Chuyn

TCH PHN
CNG THC

Bng nguyn hm
Nguyn hm ca nhng hm s
thng gp

Nguyn hm ca nhng
hm s s cp thng
gp

dx = x + C

x dx =
dx

x = ln x + C ( x 0)
e dx = e + C
x

sin xdx = cos x + C

1
cos x dx = tan x + C
x

ax
+ C ( 0 < a 1)
ln a
cos xdx = sin x + C
a x dx =

du = u + C

sin

d ( ax + b) = a ( ax + b) + C

x +1
+ C ( 1)
+1

dx = cot x + C

Nguyn hm ca nhng
hm s hp

+1
( ax + b ) dx = 1 ( ax + b ) + C ( 1)
a +1
dx
1
= ln ax + b + C ( x 0 )
ax + b a
1
e ax + b dx = e ax +b + C
a
1
cos( ax + b ) dx = sin ( ax + b ) + C
a
1
sin ( ax + b ) dx = cos( ax + b ) + C
a
1
1
dx = tan ( ax + b ) + C
2
a
cos ( ax + b )
1
1
dx = cot ( ax + b ) + C
2
a
sin ( ax + b )

u du =

u +1
+ C ( 1)
+1

du

u = ln u + C ( u 0)
e du = e + C
u

au
+ C ( 0 < a 1)
ln a
cos udu = sin u + C

sin udu = cos u + C

1
cos u du = tan u + C
a u dx =

sin

du = cot u + C

I. I BIN S
TM TT GIO KHOA V PHNG PHP GII TON
1. i bin s dng 2
b

tnh tch phn

f[u(x)]u (x)dx ta thc hin cc bc sau:

/

Bc 1. t t = u(x) v tnh dt = u/(x)dx .

Bc 2. i cn: x = a t = u(a) = a,x = b t = u(b) = b .
b

Bc 3.

f[u(x)]u (x)dx = f(t)dt.

/

V d 7. Tnh tch phn I =

dx

x ln x .
e

Gii

dx
x
2
x = e t = 1,x = e t = 2
t t = ln x dt =
2

I=

V d 8. Tnh tch phn I =

p
4

dt
= ln t 12 = ln 2 .
t

Vy I = ln 2 .
cosx
dx .
cosx)3

(sin x +
0

Hng dn:
p
4

I=

cosx
dx =
cosx)3

(sin x +
0

S: I =

p
4

dx

(tan x + 1) .cos x . t t = tan x + 1

3

3
.
8
3

V d 9. Tnh tch phn I =

(1 +
1
2

dx
x) 2x + 3 .

Hng dn:
t t = 2x + 3
3
S: I = ln .
2
1

V d 10. Tnh tch phn I =

3- x
dx .
1+ x

Hng dn:
3

t t =
S: I =
Ch :

3- x
t2dt
; t t = tan u L
L 8 2
1+ x
(t + 1)2
1

p
3

3 + 2.
1

Phn tch I =

3- x
dx , ri t t =
1+ x

1 + x s tnh nhanh hn.

2. i bin s dng 1
b

Cho hm s f(x) lin tc trn on [a;b], tnh

f ( x)dx

ta thc hin cc bc sau:

Bc 1. t x = u(t) v tnh dx = u / (t )dt .

Bc 2. i cn: x = a t = , x = b t = .
b

Bc 3.

f ( x)dx = f [u(t )]u (t )dt = g (t )dt .

/

V d 1. Tnh tch phn I =

1
2

1
dx .
1 - x2

Gii
p p
t x = sin t,t - ; dx = costdt
2 2
1
p
x = 0 t = 0,x = t =
2
6
p
6

I=

cost
dt =
1 - sin2 t

p
6

cost
0 cost dt=
p
Vy I = .
6

V d 2. Tnh tch phn I =

4 - x2 dx .

p
6

dt = t 06 =
0

p
p
- 0= .
6
6

Hng dn:
t x = 2sin t
S: I = p .
1

V d 3. Tnh tch phn I =

dx
.
x2

1+
0

Gii
p p
- ;
dx = (tan2 x + 1)dt
t x = tan t,t

2 2

p
x = 0 t = 0,x = 1 t =
4
p
4

I=

tan t + 1
dt =
tan2 t
p
Vy I = .
4

1+
0

3- 1

V d 4. Tnh tch phn I =

p
4

dx
.
x + 2x + 2
2

Hng dn:
3- 1

I=

dx
=
2
x + 2x + 2

3- 1

dx

1 + (x + 1) .
2

t x + 1 = tan t
p
S: I =
.
12
2

V d 5. Tnh tch phn I =

p
S: I = .
2

3- 1

V d 6. Tnh tch phn I =

p
S: I =
.
12
3. Cc dng c bit
3.1. Dng lng gic

dx
.
4 - x2

dx
.
x + 2x + 2
2

V d 11 (bc sin l). Tnh tch phn I =

p
2

cos x sin
2

xdx .

