ti:

Tng quan v tng i Alcatel 1000 E10 v nghin cu h thng chuyn mch trong tng i

MC LC LI NI U ............................................................................ 5 PHN I TNG QUAN V TNG I ALCATEL1000 E10 CHNG I: GII THIU CHUNG V TNG I ALCATEL 1000 E10 (OCB - 283)............................................... 6 I.1. LCH S PHT TRIN ...................................................... 6 I.2. V TR V NG DNG CA TNG I E10 TRONG MNG VIN THNG. ............................................................... 7
I.2.1. V tr ca E10 trong mng thoi. ...................................................... 7 I.2.2. Mng ton cu. .................................................................................. 8 I.2.3. Cc thng s k thut. ...................................................................... 9 I.3. CC C TRNG C BN CA TNG I ALCATEL E10. .. 9 I.3.1. Cc lo i u n i thu bao. ................................................................ 9 I.3.2. Cc dch v cung cp cho thu bao tng t (Analog). .................. 10 I.3.3. Cc dch v cung cp cho thu bao s (Digital). .............................. 10 I.3.4. Cc lo i cuc g i. ............................................................................... 11 I.3.5. Lin kt u ni ng di............................................................... 12 I.3.6. H thng bo hiu. ............................................................................ 12 I.3.7. u ni vi operator. ........................................................................ 12 I.3.8. Chc nng v vn hnh v bo dng. ............................................ 12

CHNG II: CU TRC TNG QUAN TNG I A1000 E10 (OCB 283) ............................................................................. 13
II.1. CU TRC CHC NNG CA TNG I ALCATEL A1000 E10 .13 II.2. C U TRC TNG TH CA TNG I E10. ............................. 14 II.3. C U TRC PHN CNG TNG I ALCATEL A1000 E10..... 15 II.3.1. c tnh ca phn cng................................................................... 15

II.3.2. Cu trc cc trm phn cng. ........................................................ 16 II.3.3.Tr m iu khin chnh SMC. .......................................................... 18 II.3.3.1. V tr v chc nng ca SMC. ...................................................... 18 II.3.3.2. C u trc tng qut ca m t trm SMC....................................... 19 II.3.4. Trm iu khin cc thit b ph tr SMA. ................................... 22 II.3.4.1. V tr chc nng. ........................................................................... 22 II.3.4.2. C u to ca mt trm SMA. ........................................................ 23 II.3.4.3. D ng vt l ca trm SMA........................................................... 24 II.3.5. Trm iu khin trung k SMT. ..................................................... 27 II.3.5.1. Vai tr v v tr ca SMT. ............................................................ 27 II.3.5.2. C u trc ca mt trm SMT........................................................ 28 II.3.5.3. D ng vt l ca trm SMT. .......................................................... 30 II.3.6. Trm ng b thi gian c s STS. ................................................ 30 II.3.6.1. C u trc chc nng. ..................................................................... 30 II.3.6.2. Cc vng hot ng ca STS. ...................................................... 32 II.3.7. Ma trn chuyn mch MCX. .......................................................... 33 II.3.8. Mch vng thng tin........................................................................ 33 II.3.9. Trm a x l v n hnh v bo dng SMM ................................ 34 II.3.9.1. Vai tr v v tr ca SMM. ........................................................... 34 II.3.9.2. C u trc chc nng SMM. ........................................................... 34 II.4. PHN MM CA TNG I ALCATEL A1000 E10. ................. 37 II.4.1. Cc module phn mm. ................................................................... 38 II.4.2. Module iu khin trung k URM. ................................................. 39 II.4.3. Module to nhp v phn phi thi gian BT. ................................. 40 II.4.4. Module iu khin u ni ma trn chuyn mch GX. ................. 40 II.4.5. Module qun l thit b ph tr ETA............................................. 41 II.4.6. Module iu khin giao thc bo hiu s 7 (PUPE)....................... 41 II.4.7. B iu khin bo hiu s 7 (PC). ................................................... 41

II.4.8. Module x l gi MR. ...................................................................... 42 II.4.9. B qun tr c s d liu (B phin dch) TR. ............................... 42 II.4.10. Module tnh cc TX..................................................................... 43 II.4.11. Module phn phi b n tin. ............................................................ 44 II.4.12. Khi ghp knh thng tin (Communication Multiplex). ............. 44 II.4.13. Module vn hnh v bo dng OM. ........................................... 44

PHN II. NGHIN CU H THNG CHUYN MCH TRONG TNG I V PHN H CHUYN MCH CA TNG I ALCATEL 1000 E10 .............................................. 46
CHNG III: K THUT CHUYN MCH S ......................... 46
III.1. GII THIU CHUNG...................................................................... 46 III.1.1. Tng chuyn mch khng gian s ................................................. 46 III.1.1.1. B chuyn mch khng gian s iu khin theo u ra. ........... 47 III.1.1.2. B chuyn mch khng gian s iu khin theo u vo. ......... 51 III.1.2. B chuyn mch thi gian s. ........................................................ 53 III.1.3. Kh thng ca chuyn mch S. ..................................................... 58 III.2. TRNG CHUY N MCH S . .................................................... 58 III.2.1. Gii thiu chung. ............................................................................ 58 III.2.2. Cu trc trng chuyn mch s. ................................................. 60 III.2.3. Mng chuyn mch T-S-T. ............................................................ 62 III.3. IU KHIN CHUYN MCH S............................................... 65 III.3.1. S khi chc n ng. .................................................................... 65 III.3.2. Thut ton chn knh ri. ............................................................. 70 III.3.3. an ton v tin cy ca khi chuyn mch s. .......................... 72

CHNG IV: PHN H CHUYN MCH TRONG TNG I ALCATEL A1000E10. ........................................................ 74
IV.1. GII THIU CHUNG V TRNG CHUYN MCH. ............. 74

IV.2. CU TRC CA TRNG CHUYN MCH TRONG TNG I ALCATEL 1000E10 (OCB-283). ....................................................... 74 IV.2.1. H thng ma tr n chuyn m ch chnh CCX. ................................ 75 IV.2.1.1. Chc nng ca CCX.................................................................... 75 IV.2.1.2. T chc ca CCX. ....................................................................... 75 IV.2.2. Khuch i chn nhnh SAB......................................................... 76 IV.2.3. Ma trn chuyn mch MCX. ......................................................... 77 IV.2.4. Tr m iu khin chuyn mch SMX. ........................................... 79 IV.2.5. Giao tip lnh.................................................................................. 80 IV.2.6. Phn giao tip ng ma trn RCID. ........................................... 81 IV.2.7. Phn ma trn u n i..................................................................... 82 IV.2.8. B ng ma trn RCMT. .................................................................... 84 IV.2.9. Phng v u ni. ........................................................................... 87 IV.2.9.1. Thu t ton phng v u n i. ..................................................... 87 IV.2.9.2. Kim tra u ni.......................................................................... 87 KT LUN ................................................................................................. 88 TI LIU THAM KHO.......................................................................... 89

PHN I: TNG QUAN V TNG I ALCATEL1000 E10 CHNG I: GII THIU CHUNG V TNG I ALCATEL 1000 E10 (OCB - 283)
I.1. LCH S PHT TRIN. Alcatel 1000 E10 l tng i i n t s c pht trin b i cng ty k ngh vin thng CIT ca Php. Tng i E10A l t ng i ca th h u tin c sn xut v a vo p dng t u nm 1970, l t ng i in t u tin s dng k thu t phn knh theo thi gian.

 tng dung lng v pht trin k thut mi, cng ty cho ra i h th ng tng i E10B, iu ny thc s to nn h thng chuyn mch c kh nng thao tc cao hn v linh hot hn. Trong nhng n m gn y, ho nhp vi cuc i mi c a t nc, ngnh Vin thng Vit nam c rt nhiu c gng trong vic hi n i ho mng li vin thng. nhanh chng hin i ho m ng li vin thng v p ng nhu c u thng tin ngy cng cao ca khch hng, ngnh c ch ng tip nhn cng ngh vin thng t nhi u hng sn xut thit b truy n thng trn Th gii. Nm 1990, thit b chuyn mch s ALCATEL (OCB - 181) (ALCATEL A1000 E10 Version B kiu 1. H th ng x l A8100) c ng dng rng ri nhiu ni trn t nc ta. Thit b ny c nhi u tnh n ng hin i, ph hp vi yu c u pht trin hin nay v tng lai ca m ng Vi n thng Vit nam. T n nay, qua s cng c, nng cp v pht trin b ng vic p dng cc thnh tu c a cng ngh vi x l, tin hc cho ra i sn ph m ALCATEL E10 (OCB - 283). (ALCATEL A1000 E10 version B kiu 2. h thng x l A8300). H thng tng i ny c kh nng a dng, c th s dng cho chuy n mch c dung lng khc nhau. C kh n ng thch nghi vi cc vng dn c v mi lo i hnh kh hu khc nhau... I.2. V TR V NG DNG CA TNG I E10 TRONG MNG VIN THNG. I.2.1. V tr ca E10 trong mng thoi. Tng i ALCATEL E10 l h thng chuyn mch hon ton s ho, iu khin theo chng trnh lu tr SPC. Vi tnh nng a dng, ALCATEL E10 c th m ng chc nng ca mt tng i hon chnh, t tng i ni ht c dung lng nh n tng i qu giang hay ca ng quc t c dung lng ln.

H thng E10 c thi t k vi cu trc m nn c th pht tri n v m rng k thut, dung lng tng i m khng nh hng n nhng c u trc sn c ca n. Do , s tin ho v mt k thut cng ngh v chc n ng ngy cng phong ph trong tng i. i u c ngha l ALCATEL E10 c c kh nng tt chng lc hu. L S TR L S

TR

TR

TR

CID CTI

CIA

Hnh 1.1: V tr ca Alcatel 1000 E 10 trong mng thoi

S: B tp trung thu bao xa. CTI: Tng i chuyn tip quc t. TR: Tng i chuyn tip.

CIA: Tng i quc t gi vo. L: Tng i ni ht. CID: Tng i quc t gi ra.

ALCATEL E10 c th cung cp tt c cc dch v vin thng hi n ti v trong tng lai nh: in thoi hi ngh; m ng lin kt a dch v ; in thoi di ng; v t t c cc ng dng ca mng thng minh. H thng khai thc v bo dng c th l ni b hoc tp trung cho mt tng i hoc va l ni b va l tp trung t i mt thi i m. N thch nghi vi mi vng c m t dn c khc nhau v mi loi kh h u khc nhau, t vng cc l nh n vng cc nng. I.2.2. Mng ton cu.
Packet switching Transpace Alcanet

Minitel vidcotex value aded Newwork services

Free call Intelligent Network

A 1000 E 10
TMN Telecommunication Management Netwwork

Mobile Telephony

Video conference Broadband ATM

Hnh 1.2: V tr ca Alcatel 1000 E10 trong mng ton cu

S pht tri n ca tng i E10 l mt trong nhng yu t trng tm ca phng thc pht trin mng ton c u ca Alcatel. l mt mng vin thng c th p ng c tt c cc dch v vin thng hin t i v cc d ch v khc m khch hng yu cu trong tng lai. Hnh 1.2 m t v tr ca tng i E10 trong mng Vi n thng ton cu. N bao g m mng tho i v s tin trin c a n thnh m ng ISDN, cc m ng s liu...cc m ng v n hnh bo dng v cui cng l s pht trin thnh mng ISDN di rng s dng k thut truyn khng ng b. S pht trin ca E10 l mt trong nhng yu t trng tm ca phng thc pht trin mng ton cu i vi cc nhm ca Alcatel, vi s h tr bng k thut hin i, cng ngh tin tin, vi h thng a x l A8300 ca Alcatel, cng kinh nghim sn c v phn mm mm do a dng, cu trc m. I.2.3. Cc thng s k thut. Cc thng s k thut ca bt k mt tng i no u ph thuc rt ln vo mi trng c a n. Do vy, tng i AlCATEL 1000 E10 dung lng c a ra sau y cng d a trn mi trng tham kho trung bnh: - Dung lng u ni ca ma trn chuyn mch chnh n 2048 PCM, n cho php: + X l n 25000 erlangs. + C th u ni cc i n 200.000 thu bao. + u ni cc i 60.000 trung k. - Dung lng x l cc i ca h thng l: 280 CA/s (cuc th / giy), theo khuyn ngh Q543 ca ITU v ti knh B. Tc l 1.000.000 BHCA (cuc th / gi). Ngoi ra, h th ng cn s d ng k thut t iu chnh trnh s c khi qu ti, k thu t ny c phn b t i tng mc c a h thng da vo s o c s lng ca cc cuc gi c nhu cu v s lng cuc g i c x l. I.3. CC C TRNG C BN CA TNG I ALCATEL E10. I.3.1. Cc lo i u n i thu bao. H thng c th u n i ti cc thu bao:

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+ Thu bao l my in tho i t ng t c tc chn s (8 - 22 xung/giy) c ITU tiu chun ho. + Cc thu bao s c tc 144 Kb/s (vi knh 2B + D). + Tng i nhn cng hoc tng i t ng PBX. + in tho i cng cng. + Cc thu bao s 2 Mb/s (30B + D ) nh tng i PABX vi phng ti n a dch v (Multisever). I.3.2. Cc dch v cung cp cho thu bao tng t (Analog). + ng chuyn xung o cc ngun. + Gp nhm cc ng dy. + ng dy nng. + ng dy c bit ch gi ra hay gi vo. + ng dy tnh cc. + Dch v bt gi. + Quay li con s thu bao tng t. + Dch v vng mt (Ghi m li cuc gi). + Dch v thoi 3 hng. + Quay s tt. + Chuyn tm thi cc con s thu bao vng mt. + Dch v nh thc. + Dch v hn ch gi ra, thng xuyn hay do iu khin. I.3.3. Cc dch v cung cp cho thu bao s (Digital). Cc thu bao s c th s d ng m i d ch v nh thu bao tng t, ngoi ra n cn c thm mt vi dch v c bit khc nh: - Dch v t xa: + Videotex m ho theo kiu ch ci. + in tho i hi ngh. + Fax nhm 2, nhm 3 hoc nhm 4.

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+ Teletex vi MODEM trn knh B hoc giao tip chu n X.25 ph i hp knh B (Knh tc 64 Kb/s). + Audio Video Tex 64 Kb/s. - Dch v m ng: + Chuyn mch knh gia cc thu bao s. + Chuyn mch knh trong di t n (300 3400 Hz). Ngoi ra cn c mt s dch v ph tr khc nh: + Mng t hp trong khi gi. + 1 n 4 vng a d. + Quay s vo trc tip. + Chuyn tm thi. + Lit k cc cuc gi khng tr li. + Tng gi thnh cuc gi. + Hin th cc con s ch gi. + Du cc con s ch gi. + Bo hiu t ngi ny n ngi kia (Tn bn gi, kho xm nhp, mt khu...). + Qun tr dch v khung. I.3.4. Cc lo i cuc g i. Tng i E10 x l cc cuc gi i n thoi vo/ra m ng chuy n mch quc gia, quc t. N cn truyn s liu gia cc thu bao ISDN m n qu n l cng nh truyn s liu vo/ra m ng chuyn mch gi. Cc cuc gi bao g m: + Cuc g i ni ht: T nhn - Cng cng. + Cuc g i ra, vo qu giang ni ht. + Cuc g i vo, ra qu giang trong nc. + Cc cuc gi vo, ra quc t. + Cc cuc gi vo ra ca tng i nhn cng.

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+ Cc cuc gi n cc dch v c bit. + Cc cuc o ki m. I.3.5. Lin kt u ni ng di. Tng i E10 l tng i ni ht, qu giang ni ht, hay va l n i ht va qu giang u c th c kt n i n cc tng i khc trong mng. - u ni b ng ng PCM s cp (2 Mb/s, 30 knh theo tiu chun ITU G.732) hay b ng cc ng ghp knh cp cao hn. - Kt ni b ng ng trung k Analog. I.3.6. H thng bo hiu. H thng bo hiu gia cc tng i c th s dng h thng bo hiu sau: - Bo hiu kt hp: + M a tn R2. + M thp phn Strowger. - Bo hiu knh chung CCS7. I.3.7. u ni vi operator. Tng i E10 - c s dng h thng u ni vi ngi iu hnh l SYSOPE, l: - Mt Module mm do, c th s dng qun l t vi h thng ni ht n vi trm h thng ni ht, xa trong mt vng hoc nhiu vng khc nhau. - Hot ng vi tin cy cao, ph n m m c cu trc phn cp, c th thay i d dng ti bt k thi i m no v cp n nhiu chc n ng: Ho n thanh ton, o lu lng ti... I.3.8. Chc nng v vn hnh v bo dng. Qun tr gim st cc s c v m i hot ng ca tng i mt cch t ng, t ng ki m ng thu bao, trung k, hi n th cnh bo, xc nh v tr li, vn hnh thit b u cui thng minh... Qun tr cc: Tnh cc ti ch, tp trung lp ho n chi tit.

