jP~MeBj

P~MeBj dUceyaFPUmiPaKBiessrbs'eyIgEdr (RMS).

nigkug

enAf 27 sPa evlaem"ag 7 Bwk elak rs'-CaeTa VneLIgbkaskmv^FICUnGg

bCusab' nigcat'EcgerobcMsmaC^kTSgGs' CaBYk@ rYcehIyk*eprsMdCUneTATg' PUrisra.

Tg' PUrisra ekayBIVnEfgsunrkfasaKmn_ nigCUnBrdl'eCaKC&ynmhasn~iVtmk k*

CUnsMdeTAelak hU-yn' teTAeTot.

enAk~gmhasn~iVtbJv&nenH

hU-yn'

eKBuMVnVb'[dgCamunnUvrebobvar:eT.

VneFIv^PaKeTAelIsPaBkarN_

enAk~gsaklelak

dbUgelak

EdlGacCHTiBlmkelI

bd^vtn_ rbs'eK. eKeFIv^PaKenH tamrebobv^PaK m"akiseLnInis (Mthode marxiste lniniste

d'analyse des vnements sociaux) EdlBYkeKVn[tmfa manlkN:v^Tasas.

bnab'mk elak hU-yn' mkeFIv^PaKeTAelIsPaBkarN_k~gsuk eTAelIsmnPaBnig

yuTsamKIrvagbCaCn lav-Exr-evtNam CaBiessenAelIsmnPaBrvageyokkug-eyok

NamxageCg nigExrkhm. elak hU-yn' VnbMPWGgbCuBIChrrbs'bd^vtn_eK (Exr

khm) enAk~gsuknigelIqakGnrCati.

16
enAk~gsuk elak hU-yn' VnsarPaBfa enAq~S 1970-71 BYkeyokkug-eyok

NamxageCg (ExrkhmniymehAmitTI 7 tamChrTI 3 bnab'BIcinbCamanit nigGal'VnI)

VnlYcbn'TBsmtiG~ksuk C^HCan'lYckab'smab'Exrkhm ehIyKbsgt'eTAelIkma-

PiVlExrkhmEmn eJHeBlenaH kmSgExrkhmenAexay xHGavuF KankgT&BmSmYn. BYk

eyokkug-eyokNamxageCg VnrwbGUssgt'sg^nykmasVk'bCaBlrdCaecIn yk

eTAciJwmBYkva dUcCaenAtMbn'sag-ekaHFM Caedm. Tal'Etmkdl'cugq~S 1971 eTIbBYkExr

khm ExrrMedaH VnerIbMrHxnmkv^jVn minenAekamTiBleyokkug-eyokNamxageCg

eT.

LvenH eyIgbkan'ChrkraCmas'kar xnTIBwgxnCaFM. eyokkug-eyokNamxag

eCgtveKarBbCaCnExrCadac'xat

eKarBGgkarExr ehIyCYycSgedjckBtiGaemrikSg

nigbrivarva. enHCasMdrbs'elak hU-yn'.

cMeJHsMnYrrbs'xMmYyfa

etIGgkarmankarByVrmxHeT

ehIyerobcMv^Fankary"ag

NaEdr cMeJHT&BbreTseyokkug-eyokNamxageCgenAk~gsukExr elak hU-yn' Vn

eqIyfa GgkarmankarByVrmxHEdrk~gerOgenH EtGgkarVnbugby&t~eCgBlescVc'

Gs'ehIy.

elak

hU-yn'

VnelIksresIrChrrbs'Ggkarbd^vtn_rbs'eKenAelIqak

GnrCati ehIymankareJlfa bkkumyniscin nigkUer" eKsuMeronsUtBIeyIg (Exrkhm)

eTotpg.

cMeLIynigesckIsn~idanrbs'elak hU-yn' enAEteFI[eyIgminGs'sg&ynigKan

CenOdEdl.

enAfbnbnab'mkeTot

GgbCuVnebIk[mankarBiPakabreyabl'K~aeTAv^jeTAmk

nigelIksMnYrepg@ mkecaT. elak ePaK-qay VneFIesckIraykarN_mYysIBIeCaKC&y

nT&BeK. enAlacfTI 2 mifuna 1972 elak rs'-CaeTa VnerobcMnigEfgesckIbkasrYm

mYy ekamcMNgeCgfa esckIsMerccitnmhasn~iVtbJaCnkugP~MeBj. enAfdEdl

evlaem"ag 6 lac eKVnerobcMBiFICb'elogbiTmhasn~iVt.

xMePcCrabfaenAfTI 29 sPa elak C&y-Cu (vrmnI) EdleTIbnwgecjBIP~MeBjenA

f 28 sPa VncUlrYmk~gmhasn~iVtenHEdr.

enAratITI 2 mifuna eKVnerobcMratIsil:mYy sMEdgedaykumsil:PUmiPaKBiess

manrVM Gay" cMerog erOgelantUc@ . enAk~grVM Gay" erOgkMEbg eyIgBiniteXIjnUv

lkN:cMEdl

nUvxwmsardEdl@

Kanpas'brdUcCa

cMerog

BYkkgQbeyIg

rVM

begtpl kumarQanmux .l. Gay"tvecogtamJkeBcn_EdleKEtg nigcgkg[

KankarbMPekAeT. Caxwmsar KWkarbeJIcbeJIvN:EdltveKC^HCan' ( Les exploits ) man

kMhwgqabeqH Canic. lkN:Tn'Pn' sniPaB mnusFm EdlmanenAk~gxwmsarsil:

buraNExr VnEbkayeTACaeXareXA jak'knak'. s~lExrkhmbEhlmanectnabJl

17
p~t'

ma"kis

eTAk~glMnSburaNExreTdg!

eyIgcab'GarmN_hak'dUckMBugTsnarVMcin

kumynis rVMyYneyokNamxageCg! KYr[segKdl'BlwgExr!!

18

( f 3 mifuna 1972 dl'fTI 15 mkra 1973 )

enAfTI 3 mifuna 1972 eyIgtv Ggkar cat'[eTAeFIkarenAmnIreXasnakarnig

vbFmenAPUmiPaKBiess. mit Qun-sukgYn GtItv^skr CabFanmnIreXasnakarPUmiPaK

BiessCnYselak C-KImGan EdlVncgksmab'xnenAedmExemsa VnnSeyIgeTAkan'PUmi

EsGNg. mnIrrbs'eyIgsg'enAelITYlmYyxs' CaPUmicas'EdleKVneVHbg'ecal enA

xaglicvtEsGNgcmaybmaN 500 Em"t Cab'nwgbrievNeKakexacEsGNg. eBl

eyIgcUleTAdl' smaC^kdTeTotmankarcab'GarmN_ykcit Tukdak'nwgeyIgCaxSg. kum

rbs'eyIgmansmaC^kTSgGs' 13 nak' PaKecInCav^skr nigCabuKliksikaEdlenAekam

{vaTelak rs'-CaeTa pal'. elak rs'-CaeTa CavrCnTI 3 enAPUmiPaKBiess bnab'BImit

suk-FYk nig mit hg' mk. bFanmnIrVnENnSBnl'eyIgBIv^n&yrbs'Ggkar BIrbbrs'enA

k~gsemahPaB BIParkicbcSfEdleyIgtvbMeBj smaC^kTSg 13 nak' tvEckCa 3 BYk.

bFanmnIrcat'tSgshkarINaEdlmanTwkcitesaHtg'nwgGgkar

manChrneyaVyrwgbuwg

CageK [eFICabFanBYk. BYknimYy@ tvrYmbCumYysVh_mg edmItamdanBinitChrK~a

eTAv^jeTAmk eKehAfa bCuCvPaB bCueFIkarTietonnigs&yTieton. eKnSK~asntyk

lacfBhsti_sMrab' bCuBYk niglacfGaTitsMrab' bCukum KWbCu smaC^kKb'

BYkTSgGs'.

