Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Class D Tutorial
Class D Tutorial
Gate Driver
How to drive the gate, key parameters in gate drive stage
MOSFET
How to choose, tradeoff relationships, loss calculation
Package
Importance of layout and package, new packaging technology
Design Example
200W+200W stereo Class D amplifier www.irf.com
Prepared Oct.8 2003 by Jun Honda and Jorge Cerezo
www.irf.com
Vcc
Error amp
Bias
Vcc
Class AB amplifier uses linear regulating transistors to modulate output voltage. = 30% at temp rise test condition.
www.irf.com
Feed back
+V C C
Nch
Error Amp
COMP
Dead Time
Nch
-V C C
Class D amplifier uses MOSFETs that are either ON or OFF. PWM technique is used to express analog audio signals with ON or OFF states in output devices.www.irf.com
COMP
LPF
www.irf.com
Efficiency
Output
Output
Gain PSRR
Direction of energy flow
Proportional to Vbus
0 dB
Both way
Creates Vbus pumping phenomena
www.irf.com
Class D Amplifier
Gate Driver
3 2
3 2
Vref
Both current directions Influence of dead time is different Dead time needs to be very tight
Duty ratio is fixed Independent optimization for HS/LS Low RDS(ON) for longer duty, low Qg for shorter duty
Duty varies but average is 50% Same optimization for both MOSFETs Same RDS(ON) required for both sides www.irf.com
Loss
VCC 8 RL
2
Pc = 0.2
Vcc 2 = 8 RL
2K K 2 2
K=2/
K=1
Loss in Class D
PTOTAL = Psw + Pcond + Pgd
Pcond = RDS (ON ) RL Po
2
4 MOSFETs/CH 2 Gate Drivers/CH Superior (No even order HD) Can be cancelled out 3 level PWM can be implemented Suitable for open loop design
www.irf.com
Audio source
PWM
Gate Driver
-V C C
ON delay
OFF delay
Finite dV/dt
www.irf.com
High Side
OFF ON
Low Side
OFF
34 40 30 20 10 Vout( t ) 0 10 20 30 34 40 0 0
THD=2.1%
THD=0.18%
V2 + V3 + V fundamental
Note: THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) is a means to measure linearity with sinusoidal signal. 2 2
5 .10
4
0.002 0.0021
THD =
www.irf.com
( O v e r la p t im e m e a s u r e d f r o m 5 0 % V g s h ig h s id e f a ll t o 1 0 % V g s lo w s id e r is e )
0 -10 -5 0 5 O v e r la p tim e (n s ) 10 15 20
-Shoot through charge increases rapidly as dead time gets shorter. -Need to consider manufacturing tolerances and temperature characteristics.
www.irf.com
Commutation current
Half Bridge
Load Current -Significant at low frequency output -Significant at low load impedance -Significant at small bus capacitors -Largest at duty = 25%, and 75%
Full Bridge
Commutation current
www.irf.com
1. 2. 3.
Low side drains inductor current During dead time body diode of low side conducts and keep inductor current flow At the moment high side is turned ON after dead time, the body diode is still conducting to wipe away minority carrier charge stored in the duration of forward conduction.