اساسيات التحكم cnc

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
٢١٤
‫א‬  ٢١٤ ‫א‬
  
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

?  ?EF ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ?  
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

‫א‬ ١J ١
 ‫؟‬‫א‬  ١J ١J ١
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬  K    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،،
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬٢J ١J ١
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J ٣
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬     K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣J ١J ١
   K‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ W‫א‬      
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    EJ ‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬    KEJ ‫א‬‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٤J ١J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
’    ‫א‬ (Fluid System) ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ W
‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‘ ’  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‘
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     (Pneumatics) E‫א‬F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEKKKKK،F
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF  K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J ‫א‬
(Clamping)‫א‬ •
(Shifting) ‫א‬ •
(Positioning) ‫א‬ •
(Orienting) ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
(Packaging) ‫א‬ •
(Feeding)‫א‬ •
(Metering)‫א‬‫א‬ •
(Doors Control) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
(Turning and Inverting of Parts) ‫א‬ •
(Sorting of Parts) ‫א‬ •
(Stacking of Components) ‫א‬‫א‬ •
(Stamping and Embossing of Components) ‫א‬‫א‬ •
-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

W‫א‬‫א‬J 
(Drilling) ‫א‬ •
(Turning) ‫א‬‫א‬ •
(Milling) ‫א‬ •
(Sawing) E‫א‬F‫א‬ •
(Finishing) ‫א‬ •
(Forming) ‫א‬ •
(Quality Control) ‫א‬ •
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     E١F ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ٢J ١  ١J ١ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ١‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
  2 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬   K  
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،3‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    











١J ١ 
       ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬     ٢J ١ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    KY        
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬     
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




٢J ١ 

-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

‫א‬‫ א‬٤J ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ HydraulicsE‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    KEKKKKKK ،F 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 

(Stationary Hydraulics)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
(Mobile Hydraulics) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K(Mining)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ F     ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ٣J ١ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬  
   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K(CNC)
 K(spindle)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

CNC‫א‬٣J ١

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٤J ١‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









٤J ١ 

-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥J ١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،   ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬









‫א‬٥J ١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ١
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ١

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 ‫א‬ J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٦
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
       ‫א‬     ‫א‬  K‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ، (A)، ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ (F) ‫א‬  (P) ‫א‬  W‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬
= ‫א‬
‫א‬ 
1Pa = 1 N/m2, 1bar = 100000N/m2 =  [Pascal, Pa]W‫א‬
105Pa
1N = 1kg.m/s2 [Newton, N]W‫א‬
[m2]W‫א‬

W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   WAtmospheric Pressure (Pamb) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ١
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(14.7 lb/in2)‫א‬ (1.013 bar)(1.0332 kg/cm2)‫א‬ ٧٦٠
 K(14.7 psi)
- ١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

W(barometric pressureF Pamb.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W( absolute pressure) ‫א‬‫א‬ J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

       ‫א‬    WGauge Pressure (Pe) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Excess Pressure (Pe >0))F
 K(Vacuum Pressure (Pe <0))
(Pamb)‫א‬‫א‬H(Pe) ‫א‬‫א‬Z(Pabs)‫א‬‫א‬

 K0 bar‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ٦J ١ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Pe)



‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦J ١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬WHydrostatic Pressure (Ps)‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬K٧J ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Ps = ρ. g. h
 W
 K[Pascal, Pa]  ‫א‬‫א‬WPs -
 K[kg/m3]    ‫א‬Wρ -
K[m/s2]  ‫א‬‫א‬Wg -
[m]‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Wh -
-







‫א‬‫ א‬٧J ١ ‫א‬ 

 W١
 K7.85 cm2‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬100 bar‫א‬
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
P = 100 bar = 1000 N/cm2  W‫א‬
2
A = 7.85 cm
 F = P. A
1000N⋅ 7.85cm2
F=
cm2
F = 7850N

- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    


 W٢
 K15 000 N
 ‫؟‬75 bar‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 F = 15000N
P = 75 bar = 75. 105 Pa
A = F
P
15000N
=
75 ⋅105Pa
N ⋅ m2
= 0.002
N
A = 0.002m = 20cm2
2

t(sec.)m (kg)‫א‬W‫א‬ J ٥
 WQ‫א‬،A (m2)
  
m 
Q=
t×ρ 
 W
 [kg/m2]  ‫א‬:ρ -
[kg]‫א‬Wm -
 [sec]‫א‬Wt -

Q  WV(m/s) ‫א‬
V=
A 
 


- ١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

 (Continuity principleF‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
Q1 = Q2
A1 x V1 = A2 x V2
A1
V2 = × V1
A2

 ‫א‬ ٣J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K         ‫א‬ FF    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KEE‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 F = P× A
 W
F[N] EF‫ א‬-
 P[Pa]EF‫ א‬-
A[m2] EF‫ א‬-
 W[j or N-m](x)‫ א‬(‫)א‬‫א‬

 d [m]  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W=Fxd
- ١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  (Boyle-Mariottes Law)     
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 WK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 = P3 x V3 = Constant




٨J ١ ‫א‬ 
 W٣ 
‫א‬‫א‬ Pe‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ 1 ‫א‬‫א‬
7
 K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
P1 ⋅ V1 = P2 ⋅ V2
V
P2 = P1 ⋅ 1
V2
V2 1
=
V1 7
P1 = Pamb = 100kPa = 1bar
P2 = 1 × 7 = 700 kPa = 7 bar 
P2 = 
Pe = P −P = (700 − 100)kPa = 600kPa = 6bar
abs amb
- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٢
 ‫א‬WPascal’s Law 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٩J ١‫א‬F‫א‬
٩J ١ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ A1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١٠J ١‫א‬‫א‬F
 WP1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F1 ‫א‬KA2
F1
P1 =
A1
٢ ‫א‬      ١ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W
 K‫א‬‫א‬
W
F2 F1
P2 =  P1 =
A2 A1
‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W
P1 =P2
- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬
F1 F2
=
A1 A 2
 WA2F1،K‫א‬‫א‬A2A1F2F1
A1 ⋅ F2 A1 ⋅ F2
F1 =  A2 =
A2 F1
A2
‫א‬ F1 F2  ‫א‬
A1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠J ١‫א‬
W٥
‫א‬‫א‬K١١J ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A1 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ F1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K1500 kg 
 KA2 = 1200cm2A1 = 40cm2WA2 
 W‫א‬
m = 1500kg W‫א‬
F2 = m.gW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

A ⋅F
F1 = 1 2
A2
- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    

0.004 m 2 ⋅ 1500 N
F1 =
0.12m 2
F1 = 500N






 ١١J ١‫א‬
 ٦J ٢
‫א‬ 8 cm2‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

K200bar‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ٤‫א‬ ‫ א‬F1 = 500N ‫א‬  ‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬
 K100NF1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A2‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬   Ps ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬
 Kh = 15m‫א‬ρ = 1000kg
 
   KV2 = 0.4 m3   V1 = 0.8 m3    ‫א‬  W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KP1 = 3 bar‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P2‫א‬‫א‬


- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
    K   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K 
،،،F‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ KEKKK  
K‫א‬

‫א‬٢J ٣
‫א‬١J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢J ٢
‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Power source ‫א‬ J

 ESensors‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 EProcessors‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 Control elements ‫א‬ J
 EActuators ‫א‬F‫א‬ J
- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ J
‫א‬
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬   J
‫א‬ J
، J
‫א‬
  J
‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫ א‬ 
  J
‫א‬  ‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢‫א‬
- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    



  
‫א‬


 
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬ ٢J ٢‫א‬

- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣J ٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  K   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   KE‫א‬ F ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K١ ‫א‬K٢




‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٤J ٢‫א‬

K1A‫א‬‫א‬2‫א‬1‫א‬1S‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3‫א‬
0Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1A‫א‬‫א‬
 K0S
- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

























‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢‫א‬
- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 .  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬
- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 •
 •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 •
‫א‬ •
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W Compressors‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ٣
   E ‫א‬ ‫א‬F     ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٢‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Types of
Compressors
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

Reciprocating  Rotary Flow Compressor
compressor Compressor
       

Piston Diaphragm Radial flow Axial-flow
Compressor Compressor Compressor
Compressor
‫א‬  ??