TIkEng-TItSg

edm

mnIrnimYy@ tvsg'qayBIPUmiG~ksuk EkrbPBTwk manswg GUr tJMg GNgCa

enAk~gBeQIsubTub

nigenAEkrvalsLHNamYy.

eKsg'CaxmswkTabnwgdenA

ekamedmeQIFM@ manxmsMrab'eFICakEngsMrakdeNk xmsMrab'CapHVynigxmepg@eTot

sMrab'CakEngeFIkar.

enAk~gmnIreXasnaPUmiPaKBiess

manBumGkrGglIelx

m"asuIn

TajrU"eNGU sg'sIulTwkexAr"UeNGU ksarepg@ .l. enAEkrerageFIkar eKmanCk bugK&r

(Bunker) nigelNdantUc@ CaecInsMrab'CkenAeBlynehaHmkTMlak'Kab'Ebk. smaC^k

TSgGs'BmTSgbCaCncas'ekg suTecHsab'sMelgynehaHswgEtKb'Fun EdlmanehaH

19
ehIrenAk~gTwkdExr. Kan'EtsUrBIcmay ekg@ GayubmaN 10 q~Sk*GacdgVnPamfaCa

ynehaHsegtkarN_ ynehaHTMlak'Kab'Ebk et-28.

mnIrsMrab'kmaPiVl (kbx&N) sMxan'@ ecInsg'enAk~gBsat'BIPUmitUc@ EdlCa

PUmibEgk PUmimUldanrbs'eKbmaN 1500 Em"t. tamkarsegt TItSgrbs'eKecInenA

k~gBeQIkas'pg enAEkrvalEstUc@ pg edmIlak'kMVMgkuM[ynehaHemIleXIj nig

edmI[manxl'GakasecjcUlbribUrN_.

bkkumyniskmCaVnEbgEcktMbn'EdleKkan'kab' CaPUmiPaKFM@ dUcteTA :

1-

PUmiPaKnirtITis rYmbJlextkMBt ekaHkug kugsIhnu kMBg'sila taEkv

2-

PUmiPaKbUJTis rYmbJlextkecH sayerog BEvg kMBg'cam.

3-

4-

5-

kMBg'q~Sg kMBg'sW dug nigextkNal 1 PaK.

PUmiPaKJyBTis manextkMBg'FM esomrab trmanC&y bnayqar.

PUmiPaKeJFisat'-Vt'dbg-b"lin.

PUmiPaKBiess (eTIbbegtfenAcugq~S 1971) sMrab'tttatMbn'Cuv^jP~MeBj.

sBfenH PUmiPaKBiesstSgTIbJakarnigTIcat'karrbs'xn enAk~gPUmiPaKnirtITis tg'BM

bTl'extkMBg'sWnigkMBg'q~Sg k~gsgat'JmVMbImum Eb"kxagtgk~gsukkMBg'tLac nig

tSgbuKlikrdVlrbs'eKxHeTotenAk~gextkMBg'sW (skbrEst) k~gextkNal (suk

kNalswg-suksag-ekaHFM)
6-

extBHv^har swgEtg mNlKIrI nigextrtnKIrI tvVnKN:mCm (KN:

kmkarkNal) nbkkumynisExreKVnkan'kab'pal'. tamEpnTIPUmisasnigyuTsas

eyIgGacyl'Vnfa ehtudUcemcVnCa <KN:mCm> eKsuxcitkan'kab'PUmiPaKTSgGs'enH

pal'. extTSgGs'enHCamUldanyuTsasy"agFM manBMbTl'Cab'eTAnwgyYn lav f.

PUmiPaKnimYy@ manEckeTACatMbn' Casuk CaXuM PUmiteTAeTot. elxaFikar bFan

PUmiPaKnimYy@ manTiBlxSgNas'eTAelIPUmiPaKrbs'xn. KWCaG~kTTYlxustvTSgsug

eTAelIGMNacneyaVyrdVl esdkic-sgmkic nigeyaFa elxaPaK bFanPaK

enH suTEtCasmaC^kenAk~g KN:mCm pg nigCasmaC^kenAk~graCrdaPiVlrYbrYmCati

kmCa ( Le GRUNK ) pg. KWCabJvn s~lExrkhm eCgcas'EdlFab' Cab'nwgclna

kumynisExr BIyUrmkehIy ehIyCa bkCneBjelj enAk~gbkrbs'eK.

enAPUmiPaKnirtITis vrCnExrkhmsMxan'@ manelak CU-eCt CabFanPaKnigCaGnu

rdmnInksYgsuxaPiVl, elak ePaK-qay ehA Nag Cas~gkarneyaVyenAk~gkgT&B

nirtITis, elak Fuc-rin ehA Kin (GtItsasacarmFmsika) CabFanmnIrvbFm nig

eXasnakar, tamu"k (eQaHbd^vtn_) CaembJakarkgT&BPUmiPaKnirtITis. TIcat'karFMrbs'

eKenAk~gtMbn'GmlSg. enATIenaH maneVHBumpaykaEstmYyeQaH bCaCnbd^vtn_ dk

20
nSedayelak Fuc-rin pal'. tMbn'PUmiPaKnirtITisenH manTMhMFMCageKTSgGs' mankMLSgT&B

xSgCageK nigman kbx&N dknSsMxan'CageK.

tamesckIraykarN_rbs'elak

ePaK-qay

eFICUnmhasn~iVtenAcugExsPa

1972 facMNayk~gmYyEx@ sMrab'PUmiPaKnirtITis eLIgdl'Cag 2 lanerol sMrab'buKlik

rdVl nigeyaFaExrkhmEdltvVnk~g 1 Ex 135 erol k~gbuKlikm~ak'@.

