WOMAN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

"Frailty, thy name is WOMAN." "The Earth waits for her Queen."

The connection between these quotations may not be obvious but it is st!ict. Yet wou"# any cont!a#ict us i$ we ma#e them a%%"icab"e to the othe! si#e an# be&an a"so
Frailty, thy name is MAN. The Earth waits for its King?

Yet Man i$ not yet $u""y insta""e# in his %owe!s has &iven much ea!nest o$ his c"aims. '!ai" he is in#ee# (how $!ai") how im%u!e) Yet o$ten has the vein o$ &o"# #is%"aye# itse"$ ami# the base! o!es an# Man has a%%ea!e# be$o!e us in %!ince"y %!omise wo!thy o$ his $utu!e. I$ o$tentimes we see the %!o#i&a" son $ee#in& on the hus*s in the $ai! $ie"# no mo!e his own anon we !aise the eye"i#s heavy $!om bitte! tea!s to beho"# in him the !a#iant a%%a!ition o$ &enius an# "ove #eman#in& not "ess than the a"" o$ &oo#ness %owe! an# beauty. We see that in him the "a!&est c"aim $in#s a #ue $oun#ation. That c"aim is $o! no %a!tia" sway no e+c"usive %ossession. He cannot be satis$ie# with any one &i$t o$ "i$e any one #e%a!tment o$ *now"e#&e o! te"esco%ic %ee% at the heavens. He $ee"s himse"$ ca""e# to un#e!stan# an# ai# Natu!e that she may th!ou&h his inte""i&ence be !aise# an# inte!%!ete#, to be a stu#ent o$ an# se!vant to the unive!se-s%i!it, an# *in& o$ his %"anet that as an an&e"ic ministe! he may b!in& it into conscious ha!mony with the "aw o$ that s%i!it. In c"ea! t!ium%hant moments many times has !un& th!ou&h the s%he!es the %!o%hecy o$ his .ubi"ee, an# those moments thou&h %ast in time have been t!ans"ate# into ete!nity by thou&ht, the b!i&ht si&ns they "e$t han& in the heavens as sin&"e sta!s o! conste""ations an# a"!ea#y a thic*"y sown !a#iance conso"es the wan#e!e! in the #a!*est ni&ht. Othe! he!oes since He!cu"es have $u"$i""e# the /o#iac o$ bene$icent "abo!s an# then &iven u% thei! mo!ta" %a!t to the $i!e without a mu!mu!, whi"e no 0o# #a!e# #eny that they shou"# have thei! !ewa!#
i!uis tamen, "er#ule, si!uis Forte $eo %oliturus erit, %aia &raemia nollet, e% meruise %ari s#iet, in'itus !ue &ro(a(it, Assensere $ei

1a&es an# "aw&ive!s have bent thei! who"e natu!e to the sea!ch $o! t!uth an# thou&ht themse"ves ha%%y i$ they cou"# buy with the sac!i$ice o$ a"" tem%o!a" ease an# %"easu!e one see# $o! the $utu!e E#en. 2oets an# %!iests have st!un& the "y!e with the hea!t-st!in&s %ou!e# out thei! best b"oo# u%on the a"ta! which !ea!e# anew $!om a&e to a&e sha"" at "ast sustain the $"ame %u!e enou&h to !ise to hi&hest heaven. 1ha"" we not name with as #ee% a bene#iction those who i$ not so imme#iate"y o! so conscious"y in connection with the ete!na" t!uth yet "e# an# $ashione# by a #ivine instinct se!ve no "ess to #eve"o% an# inte!%!et the o%en sec!et o$ "ove %assin& into "i$e ene!&y c!eatin& $o! the %u!%ose o$ ha%%iness, the a!tist whose han# #!awn by a %!ee+istent ha!mony to a ce!tain me#ium mou"#s it to $o!ms o$ "i$e mo!e hi&h"y an# com%"ete"y o!