The nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen cycle
The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. This transformation can be carried out through both biological and physical processes. Important processes in the nitrogen cycle include fixation, Ammonification, nitrification, and denitrification.

Importance of the nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen is an element vital to all life processes on Earth. To appreciate the importance of nitrogen in our biosphere, simply realize nitrogen comprises 78% of the atmosphere, and is embedded in every living tissue! It is a component of amino acids, proteins and nucleic acids. With the exception of carbon, nitrogen is the most universal element of life Put simply: Life could not exists without nitrogen. Aside from organic development, nitrogenous compounds are also required by some organisms for metabolic functions and respiration.

How is nitrogen fixed in the soil

Nitrogen is fixed in the soil by adding fertilizers, nitrogen fixing bacteria and lightening.

Chemical reactions and equations in the nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen fixation: Nitrogen in the air (N2) is combined with hydrogen gas (H2) to make ammonia (NH3). Formula: (N2 + 3H2 2 NH3)

Ammonification: Decomposers, bacteria and fungi break down dead life into different parts, releasing ammonium (NH4) into the soil. Bacteria convert the ammonium into nitrite (NO2-) and then into nitrate (NO3-),which plants also use.
Formula: (NH4+ NO2NO3-)

 Nitrification: Ammonium ions are converted into nitrite ions under anaerobic conditions. Nitrite ions are converted to nitrate ions by nitrifying bacteria. Formula: ( Denitrification: Under anaerobic conditions, denitrifying bacteria convert nitrate ions in the soil back to nitrogen gas which escapes into the atmosphere. Formula: (2NO3- + 2NO2 N2)