PUmiPaKBiess enAekamkartttarbs'elak suk-FYk ehA vn mangarCabFan

PUmiPaKpg CaGnurdmnIksYgsnisuxCatipg. bnab'mkeTotmanmit hg' (eQaHbd^vtn_)

mit rs'-CaeTa ehA Cati.

vrCnExrkhmsMxan'@ enAk~g KN:mCm ecInCabJvnEdlVt'xnBIP~MeBjenA

cenaHq~S 1962 nig 1968 manCaGaTi_ :

-elak exov-sMpn CabnaykrdmnIksYgkarJrCatienAk~graCrdaPiVlrYbrYmCati

kmCa nigCaGKembJakarn kgkmSgbdab'GavuFrMedaHCatikmCa

-elak saLt-sr (vrCnTI 1) CaGKelxaFikarnbkkumyniskmCa

-elak eGog sarI CavrCnTI 2 enAk~gbkkumynisExr

-elak sun-esn CavrCnTI 4

-elak kuy-FYn CaGnurdmnIksYghirJvt

-elak hU-nwm CardmnIksYgeXasnakar

-elak TIv-Gul CaGnurdmnIksYgmhapTTYlbnkxagerobcMCnbTnigshkrN_

-G~ksI exov bu"NarI GnurdmnIksYgGb'rMCati vbFmnigyuvCn

-elak CU-eCt GnurdmnIksYgsuxaPiVl

-elak suk-FYk GnurdmnIksYgsnisuxCati

-elak b"uk eDIskumar GnurdmnIksYgkarbreTs

elak sun-esn nigelak b"uk eDIskumar ekayeBlEdlGaCaFreyIgenAP~MeBj

payfaVt'xnehIy Vnlak'xnsMgenAk~gkugP~MeBjGs'ry:eBlmYyq~SeTot. enHCaBt-

manEdleyIgVnTTYlBIvrCnExrkhmenAk~gB.

cMeJHkbx&NExrkhmsMxan'@ EdlVnVt'bg'Cv^tenAk~gBv^j manelak Guc-

Ev"n (sascar) sab'edayCmWKuneJHevon nigelak C-KImGan (v^skr) sab'edayeFI

GtXatxngenAPUmiEsGNg.
enAk~gmnIreXasnakar

eyIgVnrs'enAk~grgg'smmitEdlmanTsn:bd^vtn_sgm

niymcegtcgl' nigeqghYsbmaN. smaC^kTSgenaHecInCayuvCnekg@ Fab'CasmaC^k

enAk~gsmaKmnisitExr ( AGEK ) bMb"nedayeb"kSg.

mnIrsil:PUmiPaKBiess sitenAEb"knirtIPUmiEssI cmaybmaN 600 Em"t.

manyuvCntUc@ nigG~kdknSsisTSgGs'Cag 70 nak'enATIenaH EdlPaKecInCakUnksikr

21
manxHCakUnvrCns~lExrkhm mankUnelak eGog-sarI nigkUnelak esog-eV"Es Ca

edm.

enAxagekItmnIreXasnakarbmaN 3 Km KWCaxaglicPUmicuget~atbmaN 800 m

manmnIreBTFMrbs'PUmiPaKBiess

eBTenHGac[G~kCmW

sg'enAmat'GUrtg'PUmicas'EdleKeVHbg'ecal.

G~krbYsmkedkBaVlVnrab'rynak'.

mnIr

KWenAk~gmnIreBTenHehIy

EdlelakevCbNit CYn-eCn, elakevCbNit DI-pun, elaksasacar eXog-kaGun

nigelakv^skr

NUy.

gYn-eGg

enAeFIkar

GmedayKeBTExrkhmxHeTotEdleTIbmkBIha-

mnIresdkicPaK tSgenAPUmitSgexAbbmat'swgEb"kJy&BvttSgexA. elak esog-

eV"Es TTYlxustvelIesdkicPaK elIrfynebIVs'xH@ manLanLg'r"UEv&r LankSmIj"g

Caedm. enACab'nwgmnIresdkicPaKEb"kxagtg mansg'eragCaecInsMrab'CYl ePvcMNUl

f EdleTIbrt'ecjBIP~MeBj ehIyEdlmannin~akarneyaVytwmkbx&NrNsir (sIhnu

niym). ePvcMNUlf tvVnGgkar bnMstiGarmN_ mYykEngsin minsUvmanesrI

PaBecjedrrehtrhUteT ehIyk*KanTTYlParkicGIFMduBIGgkarEdr ekABIkarkab'Kas'd dS

dNS

ciJwmman'-Tabnicbnc

sMrab'pt'pg'CvPaBpal'xn.

smaC^kenAk~gmnIrdTeTot

niymcMGkehATIkEngenHfa PUmirNsir. elak Em"n-fU nigelak esog-eV"Es CaG~k

emIlkarxustv tamdanemIlePvcMNUlf. enATIenH eyIgVnCYbBiPakaCamYyelakski 4

narIm~ak'eQaH sU emr"am nigshkarICaGnuesnIytI 2 rUbeTot enAnafTI 12 v^cika 1972.

vin&yrbs'Ggkar

v^n&yrbs'GgkarmanlkN:twgrwgxSgNas'. KWCav^n&yrbs'kumynis EdlCav^n&y

rwgdUcEdk ( Discipline de fer ) eKVnGb'rM pSg (Systme de dressage ) yuvCnnigkbx&Nrbs'eK

[eTACaCnkumynis (Un communiste ) tamkMrittwgrwgxSgeLIg@ CalMdab'. manksarecIn

cgkgeday KN:mCwm sMrab'ykmkeFICaeKaleronsUt.

cMeJHsmaC^kmnIr yuTCn EdlenAsLaj'escsIhnuenAeLIy eKBuMTan'hanebIk

muxbgajTisedABitVkdrbs'eKeT. eKykEttwmeKalkarN_kartsUk~gkbx&NrNsir

mkbgat'begn mkGb'rM KWeKalkarN_bd^vtn_bCaCati (rvolution nationale

beJatfa eyIgtsUeFIbd^vtn_enH edmIrMedaHbCaCatiBInwmckBtiGaemrikSg .

. eKeVk

bnicmg@ eKrMkwlcUleTAk~gTwsI bd^vtn_ bCaFibety bMpuskartsUvN: EdlCa

TMnas'sab'rs'enAk~gvN: vN:enAk~gsgmkmCa. eKvaybharBYkskiPUmi BYkbtikiriya

BYknayTun eKminvaybharFM@ eT EteKminEdlbMpus elIktMekIgmgNaeT. enAk~gCYrkb

x&NExrkhmxH eKvaybhar FatuskiPUmi rbs'escsIhnuedaycMhr.

22
kbx&NExrkhmNahanelIksresIrescsIhnu nwgtveKcat'TukCaG~kbqSgnwg

bd^vtn_rbs'eK. eKenAcat'TukescsIhnufaCanimitrUbnrbbskiPUmidEdl fIebIescsIhnu

eTAenAeb"kSgk*eday.