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Qun tr an ton dng m kho cho cc trm v n hnh v cho ngi iu hnh trnh xm nhp khng cho php.

CHNG II: CU TRC TNG QUAN TNG I A1000 E10 (OCB 283)
II.1. C U TRC CHC NNG CA TNG I ALCATEL A1000 E10 Cu trc chc nng ca E10 c trnh by trn hnh 2.1.
CCITT N07 Signalling Network

NT
Subscriber Access Subsystem Connection And Control

Telephone Network

Operation and Maintanance

Data Network Value added Network

PABX

OCB-283

Operation and Maintanance Netword

Hnh 2.1: Cu trc chc nng ca Alcatel1000 E10 Trong : - NT: Kt cu i s. - PABX: Tng i t ng c quan . - Phn h xm nhp thu bao (Subscriber Access Subsystem): u ni thu bao tng t v thu bao s.

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- Phn h u ni v iu khi n (Connection and Control): u n i v x l cuc gi. - Phn h v n hnh v bo dng (Operation and Maintainance): H tr mi chc nng cn thi t cho i u hnh v bo dng . - Telephone Network: Mng in thoi. - Data Network: Mng s liu. - Value added Network: Mng dch v h tr. - Operation and Maintanance Network: M ng vn hnh v bo dng. II.2. C U TRC TNG TH CA TNG I E10. c thit k vi c u hnh m, tng i E10 c chia lm 3 phn h chnh c chc nng c lp v c lin kt vi nhau bi cc giao tip chu n. - Phn h truy nhp thu bao. - Phn h v n hnh bo dng. - Phn h i u khin u ni. Trong , phn h iu khin v phn h v n hnh bo dng n m trong OCB - 283. Lin lc gia phn h truy nhp thu bao, phn h u n i v i u khi n s dng h thng bo hiu s 7. Cc phn h c u ni v i nhau bi cc ng ma tr n LR hay cc ng PCM. Mi mt phn h u c phn mm ring ph hp vi chc nng m n m nhim Phn mm h thng c chia thnh cc Module ph n m m (ML) h tr cho cc tr m i u khin v phc v cho cc ng d ng thoi: Ta c cc Module phn m m nh: + Phn mm x l gi: MR. + Phn mm tnh c c: TX. + Phn mm qu n tr c s d li u: TR. + Phn mm iu khi n trung k: URM. + Phn mm iu khi n ma trn chuyn mch: COM.

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Cc Module phn m m (ML) trao i vi nhau thng qua cc mch vng trao i thng tin. V mt phn c ng OCB 283 bao gm cc trm a x l (SM) v h th ng ma tr n chuyn mch. Cc tr m c u ni vi nhau bi mt hay nhiu mch vng thng tin (MIS hoc MAS). Trong OCB 283 c 6 trm trong c 5 trm iu khi n: + Trm i u khin chnh: SMC; + Trm i u khin thit b ph tr : SMA; + Trm i u khin trung k : SMT; + Trm i u khin ma trn chuy n mch: SMX; + Trm v n hnh v bo dng: SMM; + Tr m ng b v c s thi gian STS - khng ph i l tr m i u khin. * Cc giao din chu n c a phn h : - Phn h iu khi n v u ni c ni vi phn h vn hnh v bo dng thng qua mch vng thng tin MIS v MAS.. - Trm iu khin gm m t hay nhiu b x l, mt hay nhiu b nh thng minh (B iu khin giao tip) c u ni vi nhau thng qua BUS v trao i d liu thng qua b nh chung. Cc phn h c u ni vi nhau bi cc ng ma trn LR hoc PCM. II.3. C U TRC PHN CNG TNG I ALCATEL A1000 E10. II.3.1. c tnh ca phn cng. Cu trc phn chia: Cc chc n ng c phn chia trn cc n v phn cng v c ni ghp vi nhau b ng cc mch vng thng tin. Cu trc m: Ph n cng c ng nh phn mm ch y trn n phi d dng c m rng v dung lng v cc chc nng yu cu ca khch hng. Cu trc c lp: c lp vi ph n m m d dng p dng cc cng ngh phn cng.

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subscriber access subsystem csnl csnd csed

connection and control subsystem

lr lr
smt

host switching matrix sts

pcm lr
sma smx

Curcuits and Recorded Announcement Machines

pcm

1 ti 4 MAS

smc

mis

smm

rem

alrms Trm gim st chung

operation and maintenance subsystem

Hnh 2.2: Cu trc phn cng ca t ng i ACATEL1000 E10 II.3.2. Cu trc cc trm phn cng. Cu trc trm iu khin phn c ng c trnh by hnh v 2.2. N bao gm cc thnh phn sau: + CSNL: n v tp trung thu bao gn. + CSND: n v tp trung thu bao xa. + CSED: Tr m tp trung thu bao xa.

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+ LR: ng ni ma trn. + MAS: B dn knh thn nhp tr m iu khin chnh. + MIS: B ghp knh lin trm. + SMA: Trm iu khi n cc thit b ph tr. + SMT: Trm i u khin trung k. + SMX: Trm iu khi n chuy n mch. + SMC: Trm iu khi n chnh. + SMM: Tr m v n hnh v bo dng. + STS: Tr m ng b v c s thi gian. Tt c cc trm to nn OCB 283 c da trn mt c u trc chung. Tr m i u khi n SM c xy dng trn c s b vi x l 32 bt. Ph ng ti n truyn d n hay cn g i l cc mch vng thng tin s k t ni cc tr m ny l i v i nhau. Cc trm SMT, SMA v CSNL c n i vi SMX b ng cc ng LR, l cc ng c c u trc 32 khe thi gian (1TS c 16 bt) trong 1 khung 125ms (4096 Kbt/s). Phn cng c chia lm cc trm a x l (SM): SMT, SMA, SMX, SMC, SMM.
Local BUS 32 bt

Giao din

Giao din
local memory commom memory

B NI

hoc
B NH

B vi x l

Private Memory

hoc
B VI X L

BSM Giao din

BSM Giao din

BSM Giao din

bus (bsm)

Hnh 2.3: Cu trc mt trm a x l

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Mi mt trm a x l c th hin trn hnh 2.3 bao g m cc thnh phn sau: + Mt tr m bus chnh BSM (Multiprocessor Station Bus). + Mt hoc nhiu b vi x l: C mt b vi x l chnh (PUP) v ti a c 4 b vi x l th cp (PUS) (B x l ph). + Mt b nh chung MC (Memory Common) trao i d li u v dng chung cho tt c cc n v x l c a tr m. + Cc b phi hp khc nhau (Coupler): cc b phi hp dn knh chnh (CMP) v th cp (CMS), cc b kt ni thng minh. Cc n v ny c ni vi nhau bng BUS v trao i d li u qua b nh chung. II.3.3.Tr m iu khin chnh SMC. II.3.3.1. V tr v chc nng ca SMC. - V tr: Trm SMC c u ni vi cc mi trng thng tin sau: + Mch vng thng tin MAS trao i thng tin gia SMC vi SMA, SMT, SMX. + B ghp knh lin trm MIS trao i thng tin gia SMC v SMM. + Mch vng cnh bo MAL truy n cc cnh bo ngun t tr m SMC n trm SMM. - Chc nng c a SMC. Trm iu khi n chnh SMC thc hin cc chc n ng sau: + X l cuc gi: MR. + Phin dch s liu c bn (C s d liu): TR. + Thng tin tnh cc: TX.

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+ Phn b b n tin: MQ. + Qun l u ni, qun l h thng ma trn chuyn mch: GX. + Qun tr cc dch v, p dng i m phc v bo hiu SSP. + Qun l mng bo hiu: PC. Tu thuc vo c u hnh v lu l ng x l cc cuc g i m c th c m t hay vi tr m SMC. Cc tr m SMC hon ton gi ng nhau nhng c khi l i m nh n cc chc n ng hon ton khc nhau tu thu c vo ph n m m ci t trong n. II.3.3.2. C u trc tng qut ca m t trm SMC.
basic equipment N N V X L CHNH (PUP) N V X L S CP (PUP)

BSM
q B NH CHUNG (MC) B PHI HP GHP KNH TH CP (CMP) p

B PHI HP DN KNH CHNH (CMP)

interstation multiplex (mis)

staton access multiplex (mas)

Hnh 2.4: Cu trc tng qut ca mt trm SMC - Cu to chnh ca mt SMC. Trm i u khin ny c xy dng trn phng thc p dng h th ng Alcatel 8300. T hnh v 2.4 ta th y h thng ny bao g m: * Mt thit b c s gm:

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+ Mt b x l chnh (PUP) v cc b nh ring ca n. + Mt b phi hp ghp knh chnh (CMP) ghp ni v i MIS. * Mt b nh chung MC. * Mt hay nhiu b x l th cp (PUS): 0 4. * Mt hay nhi u b phi hp d n knh th cp CMS (Ghp ni vi MAS): 0 4 b. * Mt trm BUS 16 bt. Vic xc nh s lng PUS v CMS cng nh dung l ng b nh chung cho mi t ng i da trn c s c u hnh, cc ch tiu v k thut, cht lng phc v. Trm iu khin chnh SMC c t chc xung quanh mt BUS tiu chu n BSM l bus chun 16 bt (BSM cn gi l bus gia cc trm a x l). - 01 bng ACAJA kt hp vi b ng mch in ACAJB lm nhi m v trao i thng tin gia MIS v BSM. - T 1 n 4 b ng mch in ACAJA kt hp vi 1 n 4 bng mch in ACAJB thc hi n qun tr trao i gia MAS v BSM. - T 1 n 3 b ng mch in ACMCQ (Hin nay thay bng ACMCS) thc hi n chc nng ca b nh chung. - 01 bng mch in ACUTR thc hin chc nng x l chnh (PUP). - 04 bng mch in ACUTR thc hin chc nng x l ph (PUS). Ring b ng mch in ACALA khng c u ni vi bus BSM m n i vi mch vng c nh bo MAL. N m bo chc n ng thu thp cnh bo ngun v truyn cc cnh bo ny n mch vng cnh bo MAL. a. B ng m ch in ACUTR: Bng x l. Trong h thng OCB 283 board ny c t chc xung quanh b vi x l 68020 hoc 68030. N g m 1 n v x l cho cc trm a x l c g i l n v x l chnh PUP hoc n v x l ph PUS. - V tr:

22

N c u n i vi bus BSM v v i c bus ni ht nu n l PUP. Mt trm SMC c th g m mt hoc nhiu b ng ACUTR. Cc b ng mch ny u c u ni n BSM, vic u ni ny cho php ACUTR truyn s li u n b ng ph ACCS (32 bt) hoc 16 bt. ACUTR u n i vi bus BSM theo ki u 16 bt (S d ng a ch di ca 16 Mbyte) hoc theo kiu 32 bt (S dng a ch trn ca 16 Mbyte). Ch 32 bt cho php 68020 hot ng vi ton b dung lng (32 bt a ch 32 bt s liu). Ki u ny c s dng mt cch t ng khi 68020 gi a ch vt qu 16 Mbyte. - T chc ca bng: Bng ny c t chc xung quanh b x l 32 bt. + B x l 68020 hot ng ti tn s 15,6 MHz ng vi bng mch in ACUTR3. + B x l 68020 hot ng ti tn s 40 MHz ng vi bng mch in ACUTR4. B vi x l c th thm nhp vo: + 01 EPROM (128Kbyte). + 01 DRAM (4 Mbyte cho ACUTR3 v 16 Mbyte cho ACUTR4). + Cc thanh ghi ICMAT, ICLOG... + 01 giao tip bus cc b. + 01 giao tip BSM. + 01 vng kt n i c t chc bn trong cc giao tip BSM. b. B ng m ch in ACMCS: Bng nh chung 16 Mb. L bng nh chung 16 Mb ca cc trm iu khi n ca OCB 282. c bo v b ng m t sa sai, c th thm nhp qua BSM v BL. - V tr: + Bng ny c giao tip vi bus BSM vi vic xm nhp c u tin. Bus s liu l bus 16 bt dnh cho cc a ch nh hn 16 Mb cn lo i 32 bt

23

dnh cho cc a ch nm trong khong 16 Mb ti 4 Mb. hot ng c bng mch in ny cn ph i ni ti b ng x l chnh qua BSM. + Bng ny giao tip v i bus BL nh l bus ch truy nhp nhanh. Bus s li u l mt bus 32 bt nhng n ch c kh nng xm nhp n bus a ch < 16 Mb. Bng mch in ny khng nht thit i hi mt tuyn kt ni v i bng ch thng qua BL... - T chc: + 01 vng a ch c bit ch xm nhp qua BSM c gi l Link Pack area n gm: * Cc l nh v cc thanh ghi trng thi. * Cc b lc phin dch a ch. + Cc giao tip vi bus BSM v BL. + 32 khi nh, mi khi 128 Kb (4Mb ), c th truy nhp thng qua BSM v BL. + iu khi n truy nhp tng ph n v thut ton logic. c. Cc bn m ch in ACAJA v ACAJB: Bng kt n i. Bng kt ni (Coupler) c t chc xung quanh mt b vi x l 68020 cho php u n i n mt trm m trong trm bao g m mt bus BSM v cc b dn knh kiu Token - ring. N c ci t ph n mm ph hp vi chc nng u ni vi MIS hoc MAS tu thuc vo v tr m n u ni vi MIS hay MAS. Coupler c th phc v cho nhi m v khi to, np chng trnh cho tr m. Nh vy n s c gi l coupler chnh CMP. N u khng s l coupler ph CMS. - V tr: Coupler token ring c ni n bus BSM, hai lin kt mch vng. - T chc ca coupler: To nn bi 2 bn mch in ACAJA v ACAJB. . Trong , ACAJA c gi l bng ch, n c xy dng xung quanh b x l 32 bt 68020 hot ng tn s 15,6 MHz.

24

Hai bng ACAJA v ACAJB c u ni vi nhau bng mt bus ring bit. Ngun cung cp cho 2 bng ny c ng khc nhau. Bng ACAJB cn cho php c c a ch vt l ca trm a x l. II.3.4. Trm iu khin cc thit b ph tr SMA. II.3.4.1. V tr chc nng. - V tr. Trm iu khin thit b ph tr SMA l n v u ni UR n c kt ni vi: + Mng u n i MCX b ng 8 ng ma trn LR truy n bo hiu c to ra hoc phn tch bo hiu nhn c. + MAS thc hin trao i thng tin gia SMA v cc phn t i u khin ca OCB 283. + Mch vng c nh bo MAL. - Chc nng. Trm a x l iu khin thit b ph tr SMA thc hin cc chc nng sau: - ETA: Thc hin cc chc nng qun tr thit b ph tr, qun tr Tone. - PUPE: iu khin giao thc bo hi u s 7, x l giao thc bo hi u s 7 ca ITU. SMA cung cp cc tn hiu ph, thit lp cc cuc m thoi h i ngh, thu pht bo hiu s 7, cp Tone cho thu bao. Thc ch t l m nhim 2 chc nng ETA v PUPE nh ni trn. Tu vo cu hnh v lu lng x l m 1 SMA c th ci t ETA hoc PUPE hoc ci t c hai. Mt SMA bao g m cc thit b ph tr ca OCB 283 l: + Cc b thu pht t n s. + Cc mch hi ngh. + Cc b to Tone. + Qun tr ng h.

