Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Analysis of Variance (Anova) : Wah Mong Weh Jabatan Matematik Ipg Ksah
Analysis of Variance (Anova) : Wah Mong Weh Jabatan Matematik Ipg Ksah
F=
A excessively large F test statistic is evidence against equal population means. Thus, the null will be rejected.
The variance is calculated in two different ways and the ratio of the two values is formed.
MS B F MSW
3
MSB, Mean Square Between, the variance between samples, measures the differences related to the treatment given to each sample. 2. MSW Mean Square Within, the variance within samples, measures the differences related to entries within the same sample. The variance within samples is due to sampling error.
4
Medicati on
Exercis e
Diet 5
9 12 8 4
10
12 9 15 13
Sample means sample sd sample var
6
8 3 0 2
The hypotheses H0: 1=2=3 H1: At least one mean is different from the others Find the critical value for F =0.05, df (2, 12) = 3.89
ns s
2 x 2 p
(i) Compute the variance of the sample means ie compute the variance of the three values: 11.8, 3.8, 7.6 with a calculator std dev = 4.00 var = 16 (ii) Compute the mean of the sample variances ie find the mean of the three values: 5.7, 10.2, 10.3 mean = 8.73 F = 5(16)/8.73 = 9.1638 = 9.16 (iii) Since 9.16 > 3.89, reject the null hypothesis There is enough evidence to support the claim that there is a difference among the means
8
Example 2
A PLUS employee wishes to see if there is a significant difference in the number of employees at the PLUS offices in three states. The data are shown. At =0.05, can it be concluded that there is a significant difference in the average number of employees at each state?
10
Find the critical value for F based on =0.05, df (2, 15) = 3.68
(i)Compute the variance of the sample means compute the variance of the three values: 15.5, 4.0, 5.8 with a calculator (ii)Compute the mean of the sample variances ie find the mean of the three values: 81.9, 25.6, 29.0
11
(iii) Since 5.05 > 3.68, reject the null hypothesis There is enough evidence to support the claim that there is a difference among the means
12
13
The hypotheses are H0: 1=2=3 H1: At least one mean is different from the others Find the critical value for F =0.05, df (2, 12) 3.89 (i) Compute the total sum of squares SST (ii) Compute the between sum of squares SSB
14
15
ANOVA Source of Variation SS Between Groups 160.13 Within Groups 104.80 Total 264.9333
df 2.00 12.00 14
MS 80.07 8.73
F 9.17
P-value 0.00
F crit 3.89
16
Q5AMei2012
Sebanyak 15 orang telah diagih secara rawak kepada 3 kumpulan untuk menjalani satu kajian dengan 3 jenis kaedah pengajaran Matematik yang berbeza. Pada penghujung semester, ujian diberi kepada 15 pelajar itu. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan markah yang diperolehi oleh pelajar-pelajar dalam ketiga-tiga kumpulan itu.
17
KAEDAH A
50 70 50 65 90
KAEDAH B 85 55 70 90 70
KAEDAH C 95 75 70 85 70
N1 = 5
T1 = 325
N2 = 5
T2 = 370
N3 = 5
T3 = 395
(a) Jalan ujian ANOVA pada aras keertian 0.01 dengan (1) nyatakan hipotesis nol dan hipotesis alternatif yang berkaitan.
18
19
Q5AMei2012
Bahagian pentadbiran akademik Universiti Putra (UPM) berminat untuk mengkaji pencapaian akademik bagi tiga program Ijazah Sarjana Muda (BS). Data bagi purata mata gred terkumpul (PMGK) daripada program BS Pertanian, BS Ekonomi dan BS Ekologi telah dipungut dan direkod seperti dalam jadual dibawah.
20
BS Pertanian
2.3 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5
BS Ekologi
2.5 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.6
BS Ekonomi
3.1 3.3 3.2 2.9 3.0
21
Varians (MS)
Gunakan = 0.05
( c) Apakah kesimpulan yang dapat dibuat oleh bahagian pentadbiran pada aras = 0.05 ?
22