CamYybCaCn mhaCn eKalv^n&yrbs'GgkarExrkhmEdlsMxan'@ CageKKWkuMeFI

[b"HJl'dl' maKamhaCn Exrkhmm~ak'@ tvbkan'GakbkiriyaTn'Pn' suPaBrabsar

Cadac'xatCamYybCaCn eKtvkMeTcnin~akareTArk GaCaniym eTArk namWunniym. eK

VnrMlwkCaerOy@ nUvJkrbs' em"A-esTug Ecgfa bCaCnCatI eKCaTwk. Cnbd^vtn_

(bd^vtn_sgmniym) mYyrUb@ tvTukdak'xnCakUnecAbCaCn bMerIbCaCn[Gs'BIcitBIefm

ehIytveFIxn[dUcbCaCn edmIeronsUtBImhaCn eJH mhaCnCabPBncMeNHv^Ca

EdlminecHrIgst. eKelIkCaJkesakfa eronsUtBImhaCn edmImhaCn EteKVn
bkan'ChrmYyeTotEdrfa mintvedrtamknymhaCneBkeT.

k~gkarrs'enA edk edr sIucuk eskJk' eKbugby&t~min[EbkBIbCaCn. Gakb-

kiriya nigsMdsMedAeTArkbCaksikr tvTn'Pn'suPaBrabsarCadrab. ehtuy"agenHehIy

eTIbVnCaExrkhmeKbg[eskJk'exA bg'kkma. mbGaharbcSf k*mintvsMbUrhUr

ehorqaj'BisarelIsbCaCnEdr.

eKsah_rMlwkdl'sPaBkxt'rbs'bCaCnEdlVn

KSTbd^vtn_rbs'eK. m"ageTot karbg^tbgmin[ jak'eTArkqaj' enH cUlCayuTv^FIrbs'

eKmYy

edmITMlab'K~aeK[ecHTSTnUvkarlMVksBEbby"agpg

nigGb'rMxnVNnigsti

GarmN_rbs'eK[eTACa kmaCB pg ( Proltaire ) . dUec~HehIy VnCaenAtammnIrnimYy@

eKkmmanP&BvasnaVnbriePaKGaharBIrmuxNas'.

Ggkar ExrkhmhamVmy"agtwgrwugmin[b"HJl'dl'TBsmtirbs'bCaCn.

karxUcxilrMelaPelIkUnkmuMbCaCn nwgtvTTYleTasCaTMgn'. tamkarsegtCahUrEhmkfa

v^n&yTSgGmalmaN tvVneKeKarBGnuvtn_Vnxab'xnnigs&kisiTiEmn.
cMNucmYyeTotEdlCa

skmPaBcitsas

y"ags&kisiTirbs'ExrkhmeTAelI

bCaBlrdksikr KWCakarCYyTukFur:bCaksikr. ebImanksikrQWfat'enAk~gPUmi CaBiess

ksikrk BYkExrkhmeKsah_nSK~aeTAcak' Eckf~S[dl'pHEtmg eTaHCayb'Blb'man

ePgprkI. enArdUvPrras' dksg ctkat' eVkEbn mnIrnimYy@ tvcat'smaC^k[eTACYy

eFIswgEtral'eBl. kareTAcuH Cab'nwgbCaCn edmI bMerIbCaCn bs&yTak'TgC^t

si~TnwgbCaCn KWCakarGnuvtn_nUvTwsImYyk~gkarGb'rMBYkkbx&NExrkhm.

skmPaBcitsasrebbenH manbsiTPaBnigsIuCemAeTAelIbCaCnBitVkdEmn

CaCagkarENnSbegnTwsI. bCaCnksikrenAtamPUmimUldan Edlminyl'GIesaHBIerOg

bd^vtn_sgmniym k*cab'sLaj'nigKSTGgkarPam@ tamry:menaseJtnas~iTis~al.

23
enAk~gmnIr

enAKb'mnIrTSgGs' Exrkhmrs'enACasmUhPaB ( Collectivit) ) eKarBv^n&yrbs'

smUhPaB (v^n&yGgkar) eKarBeBlevlaeFIkarEdlsmUhPaBVnkMNt'Gnuvtn_Epnkarb

cSsVh_ bcSEx EdlsmUhPaBVnelIkeLIg.

smaC^kTSgGs'enAk~gmnIrtveFIBlikmdUcK~a TSgsmaC^kFmta TSgbFan. kickar

BlkmenHtvVneKcat'TukCacSVc'TImYy sMrab' ksag xn[eTACakmaCB Cakmkrman

p~t'cgak'eTArkBlkm GacTSTnwgkarlMVkepg@ Edlbd^vtn_rbs'eKGaceBIbbTH. kic

karBlkmGacduslagstiGarmN_bd^vtn_mYyfKW stiGarmN_bd^vtn_ stiGarmN_Cakma

CB stiGarmN_sgmniym. BYkExrkhmsah_TUnanK~aeKfa bd^vtn_rbs'eK enAman

karbt'EbnlMVkevTnateTAeTot (La rvolution disait Mao Ts Tung suit un chemin toujours tortueux ;

jamais rectiligne) smaC^km~ak'@ mintvC^HCan'Blkmrbs'eKeT BYkeKTSgGs' (elIkElgvrCn

ExrkhmsMxan'@ xHEdr) tvdSbEn dSdLg ErkTwk BuHGus eFIGgredayxng tamevn

erog@ xn. ekABIkickarsMrab'CvPaBmnIr smaC^km~ak'@ manParkiccMeJHmuxdUcCakargarenA

eragBumCaedm. GgkarhamVmmin[ebIJk Ga-mwg rvagK~anigK~a. eKykJk mit

mkebIswgEtTUeTA. Jkbg mIg ma Gu ta yay k*manebIEdr EtCaTUeTAeKebIJk mit ecIn

Cag. eKsah_TUnan[Bgg menaseJtnaneyaVy rvagK~anigK~aCag menaseJt

na CabuKl.

GgkarFab'ENnS[xitxMCruH FatubuKl lkN:buKlniymEdleKecaTfaCa Fatu

btikiriya [VnCaGtibrma [bkan'xab'nUv sartIsYnrYm nUvChr smUhPaB [Kit

beyaCn_sYnrYmFMCagbeyaCn_sYntY. ebIsmaC^kNaqab'jak'ejac qab'xwgeqvqav eKecaT

faenAman FatubuKlkas'. CaFatubuKlenHeKecInPab' FatuesrIniym CamYypg. Fatu

TSgGs'enHtvVneKcat'TukCaFatubqSgnwgbd^vtn_

CaFaturbs'vN:C^HCan'

Faturbs'BYk

btikiriya. enAk~gbCuCvPaBmg@ eKEtgTietonK~aeTAv^jeTAmkBIerOg esrIniym k~gkar

hUb edk edr niyay VnesckIfa manmitxHbriePaKVyhYsBIkarkMNt'rbs'eK TMrn'
kekakBIdeNk niyayhUrEheBk minecHrkakarN_smat' .l.
kartamdanK~aeTAv^jeTAmk

CakrNIkicnsmaC^km~ak'@

ehIykarCruHFatudUceJl

xagelIenH k*beyaCn_Gb'rMsmaC^krbs'eK[Ca Cnsgmniym (Un Socialiste). enHCa

Chan pSg mnus[eTACa ma"suIn mYy (Un robot, un automate) pyBIdeNIrv^vtn_Fm-

Cati.

lkN:Jla Gav"aEs tvGgkarENnS[bMVt' manerOgsI sa ElgCaedm.

cMeJHsInigElg eXIjGgkarExrkhmedaHsayVnBitVkdEmn CamYynwgGMeBIqk'bn'

epg@ . cMENkeKOgsvgenAmanesssl'xH@ EtGgkarExrkhmVnedaHsaybMVt'

lkN:svg Gava"EsVnmYykMrity"agFM.