Hng dn:
t t = cosx
2
S: I =
.
15
V d 12 (bc cosin l). Tnh tch phn I =

p
2

cos xdx .
5

Hng dn:
t t = sin x
8
S: I =
.
15
3

dt = 4 .

V d 13 (bc sin v cosin chn). Tnh tch phn I =

p
2

cos

x sin2 xdx .

Gii
p
2

I=

cos

p
2

x sin2 xdx =

p
2

p
2

p
2

1
1
1
cos2 x sin2 2xdx =
(1 - cos4x)dx + cos2x sin2 2xdx

4 0
16 0
4 0
p
2

2
x
1
sin3 2x
p
1
1
2

.
=
s
i
n
4x
+
=
(
1
cos4x)
dx
+
s
i
n
2xd(
s
i
n
2x)
=

16 64
24 0
32
16 0
8 0
p
Vy I =
.
32

V d 14. Tnh tch phn I =

p
2

cosx +
0

dx
.
sin x + 1

Hng dn:
x
t t = tan .
2
S: I = ln 2 .
Biu din cc hm s LG theo t = tan

3.2. Dng lin kt

V d 15. Tnh tch phn I =

a
:
2

sin a =

2t
1 +t

; cos a =

1 t 2
1 +t 2

; tan a =

2t
1 t 2

xdx

sin x + 1 .
0

Gii
t x = p - t dx = - dt
x = 0 t = p,x = p t = 0
0

(p - t)dt
I= -
=
sin(p - t)+ 1
p

( sin t + 1 0

t
dt
sin t + 1

dt
p
dt
= p
- I I=
sin t + 1
2 0 sin t + 1
0
p

p
=
2 0

dt

t
t2
sin + cos
2
2

t p
p
d
-

p
p

p
dt

t p
2 4
p
p
=

.
= tan -
4 0 cos2 t - p =
=p

2 0
t
p
2
2
4
0
2 4
cos2
-

2 4
Vy I= p .

Tng qut:

p
0 xf(sin x)dx = 2 0 f(sin x)dx .
V d 16. Tnh tch phn I =

p
2

sin2007 x
0 sin2007 x + cos2007 x dx .
Gii
p
t x = - t dx = - dt
2
4

x = 0 t=
sin2007

I= -

sin

2007

p
2

Mt khc I + J =

p
2

dx =

( p2 - t) + cos ( p2 - t)
2007

dx =
0

Tng qut:

( p2 - t)

p
p
,x = t = 0
2
2
p
2

cos2007 t
0 sin2007 t + cos2007 tdx = J (1).

p (2). T (1) v (2) suy ra I = p .

4
2

p
2

sinn x
0 sinn x + cosn x dx =
p
6

p
2

cosn x
p
0 sinn x + cosn x dx = 4 ,n Z+ .

sin x
0 sin x + 3 cosx dx v J =

V d 17. Tnh tch phn I =

p
6

cos2 x
0 sin x + 3 cosx dx .

Gii
I- 3J = 1 p
6

3 (1).

p
6

1
dx

2 0 sin x + p
3 cosx
0
3
p
1
t t = x + dt = dx I + J = ln 3 (2).
3
4
3
1- 3
1
1- 3
ln 3 +
,J =
ln 3 T (1) v (2)I =
.
16
4
16
4
1
ln(1 + x)
dx .
V d 18. Tnh tch phn I =
2
1
+
x
0
I+ J =

sin x +

dx

dx =

Gii
t x = tan t dx = (1 + tan2 t)dt
p
x = 0 t = 0,x = 1 t =
4
p
4

I=

p
4

ln(1 + tan t)
1 + tan2 t ( 1 + tan2 t) dt = ln(1 + tan t)dt.
0
0
p
t t = - u dt = - du
4
p
p
t = 0 u = ,t = u = 0
4
4
p
4