&ani/e# than a!e seen e"sewhe!e an# by ca!!yin& out the intention o$ natu!e !evea"s he! meanin& to those who a!e not yet wise enou&h to #ivine it, the %hi"oso%he! who "istens stea#i"y $o! "aws an# causes an# $!om those obvious in$e!s those yet un*nown, the histo!ian who in $aith that a"" events must have thei! !eason an# thei! aim !eco!#s them an# thus $i""s a!chives $!om which the youth o$ %!o%hets may be $e#, the man o$ science #issectin& the statements testin& the $acts an# #emonst!atin& o!#e! even whe!e he cannot its %u!%ose3 4ives too which bea! none o$ these names have yie"#e# tones o$ no "ess si&ni$icance. The can#"estic* set in a "ow %"ace has &iven "i&ht as $aith$u""y whe!e it was nee#e# as that u%on the hi""

In c"ose a""eys in #isma" noo*s the Wo!# has been !ea# as #istinct"y as when shown by an&e"s to ho"y men in the #a!* %!ison. Those who ti"" a s%ot o$ ea!th sca!ce"y "a!&e! than is wante# $o! a &!ave have #ese!ve# that the sun shou"# shine u%on its so# ti"" vio"ets answe!. 1o &!eat has been $!om time to time the %!omise that in a"" a&es men have sai# the &o#s themse"ves came #own to #we"" with them, that the A""-C!eatin& wan#e!e# on the ea!th to taste in a "imite# natu!e the sweetness o$ vi!tue, that the A""-1ustainin& inca!nate# himse"$ to &ua!# in s%ace an# time the #estinies o$ this wo!"#, that heaven"y &enius #we"t amon& the she%he!#s to sin& to them an# teach them how to sin&. In#ee#
"$er stets %en "irten gna%ig si#h (ewies."

5He has constant"y shown himse"$ $avo!ab"e to she%he!#s.5 An# the #we""e!s in &!een %astu!es an# natu!a" stu#ents o$ the sta!s we!e se"ecte# to hai" $i!st amon& men the ho"y chi"# whose "i$e an# #eath we!e to %!esent the ty%e o$ e+ce""ence which has sustaine# the hea!t o$ so "a!&e a %o!tion o$ man*in# in these "ate! &ene!ations. 1uch ma!*s have been ma#e by the $ootste%s o$ man 6sti"" a"as) to be s%o*en o$ as the ideal man7 whe!eve! he has %asse# th!ou&h the wi"#e!ness o$ men an# wheneve! the %i&mies ste%%e# in one o$ those they $e"t #i"ate within the b!east somewhat that %!omise# nob"e! statu!e an# %u!e! b"oo#. They we!e im%e""e# to $o!sa*e thei! evi" ways o$ #ec!e%it sce%ticism an# covetousness o$ co!!u%tib"e %ossessions. Convictions $"owe# in u%on them. They too !aise# the c!y8 0o# is "ivin& now to-#ay, an# a"" bein&s a!e b!othe!s $o! they a!e his chi"#!en. 1im%"e wo!#s enou&h yet which on"y an&e"ic natu!es can use o! hea! in thei! $u"" $!ee sense. These we!e the t!ium%hant moments, but soon the "owe! natu!e too* its tu!n an# the e!a o$ a t!u"y human "i$e was %ost%one#. Thus is man sti"" a st!an&e! to his inhe!itance sti"" a %"ea#e! sti"" a %i"&!im. Yet his ha%%iness is secu!e in the en#. An# now no mo!e a &"imme!in& consciousness but assu!ance be&ins to be $e"t an# s%o*en that the hi&hest i#ea" Man can $o!m o$ his own %owe!s is that which he is #estine# to attain. Whateve! the sou" *nows how to see* it cannot $ai" to obtain. This is the 4aw an# the 2!o%hets. 9noc* an# it sha"" be o%ene#, see* an# ye sha"" $in#. It is #emonst!ate#, it is a ma+im. Man no "on&e! %aints his %!o%e! natu!e in some $o!m an# says 52!ometheus ha# it, it is 0o#-"i*e,5 but 5Man must have it, it is human.5 Howeve! #is%ute# by many howeve! i&no!ant"y use# o! $a"si$ie# by those who #o !eceive it the $act o$ an unive!sa" unceasin& !eve"ation has been too c"ea!"y state# in wo!