24
nUvk~gsgmrbs'BYkExrkhm eKVnhamVmmin[bursmanbBnBIrdac'xat.

ksikrenAk~gPUmi k*dUcsmaC^kenAk~gmnIrmYy@ Edr tvmanParkictamdanemIlskm

PaBK~aeTAv^jeTAmkenAk~gBYkenAk~gkumrbs'xn

edmIGb'rMK~aeTAv^jeTAmkEdlBYkkumy-

nisniymehAfa ksag. k~gmYysVh_eKmanbCuBYk kummg eKehAfabCuCvPaB.

k~geBlbCuBYkeKeFIkarTieton nigs&yTietonK~aeTAv^jeTAmk KWeKelIkBIkarxHxat karqSqg

BIKuNsmti nigKuNv^btirbs'xnnigmitrYmBYkmklattdag. KWkareFIs&yTietonnigTieton

enHehIy Edlbg[BYkExrkhmG~ksuktamdanK~aeTAv^jeTAmk. kareFIs&yTieton nig

TietonenHehIy

CabkrN_elxmYyrbs'lTima"kis-eLnInis.

m~ak'@ tvttBiniteTAelIxngnigeTAelImitxnman :
-

eKalChrEdlsmaC^k

eKalChrBlkm

eKalChrneyaVy

eKalChrsamKIPaB

eKalChrstiGarmN_

eKalChrcat'tSg

k~g{kasbCukum eKttBiniteKalChrrYmrbs'kumTSgmUl minsMedAeTAelIbuKl

Nam~ak'eT.
ekay.

ekaykarBinitChrepg@rbs'kum

eKcab'erobcMeFIEpnkarrYmsMrab'GaTit

k~gkarTietons&yTietonenH GgkarExrkhmVnENnSTUnanmin[ykkarTietons&y

TietonenHeFICaGavuFsMrab'sgswkK~a vaybharK~aeT. eKTUnan[ykkarTietons&yTieton

enH eFICameFaVyGb'rMEkK~aeTAv^jeTAmk eFICa f~SkMcat'eraK epg@ maneraK buKl

niym esrIniym namuWnniym GaCaniym kariyal&yniym Caedm. G~keFIkarTietoneK nig

G~kEdltveKTieton

tv[man

xYrkaltCak'Canic

kuMjak'ejacxwgeqvqav.

s&yTietonnigTietontvQrelIGgkarnigmaKamhaCnCanic.

kareFI

v^n&ymYyeTotrbs'Exrkhm (BYkkbx&N) KWkarlak'karN_sMgat'. smaC^kmnIr

tvlak'GafkMVMgrbs'xn rbs'mnIr nigrbs'Ggkar. ehtudUec~HehIyVnCam~ak'@ tvman

eQaHfmYy

tvlak'eQaHedmrbs'xnkMu[nrNadg

sYrBtmanBIxngCapvkar.

bsinebImanG~kdTNa

elIkElgEtGgkarf~ak'elIeKtvkar
eTaHCaG~kenAk~gCYrdUcK~a

bgbn

ksikrNacg'dgBITItSgrbs'mnIr BIeQaHedm vNPaB edm sukkMeNItrbs'xn eKmin

tvVb'[nrNadgeT

eTotEdr.

v^n&yenHtvVneKrMlwkral'sVh_nigtamdandUcskmPaBepg@

k~gerOgzananukm eKk*VnGnuvtedayht'ct' KWGgkarf~ak'ekameKarBGgkarf~ak'elI

KN:PUmisab'bJaKN:XuM KN:XuMsab'bgab'KN:suk KN:sukeKarBKN:tMbn' KN:

tMbn'eKarBKN:PaK

kmCa).

KN:PaKtvsab'KN:mCwm

(KN:kmkarkNalnbkkumynis

25
smaC^km~ak'@ tvbKl'xn[Ggkar ksag edayKan tMl tvTukcitTSg

sugeTAelI Ggkar eJHGgkarmanEP~kdUc m~as' minecHxusqg. enHCalkx&Npac'

karrbs'bkeTAelIbuKl

bJak'nUvGMNacKanBMEdnrbs'bkeTAelIGI@TSgGs'.

citTSgsugeTAelIGgkar

tvkarJrkitiysGgkar

KWCa

ChaneqaHeTArklTi pac'karrbs'vN:GFn (Dictature proltarienne) smaC^km~ak'@ mankarTuk

mintvvaybharGgkarBIekayx~g

eLIy. bsinebIGnuvttammaKarbs'GgkarehIy EtEbrCaVnlTplGakk'pyeTAv^j eK

mintvecaTbkan'Ggkarfa dak'Tis xuseT eKtvdak'kMhuseTAelIbuKleTAv^j KWbuKl

eTEdlmankarqSqg mankarxHxat. plv^VkmYyecosvagminput KWEtgEtelckbxNExr

khmNam~ak'VnbBwtrMelaPelIv^n&y ekabGMNacelIxng ehIyykeQaHGgkarmk

eFICaLb'EL. EdlehAfaGgkar KWbkkumyniskmCa nigsaxatUcFMrbs'bkenH mantSgBI

KN:kmakarPUmi XuM suk tMbn' PaK rhUtdl'f~ak'mCwm

rvagmnIrmYynigmnIrmYy eKhamVmmin[ecjcUlrehtrhUteT BuMenaHeT smaC^k

enaHnwgtveKelIkykmkTieton ksag BIbT esrIniym BIbTbMJnelIlkx&NkarN_

sMgat'.

ehtudUec~HehIy VnCasmaC^knmnIrnimYy@ BuMsUvmankarTak'TgK~a breyabl'K~aeTA

v^jeTAmk. eKerobcMy"agenH KWedmIxb'kMLSgGafkMVMgbMrugkt'Ggkarrbs'eKEdr. k~gkar

rs'enAtammnIrnimYy@ eKsah_rMlwk[bkan' ChrkraCmas'kar xnTIBwgxn KWmnIr

nimYy@ tvrkmeFaVyedmIrs'edayxng. GgkarKan'Etpl'Vk'CvPaB[k~g 1 Ex

135 erol sMrab'smaC^km~ak'@ . mnIrnimYy@ tvllkmbcMNI (ecInEtkamxg) bEnxn

g tv

sMrukbgbegnpl tamkMLSgpal'xn tvciJwmman'-Ta Ck enAtammnIrerog@

xntamlTPaBEdlGaceFIeTAVn.