Sliding vane Compressor Twin-shaft screw Roots Compressor
Compressor
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٢‫א‬
- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٦J ٢‫א‬F(reciprocating piston compressor)J ١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
600kPa (6 bar)K(single stage compressor)‫א‬ J
1500kPa (15 bar)K(two stage compressor)‫א‬ J


٦J ٢‫א‬
J ٢
 E٧J ٢‫א‬F(radial flow compressor)  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 1000kPa (10 bar)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

٧J ٢ ‫א‬
 E٨J ٢‫א‬F(axial flow compressor)J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K600kPa (6 bar) .‫א‬‫א‬ J









 ٨J ٢‫א‬
 (sliding vane compressor-rotary compressor)‫א‬J ٤
 E‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬   K‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
400kPa (4 bar)K(single stage compressor)‫א‬ J
- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
800kPa (8 bar)K(two stage compressor)‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬٩J ٢‫א‬
٢J ٤J ٣
E١٠J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠J ٢‫א‬

- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
WService Unit ‫א‬٣J ٤J ٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬J ٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K١١J ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬










‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬١١J ٢‫א‬ 


- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢J ٢‫א‬F






E F 

(‫)ب‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬١٢J ٢‫א‬

    


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 (Air filter with water separator)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬ ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 KE١٣J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     K‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٣J ٢‫א‬
 (Pressure Regulator)‫א‬J ٢
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K(Diaphragm)‫א‬KE‫א‬
 ‫א‬  K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ 
- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬



 
 





‫א‬١٤J ٢‫א‬
Pressure Regulator 
 (lubricator)‫א‬J ٣
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٥J ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K


- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬ 
‫א‬
  

 
‫א‬


‫א‬ 

 


‫א‬١٥J ٢‫א‬ 

- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 J

 ‫א‬J

 ‫א‬‫א‬J

 ‫א‬

 J

 –‫א‬J 
 –‫א‬J 

 J

 ‫א‬J 

 

 –‫א‬J 
 

 –‫א‬‫א‬J

 –‫א‬J 
 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٦J ٢‫א‬
- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬EKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬K
 K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٤



- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
(Single acting cylinders) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٧J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K٢L٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E١٧J ٢‫א‬F(Piston cylinder) ‫א‬‫• א‬
،‫א‬ WE١٨J ٢‫א‬F (Diaphragm cylinder)‫א‬‫• א‬
KKK‫א‬
 ‫א‬    W(Rolling diaphragm cylinder)   ‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٧J ٢‫א‬
Single acting cylinder
- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٨J ٢‫א‬
Diaphragm cylinder
(Double acting cylinders)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ E١٩J ٢F‫א‬
 ،‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢L٥‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣L٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ،(ejection) ‫א‬ ،(branching) ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KKK(clamping)

- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

EEF١٩J ٢‫א‬F(Piston cylinder) ‫א‬‫• א‬
 EEF١٩J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
Double-acting cylinder with adjustable end position cushioning
E٢٠J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
Cylinders with through piston rod
E٢١J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
Tandem double-acting cylinder




‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٩J ٢ ‫א‬ 




- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    










‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠J ٢‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢١J ٢ ‫א‬





- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
(Rodless cylinders)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٢٢J ٢‫א‬F (Band or cable cylinder)‫א‬‫א‬ •
E٢٣J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
Sealing band cylinder with slotted cylinder barrel
E٢٤J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
Cylinder with magnetically coupled slide

 E٢٢J ٢‫א‬F (Band or cable cylinder)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Band or cable cylinder)‫א‬٢٢J ٢‫א‬
- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
E٢٣J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
Sealing band cylinder with slotted cylinder barrel
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 




‫א‬٢٣J ٢‫א‬ 
Sealing band cylinder with slotted cylinder barrel 

Cylinder with magnetically coupled slide‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬




‫א‬٢٤J ٢‫א‬
Cylinder with magnetically coupled slide

- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
(Rotary cylinders and Swivel drive)E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ 
K٢٦J ٢٢٥J ٢‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬


( Swivel drive)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥J ٢‫א‬
(Rotary cylinder) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٦J ٢‫א‬
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
(ISO)‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬J

 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٧J ٢‫א‬ 

 (ISO)‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬ - 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -


‫א‬ - 

‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬- 

‫א‬‫א‬٢٨J ٢‫א‬ 

- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫ א‬J ٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J ٣
 
 ‫א‬ J ٤
 ‫א‬  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬    J ٥
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J ٦
- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ١J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J ١
 K‫א‬W‫א‬ J ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J ٣

(Directional control valves)‫א‬‫ א‬٢J ٥

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬     K‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

W(Number of ports or openings)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •

KKK،E٢F
KKKK،٣،E٢FW(Number of positions)‫א‬ •
 ،  ،  W(Method of actuation)   •
KKK،
،W(Methods of return actuation)‫א‬‫א‬ •
KKK‫א‬
KDIN ISO 1219‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٢٩J ٢‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KT‫א‬KE‫א‬
- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WNormal position‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   WInitial position ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ DIN ISO 5599-3‫א‬

٣٠J ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬    K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
W‫א‬‫א‬K٣١J ٢‫א‬‫א‬

   3/2-way valve W •

4/2-way valve  W •
5/3- way valve W •

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     WPoppet Valves    K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K،‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬     WSliding Valves ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K
‫א‬ ‫א‬   K(flat slide)    (spool)  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫א‬  ،
K‫א‬
- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FJ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 DIN ISO 1219 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٩J ٢‫ א‬

‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ISO 5599-3
‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ P  ١ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ A, B  ٤،٢
 ‫א‬ R, S  ٥،٣

٢١‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ Z  ١٠ ‫א‬
 ٢١‫א‬‫ א‬Y, Z  ١٢ 
 ٤٣‫א‬‫ א‬ Z  ١٤ 

   Pz  ٩١،٨١

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٠J ٢‫א‬ 

- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    


 ‫א‬٣١J ٢‫א‬ 



 

 K‫א‬ J 



 J 

‫א‬ J 

‫א‬ J 


‫א‬ J 

  

  J 

 J 


 J

 J 
‫א‬ J 
  
 ‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
 
  J
 J
 
 J
DIN ISO 1219‫א‬٣٢J ٢‫א‬

- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
٢L٢‫א‬‫א‬W(2/2-way valve)٢L٢١J ٢J ٥
،(on-off valve)‫א‬KE،F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K(ball seat)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٤J ٢‫א‬F (3/2-way valve) ٢L٣ ٢J ٢J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣‫א‬K ٣
‫א‬ ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ K‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K٢ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ٢ ١‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬



W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬

 




‫א‬‫א‬، W٢L٣‫א‬٣٤J ٢‫א‬
3/2-Way Valve: Ball Bearing Seat, Normally Closed Position
- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬K(Disc seat)‫א‬ ٢L٣ ٣٥J ٢‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢L٣‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، W٢L٣‫א‬٣٥J ٢‫א‬

3/2-Way Valve: Disc Seat, Normally Closed Position

- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ٢ ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٢L٣‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٢L٣٣٦J ٢‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K٣‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ ١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ ٢‫א‬‫א‬ ٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K٢ ١‫א‬
،،‫א‬K٢ ١‫א‬‫א‬ ٣K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ 


‫א‬ 





‫א‬‫א‬، W٢L٣‫א‬٣٦J ٢‫א‬
3/2-Way Valve: Disc Seat, Normally Open Position
- ٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ٣٧J ٢‫א‬

  (shut-off valve)   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬، W٢L٣‫א‬٣٧J ٢‫א‬ 
3/2-Way Valve: Hand Slide, Normally 
Cl d P iti 
 K١٢‫א‬K‫א‬٢L٣٣٨J ٢‫א‬
  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٢‫א‬K٢ ١‫א‬
 ٢‫א‬‫א‬K٢ ١‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬٢L٣‫א‬٣٨J ٢‫א‬
Single Pilot, Normally 3/2-Way Valve
- ٥٣ - Closed Position
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣٩J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ٥

       ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬



‫א‬ 


1

Pilot Control‫א‬‫א‬٣٩J ٢‫א‬ 










- ٥٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٣ ٤٠J ٢‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  K   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 ٣ ٢‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢ ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ٤١J ٢  ٤٠J ٢ ‫א‬   K‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢L٣‫א‬
‫א‬


‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٢L٣‫א‬٤٠J ٢‫א‬
3/2-Way Roller Lever Valve, Pilot Operated, Normally Closed
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٢L٣‫א‬٤١J ٢‫א‬
3/2-Way Roller Lever Valve, Pilot Operated, Normally Open
- ٥٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٢L٣٤٢J ٢‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬      
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 ،‫א‬٢L٣٤٢J ٢‫א‬
        
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
3/2-Way Roller Lever Valve, Pilot Operated,
- ٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢J ٥
EF  ٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  K ٢L٤ ٤٣J ٢‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬   K٣   ٤ ‫א‬ ٢   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ٣ ‫א‬   K ٣  ٢   ٤  ١   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  W  ٢L٤ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K،
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬،٢L٤‫א‬٤٣J ٢‫א‬
4/2-Way Directional Valve, Disk Seat






- ٥٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٤ ٤٤J ٢‫א‬

 ٢L٤K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤ ١٢F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








 ‫א‬٢L٤‫א‬٤٤J ٢‫א‬

4/2-Way Double Pilot Valve, Longitudinal Flat Slide

 ٣L٤‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٢J ٥
           ٣L٤   ٤٥J ٢ ‫א‬ 
٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬      
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






 ،٤L٣‫א‬٤٥J ٢‫א‬

Mid-Position Closed 4/3-Way Plate Slide Valve,
- ٥٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W٢L٥‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٢J ٥
‫א‬‫א‬٢L٥‫א‬‫א‬
 K    ‫א‬   ٢L٥   ٤٦J ٢ ‫א‬ KK‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K،،W٢L٥‫א‬



 ‫א‬٢L٥‫א‬٤٦J ٢‫א‬
5/2-Way Double Pilot Valve, Pneumatically Actuated, Both Sides


- ٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
K‫א‬ ٢L٥ ٤٧J ٢‫א‬

K٤ ٢‫א‬ ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٤١٢‫א‬





‫א‬٢L٥٤٧J ٢‫א‬
5/2-Way Double Pilot Valve, Suspended Disk Seat








- ٦٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W٣L٥‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٢J ٥
،٤٨J ٢‫א‬‫א‬،  ٣L٥‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٢١‫א‬‫א‬١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K٤١‫א‬‫א‬١٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    J
K

W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٣L٥‫א‬٤٨J ٢‫א‬
5/3-Way Valve, Pneumatically Actuated, Both Sides
- ٦١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬

 E‫א‬F‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬٢L٢ J 

‫א‬‫א‬٢L٣ J 

‫א‬‫א‬٢L٣ J 
K٢L٤ J
٢L٥ J
K‫א‬‫א‬K٣L٥ J
‫א‬‫א‬ ٤٩J ٢‫א‬
- ٦٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫ א‬‫א‬٣J ٥
:Non-return Valve‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  E‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬   ‫א‬  
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٥٠J ٢‫א‬FE‫א‬‫א‬F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E21
‫א‬‫א‬E12F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،،W‫א‬



‫א‬ 

1 2


Non-return Valve ٥٠J ٢‫א‬
- ٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 
 :Dual-Pressure Valve (AND Function)E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬٢J ٣J ٥

 ‫א‬  KE٥١J ٢ ‫א‬F 2   E3F1  1      
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  E3F1  1     K‫א‬    ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K2 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
Dual-Pressure Valve (AND Function)E‫א‬F‫א‬٥١J ٢‫א‬









- ٦٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
WShuttle Valve (OR Function)E٥٢J ٢‫א‬FE‫א‬F٣J ٣J ٥

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E3F1 1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2E3F1 1
‫א‬K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 2‫א‬E3F1 1‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

E‫א‬F٥٢J ٢‫א‬ 
Shuttle Valve (OR Function)
- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
:Quick Exhaust Valve‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬KE٥٣J ٢‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١F 2 1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K32‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1‫א‬
K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
         ،    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥٣J ٢‫א‬ ١
٢
Quick Exhaust Valve
- ٦٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Flow Control Valves‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٥


 WThrottle Valve‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ٥
‫א‬   ‫א‬      E‫א‬LF ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 KE٥٤J ٢ ‫א‬F‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 WOne-Way Flow Control Valve،،‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ٥
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٥٥J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬
K2 1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEF

‫א‬
١ ٢
٥٥J ٢‫א‬ ٥٤J ٢‫א‬

One-Way Flow Control Valve Throttle Valve

- ٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬

  J 
 J 

E‫א‬F J


E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬٥٦J ٢‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

  J 
 J
‫א‬‫א‬٥٧J ٢‫א‬
- ٦٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Pressure Valves ‫א‬٥J ٥


 WPressure Regulator‫א‬١J ٥J ٥
KE٥٨J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬    ‫א‬   K(Diaphragm)   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬



 
 



‫א‬٥٨J ٢‫א‬ 
Pressure Regulator





- ٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥J ٥
Time Delay Valve, Normally Closed
٢L٣W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬KE٥٩J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 12‫א‬K 1
‫א‬K٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K2   1   ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 12‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢‫א‬F 2 1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬12‫א‬K٢L٣
‫א‬ 2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K3
١ ٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ٥٩J ٢

Time Delay Valve , Normally Closed

- ٧٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Pressure Sequence Valve W٣J ٥J ٥

‫א‬   ،12 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬KE٦٠J ٢‫א‬F 2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٣‫א‬
‫א‬      12 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬

 









٦٠J ٢‫א‬

Pressure Sequence Valve


- ٧١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W‫א‬

  J 
 
 - 
  
  J
 J
  J
‫א‬٦١J ٢‫א‬
- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
  ١J ٦
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 Power source ‫א‬ J
 ESensors‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 EProcessors‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 Control elements ‫א‬ J
 EActuators ‫א‬F‫א‬ J
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٣J ٢‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬W0‫• א‬
‫א‬    K‫ א‬‫א‬    KKK2 ،1 ‫• א‬
،‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬

0Z1, 0Z2…  ‫א‬

1A, 2A…  EKKKK‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
1V1, 1V2…  EKKKK‫א‬F ‫א‬
1S1, 1S2… EKKK،،F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ١J ٢


- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ J
‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ J
‫א‬   J
‫א‬ J
، J
‫א‬
  J
‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫ א‬
  J
‫א‬  ‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬٦٢J ٢‫א‬

- ٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    


  
 ‫א‬


 
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬ ٦٣J ٢‫א‬


- ٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬   ‫א‬  •
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




K‫א‬ •











- ٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
          ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
7mm‫א‬40 mm
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٦
J ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٢L٣
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K٦٥
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K١ ‫א‬K٢




‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٥J ٢‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ٦٦J ٢ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ K1A ‫א‬‫א‬     ٢ ‫א‬  ١ ‫א‬  1S ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1A
 K0S‫א‬0Z‫א‬
- ٧٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

























‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٦J ٢‫א‬
- ٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٦
‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ٢L٥ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K٦٧J ٢
‫א‬ ‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬K١ ‫א‬K٢ 






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٧J ٢‫א‬ 

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٦٨J ٢‫א‬
K1A‫א‬‫א‬  ٤‫א‬ ١‫א‬ 1S‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K٣ ٢‫א‬‫א‬
 K٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



- ٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
























‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٨J ٢‫א‬ 
- ٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٦
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬     
، ،        K    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٦
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  W
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  KE٦٩J ٢ ‫א‬F      ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 









‫א‬‫א‬٦٩J ٢‫א‬

- ٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 1A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٧٠J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬

‫א‬ 1V 1K‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٣K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1S‫א‬‫א‬K3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1V‫א‬ ١٢
،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 12‫א‬‫א‬
12 ‫א‬  K‫א‬   1S ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ 1V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1V
 K1V‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧٠J ٢‫א‬
- ٨٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ٦
 1V‫א‬ 14‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٢J ٢ ‫א‬F 1S‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ 14‫א‬‫א‬K1A‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1V14‫א‬K‫א‬1S‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ 1V‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧١J ٢‫א‬
- ٨٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢L٣

 ORANDW‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٦

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ (AND)??‫א‬‫א‬
 K2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1(3)1‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ (OR)??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K2‫א‬1(3)1‫א‬‫א‬
AND‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ٦
 1S2‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1S1،٢L٣‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ٧٢J ٢‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
1S1‫א‬2‫א‬1V1‫א‬‫א‬ 1(3)1‫א‬
‫א‬ ، 1S2،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٣‫א‬K1S2
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ANDK1V2‫א‬
،1V2،٢L٥‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬2،1S1،٢L٣‫א‬
،1S2 1S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1A‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ 14 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬   ‫א‬    AND
1V2‫א‬K1S21S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1V2 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




- ٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    











KANDK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧٢J ٢‫א‬
- ٨٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 KW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

   1A ‫א‬‫א‬   KE٧٣J ٢ ‫א‬F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ W
 ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









٧٣J ٢‫א‬
OR‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ٧٤J ٢‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢‫א‬ 1V1‫א‬‫א‬ 1(3) ١‫א‬
 1S2 1S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1S2 1S1
‫א‬‫א‬OR K1V1‫א‬‫א‬1(3)١‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٢   ‫א‬
،‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬   1V2 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬  
- ٨٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬   1V1 ‫א‬   1S2  1S1 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬
KORK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧٤J ٢‫א‬
- ٨٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬  KE٧٥J ٢ ‫א‬F     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ٢L٣   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬










‫א‬٧٥J ٢‫א‬ 
- ٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬  W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬
 W‫א‬
KE٧٧J ٢‫א‬F ٢L٥E٧٦J ٢‫א‬F ٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢L٥٢L٤‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Memory Function)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1V1‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ١٤ ‫א‬    1S1 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1V1‫א‬K1V1
K 1V3‫א‬ 1V2‫א‬
K1S1‫א‬‫א‬ 1V1‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K1V1‫א‬‫א‬ 12‫א‬ 1S2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1V1
 1V1‫א‬ 1S2‫א‬‫א‬K1V2‫א‬
 .

- ٩١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
K٢L٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧٦J ٢‫א‬
K٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧٧J ٢‫א‬
- ٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬ KE٧٨J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  W

‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٣K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬












‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧٨J ٢‫א‬ 



- ٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٦
‫א‬E٧٩J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٧٩J ٢‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬ ٨٠J ٢‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬  K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   K   
 ‫א‬ ٣ ‫א‬   K1S2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
1(3) ١‫א‬،1S1‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ١٤ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   AND   1V1 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1V2‫א‬K1V2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1V4‫א‬ ١‫א‬‫א‬ 1V2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬          ‫א‬‫א‬  K٣ ‫א‬
‫א‬AND،1S21S1‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   1V2 ‫א‬   K1V1
K‫א‬‫א‬1V3‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    



















‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨٠J ٢‫א‬
- ٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٦
KE٨١J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  W
  K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬E     F  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






٨١J ٢‫א‬

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٧٢J ٢‫א‬ W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢L٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K1V2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 14‫א‬ 1S‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  1V2 ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 1V2‫א‬ 1S‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬    1V1 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 12 ‫א‬ 
- ٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K1A‫א‬‫א‬
K1V2‫א‬ 12‫א‬‫א‬K٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1V2‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨٢J ٢‫א‬
- ٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W
‫א‬KE٨٣J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬    K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 









٨٣J ٢‫א‬










- ٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 :Time Delay Valve‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٦

‫א‬KE٨٤J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W
 T = 6 seconds‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 
    ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  K‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨٤J ٢‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨٥J ٢‫א‬W‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،1S2
1S2 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 1S21S1‫א‬
‫א‬ 1S2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
14‫א‬ 1V1‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1V3‫א‬K1V3‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F 1V5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K1S2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 14‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1V1‫א‬ AND،
  1S1  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬    1V3‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨٥J ٢‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1S3‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1V2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1V2
‫א‬٢L٣‫א‬،‫א‬K1V2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 1V3‫א‬K1V3‫א‬‫א‬ 12‫א‬ 1V3
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   1S3 ‫א‬   ،‫א‬‫א‬   K1V4 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K1S3‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1V2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬1V3‫א‬٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٠٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
1S2‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1V3‫א‬12
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٩J ٦
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٩J ٦
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬   K(Displacement diagram)   ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
Roller lever valve with idle return ‫א‬‫א‬ •
Time delay valve‫א‬‫א‬ •
Double pilot valve (Reversing valve) •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٩J ٦
K٨٦J ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 2S1‫א‬ K‫א‬ 1S2 2S1‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1S1‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٠١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

1A‫א‬‫א‬ 2S11S1W‫א‬‫א‬
 2A‫א‬‫א‬  1S3W‫א‬‫א‬
 1A‫א‬‫א‬  2S2 W‫א‬‫א‬
 2A‫א‬‫א‬  1S2W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Initial position)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   2S1 W‫א‬‫א‬
   ،1V2 ،٢L٥ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،1S1 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬K1A‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K1S3‫א‬، 1A‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2A‫א‬‫א‬،2V،٢L٥

     K2S3 ‫א‬  ،    ‫א‬‫א‬    K٣
 K1A‫א‬‫א‬1V2‫א‬

‫א‬1S2‫א‬،1A‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 K‫א‬2S1‫א‬2A‫א‬‫א‬K2V

 K1S1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
- ١٠٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
٨٦J ٢‫א‬
- ١٠٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 









‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨٨J ٢‫א‬

- ١٠٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬




- ١٠٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



- ١٠٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬




- ١٠٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K   ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


-١٠٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 Direct current and alternating current‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٧

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١J ٣‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
KDirect CurrentEDCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣‫א‬
‫א‬ ٢J ٣‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬    KE ‫א‬ ‫א‬   F   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬EONF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١١٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    



DC circuit ‫א‬٢J ٣‫א‬
Ohm's Law ٢J ٧

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ،    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬
Electrical resistance‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
Source emf ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(electromotive force)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١١١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
Electrical power‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P = V. I
 W
  Voltage (Volt, V)‫א‬WV
  Current (Ampere, A)‫א‬WI
   Power (Watt, W)‫א‬ WP
 K24 V DC٢L٥W
 ‫؟‬‫א‬K60 Ohm‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
V 24
I= = = 0. 4 A
R 60
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P = V. I = 24×0.4 = 9.6 W
-١١٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Function of a solenoid ‫א‬٣J ٧

‫א‬   .E٣J ٣ ‫א‬F        
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬









 ٣J ٣‫א‬ 
Structure of a solenoid.‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K    •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١١٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Applications of solenoids‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

Function of a capacitor‫א‬٤J ٧
‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K E٤J ٣‫א‬ S1‫א‬F
‫א‬‫ א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 KFaradEFF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬E٣{٤‫א‬S2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬٤J ٣‫א‬
-١١٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Function of a diode E٥J ٣‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٧

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(The current is rectified)
 K‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٣‫א‬
-١١٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٧
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEMultimeterF
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KAmmeter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Voltmeter ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K٢٤‫א‬،‫א‬W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E 230VF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
(Voltmeter or Ammeter, AC or DC, Resistance) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ F ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    •
KE‫א‬‫א‬
K‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
Voltage measurement‫א‬
‫א‬   K ‫א‬‫א‬  (voltmeter) ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١١٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 Current measurement‫א‬
 ‫א‬   K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  (Ammeter) ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬       K‫א‬
K‫א‬