#s to be "ost si&ht o$ in thou&ht, an# se!mons %!eache# $!om the te+t 5:e ye %e!$ect 5 a!e the on"y se!mons o$ a %e!vasive an# #ee%-sea!chin& in$"uence. :ut amon& those who me#itate u%on this te+t the!e is a &!eat #i$$e!ence o$ view as to the way in which %e!$ection sha"" be sou&ht. 5Th!ou&h the inte""ect 5 say some. 50athe! $!om eve!y &!owth o$ "i$e its see# o$ thou&ht, "oo* behin# eve!y symbo" $o! its "aw, i$ thou canst see c"ea!"y the !est wi"" $o""ow.5 5Th!ou&h the "i$e 5 say othe!s. 5;o the best thou *nowest to#ay. 1h!in* not $!om $!equent e!!o! in this &!a#ua" $!a&menta!y state. 'o""ow thy "i&ht $o! as much as it wi"" show thee, be $aith$u" as $a! as thou canst in ho%e that $aith %!esent"y wi"" "ea# to si&ht. He"% othe!s without b"amin& thei! nee# o$ thy he"%. 4ove much an# be $o!&iven.5 5It nee#s not inte""ect nee#s not e+%e!ience 5 says a thi!#. 5I$ you too* the t!ue way you! #estiny wou"# be accom%"ishe# in a %u!e! an# mo!e natu!a" o!#e!. You wou"# not "ea!n th!ou&h $acts o$ thou&ht o! action but e+%!ess th!ou&h them the ce!tainties o$ wis#om. In quietness yie"# thy sou" to the causa" sou". ;o not #istu!b thy a%%!enticeshi% by %!ematu!e e$$o!t, neithe! chec* the ti#e o$ inst!uction by metho#s o$ thy own. :e sti"", see* not but wait in obe#ience. Thy commission wi"" be &iven.5 Cou"# we in#ee# say what we want cou"# we &ive a #esc!i%tion o$ the chi"# that is "ost he wou"#

be $oun#. As soon as the sou" can a$$i!m c"ea!"y that a ce!tain #emonst!ation is wante# it is at han#. When the <ewish %!o%het #esc!ibe# the 4amb as the e+%!ession o$ what was !equi!e# by the comin& e!a the time #!ew ni&h. :ut we say not see not as yet c"ea!"y what we wou"#. Those who ca"" $o! a mo!e t!ium%hant e+%!ession o$ "ove a "ove that cannot be c!uci$ie# show not a %e!$ect sense o$ what has a"!ea#y been &iven. 4ove has a"!ea#y been e+%!esse# that ma#e a"" thin&s new that &ave the wo!m its %"ace an# minist!y as we"" as the ea&"e, a "ove to which it was a"i*e to #escen# into the #e%ths o$ he"" o! to sit at the !i&ht han# o$ the 'athe!. Yet no #oubt a new mani$estation is at han# a new hou! in the #ay o$ Man. We cannot e+%ect to see any one sam%"e o$ com%"ete# bein& when the mass o$ men sti"" "ie en&a&e# in the so# o! use the $!ee#om o$ thei! "imbs on"y with wo"$ish ene!