kickarBlkm

kickarBlkmenH tvVnGgkarcat'TukCakrNIkicTI1 rbs'smaC^km~ak'@. Cnkumy

nistvEt

lt'd

xnenAk~gkargarBlkmCacSVc'.

bJvn manlMnSdUcK~anwgkargarrbs'G~ksuk KW:

-

kargarBlkmsMrab'BYkkbx&N

enAk~gmnIr smaC^km~ak'@ eTaHbuskI sIkI CabJvnkI CakUnksikrsuTsaFkI

tvErkTwk rkGus dSs eVssMGatTIFamnIr CkkamtamvalEs ErkTwkesac

bEn kinsv Can'Ggr [Vyman'-Ta Ck dUcK~aTSgGs'. kickarTSgGs'enH eK

EckevnK~aeFIedayeTogTat' KanGarmN_cegtcgl'GIeT. karemIlbMNSK~a

bEkkCTas'minBmeFI minsUvmaneT. m~ak'@tvsMEdgTwkcitGMNt'erog@xn k~g

eBlbMeBjkickarBlkmGImYy. smaC^km~ak'EdlxilcGUs TMrn'k~gkickargar

TSgGs'enH nwgtvsmaC^kdTeToteFIkarTietonenAk~geBlbCuBYk bCukum.

26
-

kargarbgbegnpl

mnIrnimYy@

tvVnGgkarf~ak'elIENnS[ecHedaHsay

bJaCvPaBedayxng kuMsUvBwgEpkelIbCaksikreBk eJHbCaCnmankarxH

xatecIn. mnIrnimYy@ Kas'raneFIcMkarcardNSedayxng mandSs eb"geV"H

C tkYn eXak tLac tb' ems dLg eJt sENkCaedm. mankumExrkhm

xHeTot dUcCamnIrsil:PUmiPaKBiessCaedm yuvCnekg@nSK~aeLIgcget~atyk

TwkrMgas'eFIsr sMrab'ebIVs'enAk~gmnIrrbs'xn.

k~gerOgciJwmman'-Ta Ckv^j k*mnIrTSgGs'bwgEbgBgkNas'Edr. fIebI

man'-Ta CkmanenAtammnIrk*eday mbGahark*enAEtGt:xat' xt'exaydEdl eJH

ma"g GgkarENnS[ ecHsnMsMc ecHGt'TSnwgkarGt'Xan [bMVt'GarmN_

cg'qaj'. m"ageTot PUmiPaKEdleyIgrs'enA CaPUmiPaKkxt'xagtIsac'xSgNas'

sUmIEtkEgbk*BiVkrkeTotpg. BgTa 2-3 tvykeTAesarCamYybEns sMrab'

smaC^k 12 nak'. maneBlxHeKesarbEnTeT KantIsac'GIeT. k~gmYyq~S@ manExr

khmxHVnbriePaKtIss'Et 3-4 dgbu"eNaHeT ehIyBuMVnKb'Kan'eTot.
-

kargarbMerIbCaCn Exrkhmm~ak'@tvCtCabnwg Tsn:mhaCn tvCab'nwg

mhaCn Cab'nwgbCaCn. karCYyFur:bCaCn CaBiessbCaCnmUldan Cakar

ykcitTukdak'TI1 rbs'Ggkarf~ak'elI. eBlNabCaCnelIkTMnb' CksH eFI

f~l' sg'pH BYkExrkhmEdlenAC^txagPUmienaH Etgcat'evnK~aeTACYyeFI ehIy

eFIedayykcitTukdak'eTotpg. eBldksg cUtkat' eVkEbn eKk*pas'evnK~a

eTACYyedayeTogTat'. cMeJHksikrNaEdlkxt'CageK Ggkark*VnCYyFur:

ecInCageKpgEdr.

enHCaTidPaBmYyEdleyIgKYrcab'GarmN_.

BlkmCaChrTImYy k*k~geKalbMNg:
1-

GgkarExrkhmcat'Tukkargar

[kbx&NsmaC^krbs'eKKb'Can'f~ak'

etomxncMeJHkarBiVk

epg@eTAfekay [manTMlab'sLaj'kargarBlkmenH EdlCa

eKalkarN_sMxan'sMrab'QaneTAksagbCaCatisgmniym ( Une

2-

34-

nation socialiste ) .

[smaC^knigkbx&Nrbs'eKC^tsi~TnwgbCaCn

nigTukFur:bCaCn

sal'sMNUmBr

BmTSgeqteronsUtBIbCaCn.

enAelIEp~k

beckeTsnkargar bCaCnCabPBncMeNHv^CaminecHrIgst.

bNHp~t'sartIeKarBGgkarv^n&yrbs'BYk rbs'kum tamlMnSv^n&y

smar:niym ( Discipline matrialiste ) rbs'BYkkmkreragck.

[smaC^k kbx&Nm~ak'@ xM lt'd xnedmICruH Fatu min

bd^vtn_ minkmaCB dUcCa Fatu rbs'bJavnPaKecInCaedm. ebI

27
minVnCab'xnnwgBlkmeT buKlenaHBuMecHsLaj'bCaCneT enA

EtmanstiGarmN_C^HCan'Blkmrbs'G~kdT

EdlCastiGarmN_

rbs'BYkbtikiriya rbs'skiPUmi rbs'BYkmUlFn.

tamTwsIsmar:niym manEtBYkkmkr-kmaCBeT EdlCaG~k

ksagBiPBelak ksagsgmniymnimYy@. vN:kmkrnigkmaCB

enH mankarcMNayecInCageKTSgGs' enAk~gsgmniymnimYy@ .

dUec~H tamlkN:bCaFibety minKYreLIyrdGMNacminVnFak'

eTAelIkNab'drbs'vN:enH.
5-

eLnInis.

enHCaTsn:rbs'BYkma"kis-

bNHsartIsmar:niym Vkdniym v^Tasasniym tamKng

ma"kis-eLnInis bMVt'Tsn:KMnitniym ( Idalisme ) EdlbMerI

vN:btikiriya vN:C^HCan' (enHCaTsn:rbs'BYkExrkhm). ma"g

eTot kargarBlkmenHCa{sfmYy CYybMVt'stiGarmN_ Tsn:

cegtcgl'pgEdr (Etroitesse de vue ).