 Resistance measurement‫א‬
 WDC‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬(Ohmmeter)
 ‫א‬F    ‫א‬‫א‬  E    F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 KEopen circuit‫א‬FEshort-circuit
KAC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W

Sources of error‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٠{٥‫א‬٠{٥

-١١٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
Power supply unit pressure‫א‬١J ٨

K‫א‬ ‫א‬          ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ KE٦J ٣‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬   ‫א‬  •
 ٢٤  F‫א‬        E  ٢٢٠  ‫א‬F
 KE
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ (rectifier)‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬

transformer  rectifier  stabilization‫א‬
‫א‬٦J ٣‫א‬
-١١٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Push button and control switches‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٨

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K(control switches)‫א‬ (push button) ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
Normally open contact (make) EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٧J ٣‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
– EF‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٣‫א‬

Normally open contact (make) – section and symbol
-١١٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Normally closed contact (break)EF‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 –EF‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٣‫א‬
Normally closed contact (break) – section and symbol
 Changeover contact
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 –٩J ٣‫א‬
Changeover contact – section and symbol
-١٢٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Sensors for measuring displacement an pressure‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٨

K‫א‬   ،  ،    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •

 Limit switches‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ،‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KE١٠J ٣‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K١
 K٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
F 
E‫א‬‫א‬  K٤
F  K٥

E‫א‬‫א‬
K٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 –١٠J ٣‫א‬
Limit switch – section and symbol
-١٢١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Proximity switches‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K
  •
  •
  •
  •

 Reed switch‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٠{٢F
 K‫א‬
-١٢٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬–١١J ٣‫א‬
Reed switch – normally open contact
 Electronic sensors‫א‬‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ •
 .‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 .‫א‬

 Positive and negative switching sensors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٢٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

 Inductive proximity sensors‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،KE٣FE٢F،E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-١٢٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ١٢J ٣‫א‬
Inductive proximity sensor
Capacitive proximity sensor‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣J ٣‫א‬
Capacitive proximity sensor
-١٢٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Optical proximity sensor‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs))  ‫א‬   ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،،‫א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  (photodiode)   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 •
 •

One-way light barrier‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
   
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٤J ٣‫א‬
One-way light barrier
-١٢٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Reflective light barrier

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
 
  
 
١٥J ٣‫א‬
Reflective light barrier
Diffuse reflective optical sensor

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

‫א‬
 
 
١٦J ٣‫א‬
Diffuse reflective optical sensor
-١٢٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Pressure sensors‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬‫א‬ •
 EF‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •

 Mechanical pressure switch‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






 ١٧J ٣‫א‬ 
Piston-actuated pressure switch 

 Electronic pressure switches‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬    K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬       K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٢٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Analogue pressure sensors‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٨J ٣ EaF‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E١F ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٨J ٣ EbF‫א‬KE٢F ‫א‬
   K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ١٨J ٣ EcF
٤ ٢ ٢ ١،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
-١٢٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 K١
 K٢
K٣
 ‫א‬K٥OK٤‫א‬K٣K٢K١
K٧K٦


 ١٨J ٣‫א‬
analogue pressure sensor characteristic curve of an Construction and
-١٣٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Relays and contactors‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٨

      K      ‫א‬ W‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   K‫א‬   ‫א‬       
 ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬


‫א‬١٩J ٣‫א‬
Construction of a relay

 Applications of relays‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٣١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Programmable logic controllers, PLC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٨

PLC K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٠J ٣‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬PLC‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 .E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
PLC ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠J ٣‫א‬
-١٣٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٨
2/2-Way Solenoid Valve without Pilot Control‫א‬٢L٢‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٢‫א‬ ٢١J ٣‫א‬
،‫א‬K ٢ ١‫א‬
 K٢‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬٢L٢‫א‬٢١J ٣‫א‬
2/2-Way Solenoid Valve without Pilot Control
-١٣٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Pilot controlled directional control valve‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬٢٢J ٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE٢٢J ٣EFF‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   •
KE٢٢J ٣EFF‫א‬F
‫א‬
EF EF
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢٢J ٣‫א‬
Pilot Control Directional Control Valve with
-١٣٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Pilot controlled 3/2-way valve‫א‬ ٢L٣‫א‬

 K‫א‬ ٢L٣‫א‬٢٣J ٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٣٢‫א‬KE٢٣J ٣EF‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬F ١ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   •
K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  KE٢٣J ٣EF
‫א‬ K ٢ ١‫א‬‫א‬ ٣ ٢‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
EF EF
،‫א‬،٢L٣‫א‬٢٣J ٣‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Pilot controlled 3/2-Way solenoid valve,
normally closed with manual override
-١٣٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Pilot controlled 5/2-way single solenoid valve‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٢L٥‫א‬

 K‫א‬٢L٥‫א‬٢٤J ٣‫א‬
١‫א‬KE٢٤J ٣EF‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٥‫א‬٤‫א‬٢‫א‬
KE٢٤J ٣EF‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٣‫א‬٢‫א‬٤‫א‬١‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٨٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
EF
EF
،‫א‬٢L٥‫א‬٢٤J ٣‫א‬
Pilot controlled 5/2-Way single solenoid valve ‫א‬

-١٣٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Pilot controlled 5/2-Way double solenoid valve ‫א‬،٢L٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ٢L٥‫א‬٢٥J ٣‫א‬

٤‫א‬٢١‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE٢٥J ٣EF‫א‬F٥
KE٢٥J ٣EF‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٣‫א‬٢‫א‬٤‫א‬١‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF
EF
‫א‬،٢L٥‫א‬٢٥J ٣‫א‬
Pilot controlled 5/2-Way double solenoid valve
-١٣٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
KE‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬،٣L٥‫א‬
5/3-way valve with exhausted initial position
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ٣L٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٦J ٣‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  •
 ٥ ‫א‬   ٤ ‫א‬  ٣ ‫א‬   ٢ ‫א‬ KE٢٦J ٣EF ‫א‬F ‫א‬
K١‫א‬
J ٣EF‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٣‫א‬٢‫א‬٤‫א‬١‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٦
J ٣EF‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٥‫א‬٤‫א‬٢‫א‬١‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٦
‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
EF
EF
EF
‫א‬،٣L٥‫א‬٢٦J ٣‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F
Pilot controlled 5/3-Way double solenoid valve
(Mid-position exhausted).
-١٣٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٩
K‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ (PLC)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ K‫א‬
 K

Direct and indirect control‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٧J ٣(a)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٩
 Direct control of a single-acting cylinder‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٧J ٣(b)‫א‬ 
  K ٢L٣ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 1Y1 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Indirect control of a single-acting cylinder‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬  ،E٢٧J ٣ ‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    K1 ‫א‬   1Y1‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٣٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٧J ٣‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(b ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(a
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(c
-١٤٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ٩
‫א‬ S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ W

 K‫א‬

 ٤L٢ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٨J ٣(b)  ٢٨J ٣(a) ‫א‬  W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢L٥‫א‬
-١٤١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٨J ٣‫א‬
٢L٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(b ٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(a
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(d‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(c
-١٤٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Logic Operations‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 Parallel connection (OR circuit)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KS2 S1 (٢٩J ٣(b)  ٢٩J ٣(a)‫)א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K(٢٩J ٣(d)٢٩J ٣(c)‫)א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ •
-١٤٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 








 






 EOR Circuit??‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٩J ٣‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(a
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(b
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (c
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(d
-١٤٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Series connection (AND circuit)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

S2S1‫א‬(٣٠J ٣(b)٣٠J ٣(a)‫)א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(٣٠J ٣(d)٣٠J ٣(c)‫)א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •



-١٤٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

















 EAND Circuit??‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٣٠J ٣‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(a 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(b
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (c
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(d
-١٤٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٩
‫א‬ ‫א‬  K(AND) ??  (OR) ??   ٢J ٣  ١J ٣ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٠ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١ •