&y. The t!ee cannot come to $"owe! ti"" its !oot be $!ee $!om the can*e!in& wo!m an# its who"e &!owth o%en to ai! an# "i&ht. Whi"e any one is base none can be enti!e"y $!ee an# nob"e. Yet somethin& new sha"" %!esent"y be shown o$ the "i$e o$ man $o! hea!ts c!ave i$ min#s #o not *now how to as* it. Amon& the st!ains o$ %!o%hecy the $o""owin& by an ea!nest min# o$ a $o!ei&n "an# w!itten some thi!ty yea!s a&o is not yet out&!own, an# it has the me!it o$ bein& a %ositive a%%ea" $!om the hea!t instea# o$ a c!itica" #ec"a!ation what Man shou"# not #o. 5The minist!y o$ Man im%"ies that he must be $i""e# $!om the #ivine $ountains which a!e bein& en&en#e!e# th!ou&h a"" ete!nity so that at the me!e name o$ his maste! he may be ab"e to cast a"" his enemies into the abyss, that he may #e"ive! a"" %a!ts o$ natu!e $!om the ba!!ie!s that im%!ison them, that he may %u!&e the te!!est!ia" atmos%he!e $!om the %oisons that in$ect it, that he may %!ese!ve the bo#ies o$ men $!om the co!!u%t in$"uences that su!!oun# an# the ma"a#ies that a$$"ict them, sti"" mo!e that he may *ee% thei! sou"s %u!e $!om the ma"i&nant insinuations which %o""ute an# the &"oomy ima&es that obscu!e them, that he may !esto!e its se!enity to the Wo!# which $a"se wo!#s o$ men $i"" with mou!nin& an# sa#ness, that he may satis$y the #esi!es o$ the an&e"s who await $!om him the #eve"o%ment o$ the ma!ve"s o$ natu!e, that in $ine his wo!"# may be $i""e# with 0o# as ete!nity is.5 ='ootnote8 1t. Ma!tin> Anothe! attem%t we wi"" &ive by an obscu!e obse!ve! o$ ou! own #ay an# count!y to #!aw some "ines o$ the #esi!e# ima&e. It was su&&este# by seein& the #esi&n o$ C!aw$o!#?s O!%heus an# connectin& with the ci!cumstance o$ the Ame!ican in his &a!!et at Rome ma*in& choice o$ this sub.ect that o$ Ame!icans he!e at home showin& such ambition to !e%!esent the cha!acte! by ca""in& thei! %!ose an# ve!se 5O!%hic sayin&s5(5O!%hics.5 We wish we cou"# a## that they have shown that musica" a%%!ehension o$ the %!o&!ess o$ Natu!e th!ou&h he! ascen#in& &!a#ations which entit"e# them so to #o but thei! attem%ts a!e $!i&i# thou&h sometimes &!an#, in thei! st!ain we a!e not wa!me# by the $i!e which $e!ti"i/e# the soi" o$ 0!eece. O!%heus was a "aw&ive! by theoc!atic commission. He un#e!stoo# natu!e an# ma#e he! $o!ms move to his music. He to"# he! sec!ets in the $o!m o$ hymns Natu!e as seen in the min# o$ 0o#. His sou" went $o!th towa!# a"" bein&s yet cou"# !emain ste!n"y $aith$u" to a chosen ty%e o$ e+ce""ence. 1ee*in& what he "ove# he $ea!e# not #eath no! he"", neithe! cou"# any sha%e o$ #!ea# #aunt his $aith in the %owe! o$ the ce"estia" ha!mony that $i""e# his sou". It seeme# si&ni$icant o$ the state o$ thin&s in this count!y that the scu"%to! shou"# have !e%!esente# the see! at the moment when he was ob"i&e# with his han# to sha#e his eyes.
Ea#h Or&heus must to the %e&ths %es#en%) For only thus the *oet #an (e wise) Must ma+e the sa% *erse&hone his frien%, An% (urie% lo'e to se#on% life arise) Again his lo'e must lose through too mu#h lo'e, Must lose his life (y li'ing life too true, For what he sought (elow is &asse% a(o'e, Alrea%y %one is all that he woul% %o Must tune all (eing with his single lyre, Must melt all roo+s free from their &rimal &ain,

Must sear#h all nature with his one soul,s fire, Must (in% anew all forms in hea'enly #hain. -f he alrea%y sees what he must %o, Well may he sha%e his eyes from the far.shining 'iew.