I=

ln(1 + tan t)dt = 0

du
l
n
1
+
t
an
u

p
4

p
4

ln 1 +
0

1 - tan u
du =

1 + tan u

p
4

p
4

ln 2du - ln ( 1 +
5

p
4

ln 1 +
0

tan u ) du =

du

tan u

p
ln 2 - I.
4

Vy I =
p
4

V d 19. Tnh tch phn I =

p
ln 2 .
8

cosx
dx .
x
+ 1

2007

p
4

Hng dn:
t x = - t
2
S: I =
.
2
Tng qut:

Vi a> 0 , a > 0 , hm s f(x) chn v lin tc trn on [ - a;a ] th

a
a
f(x)
dx = f(x)dx .
x

a
+
1
- a
0

V d 20. Cho hm s f(x) lin tc trn v tha f(- x)+ 2f(x) = cosx .
p
2

Tnh tch phn I =

f(x)dx .
-

p
2

t J =

Gii

f(- x)dx , x = - t
-

dx = - dt

p
2

p
p
p
p
t = ,x = t = 2
2
2
2

x=p
2

I=

p
2

f(- t)dt = J

p
2

3I = J + 2I =

p
2

[ f(- x)+ 2f(x)] dx

-

p
2

p
2

p
2

cosxdx = 2 cosxdx = 2 .
-

p
2

Vy I =

2
.
3

3.3. Cc kt qu cn nh
a

i/ Vi a> 0 , hm s f(x) l v lin tc trn on [a; a] th

f(x)dx = 0 .
- a

ii/ Vi a> 0 , hm s f(x) chn v lin tc trn on [a; a] th

f(x)dx = 2 f(x)dx .
- a

iii/ Cng thc Walliss (dng cho trc nghim)

(n - 1)!!
,ne
un le

n
n
n!
!
cos
xdx
=
s
i
n
xdx
=
.

(n - 1)!! p
0
0
. ,ne
un cha
n

n!! 2
p
2

Trong

p
2

n!! c l n walliss v c nh ngha da vo n l hay chn. Chng hn:

6

0!!= 1;1!!= 1;2!!= 2;3!!= 1.3;4!!= 2.4;5!!= 1.3.5;

6!!= 2.4.6;7!!= 1.3.5.7;8!!= 2.4.6.8;9!!= 1.3.5.7.9;10!!= 2.4.6.8.10 .
V d 21.

V d 22.

p
2

cos

11

xdx =

10!!
2.4.6.8.10
256 .
=
=
11!! 1.3.5.7.9.11 693

sin

10

xdx =

9!! p
1.3.5.7.9 p 63p .
. =
. =
10!! 2 2.4.6.8.10 2
512

0
p
2

II. TCH PHN TNG PHN

1. Cng thc
Cho hai hm s u(x),v(x) lin tc v c o hm trn on [a; b]. Ta c
/
/
/
/
( uv ) / = u v + uv ( uv ) / dx = u vdx + uv dx
b

d(uv) =

d ( uv ) = vdu + udv

uv

b
a

vdu +
a

vdu + udv udv = uv

a

b
a

udv
a
b

vdu .
a

Cng thc:
b

udv = uv

b
a

vdu (1).
a

Cng thc (1) cn c vit di dng:

b

f(x)g (x)dx = f(x)g(x)

/

b
a

f (x)g(x)dx (2).
/

2. Phng php gii ton

b

Gi s cn tnh tch phn

f(x)g(x)dx ta thc hin

a

Cch 1.
Bc 1. t u = f(x),dv = g(x)dx (hoc ngc li) sao cho d tm nguyn hm v(x) v vi
b
/

phn du = u (x)dx khng qu phc tp. Hn na, tch phn

vdu phi tnh c.

a

Bc 2. Thay vo cng thc (1) tnh kt qu.

c bit:
b

i/ Nu gp

P(x)sin axdx, P(x)cosaxdx, e

ax

a
b

ii/ Nu gp

.P(x)dx vi P(x) l a thc th t u = P(x).

P(x)ln xdx th t u = ln x .
a

Cch 2.
b

Vit li tch phn

f(x)g(x)dx = f(x)G
a

(x)dx v s dng trc tip cng thc (2).

V d 1. Tnh tch phn I =

xe dx .
x

Gii
7