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Integral Properties
Integral Properties
Integral Properties
Math 111
(f + g ) =
a a
f+
a
g,
and
a
cf = c
a
f.
b a
If f and g are integrable on [a, b] and f (x) g (x) for all x [a, b], then In other words, integrals preserve inequalities. If f is integrable on [a, b] and a < c < b, then
b c b
b a
g.
f=
a a
f+
c
f.
(continuous integrable) If f is continuous on [a, b], then f is integrable on [a, b]. (Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, FTC) If f is integrable on [a, b] and there exists a function g , continuous on [a, b] and dierentiable on (a, b), such that f = g , then
b b
f = g (b) g (a),
a
i.e.,
a
g = g (b) g (a).
(Mean Value Theorem for Integrals) Suppose f is continuous on [a, b]. Then there exists c [a, b] such that b f a . f (c) = ba This number is the average value of f on [a, b]. (Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, FTC2) Suppose f is continuous on an open interval I containing the point a. For x I , dene
x
F (x) =
a
f.
Then, F (x) = f (x) for all x I . In other words, the FTC2 says that continuous functions have antiderivatives.