25

+ B thu pht bo hiu s 7. II.3.4.2. C u to ca mt trm SMA. Hnh v 2.5 th hin c u trc chung c a trm SMA Trong : BSM: Bus gia cc trm a x l. MCX: Ma trn chuyn mch chnh. SAB: Tr m i u khin thit b ph tr. - 01 giao di n vi ma tr n chuy n mch MCX. - 01 b phi hp ghp knh chnh CMP vi MAS. - 01 b nh chung MC. - 01 n v x l chnh PUP. - 01 n v x l ph PUS. - t 01 12 coupler cho: + X l tn hi u ting (CTSV). + B phi hp tn hiu a thc (CSMP). + Qun l thi gian. + Thng tin trao i gia cc thit b SAB v cc thit b khc ca SMA c truyn trn cc tuyn ni bn trong SMA gi l LA (Access Link).
basic equipment
Ti MCX

LA: Tuy n truy nhp. LR: Tuy n ma trn.

GIAO DIN MCX (CAB)

LA

N V X L CHNH (PUP)

N V X L TH CP (PUS)

B PHI HP X L TN HIU THOI (CTSV)

BSM B GHP KNH CHNH (CMP)

B NH CHUNG (MC)

B GHP KNH TH CP (CMS)

B PHI HP NG H

LA station access multiplex (mas)

LA

Hnh 2.5: S cu trc chung tr m SMA

26

II.3.4.3. D ng vt l ca trm SMA. Trm SMA c xy dng xung quanh h thng a x l A8300, cc bng mch in khc nhau c t chc xung quanh mt Bus tiu chun 16 bt. Bus ny c s dng lm phng ti n truy n d n thng tin. Trn thc t c 16 bng mch in c th u ni vi BSM - 01 cp b ng ACAJA v ACAJB thc hin chc n ng trao i, qu n l thng tin qua MAS. - 01 bng ACMCQ hoc ACMCS: H tr cho b nh tr m. - 01 bng ACUTR: Thc hin chc nng b x l chnh PUP. - 01 bng ACUTR: Thc hin chc nng b x l ph PUS. * Cn 12 bng khc dnh ring cho cc hot ng c bit ca trm SMA. - 1 9 bng ICTSH: Phi hp x l tn hi u thoi. - 1 2 bng ACHIL: X l giao thc bo hi u s 7. - 01 bng ICHOR: Phi hp ng h. Ngoi ra cn mt s bng c a vo tr m nhng khng c u ni ti BSM. - 01 cp bng ICID: m bo lin kt gia cc nhnh ca ma trn vi SMA. - 01 bng ACALA: Thc hi n vic thu thp v pht cc cnh bo xut hin trong SMA n mch vng c nh bo MAL. a. B ng m ch in ICTSH. - Chc nng thng tin ng thi gia cc thu bao. Cho php t i a 4 thu bao c th thng tin ng thi, ngoi ra n cn c th cho php: + Thm vo mt cuc tho i hi ngh vi tnh nng nghe ln. + Thm d ch v ch gi. + Thit lp cuc gi qua in thoi vin. Trong cng mt thi gian trn 1 b ng ICTSH c th thit lp c 8 mch tho i hi ngh (M i hi ngh l 4 thu bao).

27

- Chc nng pht Tone (GT). + To ra cc tn s m thanh. Cc tn hiu ny l chui ca 1,2,3 hay 4 tn s v cc i c th l t hp c a 8 tn s. + Mt bng ICTSH pht ra 32 tn hi u m thanh. Cc tn hi u tn s v m thanh c pht v truyn ti thi im khi to trm SMA, n t n ti trong mt kho ng thi gian nht nh ph thuc vo cc pha hot ng. - Chc nng thu v pht tn s (RGF). Chc nng ny cho php gim st cc bn tin thng bo c ghi sn, hot ng nh mt b phn nhn bit tn hiu ting ni. Chc nng ny iu khin, gim st iu ch c x l nh mt m ring ca RGF. Phn mm ny c np khi khi to trm v n xc nh chc nng m bng mch in ny s thc hin. b. B ng m ch in ACHIL. Thc hi n chc nng x l mc 2 cho 16 knh bo hi u kiu HDLC. - ngha c a HDLC. + Khi pht: Gi c, tnh ton m chu k thng d CRC, chn 0. + Khi thu: B 0, kim tra CRC, nhn c. Thc hi n chc nng bo hi u s 7 ngha l: + Khi pht: T ng gi cc khung in y (FISU), pht l i cc khung tr ng thi (LSSU) theo l nh. + Khi thu: Phn tch, t ng nhn bi t, loi b cc khung in y khng mang tin hu ch. c. Bng m ch in ICHOR. Chc nng ca b ng mch in ICHOR l to ng h cho tng i hot ng v gi chnh xc, n nh ng h chnh xc cho OCB 283. Tn hiu thi gian c phn phi kp trong mng chuyn mch. Tn hiu th i gian c ng phi c bo v chng li s tri pha khi phi iu chnh li th i

28

gian v ph i c bo v chng li vic mt tn hiu thi gian khi phn cng ca ng h hot ng khng bnh thng. d. Chc nng ca Coupler ACAJA v ACAJB. Coupler ny to kh nng u ni t SMA n MAS v thc hi n trao i thng tin 2 chiu vi cc n v lnh. Cc thng tin c trao i gia SMA v MAS g m: - Bo hiu knh ring (CAS) t cc bng ICTSH. Nhn bi t cc tn hiu tn s m thanh. - Cc bn tin (vo/ra) t cc ng dng c thc hin bi cc b vi x l ca SMA (Cc bn tin nh v, bn tin bo hiu s 7...). e. Bng m ch in ICID. L bng giao ti p vi cc ng m ng LR. N c chc nng sau: - Nhn 8 ng LR v 1 thi gian c s lin quan n n v u ni UR (SMA-SMT). - Xen k thi gian c lin quan b ng 8 ng LR nh n c t pha cn l i ca SMX. - ng b cc ng LR n t SMX vi cc ng LR xen thm. - To ra cc tn hi u thch ng v i km vi LA. - X l cc ng truy nhp vo (LAE) v to ra cc ng truy nhp ra (LRE). f. Bng mch in ACALA. Bng ny thc hin chc nng thu thp cnh bo. T cp ngun, c nh bo do cc b cung cp ngu n trong SMA sinh ra. II.3.5. trm iu khin trung k SMT. II.3.5.1. Vai tr v v tr ca SMT. - Chc nng. SMT thc hi n chc nng giao tip gia PCM v trung tm chuy n mch. Cc PCM ny ti t: + Trung tm chuyn mch khc.

29

+ B tp trung thu bao xa CSED. + n v truy nhp thu bao s t xa CSND. + Thit b thng bo s ghi sn. Trm iu khin trung k SMT bao gm cc b iu khin PCM hay cn gi l cc n v u ni ghp knh URM chng c cc chc nng chnh nh sau: * Theo hng t PCM ti trung tm chuyn mch: + Chuyn i m HDB3 sang m nh phn. + Chit bo hi u knh ring. + Qun tr cc knh bo hiu knh ring trong khe 16. + u ni cho cc knh gia PCM v LR. * Theo hng t trung tm chuyn mch ti PCM. + Chuyn i t m nh phn sang m HDB3. + Chn cc bo hiu knh ring. + Qun tr cc knh bo hiu knh ring trong khe 16. + u ni cho cc knh gia PCM v LR. - V tr: Trm iu khin trung k c u ni v i: + Cc n v bn ngoi nh: CSND, CSED... cc trung k t tng i khc bng cc ng PCM (C ti a 32 ng PCM c s dng). + Ma tr n u ni bng cc i 32 ng LR, to thnh 4 nhm GLR mang ni dung ca CCS7 hay knh tho i. + MAS trao i thng tin gia SMT v cc trm iu khi n. + Mch vng cnh bo MAL thu th p cc cnh bo ngun a v SMM x l. II.3.5.2. C u trc ca mt trm SMT.
logic b

Thit b c s
LOGIC IU KHIN

logic a

32
MODULES

GIAO DIN PCM BN NGOI

30
PCM LINK

Hnh 2.6 trn m t cu trc c a mt tr m SMT. Mi SMT qun l 32 ng PCM, cc ng ny c chia lm 8 nhm, mi nhm gm 4 PCM do 1 n v i u khi n URM hoc URS qu n l. Tt c 8 Modul ny c qun l b i mt phn m m i u khin n v u ni iu khin v qu n tr gi l LOGUR. cho vic s d ng c tt th LOGUR v ph n nh n bit u c cu to kp. Ch c phn u cui kt n i PCM v bng chn la hot ng l khng c cu to kp. T chc ca 1 Module: 1 module qun l 4 PCM ca 32 knh, n gm 2 phn: - 01 u kt cu i ni PCM gm c 4 b chuy n m ICTRI. Mi b ng cho 1 PCM. Thc hin chc nng: + Khi thu: Chuyn HDB3 thnh m nh phn v khi phc ng h t ng truyn. + Khi pht: Chuy n m nh phn thnh m HDB3 t ng truyn v thu hi ng h ni ht.

31

- 01 Logic nh n bit c cu trc kp gi l LAC0 v LAC1 vi chc nng chnh l: + ng b ng h ti to t ng truyn vi ng h ni ht ca tng i. + Nhn bit cnh bo. + X l CRC4 nhn c. + u n i cc knh ting v cc knh s li u. + Tnh ton v chn CRC4. Mi Module LAC do 1 LOGUR i u khin. Modul LAC0 do LOGUR0 qun l, LAC1 do LOGUR1 qun l. Mi LAC do 1 bng ICMOD thc hin. * T chc ca LOGUR. Mt na h thng c kh nng x l, qun l ton b lu lng c a c 32 PCM la chn Logic hot ng bi 1 modul khng ghp cp a ra. S la chn mt hot ng do b ng gim st SMT thc hin gm: + Cc yu cu c chu k cho chuy n i. + Cc yu cu chuyn i khi c s hng hc ca logic ch. + Yu cu chuy n i bng nhn cng. + Yu cu chuy n i theo lnh ng i-my. Mt LOGUR qu n l 8 logic nh n bit (8 LAC) c lin quan n n. N qun l thng tin 2 chiu vi LOGUR khc v cc ph n t bn ngoi. Cc chc nng ny do 3 b x l phn chia nhau thc hin. + Hai b x l ph A v B thc hi n chc n ng chuyn mch v qun l cnh bo t cc logic c lin quan c ni vi chng (B ng m ch ICPRO - A v ICPRO - B). + Mt b x l chnh: Chc nng qun tr trao i, gim st v i u khin cc cng vic do b x l ph thc hin. Mt b nh trao i thc hin thng tin qua li gia b x l chnh v cc b x l ph, v trao i thng tin vi cc logic khc (Bng m ch ICMEC).

32

Cc b nh chung cho cc b x l ph g m cc b ng bi n i m c s dng cho bo hiu knh ring (CAS) (Bng ICCTM). S trao i vi cc tr m i u khi n c thc hin thng qua coupler u ni vi mch vng MAS (Bng ACAJA v ACAJB). Bng ICDIM s thc hin giao tip gia MAS v ICPRP v gia coupler vi cc modul thu pht bo hiu. II.3.5.3. D ng vt l ca trm SMT. - 02 ngn cn thit cho v tr bn ngoi c a mt trm SMT, c 12 kiu bng mch in trong SMT: + Bng ACAJA v ACAJB thc hin chc n ng c a CMP. + 06 ki u bng t thch nghi vi b iu khin PCM l : ICPRO, ICDIM, ICSDT, ICMEC, ICCTM, ICCLA. + Bng ICMOD thc hin chc nng c a b logic thu nhp LCA. + Bng ICTR: Kt cui PCM. + Bng ACALA: Thc hi n chc nng cnh bo. - C th lp t cc i 49 b ng mch in + 4 bng ngun. Ton b tr m iu khin trung k tiu th ti a khng qu 170 w. II.3.6. Trm ng b thi gian c s STS. II.3.6.1. C u trc chc nng. Trm ny c nhim v to v phn ph i cc tn hiu thi gian cung cp cho ton b tng i. N c th c l p hay ph thuc vo ch tn hiu bn ngoi. Trm ny rt quan tr ng trong s hot ng ca h th ng nn c cu trc kp. Trm STS c 3 chc nng sau: + To ng b bn ngoi HIS (Ghp 2). + B c s thi gian BT (Ghp 3). + Giao tip vi vng cnh bo. * C u trc ca STS.

33

 thc hin c cc chc n ng trn STS c cu trc g m: + 01 b to c s thi gian ng b c cu to bi 3: BTT. + 01 giao tip ng b bn ngoi HIS c th c cu to kp: HIS c to t 1 2 bng RCHIS. + n v ng b c th nhn 4 ng h PCM.
Thi t b tu chn ng b
HIS 0 2083 KHz

Thi t b c s Thi gian c s

OSC 0

MCX A

CSNL

SMT
OSC 1

MCX
HIS 1 OSC 2

SMA

B
Trm ng b v c s th i gian

Hnh 2.7: C u trc ca khi ng b v c s thi gian T cu trc trn hnh 2.7 ta th y STS gm: - 02 b HIS0 v HIS1 l n v ng b c thit k cho mng ng b c s dng ph ng thc ch/t, vi nhiu u vo v c qun tr theo u tin. Nu 1 hoc nhi u u vo c s c th vic thit lp li chng c thit lp mt cch t ng theo nguyn l c nh trc. Chng s d ng ng h c ti to t cc ng trung k, t cc trm u cui PCM. Chng thc hin vic qun l ng b b ng i u hnh cc tn hiu cnh bo trn PCM tng ng, m bo cht lng tn s vi chnh xc cao nht theo yu c u. Chng sa cha nhng mt mt t cc lin kt ng b thng qua b to giao ng c n nh tn s cao. HIS nhn cc tuy n u ni ng

34

b t mi trng bn ngoi thng qua cc ng trung k SMT la chn mc u tin cao nht. - BTT: Bao gm 3 b giao ng OSC 0 OSC2 to giao ng v phn b tn hiu thi gian cn thit n cc trm u n i ca h th ng OCB 283. N s dng nguyn l thut ton Maority logic phn b thi gian v d li theo trt t m bo tin cy cao trong vn hnh (Cu t o bi 3). Phng v: Chc nng ny cho php STS pht cc cnh bo do cc giao tip ng b ngoi v BTT to ra vo mch vng cnh bo MAL. II.3.6.2. Cc vng hot ng ca STS. Trm c s thi gian v ng b c th to ra 4 vng hot ng m bo: * Hot ng t tr cao nh t. * Ch ng l i cc tc ng nguy him c th lm gi m cht lng tn s c truyn v m bo an ton cho hot ng ca tng i. Ti tng thi i m STS ch c th mt trong cc trng thi sau: - Vng hot ng ng b bnh thng. Trm c s th i gian v ng b STS ho t ng ng b vi t nht mt ng h tham kho ngoi. - Vng t tr bnh thng. Trm ng b v c s thi gian v ng b STS khng cn ng b vi ng h tham kho ngoi. + Tn s truyn c xc nh bi HIS ang lm vic nh vo gi tr tn s c lu trong b nh trc khi mt ng b ngoi. + n nh tn s vo khong 4.10-10 v c duy tr trong khong 72 gi. - Vng BTT dao ng t do. Hai giao tip ng b ngoi khng hot ng. + B c s thi gian bi ba mt ng b.

35

+ BTT s dng tn s do n to ra, vi gi tr lu c trc khi mt ng b vi HIS. + n nh tn s vo khong 4.10-6 v c duy tr trong khong 72 gi. - Vng dao ng t do. + Trm s dng ng h ca bn thn n m khng cn ti tuyn ng b. + chnh xc tn s do nh sn xut nh ra. + n nh tn s vo khong 10-9 v c duy tr trong khong vi thng. II.3.7. Ma trn chuyn mch MCX. H thng ma tr n chuyn mch thc hin u ni gia cc knh ghp thi gian c a cc CSNL, cc SMT v cc SMA. Ni mt cch tng qut n thc hi n cc chc n ng sau: + u ni n hng gia bt k mt knh v VE no vi bt k mt knh ra VS no. S lng kt n i ng thi bng s lng cc knh ra. + u ni bt k mt knh vo no vi M knh ra. + u n i N knh vo c cng cu trc khung vi N knh ra c cng cu trc khung. Chc nng ny gi l u ni Nx64 Kbt/s. + u ni hai hng gia pha ch gi v b gi s dng 2 u ni n hng. Phn h thng chuyn mch chng ny em ch gii thi u qua v s i su hn phn 2 ca n. II.3.8. Mch vng thng tin. - c im ca mch vng thng tin. + Ti a 250 tr m/vng. + Tc truyn trong vng l 4 Mb/s. + Truyn dn khng ng b c nh hng gia cc trm. + Thun li cho thng tin qung b. + Cht lng truy n d n cao do s liu c m ho. + Qun l vng. - Phn phi cng vic qu n l trn tt c cc tr m.

