CC CNG THC O HM, NGUYN HM V

TCH PHN C BN CA HM MT BIN

I/ O HM:
I1/ Cc quy tc tnh o hm:

( )

1/ u + v ' = u'+ v'

2/ uv ' = u'v + uv'

u
u'v - uv'

'=
4/

( )

3/ cu ' = cu' (c l hng s)

I2/ Bng o hm cc hm s s cp c bn:

( )
3/ ( sin x) ' = cosx

1
cos2 x
x
x
7/ a ' = a lna

6/ cot gx ' = -

( )
(

4/ cosx ' = - sin x

5/ tgx ' =

9/ loga x ' =

( )

m
m- 1
2/ x ' = mx

1/ c ' = 0 (c l hng s)

( )

1
sin2 x

x
x
8/ e ' = e

1
x lna

( )

10/ ln ' =

11/ arcsin x ' =

1
x
1

12/ arccosx ' = -

1- x2
1
13/ ( arctgx) ' =
1+ x2

1- x2

I3/ Mt vi o hm cp cao ca mt vi hm s s cp:

( )
f ( x) = k ( k - 1) ...( k - n + 1) x (n k)
( )
( )
2/ f ( x) = e , f ( x) = e
( )
(
)
3/ f ( x) = sin x, f ( x) = ( - 1) sin x ; f
( x) = ( - 1) cosx
( )
(
)
4/ f ( x) = cosx, f ( x) = ( - 1) cosx ; f
( x) = ( - 1) sin x

1/ f x = xk,
x

k- n

2k

2k

2k+1

n
1
n!
( n)
f
x
=
,
f
x
=
1
(
)
(
)
(
)
5/
n+1
1+ x
( 1+ x)

2k+1

( )

6/ f x = 1- x , f

( n)

( x) =

n!

( 1- x)

n+1

I4/ Cc nh l c bn v o hm:
1/ nh l Fremat: Gi s hm s f t cc tr ti im x0 . Nu f c o hm ti

( )

im x0 th f ' x0 = 0.

R lin tc trn on a, bv c o
2/ nh l Rolle: Gi s hm s f:
a, b

( )

( )

hm trn khong a, b . Nu f a = f b th tn ti t nht mt im c

( a,b)

sao

( )

cho f ' c = 0.

v c o hm trn
3/ nh l Lagrange: Nu hm s f lin tc trn on
a, b

khong a, b th tn ti t nht mt im c

( a,b)

sao cho

f ( b) - f ( a) = f '( c) .( b - a)
v c o
4/ nh l Cauchy: Gi s f v g l hai hm s lin tc trn on
a, b

( )

hm trn khong a, b . Nu g' x 0 vi mi x

( a,b)

th tn ti t nht mt im

c ( a,b) sao cho

f '( c)

g'( c)

f ( b) - f ( a)

g( b) - g( a)

I5/ ng dng ca o hm:

1/ Cng thc Taylor:

v c o hm cp
Gi s hm s f c cc o hm cp n lin tc trn on

a, b

n + 1 tren khong a, b . Khi tn ti mt im c

f ( b) = f ( a) +

f '( a)
1!

( b - a) +

f ''( a)
2!

( b - a)

2/ Cng thc Maclaurin:

( a,b)

+ ... +

( n)

sao cho

( a)

n!

( b - a)

( n+1)

( c) b - a
(
)
( n + 1) !

Gi s hm s f c cc o hm n cp n + 1 tn mt ln cn im 0 (tc l
trn mt khong m cha im 0). Khi :

f '( 0)

f ( x) = f ( 0) +

( )

Vi R n x =

1!

x+

f "( 0)
2!

( n)

( 0) x

n!

+ R n ( x)

( n+1)

( qx) x
( n + 1) !

x2 + ... +

n+1

, 0 < q< 1 (phn d dng lagrange)

n+1

( )

Hoc R x =
n

( n+1)

( qx)

n!

( 1- q)

xn+1 , 0 < q< 1 (phn d dng Cauchy).

