.

237
REPORT NO. RD 237 BEREAU OF ROAD RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS, MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT
RATCHATHEWI, BANGKOK 10400, THAILAND

. 237

2550
ISSN 0125-8044

( )


..2541



(Painted Medians)

2
.4+879 .7+645

25,000 ( 2 )

2
25,000 ( 2 )

Disclaimer
The contents of this report reflect only the views of the authors. Who are
responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein only. The
contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the Department of
Highways, Thailand. This report does not constitute any standard, specification, or
regulation.



5() 1 ( )


..

1
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
4

1
4
11
13
18
23
33
35


1.1:
1.2:
2.1: (MUTCD)
3.1:
3.2:
3.3:
3.4:
3.5:
2 ( 6 + 770)
3.6:

3.7:
3.8:
3.9:
5
3.10: 2 . 6 + 770
15 16 2549
3.11:
3.12:
3.13:
3.14:
3.15:
3.16: 3 4

2
2
10
11
12
12
13
14
15
15
16
17
18
19
21
22
26-29
30
31-32


2.1:
2.2:
2.3:
2.4:
3.1: 2 . 6 + 700
15 2549
3.2:

5
7
8
9
20
24

.. 2541

(Painted
Medians)



(Raised Medians) (Depressed Medians)


(Head-on Collisions)

(Rear end Collisions)

(
) (Two Way Left Turn Lane)

1.1:

1.2 :
()

2 . 4 + 879 . 7 + 645

2
3
4

(Island Markings Painted Medians)

(.ISBN 974-456-464-4)


1.
4
3
.. 1950 ..
1970


(Land Use)



(Minnesota) .. 1991
.. 1993 3
4 27% 1

2.1 :

4
3
4
5

( )
6.75
4.96
4.02
4.01

3
(ADT)
17,000 ()
4 5
(ADT) 24,000
( 4 5

4

(Raised Medians)
(Two way Turn Lane)

2. (Continuous Raised Median)

()


-

-

-

Georgia Technology
(ADT) 10,000 28,000
24,000 28,000

28,000

2
2.2 :

20
20 40
40 60
60

3.8
7.3
9.4
10.6

3.4
5.9
7.4
9.2

2.9
5.1
6.5
8.2

-0.5
-0.8
-0.9
-1.0

: NCHRP Report 3-52

NCHRP Report 395

1) (raised median)
2)
3)

1.
2.

3.

4.


25,000

20,000
2548


2.3 :

0.08

0.05

0.57

0.07

0.35

0.15

( )

NCHRP Report 420

3.3
5.6 (
)

2.4 :
ADT
()
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000

48
39
32
126
60
55
190
92
78
253
112
85

(Delays)

10

MUTCD2000
2.1

2.1: (MUTCD)

MUTCD2000

11

2
4



2 . 4 + 879 . 7 + 645

3.1 :

12

3.2 :

3.3 :

13

3.1

2 .
4 + 879 . 7 + 645

-
- (
)

3.4 :

14

3.5 :
2 ( 6 + 770)

15

3.6:

3.7 :

16

17 2549 10 : 30

3.8 :

17

10
5

3.9 : 5

18

3.2
15-16 2549
15,760 ( 2 )
16:00-17:00 .

Traffic Count on the National Highway 2 at STA 5+000 (Exclude Motorcycle Traffic)
March 15 - 16, 2006
1200
1102
1039
992

1000

1082

997 1012
938

880
840

Count (vehicles)

800

856
821
748

647

632

581

600

542

522

369

400

284
188

200

209
159

193
128

9:
:0
00
0
-1
10
0:
00
:0
0
-1
11
1:
00
:0
0
-1
12
2:
00
:0
0
-1
13
3:
0
:0
0
0
-1
14
4:
0
:0
0
0
-1
15
5:
0
:0
0
0
-1
16
6:
00
:0
0
-1
17
7:
00
:0
0
-1
18
8:
00
:0
0
-1
19
9:
00
:0
0
-2
20
0:
00
:0
0
-2
21
1:
00
:0
0
-2
22
2:
00
:0
0
-2
23
3:
00
:0
0
-2
4:
00
0:
00
-1
:0
1:
0
00
-2
:0
2:
0
00
-3
:0
3:
0
00
-4
:
00
4:
00
-5
:
00
5:
00
-6
:0
0

:0
0

-9

8:
00

-8

7:
00

6:
00

-7

:0
0

Time (March 15 - 16, 2006)

3.10 : 2
. 6 + 770 15 16 2549
70
(Free flow speed) 85
85
60
6

19

Speed-Volume Distribution on the National Highway 2 at STA 5+000 (Exclude Motorcycle Traffic)
March 15 - 16, 2006
4000
3750
3500

3339

Count (vehicles)

3000

2500

2350
2032

2000

1500

1329

1000

778

500

716

345

258

223

223

180

133

103

105 112

113 120

121 >

0
0
0 - 15

16 - 23

24 - 31

32 - 39

40 - 47

48 - 55

56 - 63

64 - 71

72 - 79

80 - 88

89 - 96 97 - 104

Speed Range (km/h)

3.11:

700 ()

20

3.1: 2 . 6 + 700 15
2549
Time
7:00 - 7:15
7:15 - 7:30
7:30 - 7:45
7:45 - 8:00
8:00 - 8:15
8:15 - 8:30
8:30 - 8:45
8:45 - 9:00
total

Count (To Khon Kaen)

91
135
185
177
97
61
60
42
848

Count (To Udontani)

31
50
81
55
32
25
40
42
356

Time
15:45 - 16:00
16:00 - 16:15
16:15 - 16:30
16:30 - 16:45
16:45 - 17:00
17:00 - 17:15
17:15 - 17:30
17:30 - 17:45
17:45 - 18:00
18:00 - 18:15
18:15 - 18:30
18:30 - 18:45
18:45 - 19:00
Total

Count (To Khon Kaen)

41
35
20
20
33
72
63
39
39
41
38
44
27
512

Count (To Udontani)

53
75
78
66
93
185
122
102
92
64
62
44
34
1070

2
()
-
86%
-
4%
-
4%
-
6%

21

4
( 3.12)
1.
2.
3.
4.