Exrkhmmankarcab'GarmN_xSgNas' eTAelIkarGb'rMneyaVy. kMLSgneyaVy

CakMLSgTImYyrbs'eK

khmKb'kbx&N

kMLSgeyaFaKan'EtCabkrN_nkMLSgneyaVy.

tvTTYlkarGb'rMneyaVyCacSVc'.

smaC^kExr

eKeronsUtenAtamsalaeron

neyaVy enAtammnIr eBleFImITIg eFIsn~iVt eBlbCuCvPaBCaedm.

karGb'rMenAtamsalaeronneyaVy GgkarExrkhmsBfenAxHkmaPiVl kb

x&N bkbedayKuNsmti nigvbFmneyaVyecInNas'. elak hU-yn' xngk*Vn

sarPaBerOgenHenAk~gmhasn~iVtbJvnenAcugExsPa 1972 pgEdr. kmaPiVlm~ak'@

munnwgeTAkan'naTITTYlxustvNamYy tvTTYlkarhwkhWnGb'rMGs'eBld*yUr BImYyq~SeTAbI

q~Sy"agtic ehIyFab'bMerIclnarbs'eKyUrmkehIypg enA yuvkk (yuvCnkumynis

kmCa) enAk~g snkb (smaKmnarIkmCabCaFiety).

kmaPiVlm~ak'@ tvmansIlFmrs'enA nigsIlFmneyaVysatsM KW :

28
1-

2-

sLaj' eKarB nigbMerIbCaCn-kmkr-ksikr[Gs'BIcitBIefm minebI

GMNacpac'kareTAelIbCaCn minKMramkMEhgbCaCn tvsuPaBrabsar

Tn'Pn'eTArkbCaCnCanic.

esaHtg'nigkarJrplbeyaCn_bCaCnCadac'xat

mineFIGI[b"HJl'

dl'TBsmtibCaCn sUmIEtems 1 Ep Ggr 1 kMbu"gk*eday min

KMramkMEhgykTBsmtibCaCn eTaHCatammeFaVyekA tCak'k*

3-

eday. mintvsIusMNUksUkV"n'BIbCaCn.

ebIeFIGIxuscMeJHbCaCn tvsuMeTasbCaCn.

4-

niyaysI edk edr Qr Ggy sIucuk elgesIcedaysuPaBrabsar

5-

kuMbBwtGMeBIelIscMeJHnarIePT.

tambBNIbCaCn.

6-

kuMsIupkGIEdlmanlkN: JlaGava"Es minbd^vtn_.

8-

kuMb"HJl'luykak' TBsmtirYm rbs'bCaCn rbs'Ggkar.

79-

101112-

13-

kuMelgElgsuIsg[esaH.

tvmankMhwgqabeqHcMeJHxSg.

tveFIBlkmdUcbCaCn.

tveKarBmtirbs'smUhPaB GgkarCanic. mintveFIkartamrebobpac'

karrbs'buKlm~ak'eLIy.

tveFIkarTietonnigs&yTieton[VnlCanic

15-

eday

sartIesaHtg' cg'ksagsamKIPaB kPaBpk~g[VnrwgbuwgCalMdab'

mintvvaybharK~aekAGgkar cak'cucdeNImTiBlK~aeLIy.

tvmansartIPak'rlwk eFIbd^vtn_edayxng mintvBwgEpkelIG~kdT

breTs

[eKeFICnYsxneLIy.

bd^vtn_rbs'bCaCnkmCa
14-

k~gGgkarrNsir

tvyl'[cas'fa

bd^vtn_enHCa

tvEtbCaCnkmCaeFIedayxng

nigkan'

kab'vasnabeTsCatiedayxng minedkBwgJk'breTseFICnYseT.

tvmansartImas'kar ecHedaHsayKb'bJaEdlTak'Tgdl'CvPaBxag

sartI xagsMPar:rbs'bCaCn.

tveCCak'fa kartsUrbs'eyIgmankarlMVkEmn Etdac'xatnwgmanC&y

CnH.

enAk~gsalaGb'rMneyaVyenH

GgkarExrkhmVnebIlicedaybiunbsb'

ecH

elIkykksarneyaVynana mkENnSGb'rM sMrbeTAtamkMritKMnitneyaVyrbs'smaC^k

m~ak'@ (eKniymniyayfakarPak'rlwkneyaVy) VnesckIfa cMeJHsmaC^kNaEdlenA

CJk'citnwgescsIhnu (kbx&NrNsir) enAeLIy ehIyenAxacrbbsgmniym eKecIn

elIkykEtksartwmkMritrNsirmkGb'rM mYyk*eKTuk[smaC^kbePTenH TTYlkarEN

29
nShwkhWneTAtammnIrEtbu"eNaH. bnicmg@ eKbMpusmaKaeqaHeTArkTwsIkhm tamry:k

sarepg@ manCaGaTi_ ksarsIBI :

-karEbgEckvN:enAk~gsgmkmCa
-kartsUvN:

-Tsn:mhaCn

-karksagChrkmaCB
-Tieton nigs&yTieton

-emaTnPaBxus nigtv

-KuNsmtirbs'kmaPiVl .l.

cMeJHkbx&NeBjlkN: (kmaPiVls~l EdlCabkCnnbkkumyniskmCa

Membre du parti communiste khmer) kMritGb'rMeronsUtk*kan'EtmanChreTAeTot KWeTArkp~t'sgm

niym (Pli socialiste) eTArkrbbkumynis ehIykarGb'rMeronsUtrbs'BYkbePTenH tvTukCa

karlak'kMVMgmin[smaC^kbePTrNsir bePTsamJdgeLIy. KWkmaPiVlCaebkCn

enHehIyEdlGgkarExrkhmcat'[eTAeFICas~lenAtamtMbn'nana CabFanmnIr Cas~gkar

neyaVyenAk~gkgT&BeK.

enAPUmiPaKBiessrbs'GgkarExrkhm G~kEdlmanPar:begnGb'rMkbx&Nneya-

Vy manelak esog-eV"Es, elak rs'-CaeTa, elak suk-FYk, elak C-KImGan (eTIbnwg

sab'edmExemsa 1972), nigmit hg' (eQaHbd^vtn_).

enAPUmiPaKnirtITis manelak CU-eCt, elak ePaK-qay, elak Fuc-rin CaG~k

begn.

karGb'rMnigkareronsUtenAtammnIr, mnIrnimYy@, bFannigGnubFanCaG~kdknSeron

sUt BiPakaBIeKalkarN_epg@ EdlmanEcgenAk~gksar. ksarTSgGs'EdleKyk

mkeronsUt suTEttak'EtgecjBIKN:kmkarkNalnbkkumynis (mCwm) rbs'eK.

kareronsUtenAtammnIrBuMVneFIedayeTogTat'eT CYneKerobcMeFImYyExmg CYnBIrExmg tam

eBlTMenr.

ekABIkareronsUtenAk~gksar eKcat'TukkarbCuCvPaB (bCueFITieton nig s&y

Tieton) EdlmaneFIerogral'fGaTit karGb'rMneyaVy nigkarttBinitnUvkarGnuvtn_TwsI

maKaneyaVymYyy"agv^essv^sal. enAk~gkarbCuTieton nigs&yTieton ecInriHKn'K~aeTA

v^jeTAmkBIFatu buKlniym Fatu esrIniym ecInCageK. eKxitxMbMVt' Fatu TSg

enH k*enAk~geKaledA pSg mnus[eTACabkrN_mYysMrab'eKarBnigGnuvtv^n&yrbs'

GgkaredayKanrGUrTS dUcma"sIun sMrab'rbbsgmniymenHg. eKbNHp~t'KMniteKarBcgak'

v^n&y cgak'kargar cgak'CvPaB sbtamv^n&yrbs'kmkrEdleKEtgEtelIkykmkeFICaKMrU.