36

- Mt tr m c chn trc thc hin chc nng gim st. H th ng thng tin dng mt b dn knh thng tin c s dng truyn cc bn tin t mt trm ny n trm khc trong OCB 283. Nhn chung cc b dn knh thng tin ny th hin 2 chc n ng sau: + Trao i bn tin gia cc trm SMC, hay gia SMC vi SMM. B dn knh ny g i l b dn knh lin tr m MIS (Multiplex Inter Station). Ch c mt MIS trong OCB 283. + Trao i b n tin gia cc tr m SMX, SMT, SMA vi tt c cc tr m SMX. B dn knh ny gi l b dn knh thm nhp tr m i u khin chnh MAS (Multiplex Access Station). C th c t 1 n 4 MAS trong OCB 283. II.3.9. trm a x l vn hnh v bo dng SMM II.3.9.1. Vai tr v v tr ca SMM. - Gim st v qu n l h th ng Alcatel 1000 E10. - Lu tr s liu h thng. - iu khin phng v trm. - Gim st cc vng ghp thng tin. - X l l i thng tin Ngi - My. - Khi lp v khi to li. Trm vn hnh v bo dng SMM c cu trc kp hot ng theo kiu Hot ng/D phng c kt ni vi cc thit b thng tin sau: - Vng ghp lin tr m MIS qua Coupler ph CMS iu khi n, trao i thng tin vi cc tr m SMC. - Vng cnh bo MAL thu thp c nh bo. SMM cng th c kt ni v i tr m qu n tr vin thng TMN thng qua giao thc X.25. II.3.9.2. C u trc chc nng SMM. a. Tng quan v SMM. Trm SMM gm cc phn h sau:

37

- Hai trm x l ng nht SM, m i tr m c xy d ng xung quanh mt h thng a x l A8300 v c kt ni ti MIS (Nh hnh v). - Mt b nh ph ni ti Bus giao tip h th ng my tnh nh (SCSI) m b nh c th c iu khin bi SMM A hoc SMM B. - Cc giao tip bn ngoi c n nh cho tr m hot ng thng qua Bus ngoi vi.
MIS Pha A Pha B

B n i MIS CMS
HDLC

B n i MIS CMS

SMM A Cu trc n

SMM B

B nh ph (B ng t, a, Streamer) Cc giao tip vi bn ngoi (MAL, TMN, PC)

Hnh 2.8: T chc chc nng SMM SMM c cu hnh kp g m 2 tr m i u khin m v mt vt l l tr m SMM A v tr m SMM B. Hai trm ny h i thoi vi nhau b ng giao thc HDLC qua Coupler kp. Mt trong hai tr m l trm hot ng cn tr m kia l trm d phng. Pha no hot ng th s qu n tr phn c cu trc n. b. C u trc phn cng. * Cc n v x l. C 2 n v x l ng nht SMM-A v SMM-B nhng ch c mt n v x l hot ng ti mt thi im. M i n v x l hnh thnh mt tr m bo dng trn MIS, n c thit k quanh Bus X 32 bt, l bus chung cho h th ng A 8300 trong SMM.

38

n v x l c thc hi n bi cc bng mch: 2 cp bng mch ACUTG v ACMGS, 1 cp b ng ACAJA/ACAJB, 1 bng mch ACFTD, 2 bng mch ACBSG v 1 bng mch h thng ACCSG. Mi n v x l c mt giao tip vi MIS v vi b nh ph ( a, bng t, streamer). Hai n v x l ny trao i thng tin qua mt ng ni trc tip, s dng giao thc thng tin HDLC v trao i cc tn hiu trng thi ca SMM. * B nh th cp. B nh ny g m cc ph ng tin lu tr s li u, l cc b nh t tnh nh: a, bng t v Streamer. + a t: Lu tr tt c cc chng trnh phn mm v s li u trong h th ng. Cc thng tin c ghi song song trn c 2 a SMM A v SMM B. + Bng t: Thng thng tin c lu tr trn a. Bng t thng c s dng thng tin vo hay ra c truyn di dng file trn bng t ti mt trung tm x l khi cc tuyn ni t mt my xa ti mt my khc b hng. + Streamer: Dng kh i to h thng. Np phn mm kim tra, np v ghi ni dung c a a. * B phi hp tuyn ni ng b (Cc u cui thuc tt c cc lo i). * B phi hp cnh bo trung tm (CCAL). * B phi hp lin kt ng xm nhp tc 64 Kb/s. Thit b u cui vn hnh bo dng bao g m: + Cc n v hin th. + Teletypes. + My in. + Cc thit b u cu i thng minh. Cc thit b u cui ny c phn chia nh sau: - Bn phm tr gip (Khng nh t thit phi c). - Cc thit b ngoi vi u ra.

39

- Cc thit b ngoi vi hot ng theo lnh ngi vn hnh (Ngi - My). II.4. PHN MM CA TNG I ALCATEL A1000 E10. Phn m m c th coi l linh hn ca h thng t ng i. N c lp trnh iu khi n s hot ng ca h thng trn c s c sn ca phn cng. Phn m m c thit k nhm mc ch: + m bo dch v an ton, lin tc trong sut qu trnh hot ng ca tng i. + Thun li trong vic sa i v m rng khi cn. + D dng, thu n li trong qun l v trong thi cng t ng i. + Cc module c th nghin cu ring l. + D dng trong vic khai thc iu hnh v bo tr, c cc th tc v an ton c th khoanh vng v sa cha ch hng mt cch nhanh nht, trnh ly lan sang cc vng khc. + D dng thch hp vi cc k thut cng ngh trn mng. Phn m m c chia lm 3 khi: + Phn mm ca kh i tp trung thu bao. Thc hi n chc nng khm ph cuc gi, n nh khe thi gian v gim st thit lp ng truyn trong n v trung tm x l cuc gi. + Phn mm ca kh i lin kt. Nm trong cc n v iu khin, thc hin vic thit lp v gii phng cuc tho i, tip nhn phn tch v pht i cc ch s quay, chn ng i v xc nh, kim tra cc s liu c lin quan n thu bao, tnh cc... + Phn mm khai thc v bo dng. Nm trong OCM, tip nh n v cnh bo tnh tr ng bt thng hay tch cc, quan st dng in tiu th v kh i ng cc chng trnh chun on bnh v thc hin cc lnh do ngi v my a ra. Phn ln cc chng trnh ph m mm trong tng i ALCATEL 1000 E10 u c vit bng ngn ng CHILL, v mt s o n chng trnh vit bng ngn ng Assembly.

40

V chc nng th phn mm c chia lm 2 loi. + Chc n ng chuyn mch, u n i thu bao, x l cuc gi... + Chc n ng khai thc bo dng: Quan st lu lng thoi, chu n on v pht hit bnh, khoanh vng ch hng. II.4.1. Cc module phn mm. Trong mi kh i trn, phn m m li chia thnh cc khi nh hn. Mi khi thc hin mt chc nng ring bit gi l Module ph n mm (ML: Software Machine) cc module phn mm trao i thng tin vi nhau qua mch vng trao i thng tin. Tng i E10 c cc module phn mm c m t trn hnh 2.9 nh sau: + ML MR: Module x l g i. + ML TR: Module qun tr c s d liu. + ML TX: Module tnh cc v o l ng lu lng tho i. + ML MQ: Module phn phi b n tin. + ML GX: Module iu khi n, qun l ma trn chuyn mch. + ML URM: Module ph n m m i u khin trung k. + ML ETA: Module qu n tr thit b ph tr (T o Tone). + ML COM: Module iu khi n ma trn chuyn mch. + ML PC: Module iu khin bo hi u s 7. + ML PUPE: Module phn m m qun tr giao thc bo hi u s 7. + ML BT: Module phn mm iu khin trm ng b v c s thi gian. + ML OM: Module phn mm vn hnh v bo dng.

41

PHN H U NI V IU KHIN
PHN H TRUY NHP THU BAO

CSNL CSND CSED

LR

MA TRN CHUYN MCH CHNH

BT

PCM

urm

com

ETA

PUPE

TNG I KHC

PCM

BUS CHUNG

MQ
MO

GX

MR

TX

TR

PC

Cnh bo

PHN H VN HNH V BO DNG

Hnh 2.9: Cu trc phn mm ca Alcatel A1000 E10

II.4.2. Module iu khin trung k URM. Khi ny l giao din gia cc ng PCM n t bn ngoi v OCB 283. Cc ng PCM c th n t: - Trm u ni thu bao s xa CSND.

42

- Cc trung tm chuy n mch khc, s dng bo hi u knh kt hp hoc bo hi u s 7. - B tp trung thu bao xa CSED. - T thit b thng bo ghi s n * Chc n ng: - Chuy n i m nh phn sang HDB3 v ngc l (LR PCM). Ti ng b vi tn hi u thi gian ca tng i. - Chn hoc ly ra thng tin bo hiu t khe TS16 ca mt khung x l. - Nu tng i ni ti l tng t c kh n ng bin i tng t/s. - i vi bo hiu knh ring: + Thc hi n chc nng bo hi u th i gian thc. + Tip nhn bo hiu trn khe TS16 chuyn ti khi i u khi n theo kiu cc bn tin nh i vi knh chung, chuyn bo hiu t khi iu khi n ti theo kiu knh ring v truy n i trn khe TS16. + Qun l cc tuy n n i bn c nh, c bit l tuyn bo hi u s 7. + Cc chc nng bo v v an ton trong vn hnh: Truy n cc cnh bo v cc dng PCM, t ki m tra cc li ni b, m sa sai. II.4.3. Module to nhp v phn phi thi gian BT. B BT chu trch nhim to cc tn s v nh thi cho cc hot ng ng b ca tng i v c ng b cho cc thit b n m ngoi tng i. ng h chun c th l t tr hoc ly t nhp bn ngoi ng b h thng vi mng. Khi ny c cp 3 d phng bi v khi ny rt quan trng i vi s hot ng ca h thng. Nu khi ny dng th hot ng ca c h thng b dng. II.4.4. Module iu khin u ni ma trn chuyn mch GX. Chc nng c a GX l: + Thc hi n vic x l v phng v cht lng cc ng u ni.

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+ Yu cu u ni hoc gi i phng tuyn ni di s iu khin c a MR hoc t b phn b bn tin MQ. + Nhn bit cc tn hi u li khi u ni do b i u khi n chuy n mch (COM) gy ra. + GX cn m bo chc nng gim st cc kt cui c a cc thnh phn u ni (Cc ng xm nhp LA) mt cch nh k hoc theo yu cu t cc ng nht nh. II.4.5. Module qun l thit b ph tr ETA. ETA cung cp cc chc n ng sau: + Thu v o mc tn s dng trong ki m tra trung k v cc tn hiu a tn t cc trung k a tn. (Cc tn hiu a tn thu c chuyn thnh cc bn tin bo cho khi x l cuc gi). + Chu trch nhi m cc cuc g i ki u hi ngh (CCF). + To ra cc m tone mi quay s, bo bn, bo ri... + To tn hiu a t n cho cc trung k bo hiu a t n. + m nhi m vic pht cc bn tin thng bo ghi m s n c cu trc s c np sn. + To ng h cho tng i. II.4.6. Module iu khin giao thc bo hiu s 7 (PUPE). C mt ng u ni bn thng trc u ni knh bo hiu 64 Kbps gia URM v ma trn u ni, PUPE cc cch chc nng sau: + X l knh bo hi u (Mc 2). + nh hng bn tin (Mc 3). II.4.7. B iu khin bo hiu s 7 (PC). PC c chc nng: + iu khi n CCS7. + Qun l mng (Mt phn mc 3). + Phng v PUPE.

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+ Gim st cc iu kin m khng trc tip lin quan n CCS7. Khi PC l khi x l bo hiu mng c kh n ng x l bo hiu s 7 v c cc loi bo hi u khc. Cc khi PUPE v PC cho php h thng ALCATEL E10 (G m c tng i v tinh) hot ng nh cc im bo hi u quc gia hoc a phng v c kh nng thc hiu bo hiu s 7 vi cc b truy cp thu bao xa. II.4.8. Module x l gi MR. Khi MR chu trch nhim x l cuc gi. Chc nng ny da trn vic x d ng cc vng nh lu tr ng cnh c a cuc gi, mi cuc g i c thit lp mt vng nh c gi l thanh ghi. Cc thanh ghi l cn thit lu tr ng cnh cuc gi. Do MR phi qu n l qu trnh x l cho nhiu cuc gi do ng c nh c a cuc gi c lu tr trong m t thanh ghi. Khi c b n tin khc n (Do mt cuc g i khc) th n s c x l, lu tr trn mt thanh ghi khc. Mi thanh ghi s lu tr s thu bao b gi, s thu bao ch gi, trng thi cuc gi. Cc thanh ghi c di b ng nhau v c nh. y chnh l im hn ch s lng thu bao u ni vo tr m. Do vy mi khi nng cp ngi ta thng np phn mm mi t ng di thanh ghi, cho php s bt ghi thng tin v s thu bao tng ln. Chc nng MR l: + Nhn bit cuc gi (Nh c my, t my). + Gim st cuc gi. + iu khi n u n i v gii phng u ni. + Kim tra o th cc ng dy thu bao v trung k. + Xem xt v yu cu TR cung cp s liu cn thit cho cuc gi. + Trao i thng tin vi chc nng tnh cc cung cp thng tin cho n tnh cc. Nh v y, ta c th thy MR m nh n g n nh ton b cc chc n ng iu khin chnh i vi chc n ng in thoi. N c th coi l b no ca h

45

th ng, n ch giao tip vi bn ngoi qua mch vng thng tin (MIS v MAS) bng cc bn tin logic. N nhn bn tin t cc khi chc nng khc a n v x l chng r i gi cc lnh mt cch chung nht ti cc khi ch p hnh. II.4.9. B qun tr c s d liu (B phin dch) TR. chc nng thng dch v lu tr s liu ch y u l cung cp thng tin m chc n ng x l cuc gi yu c u, TR thc hin vic qun l s liu thu bao v cc chm knh trung k phn tch. - Chc nng ch y u c a TR. + Phn tch s thu bao, thng dch chn tuyn. + Qun l d ch v, phng tin, chuyn cuc g i tm thi... + Cung cp cc s liu a ch chm knh v thu bao cho cc mc ch gim st ti v lu lng. + Thc hi n mi thao tc v qun l v ki m tra (Ghi c, xo m t file sang mt b x l thng dch khc, d li...). Vi chc n ng nh trn th TR ph i lu tr rt nhiu s liu. Do i hi ph n c ng phi c b nh c dung lng ln. II.4.10. Module tnh cc TX. TX m nhim chc nng tnh cc cho tt c cc thng tin v a ra cc ho n chi tit cho thu bao hoc knh thu bao. Yu cu TX phi chnh xc v an ton cao v n lin quan cht ch n kinh t, phi linh hot m m do theo yu c u c a khch hng. N cn thc hin nhi m v quan trc, theo di s hot ng ca cc ng trung k thu bao. TX c thit k linh hot trong: + Cc qui tc tnh cc. + Trong cc kiu cuc gi tnh cc. + Kh nng thch ng vi tt c cc kiu gi cc, cc tham s tnh cc c sp xp trong cc file m ngi vn hnh c th xm nh p c. TX c thit k an ton v chnh xc th hin qua vic:

46

+ Chc nng tnh cc c 2 n v ph n cng h tr, hot ng trn c s phn chia cuc gi. + Cp nht vic tnh c c vo c trong 2 n v phn c ng ti thi i m kt thc mi cuc gi. + Sao l i thng xuyn cc bn k tnh cc khi hot bi phn h vn hnh v bo dng trn c s lch v theo yu c u ca ngi vn hnh. + ng h ni b (Phc v tnh cc) c ng b theo thit b to tn hiu thi gian c a h thng. Chc nng tnh cc bao g m: + Thit lp thi gian bt u cuc gi do bn tin t MR a n v gi i phng khi kt thc. + Tm cc thng s tnh cc lin quan t i cuc gi ( c lu tr). + Cung cp cc thng tin cn thit cho vic ly ho n chi tit vi l nh t tr m bo dng SMM. II.4.11. Module phn phi b n tin. Khi ny c chc n ng phn b v to khun d ng cc bn tin v hot ng c a h thng thng tin ti cc khi chc n ng khc. Ngoi ra, n cn thc hi n chc nng: + Gim st cc ng u n i bn thng trc gia cc mng vi nhau v trong mt mng. + Truyn a bn tin ti cc b khc nhau qua mch vng bn tin (Chc nng cng). II.4.12. Khi ghp knh thng tin (Communication Multiplex). c s d ng truyn bo bn tin t trm ny n trm khc trong h th ng OCB 283. C t 1 5 b ghp knh c s dng truyn cc bn tin (Bn tin l cc n v thng tin gia cc trm phn cng). C 2 loi ghp knh: MAS v MIS, ngoi ra cn thm MAL.