4
2

3.12 :
15 16 2549 7: 00 - 9: 00 15: 30 - 19:
00 . 3.10

1.
560
2.
361
3.
254
4.
220

22

(Painted Median)

1.20

3:13
(Capacity) 2,000
2
2 x 2,000 = 4,000

(V/C Ratio) 1100/4000 = 0.275
8

23

4000
ln

1100
ln (1 + 0 . 08 )

16.7

2
.. 2565
3.3

-
-
-
-
-
-

3.3.1 (Raised Medians)

3.3.2 (Painted Medians)

24

3.2 :

1.
2.

3.

1.
2.

4.
Highway
Capacity Manual 2000

4.

Highway Capacity Manual 2000

5.
(V/C) 0.183

5.
(V/C)
0.275

3.




20,000 ()



.

25

6. 2.50

1.65
3.00

7.

6. 3.00

2.00

2.50
7.

1.
2.
3.
4.

3 2
1.20 3.00
0.60
2.00

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

1) (Raised Medians )
2) (Depressed Medians )
3) ( Painted Medians )

2 . 4+879 .7+645

25,000 (

2
25,000 ( )
(Raise Medians) (Depressed
Mesians)

2 . 4+879 . 7+645

- Brindle, R. Relationship Between Accidents and Access Conditions. ARR 320, 1998.
-
.72 .. 2525.
- Gluck, J., Levinson, H.S., and Stover, V. Impacts of Access Management Techniques,
NCHRP Report 420, 1999.
- Koepke, F.J., and Levinson, H.S. Access Management Guidelines for Activity Access,
NCHRP Report 348, 1992.
- Bonneson, J.A., and McCoy, P.T. Capacity and Operational Effects of Midblock Left-Turn
Lanes, NCHRP Report 395, 1997.
- Three-Lane Roadways with Two-way Left-Turn Lanes.
(http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/Research/access/toolkit/16.pdf) accessed in June 2006.
- Two-way Left-Turn Lane. (http://www.lib.niu.edu/ipo/1987/im870712.html) accessed in May
2006.
- The Development of the Two-way Left -Turn Lane.
(http://www.lacity.org/LADOT/TopicsAndTales/Pavementmark3.pdf) accessed in May 2006.
- Operations in Two-way Left-Turn Lane on Multi-Lane Undivided Highways.
(http://www.modot.org/pdf/business/TA-10.pdf) accessed in May 2006.
- Two-way Left-Turn Lane Mainline Alternative.
(http://www.dot.wisconsin.gov/projects/d5/southlacrosse/docs/twoway.pdf) accessed in May
2006.

- Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).

(http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/PavMkgs/Tutorial/twoway.htm) accessed in May 2006.
- Median Opening and Access Management Decision Process.
(http://www2.dot.state.fl.us/proceduraldocuments/procedures/bin/625010021.pdf) accessed in
May 2006.
- Continuous Raised Medians.
(http://www.gtcmpo.org/Programs/Resources/AccessManagement/Continuous%20Raised%2
0Medians.pdf) accessed in May 2006.
- Estimating the Impacts of Access Management with Micro-Simulation Lessons Learned.
(http://www.accessmanagement.gov/AM2004/AM0407_Eisele_paper.pdf) accessed in May
2006.
-
ISBN 974-456-464-4 http://www.otp.go.th .

.
.

:
..2541




(Painted Medians)

2
.4+879 .7+645

25,000 ( 2 )

2
25,000 ( 2 )

:
.././2550/.
ISSN 0125-8044

Report No. :

RD. Bureau of Road Research and Development Department of

Highways
:
Dr.Ponlathep Lertworavanich
Nutsom
Sanyuanvong
Mongkol
Taveechaitossapol
:
Since the economic crisis of Thailand in 1998, the budget,
which the Department of Highways (DOH) has obtained every year, is
less than that required for adequate operations and maintenance of
national highways throughout the national network. Albeit with limited
budgets, it is an obligation for the DOH to search for appropriate
measures to fully utilize all resources to serve people and general
public. One of the common approaches to cut down construction and
maintenance costs is to use painted medians for separating opposing
traffic on uncongested multilane highways.

Authors
Abstract

In this study, the researchers conducted data collection on National

Highway No. 2 (STA. 4+879 STA 7+645) in front of Khon Kaen
University where rear-end collisions are commonly observed. Traffic
data were thoroughly analyzed to establish an improvement.
Preliminary design drawings for this improvement at the study site are
developed for the future implementation. Upon the completion of this
research, the following conclusions are identified:
For multilane highways, there should be exclusive turning bays at
medians in order to separate right-turn and u-turn traffic from the
mainline through traffic.
When an Average Daily Traffic (ADT) is less than 25,000 (both
directions) for a multilane highway, a painted median with a centered
lane for turning vehicles can be used to separate opposing traffic.
However, this centered-lane concept is not applicable if there are more
than two lanes in each traffic direction.
When an ADT is more than 25,000 (both directions) for a multilane
highway, depressed or raised medians are more appropriate than
painted medians to separate opposing traffic