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    Urea Cycle

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    Luvita Bazlina Gunawan Yusa
    The document summarizes the five step urea cycle, which occurs in the liver and involves the conversion of ammonia to urea for excretion. The cycle requires energy in the form of ATP. In the first two steps, which occur in the mitochondria, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I uses ATP to produce carbamoyl phosphate from ammonia and bicarbonate. Ornithine transcarbamoylase then uses carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine to form citrulline. The remaining three steps occur in the cytosol and convert citrulline and other substrates to urea, which is excreted from the body.

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    Urea Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Luvita Bazlina Gunawan Yusa
    38 views21 pages
    The document summarizes the five step urea cycle, which occurs in the liver and involves the conversion of ammonia to urea for excretion. The cycle requires energy in the form of ATP. In the first two steps, which occur in the mitochondria, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I uses ATP to produce carbamoyl phosphate from ammonia and bicarbonate. Ornithine transcarbamoylase then uses carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine to form citrulline. The remaining three steps occur in the cytosol and convert citrulline and other substrates to urea, which is excreted from the body.

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    Proses of the urea cycle pokoknya terbentuknta urea

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    The document summarizes the five step urea cycle, which occurs in the liver and involves the conversion of ammonia to urea for excretion. The cycle requires energy in the form of ATP. In the first two steps, which occur in the mitochondria, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I uses ATP to produce carbamoyl phosphate from ammonia and bicarbonate. Ornithine transcarbamoylase then uses carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine to form citrulline. The remaining three steps occur in the cytosol and convert citrulline and other substrates to urea, which is excreted from the body.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    38 views21 pages

    Urea Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Luvita Bazlina Gunawan Yusa
    The document summarizes the five step urea cycle, which occurs in the liver and involves the conversion of ammonia to urea for excretion. The cycle requires energy in the form of ATP. In the first two steps, which occur in the mitochondria, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I uses ATP to produce carbamoyl phosphate from ammonia and bicarbonate. Ornithine transcarbamoylase then uses carbamoyl phosphate and ornithine to form citrulline. The remaining three steps occur in the cytosol and convert citrulline and other substrates to urea, which is excreted from the body.

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    of 21

    TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN :

    Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan :

    Organ yang berperan dan lokasi terjadinya siklus


    urea 5 tahap siklus urea

    Sumber Pustaka
    DB Marks. 2000. Biokimia Kedokteran Dasar. Jakarta. EGC DK Kusmiyati, Setyawati AN, Ngestiningsih D, Kristina TN. 2011. Buku Ajar Biokimia. Bagian Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro. Semarang.

    SIKLUS UREA
    Jalur Utama pembuangan amonia Pembentukan urea hanya terjadi di Hepar. Hanya 2 reaksi pertama terjadi mitokondria

    Semua reaksi setelahnya terjadi di sitosol.

    Steps of Urea Cycle

    Mitochondrion

    1
    2 ATP + HCO3- + NH3 Carbamoyl phosphate + 2 ADP + Pi Pi Ornithine

    Citrulline

    Ornithine Urea H2O Arginine

    Urea cycle

    Citrulline ATP

    3 5
    AMP + PPi Argininosuccinate

    Aspartate

    4
    Cytosol Fumarate

    Malate

    Oxaloacetate

    REAKSI TAHAP 1
    Enzim yang berperan carbamoyl phosphate synthetase-I Membutuhkan 2 molekul ATP. Enzim ini kunci siklus urea Diaktifkan oleh Nacetyl glutamate.

    Mitochondrion

    1
    2 ATP + HCO3- + NH3 Carbamoyl phosphate + 2 ADP + Pi Pi Ornithine

    Citrulline

    Ornithine Urea H2O Arginine

    Urea cycle

    Citrulline ATP

    3 5
    AMP + PPi Argininosuccinate

    Aspartate

    4
    Cytosol Fumarate

    Malate

    Oxaloacetate

    REAKSI TAHAP 2 Reaksi terjadi di mitokondria Enzim yang berperan ornithine transcarbamoylase Karbamoil fosfat + ornithine sitrulin Sitrulin keluar menuju sitosol

    Mitochondrion

    1
    2 ATP + HCO3- + NH3 Carbamoyl phosphate + 2 ADP + Pi Pi Ornithine

    Citrulline

    Ornithine Urea H2O Arginine

    Urea cycle

    Citrulline ATP

    3 5
    AMP + PPi Argininosuccinate

    Aspartate

    4
    Cytosol Fumarate

    Malate

    Oxaloacetate

    REAKSI TAHAP 3 Terjadi di sitosol Enzim : argininosuccinate syntethase Sitrulin + aspartat arginino suksinat Reaksi ini ATP dependent, menghasilkan AMP dan P.

    Mitochondrion

    1
    2 ATP + HCO3- + NH3 Carbamoyl phosphate + 2 ADP + Pi Pi Ornithine

    Citrulline

    Ornithine Urea H2O Arginine

    Urea cycle

    Citrulline ATP

    3 5
    AMP + PPi Argininosuccinate

    Aspartate

    4
    Cytosol Fumarate

    Malate

    Oxaloacetate

    REAKSI TAHAP 4 Enzim : argininosuccinate lyase arginino suksinat arginin + fumarat

    Mitochondrion

    1
    2 ATP + HCO3- + NH3 Carbamoyl phosphate + 2 ADP + Pi Pi Ornithine

    Citrulline

    Ornithine Urea H2O Arginine

    Urea cycle

    Citrulline ATP

    3 5
    AMP + PPi Argininosuccinate

    Aspartate

    4
    Cytosol Fumarate

    Malate

    Oxaloacetate

    REAKSI TAHAP 5 Enzim : arginase Arginin urea + ornithine Urea masuk aliran darah ginjal keluar lewat urin Ornithine mitokondria

    Mitochondrion

    1
    2 ATP + HCO3- + NH3 Carbamoyl phosphate + 2 ADP + Pi Pi Ornithine

    Citrulline

    Ornithine Urea H2O Arginine

    Urea cycle

    Citrulline ATP

    3 5
    AMP + PPi Argininosuccinate

    Aspartate

    4
    Cytosol Fumarate

    Malate

    Oxaloacetate

    FUMARAT Dikonversi menjadi aspartat Enzim : malate dehydrogenase

    Terbentuk oksaloasetat

    LATIHAN 1

    LATIHAN 2
    1
    2 ATP + HCO3- + NH3 Carbamoyl phosphate + 2 ADP + Pi Pi

    Ornithine

    Citrulline

    Ornithine Urea H2O Arginine

    Urea cycle

    Citrulline ATP

    Aspartate

    AMP + PPi Argininosuccinate

    4
    Cytosol

    Fumarate
    Oxaloacetate

    Malate

    RINGKASAN SIKLUS UREA


    Aspartate + NH3 + CO2 + 3ATP Urea + fumarate + 2ADP + AMP + 2 Pi +PPi

    4 ATP dibutuhkan untuk membentuk 1 molekul Urea.


    Siklus Urea merupakan Reaksi Irreversibel Penting untuk membuang amonia dari tubuh Hiperamonia toksik

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