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Warm Humid & Moderate Climate
Warm Humid & Moderate Climate
SUBMITTED BY ADITYA PANDE (16) DINESH NIMBALKAR (20) BISHAL GOSWAMI (2) GOURI SHANKAR AGARWAL (18) BISWA JYOTI LAHON (17) SAPNA BHURA (7)
Contents
Introduction
Shelter for warm-humid climates
Nature of climate
physiological objectives
form and planning External spaces Roofs and walls Air flow and openings Ventilation Traditional shelter
Examples
Nishas Play School, Goa
Examples
Residence for Mary Mathew , Bangalore
Indian subcontinent comprises of various climatic backdrops. Average temperature ranges from 27 to 35C. The various climatic zones in India are--Hot and Dry Warm and Humid Composite Moderate Cold and Sunny Cold and Cloudy Based on the various climatic zones the architecture of a place varies. The Traditional Architecture scenario of India has also evolved a lot due to the climatic factor. The Traditional buildings in the country has a lot to say in its form, ventilation and other things. From the various climatic regions we are going to have a detailed study of the Traditional Buildings of the warm-humid and moderate climate .
Nature of climate
Prominent features of this type of climate are the hot, sticky conditions and continual presence of dampness. Temp. ranges from 21 to 32 C in these regions. The average annual rainfall is 350mm. Humidity is high during all seasons. The average humidity is 70%. Vegetation is influenced by moisture in air with moderate heat and high rainfall. Wind are constant in direction but generally low with variable speed.
HUMIDITY DIAGRAM
VEGETATION
Physiological objectives
Because the air temperature is continually very near to skin temp. heat loss by convection or conduction is negligible. As there is high humidity so the air in the atmosphere is in a saturated state. The saturated air envelope can be can be removed by air movement. As there is cooling effect at night the wall and roof surface temperature tend to even out and settle at the same level as air temperature. Radiant heat gain from the sun and sky must be prevented.
TERRACOTTA ROOFING
With low rise buildings, where the walls would not get much radiation , orientation for wind is more advisable .
External spaces
Shading and free passage for air movement are the two basic requirements.
Trees and planting can be relied on for shading, as plans carry full foliage all year round .
Pergolas and light framing to be covered by climbing plants can be provided quite cheaply and they can be very effective .
Open spaces left under buildings elevated on stilts can also be put to use as shaded outdoor spaces. It is difficult to provide privacy as well as allowing for the passage of air , but various systems of paling fences and screen walls have been devised which do not permit direct view but allow the breeze to penetrate. Most of these consist of louvered timber boards or some overlapping arrangements of boards or planks .
1-to allow free movement of air through buildings and through spaces between buildings.
2-to provide privacy by distance ,as walls and screens cannot be use for this purpose ( they would prohibit air movement ) .
Ventilation
Without the exchange of air, both the temperature and the humidity of room air will increase above the outdoor values, due to the heat and moisture output of human bodies and of various human activities (e.g. washing and cooking). Thus in this climate there is a need for both a frequent change of air (ventilation) and for a sensible air movement across the body surface. Ventilation will also be necessary to the space between the roof and ceiling, and adequate openings must be provided for this purpose.
Traditional shelter
Two basic types of traditional shelters are found in warm-humid climates . Where timber is scarce, single storey, earth-walled houses are typical, with the roof framed in timber , bamboo or palm frond and covered with thatch. Broad overhanging eaves shade the walls. In regions more favoured with timber or where earth is unsuitable for building; the traditional shelter is often elevated on stilts and is constructed from local timber or a bamboo frame with open-weave matting, timber or split bamboo walls, floors, doors and shutters . Thatch or built up layers of leaves cover a bamboo or timber roof-frame , which usually has broad overhanging eaves.
The broad eaves shade the walls and openings, provide protection from driving rain and sky glare and permit the openings to be kept open most of the time.
The thatched roof is an excellent thermal insulator, although it may not be quite waterproof resulting in breeding ground for insects, and the entirely wood and vegetable matter structure gives food and easy passage to termites. Both types of shelter perform reasonably well in their traditional rural context but not in densely built up areas .
Project Details: Building / Project name : Residence for Mary Mathew Site address : 2 Temple Trees Row, Viveknagar Post, Bangalore 560 047 Building type : Residence-cum-office
Climate
Architects
: Moderate
: Nisha Mathew and Soumitro Ghosh
Design Features:
Natural lighting is extensively used in the north-east and north-west by hollowing out courtyards, which become permanent sources of light and ventilation. Roof insulation was provided by using a roof system of precast hollow terracotta curved panels with nominal GI reinforcement. A nominal layer of concrete of only 2-inch thick at the crown of panel was poured into place.
Project Details :
Name of the project : Nishas Play School
Address
Climate Design team
Design Features :
The building design and form evolved out of demand to maximize day lighting and induce natural ventilation. Use of locally available materials, waste materials, and materials with low embodied energy.
Project Details :
La Cuisine Solaire demonstrates that a solar concentrator can produce enough steam to cook for 1000 people a day. Architects : Suhasini Ayer Guigan and Anita Gaur
Consultant for the bowl : Chamanlal Gupta, Sri Aurobindo Ashram Contractor / Builder : Local labour trained and managed by the architect.
The store rooms and auxiliary areas have the normal Ferro cement channels.
Solar chimneys have been incorporated in the kitchen and dining hall to enhance natural ventilation.
Openings are cast in situ RCC using prefabricated Ferro cement elements as lost shuttering thus saving on finishing plaster.
Thermal insulation is in broken fired bricks mixed with lime treated with a fermented solution of jaggery and local nuts. Waterproofing is done with reject tiles in cement screed.
plan
External view
Interior spaces
Nature of climate
Mean Monthly Temp. (C) Mean Monthly R.H. (%)
Mod erate
25-30
<75
<5
<20
General features
This is a climate which is generally comfortable; neither too hot, nor too cold. The houses generally remain shaded and insulated from direct sun. Little breezes are developed during stuffy and warm conditions. Woolens are required during chilly winters for shorter duration. In this climate, the ideal comfortable house is built of heavy walls with high ceiling rooms, with windows that you can shut and open, surrounded by a shade giving verandah.
High ceilings reduce the effect of heat that would radiate down from the roof which would get hot under the sun.
This will also allow the warm air to rise and escape through ventilators, high up in the walls.