1Y1 S2  S1 S2‫ א‬S1‫א‬
‫א‬
 ٠  ٠  ٠      
 ١  ٠  ١      
 ١  ١  ٠      
 ١  ١  ١      

OR operation??‫א‬١J ٣‫א‬ 

1Y1 S2  S1 S2‫ א‬S1‫א‬
‫א‬
 ٠  ٠  ٠      
 ٠  ٠  ١      
 ٠  ١  ٠      
 ١  ١  ١      
AND operation??‫א‬٢J ٣‫א‬ 
-١٤٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Signal storage‫א‬٤J ٩
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
   ، K‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬‫א‬   ،‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Signal storage with double solenoid valve ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
valve with double solenoid return stroke control Manual forward and
EWS2،WS1F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K(٣١J ٣(b)٣١J ٣(a)‫)א‬
 ٣١J ٣(c) ‫)א‬        ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬K1Y1‫א‬،S1‫א‬‫א‬K(٣١J ٣(d)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬K1Y2‫א‬،S2‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬S2‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
double solenoid valve stroke control with Automatic return
‫א‬ S1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬٣٢(c)J ٣  (b)٣٢J ٣ ‫א‬  K ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬  S1‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬  1S2 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  1Y2 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،  
 K‫א‬‫א‬،S1‫א‬
-١٤٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Oscillating movement with double solenoid valve‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬KS1‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ W‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  S1‫א‬K(٣٣J ٣(c)  ٣٣J ٣(b)‫)א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ 1S2‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،S1‫א‬‫א‬KS1‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
-١٤٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣١J ٣‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(a
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(b
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (c
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(d
-١٥٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
b)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٢J ٣‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(a
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(b
-١٥١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٣J ٣‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(a
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(b
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(c
-١٥٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Relay circuit with latching‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ،٣{٣٢(a)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “ON”‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬K1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “ON”‫א‬‫ א‬KK1‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K“ON”K‫א‬‫א‬
 Latching circuitE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٣٤J ٣‫א‬

  Dominant ON(a
Dominant OFF (b
  K  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   “OFF” ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ “OFF” “ON”‫א‬‫א‬
 .( Dominant ON latching circuit)?
‫א‬ ٣٢J ٣(a)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٢J ٣(b)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ “OFF”‫א‬‫א‬ “ON”‫א‬
 .( Dominant OFF latching circuit)?‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬
-١٥٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
function via relay with latching return stroke control Manual forward and
‫א‬‫א‬ S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬KS2‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KS2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .( Dominant OFF relay circuit)?‫א‬Y‫א‬‫א‬
-١٥٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٥J ٣‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(a
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(b
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(c
-١٥٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Delay ‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٧J ٣
K‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬
 K‫א‬(time relay)
Control of a cylinder with timing‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ S1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٦J ٣‫א‬F
-١٥٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٦J ٣‫א‬
 E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(a
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(b
-١٥٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١-٣
Sequential control with signal storage by double solenoid valves
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(latching relays)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Feeding device)‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬      K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٣٧J ٣ ‫א‬ 
 K(proximity inductive switches)2B21B12A1A




٣٧J ٣‫א‬
-١٥٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Displacement-step diagram for the feeding device W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K“START”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K1A‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K2A‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
K1A‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
K2A‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K“START”‫א‬
 ٣٨J ٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
1A‫א‬‫א‬
2A‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٨J ٣‫א‬
-١٥٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J ٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٩
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٩J ٣‫א‬
-١٦٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬٤٠J ٣‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٠J ٣‫א‬ 
-١٦١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Sensor evaluation‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ،1B1‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ KE٤١J ٣‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K1‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤١J ٣‫א‬
-١٦٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
First sequence step‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EK1‫א‬1B1‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬1A‫א‬‫א‬ •
EK3‫א‬2B1‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬2A‫א‬‫א‬ •
K(S5)“START”‫א‬‫• א‬
1Y1‫א‬KK6‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K1A‫א‬‫א‬








‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٢J ٣‫א‬ 
-١٦٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Second sequence step‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬1B2‫א‬،1A‫א‬‫א‬
 K2A‫א‬‫א‬2Y1‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٣J ٣‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-١٦٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Third sequence step‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬2B2‫א‬،2A‫א‬‫א‬
 K1A‫א‬‫א‬1Y2‫א‬K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٤J ٣‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








-١٦٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

 Fourth sequence step‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬1B1‫א‬،1A‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣{٤٥‫א‬ K2A‫א‬‫א‬2Y2‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٥J ٣‫א‬
-١٦٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Hydraulic power supply unit ‫א‬‫א‬١J ١٠

‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 WE١J ٤‫א‬F‫א‬
‫• א‬
‫• א‬
‫א‬ •
‫• א‬
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫• א‬
‫• א‬
‫• א‬
‫א‬               ، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤‫א‬
- ١٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
EF‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤‫א‬
- ١٦٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    



‫א‬‫א‬ 






٢L٣ 





 
 ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤‫א‬


- ١٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Drive‫א‬٢J ١٠
‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ٣J ٤ ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 K

٣J ٤‫א‬ 
 Hydraulic Pump‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١٠
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  KE F 
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬ ‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   W‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬-
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٧٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  
 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 

 
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬
‫א‬


‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٤‫א‬



- ١٧١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬
(r.p.m) (cm3) (bar)
 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 
 

 

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٤‫א‬
- ١٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
  Gear pumpW
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
Gear pump٦J ٤‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ S ‫א‬K٦J ٤ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬    ‫א‬   ،‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬ P ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬
K

- ١٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Couplings‫א‬٤J ١٠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬       K‫א‬
   ‫א‬   K‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 •
 •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
Reservoir‫א‬‫א‬٥J ١٠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    •
 KE‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •

- ١٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Filters‫א‬٦J ١٠

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬ ،،، ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬      ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ٧J ٤ ‫א‬ 
K
 Z‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٤‫א‬
 

- ١٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Coolers‫א‬‫א‬٧J ١٠
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
– ٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
       ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  K  ٦٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(thermostat)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٥‫א‬W‫א‬ •
 K٣٥‫א‬W •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬٩J ٤٨J ٤‫א‬
‫א‬٩J ٤‫א‬ ٨J ٤‫א‬
- ١٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Heaters ‫א‬٨J ١٠
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬             K‫א‬
 K‫א‬١٠J ٤‫א‬


١٠J ٤‫א‬









- ١٧٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   K   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

‫א‬ ١٣J ٣ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ١٢J ٤  ١١J ٤ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٧٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Single-acting cylinder ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١١

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١١J ٤‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Wiper K١
Venting screw‫א‬ K٢
Piston rod‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
Cylinder barrel‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
Cylinder rod bearing‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
Seal‫א‬ K٦
Mounting screw‫א‬ K٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬١١J ٤ ‫א‬
Single Acting Cylinder



- ١٧٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Double Acting Cylinder‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١١

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٢J ٤‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
.
Piston K١
Piston rod ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
Cylinder rod bearing‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
Annular piston surface‫א‬ K٤
Piston surface‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬١٢J ٤ ‫א‬
Double Acting Cylinder
- ١٨٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
٢W١‫א‬
W‫א‬F

‫א‬‫ א‬KE‫א‬
‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
(A1=A2)
‫א‬‫ א‬Z‫א‬
‫א‬
  ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬



‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٣J ٤‫א‬
- ١٨١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
  Hydraulic valves‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١١

Pressure valves ‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ١١
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬ -

 K‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W‫א‬   -
K‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬١٤J ٤‫א‬
‫א‬
Pressure relief valve

‫א‬
 
Two-way pressure
regulator
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
Three-way pressure
regulator
 ‫א‬‫א‬١٤J ٤‫א‬

- ١٨٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Pressure relief valves ‫א‬J ‫א‬

   (poppet valves)     ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(slide valves)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١٥J ٤‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٦J ٤‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kp1.A1ZF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ،‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬١٧J ٤‫א‬








- ١٨٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    


‫א‬‫א‬١٥J ٤‫א‬
- ١٨٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬١٦J ٤‫א‬




- ١٨٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    




‫א‬١٧J ٤‫א‬
 W‫א‬
     ‫א‬    :Safety valves ‫א‬  J 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  K ‫א‬‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  W Brake valves‫א‬  J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬WSequence valve ‫א‬ ‫א‬J 