47

+ MAS: Mch vng bn tin bn trong m bo trao i thng tin gia SMC vi SMT, SMA, SMX. + MIS: Mch vng bn tin bn ngoi m bo trao i thng tin gia SMC vi SMC khc v SMM. + MAL: Mch vng cnh bo t cc tr m v SMM. II.4.13. Module vn hnh v bo dng OM. N cho php thm nhp ti m i ph n cng v phn mm qua cc thit b u cui l cc my tnh thuc phn h vn hnh v bo dng, cc thit b u cui c th thm nhp cc mc chc nng khc nhau. Cc thng tin trn thit b u cui ca OM trao i qua bn phm, a t, b ng t. Cc chc nng ny c th phn lm 2 lo i: - Vn hnh p d ng thoi: Qun l thu bao, trung k, bin dch, tnh cc, quan trc... - Vn hnh v bo dng h thng: Qun l cc trm, cc cnh bo. Ngoi ra, phn h vn hnh v bo dng cn thc hin cc chc nng sau: + Np ph n m m v s liu cho vic thit lp v iu khi n cc CSN. + Cp nht tin tc v ho n chi tit. + Tp trung, lu tr tm thi cc thng tin v c nh bo. + Phng v tp trung cho ton h thng. + Ngoi ra OM cn c kh nng giao tip vi mng trung tm. Cc nh thit k thit k tng i thnh cc n v phn cng v phn mm ring bit m nhn mt hay vi chc nng. Cc chc nng c thc hin ch yu bng cc Module ph n mm trn mt hay nhiu n v phn c ng. Cc module ph n mm v phn cng c phn chia thnh cc n v ring r v giao tip gia chng c chu n ho. V cc module ph n m m c pht tri n c lp v s lin quan gia chng ch thng qua cc giao din nn c gi l my ph n mm ML (Machine Loigque).

48

49

PHN II. NGHIN CU H THNG CHUYN MCH TRONG TNG I V PHN H CHUYN MCH CA TNG I ALCATEL 1000 E10 CHNG III: K THUT CHUYN MCH S
III.1. GII THIU CHUNG. Chuyn mch knh tn hiu s l qu trnh kt ni, trao i thng tin cc khe thi gian gia mt s o n ca tuyn truyn d n TDM s. C hai c ch thc hin qu trnh chuy n mch knh tn hiu s l: C ch chuy n mch khng gian s v c ch chuy n mch thi gian s. Di y s m t nguyn tc cu to hot ng ca cc tng chuyn mch s theo c ch khng gian cng nh thi gian. Trn c s xy dng trng chuyn mch kt hp bo m kch thc ln bt k theo yu c u. III.1.1. Tng chuyn mch khng gian s 0 1 PCMvo N-1
B CHUYN MCH KHNG GIAN S

0 1 PCMra M-1

Hnh 3.1. Khi qut v b chuyn mch khng gian s Cc b chuy n mch khng gian s thc hin chc n ng chuy n tn hi u t mt knh no trn tuyn PCM vo t i knh c cng th t vi n trn tuyn PCMra. Ngha l n thc hin cc thao tc chuyn mch theo cng thc: ChiPCMA ChiPCMB trong A=B hoc AB. * C u to. B chuy n mch khng gian s S (Space Switch Stage) c cu to b i 2 ph n: Ph n ma trn chuyn mch v khi i u khin chuyn mch cc b.

50

Ph n ma trn chuy n mch c kch thc N u vo v M u ra vt l (c th hin trn hnh 3.1), vi N l s hng cn M l s ct ca ma trn chuy n mch. Giao im c a hng v ct l cc phn t chuyn mch. Do y l h thng TDM s, nn mi ng vt l cha n knh thi gian m chng mang cc tn hiu PCM. Nh vy kt ni mt khe thi gian TSi bt k trong mt ng PCM bt k pha u vo ca ma trn chuyn mch ti khe thi gian tng ng cng tn ca mt ng PCM bt k pha u ra ca ma trn chuyn mch th mt im chuyn mch thch hp ca ma trn chuyn mch s hot ng trong sut thi gian ca khe TSi v lp li vi chu k 125s trong sut qu trnh kt ni. Cng vi im chuyn mch ny nhng trong khe thi gian khc vi khe TSi n vn c th s dng cho cc qu trnh kt ni khc. Tng t nh vy i vi tt c cc im chuyn mch khc ca ma trn cng c th s dng thit lp knh ni cho cc cuc gi khc nhau. Chuyn mch khng gian tn hiu TDM-s thng thit lp ng thi mt lng ln cc cuc n i qua ma trn vi tc chuy n mch tc th trong mt khung tn hi u 125s, trong mi cuc ni tn t i trong thi gian c a mt khe thi gian TS. Mt cuc gi in thoi c th ko di trong kho ng thi gian nhi u khung tn hi u PCM (Thng thng khong 1,2 2 triu khung tng ng vi khong thi gian t 3-4 pht). Nh vy, cn ph i c mt b iu khin theo chu k cho m i i m chuy n mch. B nh RAM iu khin cc b s thc hin chc n ng ny. III.1.1.1. B chuyn mch khng gian s iu khin theo u ra. B chuy n mch ny cn c gi l b chuyn mch khng gian s iu khin theo ct. * C u to g m 2 phn. - Ma trn chuyn mch. - Khi iu khin chuyn mch cc b.

51

Cc u ra 0 0

1 2

Local Controller
DEC

C-Mem Add
Selector CLK
TS counter

0 1 2 n

R W CC

Data

Hnh 3.2. Chuyn mch khng gian s iu khin theo u ra Ma trn chuyn mch vung kch thc NxN, trong hng dng cho cc ng PCM pha u vo v ct dng cho cc ng PCM pha u ra. Ti giao im ca hng v ct u ni im chuyn mch v thng thng l cng logic AND hay cng logic ba trng thi. Do c cng logic AND v cng logic ba trng thi u l mch logic khng nh, nn chuyn mch cho cng mt khe thi gian

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gia u vo v u ra ca phn t chuyn mch. Cc im chuyn mch trong mi ct c iu khin bi b nh iu khin C-Mem (Control Memory). Khi iu khin cc b bao gm b m khe thi gian TS-Counter, b chn a ch Selector v b nh iu khin C-Mem thc hin chc nng iu khin cc b ma trn chuyn mch. B nh C-Mem lu tr cc s liu lin quan ti cc im chuyn mch tng ng vi cc khe thi gian TS trong khung tn hiu cho. S bt ca mi ngn nh phi cha t m a ch ca phn t chuyn mch. Gi s ta gi s bt trong ngn nh ca C-Mem l d th: d=

log2N nguyn Int(log2N)

Nu log2N l s Nu log2N l s khng nguyn

Mi ct phi c mt gii m iu khin gii m cc t m a ch thnh tn hiu iu khin a n tng phn t chuyn mch trong ct. Hnh 3.2 minh ho nguyn tc cu to v hot ng ca tng chuyn mch khng gian S iu khin theo u ra. M a ch c gn cho mi i m chuyn mch trong mi ct. Mi a ch thch hp sau s c s dng chn mt im chuyn mch yu cu thit lp cuc ni gia mt u vo vi mt u ra ca mt ma trn chuyn mch. Cc a ch chn ny c nh trong b nh iu khin C-Mem theo th t khe thi gian ng vi biu thi gian kt ni hin thi. Nh vy, i vi ct 1, a ch ca im chuyn mch s c ni thng mch trong thi gian TS0 s c nh trong nh c a ch 0 ca CMem cho ct, a ch ca im chuyn mch s c thng mch trong khe thi gian TS1 s c nh trong a ch 1. Khi b nh iu khin C-Mem c np s liu cc i ch ca cc im chuyn mch trong ct th qu trnh iu khin chuyn mch c th thc hin bng cch c cc ni dung ca mi nh CMem trong thi gian thch hp tng ng vi khe thi gian yu cu s dng cc s liu a ch chn im chuyn mch cn thit m n s thng mch trong khong thi gian TS nu trn. Qu trnh ny c lp li cho n khi

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tt c cc nh ca C-Mem c c v cc im chuyn mch c iu khin mt cch thch hp. Chu k lp li qu trnh chuyn mch ny l T=125s, bt u t nh u tin ca C-Mem. Mi chu k l mt khung ca Format tn hiu s s dng v trong thi gian t hp m tn hiu PCM t mi khe thi gian u vo c th s c chuyn mch ti mt khe thi gian thch hp ti mt u ra nht nh. Khi cuc gi kt thc h thng iu khin trung tm CC (Central Control) nhn bit v n s gii phng cuc ni mt cch n gin bng hot ng xo s liu ghi vo C-Mem nh nu khi bt u cuc gi. nm vng c b n ch t v n ny chng ta s i vo m t nguyn tc hot ng chuyn mch to knh c a chuyn mch tng S qua v d: Kho st mt cuc n i gia TS#0 c a lung tn hiu PCM1 u vo t i TS#0 ca lu ng tn hiu PCM1 u ra. Cn c vo yu cu chuy n mch trn, trc ht h thng iu khin trung tm CC ca tng i s to ra cc s liu iu khin np vo b nh C-Mem c a tng S. Trn hnh 3.2 ta thy r rng im chuy n mch duy nht c th m bo cho yu cu kt n i PCM1 u vo vi PCM1 u ral AND11 do CC to ra m nh phn cho ph n t AND11 ngy. V theo yu cu cn phi chuy n mch cho khe thi gian TS#0 do v y CC s chi m nh c a ch m nh phn 0 tng ng ca C-Mem. Cc s li u c bn c CC np a ch nh phn AND11 vo nh 0 c a C-Mem tng S, xong n giao quyn diu khin cho khi iu khin cc b iu khin trc tip qu trnh tip theo. m bo tng chuyn mch S c ho t ng chnh xc, yu c u cc tn hiu ng h phi hon ton ng b vi thi i m bt u c a mi khe thi gian TS trong khung tn hi u PCM c s dng. Khi bt u khung tn hiu PCM tn hiu ng h th nht tc ng vo b m khe thi gian TS-Counter lm cho b m ny thit lp trng thi 0 c m nh phn tng ng vi a ch nh 0 ca C-Mem, nh b chn a ch

54

Selector m trng thi ny c a ti Bus a ch nh 0 ca C-Mem. ng thi vi vic to m a ch, Selector to ra tn hiu iu khin c a ti CMem do ni dung cha trong nh 0 c a ra thanh ghi-gii m. V ni dung ny li chnh l a ch ca phn t chuyn mch AND11, do to c tn hiu iu khin i m chuyn mch ny, nh tn hiu PCM cha trong khe thi gian TS#0 ca PCM1 pha u vo c chuyn qua phn t chuyn mch AND11 hng ti PCM1 pha u ra ca ma trn chuyn mch S, ngha l n thc hin c chc nng chuyn mch nh nu trn. Kt thc thi gian TS#0, xung ng h th 2 tc ng vo TS-Counter lm n chuyn sang tr ng thi 1 c m nh phn tng ng vi a ch 1 c a C-Mem Qu trnh ny c lp li vi chu k 125s trong sut qu trnh thit lp cuc gi. Khi cuc g i kt thc CC nhn bi t v n s gii phng cuc ni mt cch n gin bng hot ng xo s liu ghi vo C-Mem nh nu khi bt u cuc gi. cc trng chuyn mch S thc t, cc bits tn hi u PCM thng c ghp knh to lung tc cao v bin i thnh d ng song song khi qua tng S. III.1.1.2. B chuyn mch khng gian s iu khin theo u vo. L b chuyn mch khng gian s iu khin theo hng V cu to cng gn ging nh b chuyn mch khng gian iu khi n theo u ra, b chuy n mch khng gian iu khin theo u ra c 2 thnh phn: Ma trn chuyn mch v khi i u khin chuyn mch cc b. Ma trn chuyn mch cng c cu trc nh ph n III.1.1.1. Nhng phn t chuyn mch c u n i theo nguyn tc: Mt u vo ca phn t chuy n mch c ni vi tuyn PCMvo, u ra ca phn t chuyn mch c u ni vi tuyn PCMra, u vo th 2 ca cc phn t chuy n mch

55

trong cng mt hng c u ni vi b gi i m iu khin ca kh i i u khin chuyn mch. B nh iu khin C-Mem c a khi i u khin chuy n mch c ng c t chc theo hng. Mi hng c s lng ngn nh bng s knh c a tuyn PCM, s bt c a mi ngn nh ph i din gi i c a ch c a phn t chuy n mch trong hng di dng t m nh phn.

Gi b l s bt ca mi ngn nh ta c: b=

Int(log N) +1
2

log2N

Nu log2N l Nu log2N l s khng N

0 0

Cc u ra 2

Local Controller
DEC

C-Mem

Add
Selector CLK
TS counter

0 1 2 n

R W CC

Data 56

Ta c th miu t nguyn tc c a b chuyn mch ny qua v d c th sau: Gi s c th thc hi n c thao tc chuy n mch Ch3PCM1Ch3PCM2 th c n phi ghi [2] vo ngn 3 hng 1 c a C-Mem. Ti khe th i gian TS3 c a mi chu k th [2] trong ngn 3 hng 1 ca C-Mem l i c c ra m phn t chuy n mch 2 trong hng 1 c a ma trn chuy n mch trong sut khe TS3. V v y, thng tin knh Ch3 ca tuyn PCM vo 1 c chuy n ti knh Ch3 ca tuy n PCM ra 2. Khi thao tc chuy n mch kt thc th [2] b xo khi ngn 3 ca hng 1 trong C-Mem. III.1.2. B chuyn mch thi gian s. Nh chng ta bi t phn trn, cu to v hot ng ca chuy n mch tng S ch thc hi n cho cc qu trnh chuyn mch c cng ch s khe thi gian gia ng PCM vo v PCM ra. Trong trng hp t ng qut c yu c u trao i khe thi gian gia u vo v u ra khc nhau th ta ph i ng dng t ng chuy n mch thi gian T (Time Switch Stage). Thc cht ca b chuyn mch thi gian s l b nh tn hiu PCM t khe thi gian tng ng vi knh ngun ti khe thi gian tng ng vi knh ch. Thng tin cn chuy n mch c nh trong mt b nh t khe thi gian pht v ti khe thi gian thu, n s c c ra t b nh v cng to ra khong thi gian tr. minh ho qu trnh trao i khe thi gian gia 2 khung lin tip nhau qua tng chuyn mch T ta c s sau. T=125s TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cc ng SHW vo n T=125s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

57 Cc ng SHW ra 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 n 0 1 2 3 45 6 n

T=125s TS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cc ng SHW vo

T=125s 0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Cc ng SHW ra 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 n 0 1 2 3 45 6 n

SHW vo 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 n

Tr(n-6+2)TS

SHW ra 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 n

Hnh 3.4b. Tr qua chuyn mch thi gian s Hnh v 3.4.a trn minh ho qu trnh trao i khe thi gian gia TS2 v TS5 cho hai khung lin tip nhau gia ng PCM vo v PCM ra c a tng chuy n mch T. Do cc khe thi gian sp xp lin tip nhau theo th t tng dn nn trao i thng tin gia cc khe thi gian TS2 v TS5, tn hiu PCM trong TS2 cn phi c lu tm thi ti t ng T trong kho ng th i gian 3TS trong cng mt khung, sau vo khe thi gian caTS5, tn hi u PCM c a ra ng PCM pha u ra ca tng chuy n mch.