A bette! comment cou"# not be ma#e on what is !equi!e# to %e!$ect Man an# %"ace him in that su%e!io! %osition $o! which he was #esi&ne# than by the inte!%!etation o$ :acon u%on the "e&en#s o$ the 1y!en coast 5When the wise U"ysses %asse# 5 says he 5he cause# his ma!ine!s to sto% thei! ea!s with wa+ *nowin& the!e was in them no %owe! to !esist the "u!e o$ that vo"u%tuous son&. :ut he the much e+%e!ience# man who wishe# to be e+%e!ience# in a"" an# use a"" to the se!vice o$ wis#om #esi!e# to hea! the son& that he mi&ht un#e!stan# its meanin&. Yet #ist!ustin& his own %owe! to be $i!m in his bette! %u!%ose he cause# himse"$ to be boun# to the mast that he mi&ht be *e%t secu!e a&ainst his own wea*ness. :ut O!%heus %asse# un$ette!e# so abso!be# in sin&in& hymns to the &o#s that he cou"# not even hea! those soun#s o$ #e&!a#in& enchantment.5 Meanwhi"e not a $ew be"ieve an# men themse"ves have e+%!esse# the o%inion that the time is come when Eu!y#ice is to ca"" $o! an O!%heus !athe! than O!%heus $o! Eu!y#ice, that the i#ea o$ Man howeve! im%e!$ect"y b!ou&ht out has been $a! mo!e so than that o$ Woman, that she the othe! ha"$ o$ the same thou&ht the othe! chambe! o$ the hea!t o$ "i$e nee#s now ta*e he! tu!n in the $u"" %u"sation an# that im%!ovement in the #au&hte!s wi"" best ai# in the !e$o!mation o$ the sons o$ this a&e. It shou"# be !ema!*e# that as the %!inci%"e o$ "ibe!ty is bette! un#e!stoo# an# mo!e nob"y inte!%!ete# a b!oa#e! %!otest is ma#e in beha"$ o$ Woman. As men become awa!e that $ew men have ha# a $ai! chance they a!e inc"ine# to say that no women have ha# a $ai! chance. The '!ench Revo"ution that st!an&e"y #is&uise# an&e" bo!e witness in $avo! o$ Woman but inte!%!ete# he! c"aims no "ess i&no!ant"y than those o$ Man. Its i#ea o$ ha%%iness #i# not !ise beyon# outwa!# en.oyment unobst!ucte# by the ty!anny o$ othe!s. The tit"e it &ave was 5citoyen 5 5citoyenne,5 an# it is not unim%o!tant to Woman that even this s%ecies o$ equa"ity was awa!#e# he!. :e$o!e she cou"# be con#emne# to %e!ish on the sca$$o"# $o! t!eason not as a citi/en but as a sub.ect. The !i&ht with which this tit"e then investe# a human bein& was that o$ b"oo#she# an# "icense. The 0o##ess o$ 4ibe!ty was im%u!e. As we !ea# the %oem a##!esse# to he! not "on& since by :e!an&e! we can sca!ce"y !e$!ain $!om tea!s as %ain$u" as the tea!s o$ b"oo# that $"owe# when 5such c!imes we!e committe# in he! name.5 Yes) Man bo!n to %u!i$y an# animate the uninte""i&ent an# the co"# can in his ma#ness #e&!a#e an# %o""ute no "ess the $ai! an# the chaste. Yet t!uth was %!o%hesie# in the !avin&s o$ that hi#eous $eve! cause# by "on& i&no!ance an# abuse. Eu!o%e is connin& a va"ue# "esson $!om the b"oo#-staine# %a&e. The same ten#encies $u!the! un$o"#e# wi"" bea! &oo# $!uit in this count!y. Yet by men in this count!y as by the <ews when Moses was "ea#in& them to the %!omise# "an# eve!ythin& has been #one that inhe!ite# #e%!avity cou"# #o to hin#e! the %!omise o$ Heaven $!om its $u"$i"ment. The c!oss he!e as e"sewhe!e has been %"ante# on"y to be b"as%heme# by c!ue"ty an# $!au#. The name o$ the 2!ince o$ 2eace has been %!o$ane# by a"" *in#s o$ in.ustice towa!