Challenge Problems - Stoichiometry

1. Aspirin, C9H8O4, is made by the reaction of salicylic acid, C7H6O3, and acetic anhydride, C4H6O3, with the co-production of acetic acid. How many grams of each of the reactants are required to produce 75.0 g of aspirin? A. 75.0 g x 1 mol/180 g = 0.417 mol Aspirin C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 -------> C9H8O4 + HC2H3O2 0.417 mol Aspirin x 1/1 for each reactant = 0.417 mol for each reactant 0.417 mol x 138 g salicylic acid/1 mol = 57.5 g salicylic acid 0.417 mol x 102 g acetic anhydride/1 mol = 42.5 g acetic anhydride

2. Borax, Na2B4O710H2O, is an important household cleaner. Its ore, kernite, has the formula Na2B4O74H2O. If kernite is shipped, and then treated with water to form Borax at the destination, how much shipping mass is saved if 2500 kg of kernite is shipped? A. 2500 kg x 1000 g / 1 kg = 2,500,000 g or 2.5 x 10 g 2.5 x 10 g kernite x 1 mol/273.2 g = 9150.8 mol 9150.8 mol x 6 mol water/1 mol kernite = 5.49048 x 10 mol water 5.49048 x 10 mol water x 18.0 g/1 mol = 9.883 x 10 g water or 980 kg (sig. digits) of water
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3. You have a solid 7.00 gram mixture of sodium nitrate and silver nitrate. You add distilled water to dissolve the solids. Now you have an aqueous solutions of sodium nitrate and silver nitrate. Next you add excess sodium chloride which results in a precipitate forming. You collect and dry the precipitate that forms and it has a mass of 2.54 grams. Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction that occurred. Determine the percent silver nitrate in the original mixture by mass assuming 95.9% actual yield. Ag+1(aq) + Cl(aq) ----> AgNO3(aq) + NaCl ----> AgCl(s) (net ionic) AgCl(s) + NaNO3 (complete balanced)

2.54 g * 1 mol/143.4 g = 0.0177 mol AgCl * 1 mol/1 mol = 0.0177 mol Ag NO3 0.0177 mol AgNO3 * 169.9 g/ 1 mol = 3.00 g AgNO3 Percent Yield = (Actual/Theoretical) x 100% 3.00 g AgNO3 * 100 % / 95.9% = 3.13 g 3.13 g AgNO3/7.00 g total mixture * 100% = 44.7% AgNO3

4. What is the empirical formula of a hydrocarbon which when 3.60 grams of the hydrocarbon is burned produces 11.9 grams of carbon dioxide and 3.25 g of water.
A. CxHy + O2 ------> CO2 + H2O 2/18 x 3.25 g H2O = 0.361 g H from the original compound 12/44 x 11.9 g CO2 = 3.24 g C from the original compound 0.361 g H x 1 mol/1 g = 0.361 mol H divide by 0.27 = 1.34 mol H x 3 = 4 mol H 3.24 g C x 1 mol/12 g = 0.27 mol C divide by 0.27 = 1 mol C x 3 = 3 mol C Empirical Formula = C3H4