58

Khi c n chuy n mch gia khe thi gian u ra vi khe thi gian c ch s ln hn pha u vo th tn hi u khng th tr trong cng mt khung m ph i tr ti khung tip theo. hnh 3.4.b minh ho cho yu cu chuy n mch gia 2 khe thi gian TS6 pha u vo v TS2 pha u ra, thc hi n c i u ny th tn hiu cn phi lu tr ti tng chuy n mch mt kho ng thi gian l (n-6)+2 khe thi gian. Nguyn l c u to c a chuyn mch T gm 2 thnh phn chnh l b nh tin S-Mem (Speak Memory) v b nh iu khin C-Mem nh trn hnh 3.5 sau y. SHW vo Add R/W n SHW ra
Selector 1

S-Mem 0 1 2

Read Write Chu trnh R/W Local Cotroller

Clock

TS W count

R C-Mem Add R/W

Selector 2

0 1 2 n Data

W Central Contral

Hnh 3.5. Chuyn mch tng T

59

B nh S-Mem c chc nng c b n l nh tm th i cc tn hiu PCM cha trong mi khe thi gian pha u vo to ra tr thch hp theo yu cu m n c gi tr t nh nht l 1 TS ti cc i l (n-1) TS. B nh C-Mem c chc n ng iu khin qu trnh c thng tin lu m t i S-Mem. C ng nh C-Mem trong trng chuyn mch tng S, b nh C-Mem c a tng T cng c n nh bng s lng khe thi gian trong khung tn hiu PCM s dng. Trong thi gian mi TS, C-Mem i u khi n qu trnh c mt nh tng ng thch hp trong T-Mem. Nh v y, hi u qu tr c a tn hiu PCM c a T-Mem c xc nh mt cch r rng rnh mch bi hi u s gia cc khe thi gian ghi v c tin PCM b nh S-Mem. Nu vic ghi cc tn hiu PCM cha trong cc khe thi gian TS pha u vo c a tng chuyn mch T vo S-Mem c thc hin mt cch tu n t th c th s dng mt b m nh phn Module (n) cng vi b chn n gin iu khi n. Cn phi ch l ng h tn hiu c n ph i hon ton ng b vi thi i m u ca TS trong khung tn hi u PCM c s d ng trong h. T c ch chuy n mch nu trn ta c th thy t ng chuyn mch T hot ng khng bnh thng trong cch phn chia theo thi gian. Vi cng mt b nh C-Mem, cc nh c s dng mt cch c quyn cho m i cuc gi xc nh trong sut th i gian c a cuc ni. Nh v y, ta c th th y c mt nghch l rng t ng chuy n mch thi gian c phn chia theo khng gian cn tng chuy n mch khng gian li phn chia theo thi gian. Nguyn l hot ng ca chuyn mch thi gian T c trnh by thng qua v d sau: Gi s tng chuy n mch T trn hnh 3.5 miu t yu c u chuy n mch phc v cho cuc ni gia TS#5 ca lung tn hi u PCM u vo vi TS#9 ca lu ng tn hiu PCM u ra. C n c vo yu c u chuyn mch, h thng iu khin trung tm CC ca tng i s to ra cc s li u i u khin cho t ng

60

chuy n mch T. thc hi n c i u ny CC s np s li u v a ch nh phn nh s 5 ca T-Mem vo nh s 9 ca C-Mem, sau CC giao quyn iu khi n c c b cho chuy n mch tng T trc tip thc hi n qu trnh trao i khe thi gian theo yu cu chuyn mch. Qu trnh trao i khe thi gian c kho st ti thi im bt u TS#0 ca khung tn hi u PCM. Qu trnh ghi thng tin PCM cha trong cc khe thi gian pha u vo ca b nh S-Mem c thc hi n mt cch ln lt v ng b nh hot ng phi hp gia b m khe thi gian TS-Counter v b chn a ch Selector 1. C th l khi bt u khe thi gian TS#0, tn hiu ng h tc ng vo TS-Counter lm n thit lp trng thi 0 to m nh phn tng ng vi a ch m nh phn nh 0 ca S-Mem. B ch n a ch Selector 1 c s dng iu khin c hay ghi c a b nh S-Mem (RAM), trong trng hp ny n chuyn m a ch ny vo Bus a ch Add ca SMem ng thi to tn hiu i u khin ghi W, do vy t hp m tn hiu PCM cha trong khe thi gian TS#0 ca lung s u vo c ghi vo nh 0 ca S-Mem. Kt thc thi gian TS#0 l bt u khe thi gian TS#1 lc ny ng h li tc ng vo TS-Counter mt nhp lm cho n chuyn trng thi 1 to a ch nh phn cho nh s 1 ca S-Mem. Selector 1 chuyn s liu ny vo Bus a ch ca S-Mem, ng thi to tn hiu ghi W do t hp m tn hiu PCM trong khe thi gian TS#1 ca lung s u vo c ghi vo nh 1 ca SMem. Qu trnh ny xy ra tng t i vi cc khe thi gian tip theo n khe thi gian cui cng TS#n ca khung, sau n li tip tc lp li qu trnh cho cc khung tip theo trong sut thi gian thi t lp cuc gi theo yu cu. Song song vi vic ghi tn hi u vo S-Mem, C-Mem thc hi n qu trnh c cc nh ca S-Mem a tn hiu PCM ra lung s PCM vo cc khe thi gian c n thit thch hp t ng ng theo yu cu. C th c a qu trnh ny c di n ra nh sau:

61

Khi bt u khe thi gian TS#9, tn hiu ng h tc ng vo TSCounter lm n chuyn trng thi to m nh phn tng ng vi a ch nh s 9 ca C-Mem. B chn a ch Selector 2 chuyn s li u ny vo Bus a ch c a C-Mem ng thi to tn hiu i u khi n c R cho b nh CMem, kt qu l n i dung cha trong nh th 9 ca C-Mem c a ra ngoi hng ti Bus a ch c pha u vo ca Selector 1. V ni dung c a nh s 9 C-Mem l a ch nh phn c a nh s 5 c a S-Mem do v y b chn a ch Selector 1 chuyn a ch ny vo Bus a ch ca S-Mem, ng thi n to c tn hiu iu khin c R ca S-Mem. Kt qu l ni dung cha trong nh t ca S-Mem c a ra ngoi vo kho ng th i gian c a khe th i gian TS#9, ngha l thc hi n ng chc n ng chuy n mch theo yu cu cho trc. Qu trnh tip tc lp li nh trn vi chu k 125s vi cc khung tip theo cho n khi kt thc cuc ni. C ch hot ng va c trnh by trn l qu trnh ghi tn hi u PCM vo S-Mem c thc hin mt cch tun t, cn qu trnh c tn hiu PCM t S-Mem ra c thc hi n mt cch ngu nhin. Do v y, ch lm vic ny ca t ng chuy n mch T c gi l Ghi tu n t c ngu nhin vit tt l SWRR (Sequencial Write Random Read). Trn thc t cn s d ng ch Ghi ngu nhin c tun t RWSR (Random Write Sequencial Read) nhng v thi gian c h n nn em khng th trnh by y. III.1.3. Kh thng ca chuyn mch S. Khi ta kho st phn tch cu to v hot ng ca chuyn mch s tng S trn ta thy rng chuyn mch t ng S mc ph i mt vn rt nghim trng l hi n tng v ng n i do c s tranh chp l n khi c hai hay nhi u cuc gi cng xut hi n u vo khc nhau nhng cng mu n chim cng mt khe thi gian trong lung PCM u ra ca ma trn chuyn mch. Hin tng ny c th khc phc bng cch tm chn cc khe thi gian ri khc nhau, i u ny c th thc hin c bi nguyn tc, bt k khe th i

62

gian ri no trong hng cho cng c th dng cho cuc gi xc nh. Ngoi ra ta c th dng kt hp gia chuyn mch t ng S v chuyn mch tng T c th pht tri n dung l ng khi chuy n mch va gim c hin tng vng ni. III.2. TRNG CHUY N MCH S . III.2.1. Gii thiu chung. Trong ng dng thc t ca cc kh i chuyn mch tn hiu s ta thy thng phi gi i quyt hai vn quan trng l cht lng phc v cuc g i QOS (Quality of Service) v dung lng cn thit ca khi chuy n mch c n dng. Hin tng Blocking nh hng rt nhiu n cht lng phc v v khi chng ta s dng trng chuyn mch S th xc sut ca hi n tng ny l i cng cao. Ti trng chuyn mch T khng b nh hng ca hin tng ny t i mi khe thi gian trong lung cao tc tn hi u PCM m n m nhi m phc v, tt c cc khe th i gian c kt ni mt cch t do m khng nh hng n cht lng phc v. Trong ng dng thc t cc tng i n i ht th trng chuyn mch khng nhng phi kt ni cho knh thoi m cn ph i to knh bo hiu v i u khin nn nu ch vi mt t ng chuyn mch T thi th dung lng ca tng i s qu nh. M t khc, hi n nay nhu cu trao i thng tin rt ln, trong mt tng i nu chng ta ch s dng n l hoc chuy n mch S hoc chuyn mch T th s c mt s kh khn nh: N u ta tng dung lng ln th kch thc ca trng chuyn mch S s tng ln ng ngha vi vic t ng s lng chn ra ca vi mch gy kh kh n cho vic ch to, nu ta tng dung lng ca chuy n mch T th li gp kh khn khu ch to b nh RAM v cc mch logc iu khin lin quan. Nh vy, vic t ng dung lng c a tr ng chuyn mch s cn phi xy dng trng chuy n mch s dng kt hp cc chuyn mch t ng S v T c sn. C rt nhiu phng php kt hp gia hai chuy n mch T v S nh: T-S, S-T, T-ST, S-T-S, T-S-S-T...

63

Vi c u trc chuyn mach TS v ST ch thch hp cho cc tng chuyn mch dung lng nh v va. Nhng vi ph ng n ny xc sut blocking s tng nhanh cng vi s t ng dung lng c a tng chuyn mch T. Do v y cc tng i dung lng va v ln thng dng cu trc c a tng chuyn mch 3 tng va t ng dung l ng l i gi m c blocking. Trc y c u trc S-T-S c s d ng nhiu, nhng t nhng n m cui c a thp nin 70 tr li y cu trc T-S-T chim c u th hn v n c s dng rng ri nht. S d trc S-T-S c s dng nhi u trc y l do trnh cng ngh lc cha pht trin nhiu v trnh chi ph ln cho tc hot ng cao ca vi mch. Ngy nay vi cc u i m v tc c a ca RAM b li c v chi ph gi thnh cho c hai cng ngh chuyn mch T v S nn cu trc T-S-T c s dng nhiu hn. Trong cc tng i dung lng ln, cc chuy n mch tng S c tc dng chia nh trng chuy n mch thnh mt s tng thnh phn nhm hn ch kch thc c a chng do cc cu trc 4 hoc 5 tng T-S-S-T hoc T-S-S-S-T c ng dng. Tuy nhin vic s dng cu trc chuy n mch tng S a tng gim c chi ph gi thnh nhng li phi t ng chi ph gii quyt v n vng n i. Cu trc T-S-T c h s tp chung l 1:1 c th m b o khng x y ra blocking n u s lng khe thi gian n i b qua tng chuyn mch S l 2n-1 trong n l s khe thi gian trong lung PCM vo v ra ca tng chuy n mch T ngo i vi. Tuy nhin thm ch c khi m s lng khe thi gian trong v ngoi bng nhau th cht lng phc v QOS v n rt tt(Khong 3.1017

cho knh c lu lng 0.7 Erl v s tng ln ti 4.7.10-8 khi lu lng knh

l 0.8 Erl). Hn na, do khng phi tt c cc khe thi gian ngoi lung PCM c s dng truyn ti lu lng m s khe thi gian n i thng lun lun c sn cho vic nh tuyn lu l ng qua chuyn mch tng S v ln hn so vi s lng khi thi gian TS ngoi, nh m th m ch c v i

64

nhng knh lu lng cao 0.8 Erl th cht lng d ch v QOS ca T-S-T v n rt tt c th t t 10-8 n 10-10. Vic la chn cu trc c th ph thuc vo nhiu y u t nh phc tp, kch thc trng chuyn mch, lu lng phc v, kch thc Module, kh nng kim tra o th bo dng, m rng dung lng... Vi nhng tnh cht nu ra trn th hi n nay T-S-T c s dng rng ri nht v n c thit kt di dng cc Module c kch thc ph hp v i cng ngh, ng dng thc t v d pht trin, d vn hnh v bo dng. V vy phn tip theo ca n ny em xin i trnh by v cu trc T-S-T. III.2.2. Cu trc trng chuyn mch s. * T ng i chuy n mch s gm cc thnh phn: + SLIC (Subscribers Line Interface Circuit): giao tip ng dy thu bao. + TIC (Trunk Interface Circuit):giao tip trung k . + EIC (Equipment Interface Circuit): Giao tip cc thit b dng chung bo hi u hoc thng bo bng li, thit b chuyn mch nhiu ng... thng c t chc thnh tng nhm. Mi nhm c th c cc chuy n mch ring nh :chuyn mch TEST o th, kim tra; chuyn mch DLSw(Digital Line Switch) ni cc b c p cc phc v DTG (Digital Tone Generator) nh l hi m chung, bo bn, mi quay s..., ni cc b thu tn i u chn s MFR(Multi Frequency Receiver) v dng tp trung ti. Cc nhm thu bao, trung k, thit b dng chung giao ti p v i trng chuy n m ch nhm TDN W (Time Division Network) b ng cc ng PCMvo v PCMra.

MUX/D EMUX

dLsW

SLIC DTG SLIC

PCMvo0
MUX/DEMUX

PCMra0 PvoT PraT

tIC tIC

SLIC

MFR

TEST
SLIC

LOC
DTG

tIC

/DEMUX

65
PCMvo1

SLIC

TDNW (sNW)

LsW

loc

Tu thuc vo dung lng m tng i c th bao gm mt trng chuy n mch hoc mt s trng chuyn mch. nhng tng i v i dung lng va v ln s c mt s trng chuy n mch thc hin mt s chc nng ring bit nh: trng chuy n mch dng tp trung t i cc nhm thu bao, trng chuyn mch dng kim tra o th. tng i c dung lng nh nh t ng i c quan PBX (Private Branch exchange) dung lng khng vt qu vi trm s th tnh n ng ki m tra, o th c th c n gin bt, cc chc nng chuyn mch tho i, bo hiu c tp trung mt trng chuyn mch duy nht. Tu thuc vo tng trng hp ng dng c th m cc trng chuy n mch s c th c cu trc v k thu t khc nhau. III.2.3. Mng chuyn mch T-S-T. Khi chuyn mch s cu trc T-S-T cu to t 3 tng chuyn mch T1, S v T2 kt ni vi nhau nh hnh 3.7.

66

Tng chuyn mch thi gian T1 pha u vo kt ni khe thi gian vo vi mt khe thi gian ri no trong ng dn Bus dn ti u vo ca tng chuyn mch khng gian S. Trong khi tng chuyn mch thi gian T2 pha u ra kt ni khe thi gian c chn t chuyn mch tng S ti khe thi gian ra theo yu cu. Nh vy cuc gi c kt ni qua trng chuyn mch c th c nh tuyn qua tng vi bt k khe thi gian thch hp no. Ph hp vi tnh cht v ng dng ca cc lung ghp knh s cao tc PCM t bn ngoi vo/ra khi chuyn mch T-S-T, cc chuyn mch thi gian tng T1 lm vic theo ch SWRR cn cc chuyn mch thi gian tng T2 ngc li lm vic theo ch RWSR. Ngoi ra u im ca ch hot ng c la chn trn y lm cho vic iu khin ni b khi chuyn mch tr nn r rng, n gin v d thc hin hn. Thng thng dugn lng ca cc chuyn mch thi gian T khong 1024 TS, cn kch thc ca ma trn chuyn mch S l 8x8, 16x16 v 64x64 ng cao tc HW(High Way). Trn hnh 3.7 gii thch qu trnh thc hin nhim v chuyn mch ca khi chuyn mch cu trc T-S-T, n ch r cc s liu iu khin m CC to v np vo cc C-Mem d iu khin qu trnh chuyn mch phc v cho cuc ni gia khe thi gian TS#4 ca lung s cao tc u vo 0 ICHW#1 qua khe thi gian trung gian TS#6 ca lung tn hiu PCM cao tc u ra 2 OGHW#1 qua khe thi gian trung gian TS#15 tng chuyn mch khng gian S Kh thng ca cu trc ny ch ph thuc vo iu kin chn khe thi gian trung gian v y l php chn t do nn vic chn n cng rt thun tin, linh hot dn n kh thng ca cu trc ny rt cao. Kh thng c a cu trc S-T-S ph thuc nhi u vo s b chuy n mch thi gian khu TXB v dung lng c a tng b chuyn mch . Khi ch n b chuyn mch thi gian cho mi yu cu chuyn mch, do ph i tho mn iu ki n l knh u vo v knh u ra cn cho yu cu chuy n mch trn b chuy n mch thi gian c chn u phi cha b s dng cho yu

67

cu chuy n mch khc nn khi s b chuyn mch thi gian t th d gy ra tn tht cuc gi do khng c b chuyn mch thi gian no tho mn ng thi i u ki n .