K‫א‬‫א‬


- ١٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Pressure regulators ‫א‬J 

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ١٩J ٤‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬١٨J ٤‫א‬
- ١٨٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 WE١٩J ٤‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(1)‫א‬(A)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(3)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،(A)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
W‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬١٩J ٤‫א‬




- ١٨٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
  K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
 KDIN 150129‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٢L٢٢٠J ٣‫א‬
 











٢L٢٢٠J ٤‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 WE٢١J ٤‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
   (L)         ‫א‬  •
K‫א‬
- ١٨٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 K


 K


 K


K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢١J ٤‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢L٢ •
 ٢L٣ •
 ٢L٤ •
 ٢L٥ •
 ٣L٤ •
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٢J ٤‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٩٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 (P,A)‫א‬‫א‬

 ٢L٢ (P A)‫א‬‫א‬
 (P,T A)‫א‬‫א‬

 
٢L٣ (T,P A) ‫א‬‫א‬
٢/٤ ‫א‬‫א‬
(P B, A T)
٢L٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
(A R, P B, T)
٣L٤  ‫א‬
(P, A, B, T)
٣L٤  ‫א‬‫א‬
(P T, A, B)
٣L٤ H‫א‬‫א‬
(P A B T)
٣L٤  ‫א‬
(P, A B T) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
٣L٤
(P A B, T)
 ‫א‬‫א‬٢٢J ٤ ‫א‬ 
- ١٩١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
2/2-way valve٢L٢‫א‬‫א‬J ١
E٢٣J ٤‫א‬F(P)(A)٢L٢‫א‬‫א‬
٢L٢ ٤{٢٣‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEF٢L٢٢٤J ٤‫א‬
APW‫א‬ APW‫א‬‫א‬
 ،٢L٢٢٣J ٤‫א‬
2/2 way valve, spool design 








EF٢L٢٢٤J ٤‫א‬

2/2 way valve, poppet design

- ١٩٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ٢L٢   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ٢٥J ٤ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٦J ٣‫א‬


 


















‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥J ٤‫א‬ 



- ١٩٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
٢L٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٦J ٤‫א‬
- ١٩٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
3/2-way valve٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
(T)‫א‬‫א‬ (P) (A) ٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٢٧J ٤‫א‬F
KT A PW‫א‬‫• א‬
KAPT ‫א‬W‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬APW‫א‬‫א‬٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٨J ٤‫א‬








EF،٢L٣٢٧J ٤‫א‬
3/2 way valve, poppet design 








- ١٩٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬K
K٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٨J ٤‫א‬


- ١٩٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
4/2-way valve٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
    (P)    (B)  (A)    ٢L٣ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬    ‫א‬    KE٣٠J ٤  ٢٩J ٤ ‫א‬F (T) ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
KT A BP‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
KTBAP‫א‬W‫א‬ •
  ٢L٤٢٩J ٤‫א‬

with three control pistons 4/2 way valve
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ٣L٤ ٣٠J ٤‫א‬

KL

  ٢L٤ ٣٠J ٤‫א‬
with two control pistons 4/2 way valve
- ١٩٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٢L٤‫א‬
 K٢L٢٢L٣
 W،٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٣١J ٤‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢L٤‫א‬٢L٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٣٢J ٤‫א‬















‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬K 

K٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣١J ٤‫א‬  

- ١٩٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
K٢L٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٢J ٤‫א‬
- ١٩٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
4/3-way valve٣L٤‫א‬‫א‬J ٤
٣L٤ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K ٣L٤      ٣٣J ٤ ‫א‬ 
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣L٤‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ٣L٤‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٤J ٤‫א‬K٢L٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٣L٤٣٣J ٤‫א‬
- ٢٠٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    






 ‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 –‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
 H–‫א‬‫א‬ 
 
 
‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬ 

 –‫א‬‫א‬ 


٣L٤‫א‬‫א‬٣٤J ٤‫א‬


 K٣٥J ٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣L٤‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٠١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬K
K٣L٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٥J ٤‫א‬
- ٢٠٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Non-return valves ‫א‬٣J ٢J ١١

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   E       ‫א‬F ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 W‫א‬
 •
  •
Spring loaded non-return valveJ ١

    (p1) ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K     ٣٦J ٤ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ،   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K(p2) ‫א‬
 W‫א‬(p2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
p1 > p2 + pF
 W‫א‬(pF)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٣٧J ٤‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   -
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

 K‫א‬‫א‬٣٨J ٣‫א‬
- ٢٠٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
‫א‬

‫א‬
 
Acone ،‫א‬
٣٦J ٤‫א‬







- ٢٠٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    









‫א‬‫א‬٣٧J ٤‫א‬
- ٢٠٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    


 K(lockable) ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K(de-lockable) ،
 K‫א‬‫א‬



E‫א‬F
،
(de-lockable)
‫א‬‫א‬٣٨J ٤‫א‬
- ٢٠٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Piloted non-return valveJ ٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٩J ٤‫א‬
AB •
BA •
‫א‬‫א‬X‫א‬‫א‬WAB •
 KAB‫א‬‫א‬


AB





 BA 





AB 


 ٣٩J ٤‫א‬ 
Piloted non-return valve  
- ٢٠٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،٤٠J ٤ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K
‫א‬٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ X‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
















 ‫א‬٤٠J ٤‫א‬ 
K 

- ٢٠٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
 Flow control valves ‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢J ١١

K ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
٤٣J ٤٤٢J ٤‫א‬‫א‬٤١J ٤‫א‬
J ٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬٤٤

 (Orifice valves)‫א‬‫א‬(Restrictors)‫א‬‫א‬J ١
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 (Q)‫א‬ (Q)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٤١J ٤‫א‬

- ٢٠٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
One-way flow control valve ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J ٢
















‫א‬‫א‬٤٢J ٤‫א‬
One-way flow control valve 







- ٢١٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    
Two-way flow control valve ‫א‬‫א‬J ٣
‫א‬‫א‬٤٣J ٤‫א‬
Two-way flow control valve
- ٢١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬    




‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٤J ٤‫א‬
- ٢١٢ -
 ‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    
2/2-way valve ٢L٢

3/2-way valve ٢L٣
4/2-way valve ٢L٤
4/3-way valve ٣L٤
5/2-way valve ٢L٥
5/3-way valve ٣L٥
Absolute pressure  ‫א‬‫א‬

Actuators  ‫א‬
Air compressor ‫א‬
Air bleeder  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Air distribution ‫א‬‫א‬
Air dryers ‫א‬
Air filter ‫א‬
Air lubricator ‫א‬
Air motor ‫א‬
Air reservoir ‫א‬‫א‬
Air preparation equipment  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Air supply ‫א‬
Ambient  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Analogue control 
Applications 
Barometer  ‫א‬‫א‬
Binary control 
- ٢١٣ -
 ‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    

Check valves ‫א‬‫א‬
Circuit diagram ‫א‬
Clamping devices 
Components 
Compressor 
Compressed air regulators ‫א‬
Condensate ‫א‬
Coordinated motion 
Components 
Compressor 
Compressed air regulators ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
End position cushioning ‫א‬‫א‬

Energy ‫א‬
Fault finding 

Filters 
Fitting of valves ‫א‬
Flow compressors ‫א‬‫א‬
Flow control elements ‫א‬‫א‬
Flow control valves ‫א‬‫א‬
Fluid EF
Force 
Friction  ‫א‬
Gauge pressure  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Gear motors 
Handling technology ‫א‬

- ٢١٤ -
 ‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    

Heater 
Hydraulic 
Idle roller lever valve ‫א‬

Indirect control of a pneumatic cylinder ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Input element
Lettering system ‫א‬

Line  
Linear actuators ‫א‬‫א‬
Linear motion 
Logic control ‫א‬‫א‬
Lubrication ‫א‬
Non-return valves ‫א‬‫א‬
Operational safety ‫א‬
Pilot control system ‫א‬