30
KWeKGnuvtTwsIkmaCvUbnIykm edayykTMgn'GMNacbkmkKbsgt'bnicmg@. enHKWCavK

dMbUgn GMNacpac'karvN:kmaCB (Phase primaire de la dictature proltarienne).

karGb'rMneyaVytamry:mITIg

mYyy"agsMxan'nBYksgmniym.

eyIgVndgehIyfa

mITIgCasalaGb'rMneyaVy

emdknSExrkhmVnebIkmux

saFarN:.

enAelIbdakhmeJgJt

eKEcgJkesakepg@

bk manCaGaTi:

yIeha

rbs'eKCa

bJak'nUvtYnaTIdknSrbs'

manEtbkkumyniskmCaeT EdlGacdknSbd^vtn_eTArkC&yCnHCasaBrVn.

bkkumyniskmCabkan'naTIdknSbd^vtn_kmCa.

f 30 kJa 1972 enAevlaem"ag 7 lac enAxageCgPUmitSgexA ekamdNk'ePg

sic@ eKasns&BVnbMBgbJaxSg@ [mitTSgGs'TMlak'dGav biTeLvk edaHmYk bug

ebobeKarB Tg'bk TsnikCneKarBtambJaedayesmsat'. bTePg eKarBTg'

bk k*VnbnWeLIg vSgnnBNexovrebIkeLIg elcpSgkMNat'khmTMhMbmaN 4 m2 man

sJakeNvnigjjrbTak'K~aenAcMkNalpSgkhm. xMgakeqgsS eXIjmitC^txagkab'

dKMnab'y"agesmsat'. xMk*kab'dKMnab'tameKEdr ehIygakeTAxwbdak'mitxMm~ak'Edlman

Tsn:neyaVydUcK~aCaPasaVrSgfa dUceKcak'cMebHdUgxMtvmYykSbit xMmanGarmN_

hak'dUcrs'enAk~gshPaBsUevt. mitxMeFIsJa[xMniyaytic@ kMu[eK. bnicekaymk

eqteBlEdlG~keTotkMBugcab'GarmN_nwgsunrkfarbs'GnubFanPUmiPaKBiess
TSgBIrnak'ekHK~arMkilxnbnicmg@

ecjBITIenaHTSgeFgeFagsalxn

eyIg

BmTSgGs'sgwm

EfmmYytteTot. minEdlmaneBlNaEdlxMGs'sgwmnwgerOgCatidUceBlenHeT.
karGb'rMneyaVytamry:sn~iVt

eBleFIsn~iVtmg@

mansn~iVtbJvnCaedm

vrCnExrkhm kmaPiVlrbs'eKEtgnSK~aBiPakaBIkarlMVk karxHxatepg@ EdleK

VnCYbbTHk~gkarGnuvtn_maKabk.

sn~iVtrbs'eKmanlkN:cMhrxH smat'xH. enAk~gsn~iVtCMhr eKelIkbJanana

k~gkbx&NrNsirmkBiPaka. eKlak'bMVMgminniyayBI bkkumynis BIkmv^FIneya-

Vyrbs'bk.

enAk~grgg'

bkCn

kumynis

karBiPakaepg@

enAk~gsn~iVtmanlkN:Ca

smat' eJHeKBiPakakmv^FIneyaVyrbs'bkBitVkd BIyuTv^FI nigv^FIsasbk. ekA

BIbkCn s~lsMxan'@ KansmaC^kdTNamansiTicUlrYmk~gmhasn~iVtenHeT.

31
rebobcat'EcgrdaPiVl PUmi XuM suk tMbn' PaK
sBfenH BYkExrkhmVnEck PUmi XuM suk ext PaK Ca PUmi XuM suk ext PaK

dUcK~a. karbegt tMbn' PaK EdlsbeTAnwg ext PaK rbs'eyIg enABuMTan'cas'las'enA

eLIyeT

tamBittMbn'nimYy@

rbs'Exrkhm manTMhMb"unnwgrbs'eyIg ehIyPaKnimYy@

sbK~anwgPUmiPaKrdrbs'eyIg (Rgions administratives).

PUmi XuM tMbn' PaKnimYy@ dknSedayKN:kmkarPUmi XuM suk tMbn' PaK. eKecIn

niyayedayxIfa KN:PUmi XuM tMbn'.

KN:kmkarnimYy@ mansmasPaBdUcteTA :

-bFan

-GnubFan

-smaC^k (ecIntic) TTYlbnkxagesdkic sgmkic vbFm eyaFa .l.

cMeJHXuM suk nigtMbn' eKmanEtgtSgs~gkarneyaVyrbs'bkm~ak' EdleKniym

ehAfa elxabk(elxarbs'bk). elxabk enHmanGMNacFMCageK eJHmantMNag

rbs'bksMrab'tamdanemIlskmPaBrbs'KN:kmkarTSgmUl. enAtamXuMEdlbCaCnenA
BuMTan'yl'BIerOgbd^vtn_rbs'eK

eKEtgtSg[mans~gkarneyaVyrbs'bkm~ak'

enAGm

KN:kmkar. s~gkarneyaVy elxa suTEtCabkCn CasmaC^keBjcab'enAk~g

bk. cMENksmaC^keTotnKN:kmkar (elIkElgKN:tMbn'nigPaK) manxHminTan'Vn

cUlCasmaC^knbkeT KWKan'EtCa Cnbegal CaG~kFab'KSTbd^vtn_rbs'eKCayUrmk

ehIy

nigFab'VnTTYlkarGb'rMneyaVyeCACHBIBYkeK.

enAmanbFan

smaC^kKN:

kmkarrNsirPUmiXuMxH enAtwmkbx&NrNsirenAeLIy KWenAyl'faeKeFIbd^vtn_enHedmI

bKl'GMNaceTA[sIhnuv^jEtbu"eNaH.

khmXSemIlCanic

cMeJHsmaC^kKN:kmkarbePTenH

ehIyeKsah_Gb'rMneyaVybnicmg@

mkdl'lMdab'bd^vtn_sgmniym.

GgkarExr

edmITak'Taj[elatepaH

enAcugq~S 1970 rhUtmkdl'Jk'kNalq~S 1971 smasPaBnKN:kmkarrN-

sirenAtamPUmiXuMsuk enAcbUkcbl'xSgNas'. BYksIhnuniymVnTTYltMENgsMxan'@

CaecIn enAk~gGgkarekam KWenAk~gKN:PUmi XuM suk nigtMbn'xH@. smaC^kGs'enaHeCs

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