# the 0enti"e whom he sai# he came to save. :ut I nee# not s%ea* o$ what has been #one towa!#s the Re# Man the :"ac* Man. Those #ee#s a!e the sco$$ o$ the wo!"#, an# they have been accom%anie# by such %ious wo!#s that the &ent"est wou"# not #a!e to inte!ce#e with 5'athe! $o!&ive them $o! they *now not what they #o.5 He!e as e"sewhe!e the &ain o$ c!eation consists a"ways in the &!owth o$ in#ivi#ua" min#s which "ive an# as%i!e as $"owe!s b"oom an# bi!#s sin& in the mi#st o$ mo!asses, an# in the continua" #eve"o%ment o$ that thou&ht the thou&ht o$ human #estiny which is &iven to ete!nity a#equate"y to e+%!ess an# which a&es o$ $ai"u!e on"y seemin&"y im%e#e. On"y seemin&"y, an# whateve! seems to the cont!a!y this count!y is as su!e"y #estine# to e"uci#ate a &!eat mo!a" "aw as Eu!o%e was to %!omote the menta" cu"tu!e o$ Man. Thou&h the nationa" in#e%en#ence be b"u!!e# by the se!vi"ity o$ in#ivi#ua"s, thou&h $!ee#om an#

equa"ity have been %!oc"aime# on"y to "eave !oom $o! a monst!ous #is%"ay o$ s"ave-#ea"in& an# s"ave-*ee%in&, thou&h the $!ee Ame!ican so o$ten $ee"s himse"$ $!ee "i*e the Roman on"y to %am%e! his a%%etites en# his in#o"ence th!ou&h the mise!y o$ his $e""ow-bein&s, sti"" it is not in vain that the ve!ba" statement has been ma#e 5A"" men a!e bo!n $!ee an# equa".5 The!e it stan#s a &o"#en ce!tainty whe!ewith to encou!a&e the &oo# to shame the ba#. The New Wo!"# may be ca""e# c"ea!"y to %e!ceive that it incu!s the utmost %ena"ty i$ it !e.ect o! o%%!ess the so!!ow$u" b!othe!. An# i$ men a!e #ea$ the an&e"s hea!. :ut men cannot be #ea$. It is inevitab"e that an e+te!na" $!ee#om an in#e%en#ence o$ the enc!oachments o$ othe! men such as has been achieve# $o! the nation shou"# be so a"so $o! eve!y membe! o$ it. That which has once been c"ea!"y conceive# in the inte""i&ence cannot $ai" soone! o! "ate! to be acte# out. It has become a "aw as i!!evocab"e as that o$ the Me#es in thei! ancient #ominion, men wi"" %!ivate"y sin a&ainst it but the "aw as e+%!esse# by a "ea#in& min# o$ the a&e
"Tutti fatti a sem(lan/a %,un olo, Figli tutti %,un solo ris#atto, -n !ual,ora, in !ual &arte %el suolo Tras#orriamo !uest, aura 'ital, iam fratelli, siam stretti a% un &atto0 Mala%etto #olui #he lo infrange, 1he s,innal/a sul fino#o #he &iange 1he #ontrista uno s&irto immortal." 2Footnote0 Man/oni3 "All ma%e in the li+eness of the One. All #hil%ren of one ransom, -n whate'er hour, in whate'er &art of the soil, We %raw this 'ital air, We are (rothers) we must (e (oun% (y one #om&a#t) A##urse% he who infringes it, Who raises himself u&on the wea+ who wee&, Who sa%%ens an immortal s&irit."