Hnh 3.6. Trng chuyn mch s T-S-T

68

III.3. IU KHIN CHUYN MCH S. III.3.1. S khi chc n ng. Thnh ph n iu khin ca khi chuy n mch theo chc nng c chia thnh ba phn chnh g m h thng i u khi n trung tm CC, b iu khin khi chuy n mch v i u khi n qu trnh chuy n mch nh hnh v 3.7 minh ho.
Khi tp trung thu bao Khi chuyn mch trung tm

.v K

.v K

.v K

.v K

.v K

B K khi C/m

B iu khin khi chuyn mch

H th ng iu khin trung tm

69

H th ng i u khi n trung tm CC: m nhi m chc nng iu khin mc cao cho tt c cc hot ng c a h thng chuy n mch bao gm cc chc nng x l cuc gi. Trong mt h th ng chuy n mch c th ch c mt khi chuy n mch. Mi khi chuy n mch c b i u khi n khi chuyn mch ring ca n, m i chuy n mch tng S/T l i c n v iu khin ring cu thnh t cc b nh iu khi n lin kt vi mch Logic iu khin ng b. Sau y s l cch thc cc h thng iu khi n thi t lp u ni qua khi chuyn mch. B i u khin chuy n mch c chc n ng m bo vic qu n l tt c cc khe thi gian qua khi chuyn mch. N bao gm cc cng vic sau: + Thit lp knh ni. + Gii phng knh. + Chun b kt ni. + Theo di knh ni. + Kim tra knh ni. + Hi tr ng thi knh (Bn, ri...). Cc knh n i qua kh i chuyn mch thng thng l knh 2 chi u. Tuy nhin, i khi cc knh mt chi u cng c th c thit lp truyn thng tin gim st i u khin hoc cnh bo. S khi u cho m i yu cu ca cuc gi v vic thit lp knh ni qua khi chuy n mch s ph thuc v ho t ng x l cuc gi xy ra trong h thng iu khin trung tm. Trn c s cc kt qu ca hot ng x l cuc gi, h thng iu khin trung tm s lnh cho cc b i u khi n kh i

70

chuy n mch lin quan thi t lp, duy tr hay gii phng knh ni gia cc khe thi gian xc nh c a khi chuyn mch s.
Khe thi gian gi vo
M bn tin M ton tc M tng C/m IT# M lung PCM M TS#

Khe thi gian gi ra

M tng C/m IT# M lung PCM M TS# M sa li

Hnh 3.8.a : Format bn tin kiu 1(T CC n b K kh i C/m)

M bn tin

Trng tin

M bn tin tham kho M pht hin li

Hnh 3.8.b: Format bn tin kiu 2 (B K kh i C/m ti CC)

Tng chuyn mch IT M tng C/m IT# Ni dung C-Mem B P Tng chuyn mch S M ct Ni dung C-Mem Tng chuyn mch OT M tng C/m OT# Ni dung C-Mem B P

Hnh 3.8.c. Bn tin kiu 3 (T b Kkhi C/m ti b K khi C/m) Hnh 3.8. Cc Format bn tin iu khin khi chuyn mch Cc lnh iu khi n t h thng i u khi n trung tm ti b iu khi n khi chuy n mch thng thng c truyn di d ng bn tin mc cao sao cho t c hi u qu i u khi n cao v ti a s dng cc tnh nng ca cc b x l trong h thng iu khi n trung tm. V d v Format bn tin ca lnh iu khin c minh ho trn hnh 3.8 Format bn tin hnh 3.8 s dng mt s trng s li u c bit. Mc d Format b n tin thc t kiu bn tin lo i 1 s rt khc nhau tu thuc vo thit k ca nh cung cp khc nhau, song mt s trng s liu di y s lun khng thay i. 1.M ton tc: S li u ny ch th yu c u knh ni s c thit lp, chu n b, gim st hay gi i phng... m ho ton tc t 1-6 m t trn y cho c 2 kiu knh n hng hay song hng cc trng s li u 4 bt c yu cu.

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2. Nhm trng s liu khe thi gian u vo: Nhm trng s liu ny ch r a ch vo di dng m s tng chuyn mch S/T, m s lung PCM v m s khe thi gian trong lung tn hiu s PCM. Mc d l mt a ch n l nhng n nhn dng c hai khe thi gian thu v pht ti u vo ca tng chuyn mch. Kch thc ca hai trng s liu u tin ph thuc vo s lng tng chuyn mch u vo v s lng lung PCM trong tng chuyn mch tng ng. Trng s liu m s khe thi gian c dung lng 5 bt i vi cc lung PCM32 v PCM24 knh. 3. Nhm trng s liu khe thi gian ra: Nhm trng s li u ny ch ra cc a ch khe thi gian tra trong khun d ng Format bn tin tng t nh Format bn tin ca nhm trng s liu khe thi gian u vo m t trn. 4. M pht hin l i v sa sai: Trng s liu ny c a Format bn tin cho php b iu khin khi chuyn mch pht hi n bt k s sai li no x y ra trong bn tin m n gy ra trong qu trnh truyn tin t h thng iu khin trung tm n b iu khin khi chuy n mch. Mt kiu m nh vy c th n gi n l ki m tra ch n l hay phc tp hn l m CRC (Cyclic Redundance Code). 5. M bn tin: Mi mt bn tin cn c gn mt nhn vi m s n gin c trng cho vic xc nh chu n chui lin ti p cc bn tin pht v x l. Vic s d ng m bn tin nh trn cho php b i u khin khi chuy n mch c th thng bo cho h thng i u khi n trung tm bit c mt b n tin c th no nhn c cha sai li v nh yu cu h thng i u khi n trung tm pht l i bn tin. Khi thu b n tin loi 1, b iu khin kh i chuy n mch thc thi cc vi l nh. Trong trng hp yu cu cn thit lp knh b i u khin khi chuy n mch s s thc hin cc th tc tm ng v chn mt knh n i qua trng chuyn mch. H thng i u khin trung tm sau s phi a ra

72

thng bo v vic ng ni tm c. T ng t nh vy, cc bn tin cn ph i ch th r ng knh ni c gii phng hay chu n b sn sng v.v... Cc bn tin ngc li t h thng iu khi n trung tm ti b iu khi n khi chuyn mch cn ph i cha cc trng s liu nh minh ho trn hnh 3.8.b c th nh: 6. M bn tin tham kho: Trng s li u ny cha m nhn d ng c a bn tin t h th ng i u khin trung tm m b n tin ny s c quan h sau vi n. 7. Trng tin : Tr ng s li u ny cha cc thng tin s c gi t i h th ng i u khi n trung tm. B n tin c gi i theo ki u: Knh c thit lp, Khng c knh kh d ng, B n tin tr c thu saiv.v.. 8. M bn tin v m sa sai: Cc trng s liu ny c ngha t ng t nh m t trong b n tin loi 1. Trong trng hp thit lp knh ni phc v cho cuc g i, b i u khin khi chuy n mch s c n ph i xc nh c cc a ch c a cc t ng chuy n mch sao cho cc t ng chuy n m ch S/T s m bo cung cp c cc knh theo yu cu, sau b i u khin khi chuy n mch s np cc s li u yu c u c th vo cc a ch nh c th ca cc b nh iu khi n CMem. Format ca b n tin cn gi t b iu khin khi chuyn mch ti m i mt n v iu khin chuyn mch tng S hay tng T tng ng. Cc thng tin chnh bao gm: i ch ca b nh C-Mem; a ch c a nh C-Mem; n i dung s li u trong nh C-Mem. Mt bn tin c th s dng cho bn tin loi III trao i thng tin gia i u khin khi chuy n mch v cc n v iu khi n chuyn mch c a cc tng S/T c minh ho trn hnh 3.9. Cu trc bn tin g m 3 nhm trng s

73

li u dng cho vic i u khin cc tng chuyn mch thi gian pha u vo, chuy n mch khng gian S v cc t ng chuy n mch thi gian pha u ra tng ng.
IT# S# OT#

IT#

TS#

C t #

N i dung C-Mem

OT#

TS#

B P

a. Thit lp knh ni
IT# 0 B P 1 0 P OT# 0 B P

b. Gii phng knh Hnh 3.9. V d bn tin lo i 3 1.Nhm trng s liu chuyn mch tng T u vo Tr ng s li u u tin trong nhm ny xc nh m s mt chuyn mch thi gian tng T c th. Trng s liu th 2 cha ni dung cn phi ghi vo b nh i u khin C-Mem tc l a ch nh hay ch s khe thi gian u vo TS#. C hai tr ng s liu 1 bt cn b sung lin quan ti n v iu khi n chuy n mch thi gian u vo l bt Bn/Ri v bt Chn m trn s 3.9 bi u tng bng k t B v P tng ng. Bt B b i u khin khi chuyn mch dng ch th trng thi Bn/R i ca cc khe thi gian TS# ra ca chuyn mch thi gian t ng T pha u vo, cn bt P dng cho vic pht hi n sai li khi thu bn tin. Cc thng tin ny s c s dng tm mt khe thi gian trung gian ri nh tuy n qua chuy n mch t ng S ti mt chuy n mch tng T pha u ra. Cho d s thit lp mt cch tch bit cc b nh trong b iu khin khi chuyn mch b tr sp xp trng thi c a cc khe thi gian ra, bt Bn/Ri c th d dng truy nhp c vo ni dung ca cc b nh i u khi n C-Mem c a cc tng chuyn mch thi gian

74

u vo. Cho nn khi c np bi b n tin loi 3, mi nh ca CMem trong mt chuy n mch t ng T u vo s cha cc a ch cc nh ca b nh T-Mem v bt B s lp gi tr 0 hoc a ch Zero. Bt B s lp gi tr 1 tng ng vi vic cuc gi c s dng khe thi gian ra ca n trong qu trnh hay khng. 2. Nhm trng s liu chuy n mch khng gian t ng S- Trng s li u u tin trong nhm ny xc nh ct no ca chuy n mch t ng S v b nh iu khin C-Mem tng ng lin quan s c nh a ch (Nu chuyn mch khng gian tng S c iu khin theo hng th trng s liu u tin s cha a ch hng). i vi khi chuy n mch s m c s tranh chp mt vi chuyn mch tng S th phn u tin ca ch s m ct s c n ph i c ch r tng chuyn mch no c a ch ho. Bt P y cng c dng vi mc ch nh trn. 3. Nhm tr ng s liu chuy n mch thi gian t ng T u ra- Format bn tin nhm ny cha 4 trng s li u tng t nh i vi n v iu khi n chuy n mch tng T u vo v tho lu n k trn dy, ngoi tr bt B y c lin quan n trng thi bn r i c a cc khe thi gian u vo ch khng ph i u ra chu c a trng chuy n mch tng T pha u vo ca tr ng chuyn mch s. III.3.2. Thut ton chn knh ri. Th tc ch n knh ri cho khi chuy n mch s cu trc T-S-T bao g m vic tm cc khe thi gian trung gian ri qua chuyn mch khng gian tng S. Khe thi gian ny ph i c la chn sao cho n l r i c pha u ra ca tng chuyn mch thi gian u vo IT# v c pha u vo c a t ng chuy n mch thi gian u ra OT#. Trng thi B n/Ri ca mi trong s hai tp khe thi gian c biu th bng bt B trong cc nh tng ng ca cc b nh iu khi n C-Mem. Phng php ch n knh ri s d ng mt cch n

75

gin l x l tm ki m s trng khp cc khe th i gian r i nh vic ki m tra cc bt Bn/Ri t hai tp cc chuy n mch thi gian T. C ch chn ng n i c thc hin trong phm vi b iu khi n khi chuy n mch m n thng c xy dng trn c s k thut vi x l v n thc hin vic tm ki m bng cch ti n hnh mt s qu trnh x l logic s. Phng php ph bi n nht l s dng mt mt n nh sau: Trng thi Bn/R i c a mi nh ca b nh iu khin C-Mem c a chuy n mch t ng T s c nh m trong kho ng mi khe thi gian trong thnah ghi trng thi ca b iu khi n kh i chuyn mch. Thanh ghi ny cha hai trng s li u- Mt trng gi m tr ng thi cho cc OT#. Trong khong thi gian ca mi khe th i gian TS tt c cc bt bn t ng ng u c trnh din trong thanh ghi trng thi. V d nh trong thi gian TS19 tt c cc bt bn t nh th 19 c a tt c cc b nh C-Mem u c trnh din. Vic la chn ng tuy nhin c lin quan vi vic trng hp cc khe thi gian r i ch x y ra trong tng chuyn mch IT# v OT# m chng c ch r b i h thng iu khi n trung tm. Nh vy, b iu khin khi chuyn mch s to mt t Logic nh phn c di bng di ca thanh ghi tr ng thi. N cha cc gi tr Zero trong tt c cc v tr bt, tr hai v tr tng ng vi cc b nh C-Mem ca IT# v OT# yu cu. T Logic ny cn gi l Mt n v n c lu m trong thanh ghi ch n. Khi mt khe thi gian ri (Trng thi 1) xut hin trong hai b nh C-Mem theo s ki m tra, kt qu ca php ton t AND s c t gi tr 1 trong c hai na ca thanh ghi kt qu. V d ny c minh ho trn hnh 3.10

76

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
Mt n chn knh

Thanh ghi trng thi

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Thanh ghi kt

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 Hnh 3.10. V d v chn knh ri

qu

Nh v y s c sn cc knh thi gian ni b ri kh dng qua chuyn mch t ng S c xc nh bi vic ki m tra kt qu khc 0 trong c hai trng s liu ca thanh ghi k t qu ca mi khe thi gian hin ti. Khe thi gian ni b c chn sau s c s dng to cc bn tin loi III cn thit thit lp knh ni qua khi chuyn mch. B iu khin khi chuyn mch c th yu cu chun b trc knh n i. Trong trng hp ny bn tin loi III c th c to ra m n cha cc gi tr 0 trong hai trng s liu B v n thun ni dung Zero trong ba trng s liu b nh C-Mem. Cch thc hot ng m b i u khi n khi chuyn mch s dng mt n tm ki u mt knh ri c nh h ng ti mc phc v ca h thng. C mt vi thut ton tm ki m knh r i c s dng trong cc h thng chuy n mch s hin i v mi thut ton s cho cc c trng lu lng cng nh phc tp i u khin khc nhau. III.3.3. an ton v tin cy ca khi chuyn mch s. Cc khi chuy n mch s hi n i c dung l ng rt ln, do bn thn chng cng cc thit b iu khin lin quan cn phi c m bo an ton tin cy cao bi v mt hng hc nh c th gy ra hu qu nghim trng cho ton b h thng. Cc h thng chuyn mch u cui cng cng hin i yu cu thi gian hng hc vi chu k kho ng 20-40 nm tu thuc

77

vo tnh n ng qun l. Do ch c mt trong s cc cu kin c a h thng, kh i chuy n mch t n cn ph i m bo ch mt phn nh trong t sut hng hc ton b h thng. iu ny yu cu phi xem xt cn nhc thn trng v n m bo tin c ycao ca cc khi chuy n mch s bi v dung lng knh ca chng khng l v kh i lng cu kin ph n cng ln. Gi s nh n u hng m t ph n cng mt Bus lung PCM n i b gia tng T v tng S c th s lm tn th t 1024 knh truyn dn. Bo v an ton mt cch c hiu qu v n gin nh t cho trng chuy n mch s c th thc hin b ng hai gii php: Thit kt ch to theo module v trang b d phng kp nh s minh ho trn hnh 3.11 Tng S
SW#
TT ng ng TT TT ng ng TT

SW#

SW#

TT ng ng TT

H thng iu khin trung tm CC

Hnh 3.11. Trang b d phng kp khi chuyn mch s

Theo ph ng n d phng kp ngha l khi chuy n mch c thit k ch to t hai na kh i hon ton ging nhau v m i na khi gi l mt Mt (Plane hoc Side). Mi cuc n i s c thit lp ng thi vi hai knh d n song song ng nht qua cc mt A v B ca khi chuy n mch, trong mt mt lm vic thc s (Mt tch cc) kt ni knh vo/ra phc

78

v cuc gi, cn mt kia l d phng sao cho n u m t tch c c c v n th n s t ng thay th.