3/ p dng cng thc Taylor vit cng thc trin khai ca mt s hm s:

( 1) ex = 1+

x x2
xn
xn+1 qx
+ + ... +
+
e
1! 2!
n! ( n + 1) !

n+1
n x
x2 x3
1
( 2) ln( 1+ x) = x - 2 + 3 - ... + ( - 1)
( n + 1) ( 1+ qx) n+1

a ( a - 1) ...( a - n + 1) n
a a ( a - 1)
+
+ ... +
x + R n ( x)
1!
2!
n!
k- 1
x3 x5
x2k- 1
( 4) sin x = x - 3! + 5! - ... + ( - 1) 2k - 1 ! + R 2k(x)
(
)

( 3) ( 1+ x)

= 1+

( 5) cosx = 1-

2k
k x
x2 x4 x6
+ + ... + ( - 1)
+ R 2k- 1 ( x)
2! 4! 6!
2k
!
( )

II/ NGUYN HM:

1/ nh ngha:

( ) ( )
( )
mt nguyn hm ca f ( x) nu F '( x) = f ( x) , " x ( a,b) .

( )

Cho hai hm s F x , f x xc nh trong khong a, b . F x c gi l

2/ nh l:

( )

( )

( )

Nu F x l mt nguyn hm ca f x trong khong a, b th f x s c v

( )

s nguyn hm trong khong a, b . Cc nguyn hm ny c dng F x + c (c l hng

s).

f ( x) dx l tp hp cc nguyn hm ca f ( x) .
f ( x) dx = F ( x) + c

Ngi ta thng k hiu

3/ Cc nguyn hm c bn:

( 1) 0dx = c
( 3)

dx
2 x

= x +c

( 2) dx = x + c
- 1
=
+c
( 4) dx
x
x
2

( 5)

dx

( ax + b)

- 1
+c
a( ax + b)

xn+1

( 6) x dx = n + 1 + c ( n
n

( 7)

- 1)
dx

dx
= ln x + c
x

( 9) e dx = e
x

( 8) ax + b = a ln ax + b + c
( 9') e

+c

ax+b

dx =

( a 0)
ax
( 10) a dx = lna + c

( 11) sin xdx = -

( 11') sin( ax + b) dx = -

1 ax+b
e
+c
a

cosx + c

1
cos( ax + b) + c
a

( 12) cosxdx = sin x + c

( 12') cos( ax + b) dx = a1 sin( ax + b) + c
( 13) tgxdx = -

ln cosx + c

dx
= tgx + c
( 15) cos
x
2

( 14) cot gxdx = ln sin x + c

( 16) sindxx = 2

( 17) x dx- 1 = 21 ln xx -+ 11 + c
2

( 17') x dx
- a
2

( 18)
( 19)
( 19')

dx
2

x +k

1
x- a
ln
+c
2a x + a

= ln x + x2 + k + c

x 2
1
x + 1 + ln x + x2 + 1 + c
2
2
x 2
k
x2 + kdx =
x + k + ln x + x2 + k + c
2
2

x2 + 1dx =

II/ TCH PHN:

1/ nh ngha:

cot gx + c

( )

Cho hm s f x ln tc trn on

a, b, F ( x) l mt nguyn hm ca f ( x) .

l mt s thc. K hiu:
Tch phn ca f ( x) trn on
a, b

f ( x) dx v c xc
a

nh bi :
b

f ( x) dx = F ( b) - F ( a)
a

( )

( )

(hoc F x
Ngi ta thng dng k hiu
F x
a

Khi :

b
a

f ( x) dx = F ( x) a
a

2/ Cc phng php tnh tch phn:

b

a/ Dng nh ngha: S dng cng thc

F ( x) b
f
x
dx
=
(
)

b/ Phng php i bin.

c/ Dng cng thc tch phn tng phn:
Ta k hiu: du = u'dx
;
dv = v'dx
b

udv = uva a

( )

vdu
a

*Ch : K hiu P x l a thc ca x th :

sin x

cosxdx
P
x
.
+ Nu gp ( )
th t u = P ( x)
x
e

+ Nu gp

P ( x) ln( x) dx th t u = ln x

( )

( )

) ch F b - F a .