This "aw cannot $ai" o$ unive!sa" !eco&nition. Accu!se# be he who wi""in&"y sa##ens an immo!ta" s%i!it(#oome# to in$amy in "ate! wise! a&es #oome# in $utu!e sta&es o$ his own bein& to #ea#"y %enance on"y sho!t o$ #eath. Accu!se# be he who sins in i&no!ance i$ that i&no!ance be cause# by s"oth. We sic*en no "ess at the %om% than the st!i$e o$ wo!#s. We $ee" that neve! we!e "un&s so %u$$e# with the win# o$ #ec"amation on mo!a" an# !e"i&ious sub.ects as now. We a!e tem%te# to im%"o!e these 5wo!#-he!oes 5 these wo!#-Catos wo!#-Ch!ists to bewa!e o$ cant ='ootnote8 ;!. <ohnson?s one %iece o$ a#vice shou"# be w!itten on eve!y #oo!8 5C"ea! you! min# o$ cant.5 :ut :y!on to whom it was so acce%tab"e in c"ea!in& away the no+ious vine shoo* #own the bui"#in&. 1te!"in&?s emen#ation is wo!thy o$ hono!8
"4eali/e your #ant, not #ast it off."3

above a"" thin&s, to !emembe! that hy%oc!isy is the most ho%e"ess as we"" as the meanest o$ c!imes an# that those must su!e"y be %o""ute# by it who #o not !ese!ve a %a!t o$ thei! mo!a"ity an# !e"i&ion $o! %!ivate use. 4an#o! says that he cannot have a &!eat #ea" o$ min# who cannot a$$o!# to "et the "a!&e! %a!t o$ it "ie $a""ow, an# what is t!ue o$ &enius is not "ess so o$ vi!tue. The ton&ue is a va"uab"e membe! but shou"# a%%!o%!iate but a sma"" %a!t o$ the vita" .uices that a!e nee#$u" a"" ove! the bo#y. We $ee" that the min# may 5&!ow b"ac* an# !anci# in the smo*e5 even 5o$ a"ta!s.5 We sta!t u% $!om the ha!an&ue to &o into ou! c"oset an# shut the #oo!. The!e inqui!es the s%i!it 5Is this !heto!ic the b"oom o$ hea"thy b"oo# o! a $a"se %i&ment a!t$u""y "ai# on35 An# yet a&ain we *now whe!e is so much smo*e must be some $i!e, with so much ta"* about vi!tue an# $!ee#om must be min&"e# some #esi!e $o! them, that it cannot be in vain that such have become the common to%ics o$ conve!sation amon& men !athe! than schemes $o! ty!anny an# %"un#e! that the ve!y news%a%e!s see

it best to %!oc"aim themse"ves 52i"&!ims 5 52u!itans 5 5He!a"#s o$ Ho"iness.5 The *in& that maintains so cost"y a !etinue cannot be a me!e boast o! Ca!abbas $iction. We have waite# he!e "on& in the #ust, we a!e ti!e# an# hun&!y, but the t!ium%ha" %!ocession must a%%ea! at "ast. O$ a"" its banne!s none has been mo!e stea#i"y u%he"# an# un#e! none have mo!e va"o! an# wi""in&ness $o! !ea" sac!i$ices been shown than that o$ the cham%ions o$ the ens"ave# A$!ican. An# this ban# it is which %a!t"y $!om a natu!a" $o""owin& out o$ %!inci%"es %a!t"y because many women have been %!ominent in that cause ma*es .ust now the wa!mest a%%ea" in beha"$ o$ Woman. Thou&h the!e has been a &!owin& "ibe!a"ity on this sub.ect yet society at "a!&e is not so %!e%a!e# $o! the #eman#s o$ this %a!ty but that its membe!s a!e an# wi"" be $o! some time co"#"y !e&a!