CHNG IV: PHN H CHUYN MCH TRONG TNG I ALCATEL A1000E10.

IV.1. GII THIU CHUNG V TRNG CHUYN MCH. Ngy nay trn mng vin thng Vit nam xut hin rt nhiu cc lo i tng i ca cc hng khc nhau nh TDX, AXE, NEAX 61, Alcatel... nhng mi tng i th phn h chuyn mch ca chng c cu t o khc nhau p ng cc yu cu v chc nng, v tr ca chng. Trong chng ny, do thi gian c h n nn em xin c trnh by phn h chuyn mch trong tng i Alcatel 1000E10 ca Php, mt tng i ang c s d ng rng ri v ph bi n trn m ng vin thng Vit nam. IV.2. CU TRC CA TRNG CHUYN MCH TRONG TNG I ALCATEL 1000E10 (OCB-283). Cu trc trng chuyn mch trong tng i Alcatel c c u trc Modul v hon ton kp. N c cu trc nh sau: Cc tr m (SMT, SMA) hoc CSNL Ma trn chuyn mch chnh CCX Cc trm (SMT, SMA) hoc CSNL

MCXB LRB LA LA SMT SMA CSNL SAB SAB LRA MCXA LRB SAB SAB LRA LA LA SMT SMA CSNL

Hnh 4.1: C u trc ma tr n chuyn m ch trong tng i Alcatel

79

Trng chuyn mch bao g m h thng ma tr n chuyn mch chnh CCX c u n i vi cc n v thu bao s ni ht CSNL, v cc tr m i u khin trung k SMT hoc cc trm iu khin thit b ph tr. IV.2.1. H thng ma tr n chuyn m ch chnh CCX. IV.2.1.1. Chc nng ca CCX. CCX thit lp u ni cc knh thi gian ca cc n v u ni thu bao ni ht CSNL v cc tr m SMA, SMT. - u ni n hng bt k mt knh vo no (VE) vi bt k mt knh ra no (VS). S lng cuc u ni ng th i bng s lng knh ra. C th u n i bt k mt knh vo no vi M knh ra. - u n i N knh vo thuc cng cu trc khung vi N knh ra. Chc nng ny cn gi l u n i a knh Nx64 Kb/s. - u ni 2 hng gia nhm gi A v nhm b gi B s dng 2 cuc ni v hng. Ngoi chc n ng trn CCX cn m bo: - Chuyn mch gia thi t b ph tr v knh thoi v cc hot ng bo hiu t n s v m thanh. - Phn b ng thi cc Tone v b n tin thng bo n cc knh ra. - Chuy n mch c nh gia cc knh s liu hoc knh bo hiu s 7 gia trung k v trung k hoc gia mch v thit b ph tr SMA. IV.2.1.2. T chc ca CCX. c im chnh c a ma tr n chuy n mch l: H th ng ma trn chuyn mch kp c cha cc thi t b chn nhnh v khuch i SAB, mt ma tr n chuy n mch chnh MCX v cc ng n i ma trn LR. Cc ng ni ma tr n c chia thnh LRA (i vi nhnh A) v LRB (i vi nhnh B). Hn na quan st t MCX, mi LR g m mt ng vo LRE v mt ng ra LRS. - C u trc kp hon ton (2 nhnh CCXA v CCXB) vi mt t ng chuy n mch phn chia theo thi gian T.

80

- Vi c m r ng t i 2048 tuy n n i PCM trn 1 nhnh m khng gy ra gin o n. - Chuy n m ch 16 bt qua m i khe th i gian trong c 3 bt ginh cho d phng. - Modul chuy n mch 64 LR. IV.2.2. Khuch i chn nhnh SAB. SAB c lp t trong cc ngn my c a cc n v u ni u ni vi CCX. Cc thnh ph n n v ny gm: CSNL, SMT v SMA c gi tn theo trt t thuc v 1 nhm gi l cc n v u ni hay UR. Chc nng chnh ca n l thc hi n giao tip gia cc UR v 2 nhnh MCXA v MCXB. N thu v truy n cc LA n t cc UR v pht cc lin kt LAa cho MCXA v LAb cho MCXB. * Hot ng x l ca SAB. - Khuch i cc ng ma trn LR trn ng pht v ng thu. - Chuy n i thch ng gia 8/16 bt: T c l bi n i t ng thm nh p LA c 8 bt trong m t khe th i gian sang ng m ng LR c 16 bt trong m t khe th i gian. - X l 3 bt i u khin. - Chn nhnh. - Giao ti p phn b th i gian gi a cc UR v ma tr n chuy n m ch ch MCX. - Giao tip ng xm nhp LA trn h ng pht v h ng thu. Hot ng ca SAB c m t di hnh v. CAL: Parity Calculate- tnh ton ch n l. : Parity Check- Kim tra chn l. COMP: Comparision bit by bit- So snh tng bt.

81

PHA PHT
LAE SAB A CAL
LR S

PHA THU
M C X A
LR S

SAB A
COMP

CAL LAE SAB B

LR S

M C X B

LR S

COMP

SAB A

Hnh 4.2: La chn v khuch i nhnh SAB IV.2.3. Ma trn chuyn mch MCX. MCX c cu trc hon ton kp, gm 2 pha A v B. M i pha gm t 1 n 8 trm iu khi n u ni SMX. Mi tr m SMX c th x l 256 ng ni ma trn vo v 256 ng ni ma trn ra bn trong cc giao tip ng m ng lin lc c a n (ILR).. Mi mt ma trn chuyn mch theo thi gian c kh n ng iu khin va chuy n mch bt k mt khe thi gian no t 2048 ng LR vo vi khe thi gian bt k c a 256 ng LR ra. Trang thi t b kiu Modul v i: - 64 ng ma trn cho chuyn mch thi gian. - 16 ng ma trn cho giao tip ng mng.

82

83

256 LRE 0 - 255

ILR

MA TR N 2048 X 256 0

SMX1 ILR
256 LRS 0 - 255

B ph i hp ma trn
BSM

CMP

MAS

256 LRE

ILR

256-511

MA TR N 2048 X 256 1

SMX1 ILR
256 LRS

256-511
B ph i hp ma trn
BSM

CMP

MAS

MA TR N 2048 X 256
256 LRE

SMX8 ILR
256 LRS

1792-2047 B ph i hp ma trn
BSM

CMP

MAS

1792-2047

7
ILR

Hnh 4.3: C u trc chung ca mt nhnh ma trn chuyn mch IV.2.4. Tr m iu khin chuyn mch SMX.

84

Cu to ca mt SMX. + 01 b phi hp dn knh chnh (CMP-Main Multuplex Coupler) dng cho vic thng tin 2 chi u trn MAS v thc hi n chc n ng x l cho phn m m iu khi n ma trn chuyn mch COM. + 01 b ph i h p ( Coupler) cho giao di n chuy n m ch phn knh theo th i gian. + Cc giao din u ni ma trn ILR cho ti a 256 ng i vo ma trn LRE v 256 ng i ra khi ma trn LRS. + Mt ma trn chuyn mch phn chia theo thi gian c dung lng ti a 2048 LRE x 256 LRS. 256 LRE
GIAO DIN NG NI MA TRN (ILR)

LCXE

n SMX khc

B GHP MA TRN BSM

MA TRN HUYN MCH PHN KNH THEO THI GIAN

T i a c 1792 LCXE t cc SMX khc

B GHP KNH CHNH (CMP)

2048 LRE 256

256 LCXS Trm a truy nhp MAS

GIAO DIN NG NI MA TRN (ILR)

256 LRS Hnh 4.4: Cu trc ca SMX

85

LRE: tuy n vo ma trn. CMP: b phi hp dn knh chnh. l.

LRS: tuyn ra ma tr n. BUS: bus gia cc trm vi x

LCXE: tuyn ni b ca MCX i t SMX ny n 1 SMX khc. ILR: giao di n ng n i ma tr n. IV.2.5. Giao tip lnh. Vai tr ca ph n giao tip l nh l: - Nhn qua MAS cc lnh do cc trm SMC chuyn t i. - Vit v c cc lnh vo b nh l nh. - X l cc chc n ng iu khin. - Chuyn cc p ng ti SMC. - Giao tip vi STS. B x l v chc n ng kt n i ca coupler ghp ni t i MAS hon ton gi ng nh c a SMC. C 3 kiu bng mch in. - Coupler chnh CMP: ACAJA, ACAJB. - Coupler ma trn: RCMP. MAS

B kt ni ma trn a c a j b CMP a c a j b BSM r c m p Bus ni tip n cc bng ma tr n (RCMT v RCID)

Hnh 4.5: Phn giao tip lnh

86

IV.2.6. Phn giao tip ng ma trn RCID. N thc hi n chc nng sau: - Giao ti p v i ng ma tr n i n ho c i t thi t b la ch n nhnh SAB, t c l: + Phn b cc ng ma tr n LR theo d ng ph hp vi cc ma trn trn cc phn t ma trn ca tt c cc trm chuyn mch khc ca nhnh. + Chuyn cc thng tin thu c t ma trn ca trm chuyn c lin quan n cc SAB trn cc LR ra. + X l cc bt ki m tra kt qu n t cc b khuch i UR. + Phn b cc ng ng h n UR. + Kch hot cc kim tra bng yu cu u ni, truyn. + Trang b kiu Modul: 16 ng LR, 01 bng RCID thc hin chc nng giao tip LR cho 16 LR ra v 16 LR vo. 4S giao tip ma tr n c th hi n trn hnh v.
16 LCXE

16 LCXE 16 LCXS 16 LCXE

RCID 1

16 LCXS 16 LCXE

MA TR N U NI

256 LRE + 256 LRS

16 LCXS

RCID 1

16 LCXS

. . .
16 LCXE 16 LCXS 16 LCXE

RCID 1

16 LCXS

C ti 1792 LCXE n t 112 RCID lin kt ti 7 SMX khc Hnh 4.6: Phn giao tip vi LR 87

IV.2.7. Phn ma trn u n i. Chc n ng c a ma tr n u n i l chuy n m ch b t k m t knh vo v i b t k m t knh ra. Ho t ng: D a trn c s s d ng ph ng th c xm nh p b nh m t cch i ng u (Truy nh p kp) . * Kiu b nh i u khi n: a ch knh vo th i c lin quan n vic u n i gia knh vo th i v knh ra th j c lu tr ti mi a ch c a b nh iu khi n, a ch phi ph hp vi a ch ca knh ra th j. + B nh ny c vi t d i s i u khi n c a n v i u khi n v c c ra t i th i i m c a c s th i gian BT. * Kiu b nh m: Cho php lu gi cc mu c lin quan n 2 khung, lm vic theo nhp c s thi gian v v tr lu tr s theo th t ging nh th t khung v cc khe thi gian. Vic c ra c thc hin di s iu khin ca b nh iu khin. Vic c v ghi s c thay i mi khung. Ma trn chuyn mch c dung lng cc i l 2048 ng ma trn vo v 256 ng ma trn ra. N c xy d ng t hai Module 1024 LRE x256 LRS, cc Module ny c xy dng t cc khi chuy n mch c s. Hnh 4.7 s m t cu trc ca ma trn chuyn mch 2048LRx256LR. Nh v y, ma trn chuyn mch theo thi gian ca SMX c to thnh t s sp xp 32 ct, mi ct c 4 khi chuyn mch c s cho php ti a 2048 LRE v 256 LRS. Bt k mt kt ni no ca ma trn chuyn mch thi gian u ch thc hin qua mt khi chuy n mch c s.

88

64

64

64

Basic Block 1.1

Basic Block 2.1

.......

Basic Block 32.1

64 LRS

Basic Block 1..2

Basic Block 2.2

.......

Basic Block 32.2

64 LRS

Basic Block 1.3

Basic Block 2.3

.......

Basic Block 32.3

64 LRS

Basic Block 1.4

Basic Block 2.4

.......

Basic Block 32.4

64 LRS IV.2.8. B ng ma4.7: trn RCMT. Hnh Ma trn chuyn mch theo thi gian Bng mch in ny g m 4 ma trn vung 64*64 n c cu thnh t 2 bng u xen nhau to ra cc cu trc ca trng chuyn mch v i kch thc ph hp. Vic u xen c thc hin pha trc b ng mch in.

89

Cc ng truyn dn xm nhp vo bng ny vi tc 4 Mb/s, hot ng ni vi tc 16 Mb/s. S cu to bng ma tr n c cho trn hnh v sau:

RCMP

64 LCSM RCID 64 LCXE RCMTj 64 LCSM

RCSM0 RCSM1

16 LXS

16 LXE 64 LCSM

RCSM2 RCSM3

RCID

64 LCXE

RCMTj+1

64 LCSM

Hnh 4.8: Bng m ch in ma trn RCMT

Trn c s cu trc ca s khi tng qut trnh by trn, di y ta s m t chi tit cc phng n ghp kt hp cc bng mch in chu n RCMT to ra cc trng chuy n mch c kch thc tiu chun yu cu. Di y ta s l n lt i xt cc trng chuyn mch c kch thc 64*64, 128*128, 256*256 v cu i cng l trng chuyn mch c kch thc cc i ca tng i Alcatel l 2048*2048. - Ma trn vung 64*64. Trong m t tm card RCMT clp rp ng thi 4 Modul c s 64*64. Trong trng hp ch c n ma tr n chuy n mch kch thc 64*64 th

90

ch cn s dng 1 Modul c s c a 1 bng mch in RCMT. Tuy nhin, khi cn tng dung lng trng chuy n mch th c u trc b ng mch in s th hin tnh linh hot v hiu qu kinh t ca n.

Ta s thy r hn v tnh linh hot ca bng mch in RCMT khi thit k cc trng chuy n mch c kch thc ln hn 64*64. Cch s d ng trong hai b ng mch in chu n RCMT0 v RCMT1 to nn ma trn chuyn mch 128*128 c th hi n trn hnh 4.10.

1 CXE (063) RCMT0

64*64 1

64*64 2

1 6 1

91
LCSM0

92

IV.2.9. Phng v u ni. IV.2.9.1. Thu t ton phng v u n i. C u trc c a h th ng n i trong OC B-283 c c u trc kp, s d ng 2 pha ng nh t. Cc cu c u n i c thc hi n c hai pha 1 cch ng th i, c u trc kp ny c c p c n UR. Cc u n i ph i c theo di, qu n l bi t s c c th x y ra trong t ng pha. Nu mt pha chuyn mch b s c hoc hng hc hon ton th lu lng khng b gi m. Ma trn chuyn mch ch x l cc khe thi gian 16 bt. - 8 bt cho knh ti ng. - 5 bt cha s dng. - 3 bt c s dng cho phng v v u ni. IV.2.9.2. Kim tra u ni. Ki m tra u n i c thc hin theo 2 kiu c nh v theo yu cu. * Ki m tra c nh. Da vo vic so snh c nh cc s liu vo ra t hai pha chuy n mch. Mt khc cn da vo bt chn l ki m tra tng knh mt. - Mc ch ca ki m tra ch ra cc sai li, cc trng thi khng bnh thng trong 1 hot ng 1 cch nhanh nht v vn hnh chn la t ng trn nhnh chnh xc. * Ki m tra theo yu cu. - Mc ch c a kim tra ny l nh n bit li trong u ni v cn pht hin sai li m ki m tra chn l khng nh n bit c. - Cc kim tra ny thng c hot ho hon thnh 1 cch trn vn cc kim tra c nh v n ch cp n 1 s lng hu hn ng thi.

93

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