Piston force ‫א‬
Piston motors 
Pneumatic elements 
Poppet valves 
Positional sketch 
Power components ‫א‬
Pressure control valves ‫א‬‫א‬
Pressure level ‫א‬
Pressure regulator ‫א‬
Pressure sequence valve 
- ٢١٥ -
 ‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    

Processors: Valves and logic elements W‫א‬
Quick exhaust valve ‫א‬
Reciprocating compressor 

Reservoir ‫א‬
Rodless cylinder ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Roller lever valve  ‫א‬‫א‬
Rotary actuators ‫א‬
Rotary motion ‫א‬
Rotary piston compressor ‫א‬
Seal  ‫א‬
Sequence control  
Sequence valves 
Shut-off valves ‫א‬‫א‬
Shuttle OR valve EF
Signal flow 
Single-acting cylinder ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Slide valves  
Sliding-vane motors ‫א‬
Standards 
Tandem double-acting cylinder  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Throttle valve  
Time delay valve  ‫א‬‫א‬
Vent hole 
- ٢١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    


References

1. Harry L. Stewart, “Pneumatics and Hydraulics”, Macmillan Publisher Co, New York, 1987.
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،?‫א‬‫?א‬ .٢
K١٩٩٧
3. 6. Peter Croser and Frank Ebel “ Pneumatics - Basic Level”, Festo Didactic Gmbh, 2002.
4. D. Merkle, B.Schrader and M. Thomes, “Hydraulics - Basic Level Textbook”, Festo Didactic
Gmbh, 2003.
5. D. Waller and H. Werner, “Fundamentals of Electropneumatics”, Festo Didactic Gmbh, 2000.
6. “Hydraulic Components Catalogue”, Mannesmann Rexroth Gmbh, 1991
- ٢١٧ -
 ‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    

‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬
 ١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬١J ١
 ١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫؟‬‫א‬١J ١J ١
 ١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٢J ١J ١
 ٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥J ١J ١
 ٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬ ٢J ١
 ٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١
 ٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬٥J ١
 ٨  KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٥J ١
 ٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ١
 ١٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١J ٢
 ١٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢
 ١٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٣J ٢
 ١٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢
 ١٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٢
 ١٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٦J ٢
 ‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    

 ‫א‬ 
 ١٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
١٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١J ٣
 ١٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٢J ٣
٢٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٣
٢٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣
٢٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ٣
 ٢٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ٣
 ٣٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬ ٤J ٤J ٣
 ٣٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤
٣٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤
 ٤١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٤
 ٤٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٤
 ٤٤ (ISO)‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٤
٤٤ (ISO)‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٤
٤٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٤٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١J ٥
٤٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫ א‬٢J ٥
 ٥٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢L٢١J ٢J ٥
 ٥٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢L٣٢J ٢J ٥
٥٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ٥
 ‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    

 
‫א‬ 
٥٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢L٤‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢J ٥
٥٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣L٤‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٢J ٥
٥٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢L٥‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٢J ٥
 ٦١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣L٥‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٢J ٥
 ٦٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫ א‬‫א‬٣J ٥
 ٦٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٥
٦٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬٢J ٣J ٥
 ٦٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬F٣J ٣J ٥
 ٦٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣J ٥
٦٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٥
٦٧  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ٥
٦٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK،،‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ٥
٦٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٥J ٥
٦٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬١J ٥J ٥
٧٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٥J ٥
٧١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣J ٥J ٥
٧٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
٧٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ٢J ٦
٧٧ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٦
٧٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٢J ٦
٧٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٢J ٦
٨١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٦
 ‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    

 
‫א‬ 
٨١ KKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ٦
٨٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ٦
٨٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKORANDW‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٦
٨٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKAND‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤J ٦
٨٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKOR‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤J ٦
٩١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٦
٩٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٦
٩٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٧J ٦
٩٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٦
١٠١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩J ٦
١٠١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٩J ٦
١٠١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٩J ٦
 
 ١٠٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١١٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٧
 ١١٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٢J ٧
 ١١٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٣J ٧
 ١١٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٤J ٧
 ١١٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٧
 ١١٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٧
 ١١٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    

 ١١٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬١J ٨
 ١١٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٨
 ١٢١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٨
 ١٣١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٨
 ١٣٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٨
 ١٣٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦J ٨
 ١٣٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٩
 ١٣٩ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١J ٩
 ١٤١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١J ٩
 ١٤٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٩
 ١٤٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٩
 ١٤٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٤J ٩
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٥J ٩
  
 ١٦٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٦٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١J ١٠
 ١٧٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٢J ١٠
 ١٧٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١٠
 ١٧٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٤J ١٠
 ١٧٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٥J ١٠
 ١٧٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٦J ١٠
 ١٧٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٧J ١٠
 ‫א‬  ٢١٤  ‫א‬
    

 ١٧٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٨J ١٠
 ١٧٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٧٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ١١
 ١٨٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ١١
 ١٨٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣J ١١
 ١٨٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١J ٣J ١١
 ١٨٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٣J ١١
 ٢٠٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ١١
 ٢٠٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٢J ١١
 ٢١٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬
 ٢١٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬
   


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

اساسيات التحكم cnc

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

اساسيات التحكم cnc

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

اساسيات التحكم cnc

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٤J ١‫א‬

W(barometric pressureF Pamb.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬WHydrostatic Pressure (Ps)‫א‬‫א‬ J ٤

 W[j or N-m](x)‫ א‬(‫)א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ 8 cm2‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 Power source ‫א‬ J

‫א‬ ٢J ٢‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٤J ٢‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬

       

‫א‬  ??

800kPa (8 bar)K(two stage compressor)‫א‬‫א‬ J

WService Unit ‫א‬٣J ٤J ٣

(Single acting cylinders) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٤

(Double acting cylinders)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢J ٤

E٢٢J ٢‫א‬F (Band or cable cylinder)‫א‬‫א‬ •

(Band or cable cylinder)‫א‬٢٢J ٢‫א‬

(Rotary cylinders and Swivel drive)E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٤

( Swivel drive)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥J ٢‫א‬

(Rotary cylinder) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٦J ٢‫א‬

(Directional control valves)‫א‬‫ א‬٢J ٥

W(Number of ports or openings)E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ DIN ISO 5599-3‫א‬

   3/2-way valve W •

DIN ISO 1219‫א‬٣٢J ٢‫א‬

٢L٣‫א‬‫א‬WE٣٤J ٢‫א‬F (3/2-way valve) ٢L٣ ٢J ٢J ٥

‫א‬K(Disc seat)‫א‬ ٢L٣ ٣٥J ٢‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬، W٢L٣‫א‬٣٥J ٢‫א‬

 ٢ ١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٢L٣‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ٣٧J ٢‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ WE٣٩J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣J ٢J ٥

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٣ ٤٠J ٢‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ٢L٤ ٤٤J ٢‫א‬

K‫א‬ ٢L٥ ٤٧J ٢‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ٤٩J ٢‫א‬

 :Dual-Pressure Valve (AND Function)E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬٢J ٣J ٥

Dual-Pressure Valve (AND Function)E‫א‬F‫א‬٥١J ٢‫א‬

WShuttle Valve (OR Function)E٥٢J ٢‫א‬FE‫א‬F٣J ٣J ٥

:Quick Exhaust Valve‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٣J ٥

Flow Control Valves‫א‬‫א‬٤J ٥

٥٥J ٢‫א‬ ٥٤J ٢‫א‬

Pressure Valves ‫א‬٥J ٥

‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ٥٩J ٢

 Pressure Sequence Valve W٣J ٥J ٥

0Z1, 0Z2…  ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

‫א‬ ٦٣J ٢‫א‬

 1A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE٧٠J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W

‫א‬‫א‬ KE٧٨J ٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  W

 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 

 :Time Delay Valve‫א‬‫א‬٨J ٦

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨٥J ٢‫א‬W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬K1S3‫א‬، 1A‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 Direct current and alternating current‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١J ٧

Ohm's Law ٢J ٧