.

(GDP)$

()

ASEAN

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( )
(
)

()

()

( )
. .

British East India

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.
. .

. .

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. .

(%)

( ) %

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.

,%

,%

,%

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Ujian

Pencapaian

Sekolah

Rendah

(UPSR)

Penilaian
Menengah

Rendah

(PMR)

Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM)

( )
Penang Free School
( )
( )

(The United Chinese School Committees' Association of Malaysia

UCSCAM)

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Unified Examination Certificate
(UEC) ( )
()

PMR SPM

(
)

Sijil

Tinggi

Persekolahan

Malaysia

(STPM)

(University of Malaya) (Universiti Sains Malaysia)

(Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia)

(Monash University Malaysia Campus)

(Curtin University of Technology Sarawak Campus)

(Swinburn

University

of

Technology
(University

Sarawak
of

Campus)

Nottingham

Malaysia

Campus)

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Australian International School, Malaysia

( ) The Alice Smith School ( ) Elc International School
( )

The

Garden

International

School

( )

Lodge

International School ( ) The International School of Kuala Lumpur

( ) The Japanese School of Kuala Lumpur
( )

The

International

School

of

Penang

) Lyce Franais de Kuala Lumpur ( )

(Telehealth)

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Yang

Di-Pertuan

Agong

13

13

Dewan Negara Dewan Rakyat

Malaya 1955
( :
Perikatan) 1973 Barisan Nasional

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2008

Barisan

Nasional

Malaya 1957 1973

Barisan

Nasional Barisan Nasional UMNO,

MCA MIC

UMNO

1998 Mahathir Mohamad bin

Anwar

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1999

2000

Anwar

1999 Barisan Nasional

UMNO
94 72

Barisan Alternatif
PAS

42 PAS Kelantan
Terengganu

2004 , Abdullah Ahmad

Badawi Barisan Nasional

92%

Barisan Nasional

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2007


Rukunegara "

Yang Di-Pertuan Agong

11

Anwar

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Yang Di-Pertuan Agong (YDPA)
Yang DiPertuan Agong

YDPA

32 YDPA
40

32, 38, 40)

(), reprieves
respites /remitting, commuting )12) 42

YDPA

Yang Di-Pertuan Agong

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, , Sabah, Sarawak,

13 3

Mahathir

Sabah
2004 Sarawak

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3 .
.

Dewan

Rakyat

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Syariah

Yang Di-Pertuan Agong (YDPA)

127

, ,
,

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Magistrates

1993

Yang Di-Pertuan Agong

Syariah

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.


Sharia

Sabah

Sarawak

, , , , ,

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27.299 5818
100.000

.
Dewan Undangan Negeri)

(Menteri Besar Ketua Menteri

2013

21

"

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)NEP) NDP

, , ,

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UMNO MCA MIC

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REFERENCE

Books

James Chin. Politics of Federal Intervention in Malaysia, with reference to Kelantan, Sarawak and Sabah,
Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics, Vol. 35, No 2 (July) 1997, pp 96120
Abdul Rashid Moten & Syed Serajul Islam. (2005). Introduction to Political Science. Singapore: Thomson
Publication.
Ahmad Ibrahim, Tan Sri Datuk Seri. (1992). The Malaysian Legal System. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa &
Pustaka.
ILBS. (2007). Federal Constitution of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: International Law Book Services.
Jeong Chun Hai, Ibrahim & Nor Fadzlina Nawi. (2007). Principles of Public Administration: An
Introduction. Kuala Lumpur: Karisma Publications.
Jeong Chun Hai, Ibrahim. (2007). Fundamental of Development Administration. Selangor: Scholar Press.
Wan Arfah Hamzah & Ramy Bulan. (2003). The Malaysian Legal System. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Fajar
Bakti.

Webs

www.km.wikipedia.org
www.en.wikipedia.org
www.pmov.gov.my
www.malaysia.gov.my
www.kln.gov.my

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