#e# as the <acobins o$ thei! #ay. 5Is it not enou&h 5 c!ies the i!!itate# t!a#e! 5that you have #one a"" you cou"# to b!ea* u% the nationa" union an# thus #est!oy the %!os%e!ity o$ ou! count!y but now you must be t!yin& to b!ea* u% $ami"y union to ta*e my wi$e away $!om the c!a#"e an# the *itchen-hea!th to vote at %o""s an# %!each $!om a %u"%it3 O$ cou!se i$ she #oes such thin&s she cannot atten# to those o$ he! own s%he!e. 1he is ha%%y enou&h as she is. 1he has mo!e "eisu!e than I have (eve!y means o$ im%!ovement eve!y in#u"&ence.5 5Have you as*e# he! whethe! she was satis$ie# with these indulgences35 5No but I *now she is. 1he is too amiab"e to #esi!e what wou"# ma*e me unha%%y an# too .u#icious to wish to ste% beyon# the s%he!e o$ he! se+. I wi"" neve! consent to have ou! %eace #istu!be# by any such #iscussions.5 5?Consent(you3? it is not consent $!om you that is in question(it is assent $!om you! wi$e.5 5Am not I the hea# o$ my house35 5You a!e not the hea# o$ you! wi$e. 0o# has &iven he! a min# o$ he! own. 5I am the hea# an# she the hea!t.5 50o# &!ant you %"ay t!ue to one anothe! then) I su%%ose I am to be &!ate$u" that you #i# not say she was on"y the han#. I$ the hea# !e%!esses no natu!a" %u"se o$ the hea!t the!e can be no question as to you! &ivin& you! consent. :oth wi"" be o$ one acco!# an# the!e nee#s but to %!esent any question to &et a $u"" an# t!ue answe!. The!e is no nee# o$ %!ecaution o$ in#u"&ence no! consent. :ut ou! #oubt is whethe! the hea!t does consent with the hea# o! on"y obeys its #ec!ees with a %assiveness that %!ec"u#es the e+e!cise o$ its natu!a" %owe!s o! a !e%u&nance that tu!ns sweet qua"ities to bitte! o! a #oubt that "ays waste the $ai! occasions o$ "i$e. It is to asce!tain the t!uth that we %!o%ose some "ibe!atin& measu!es.5 Thus va&ue"y a!e these questions %!o%ose# an# #iscusse# at %!esent. :ut thei! bein& %!o%ose# at a"" im%"ies much thou&ht an# su&&ests mo!e. Many women a!e consi#e!in& within themse"ves what they nee# that they have not an# what they can have i$ they $in# they nee# it. Many men a!e consi#e!in& whethe! women a!e ca%ab"e o$ bein& an# havin& mo!e than they a!e an# have and whethe! i$ so it wi"" be best to consent to im%!ovement in thei! con#ition. This mo!nin& I o%en the :oston 5;ai"y Mai" 5 an# $in# in its 5%oet?s co!ne!5 a t!ans"ation o$ 1chi""e!?s 5;i&nity o$ Woman.5 In the a#ve!tisement o$ a boo* on Ame!ica I see in the tab"e o$ contents this sequence 5Re%ub"ican Institutions. Ame!ican 1"ave!y. Ame!ican 4a#ies.5 I o%en the 5Deutsche Schnellpost5 %ub"ishe# in New Yo!* an# $in# at the hea# o$ a co"umn Juden und Frauenemancipation in Ungarn(5Emanci%ation o$ <ews an# Women in Hun&a!y.5 The %ast yea! has seen action in the Rho#e Is"an# "e&is"atu!e to secu!e ma!!ie# women !i&hts ove! thei! own %!o%e!ty whe!e men showe# that a ve!y "itt"e e+amination o$ the sub.ect cou"# teach them much, an a!tic"e in the ;emoc!atic Review on the same sub.ect mo!e "a!&e"y consi#e!e# w!itten by a woman im%e""e# it is sai# by &"a!in& w!on& to a #istin&uishe# $!ien# havin& shown the #e$ects

in the e+istin& "aws an# the state o$ o%inion $!om which they s%!in&, an# on answe! $!om the !eve!e# o"# man <. @. A#ams in some !es%ects the 2hocion o$ his time to an a##!ess ma#e him by some "a#ies. To this "ast I sha"" a&ain a#ve!t in anothe! %"ace. These sym%toms o$ the times have come un#e! my view quite acci#enta""y8 one who see*s may each month o! wee* co""ect mo!e. The nume!ous %a!ty whose o%inions a!e a"!ea#y "abe"e# an# a#.uste# too much to thei! min# to a#mit o$ any new "i&ht st!ive by "ectu!es on some mo#e"-woman o$ b!i#e-"i*e beauty an# &ent"eness by w!itin& an# "en#in& "itt"e t!eatises inten#e# to ma!* out with %!ecision the "imits o$ Woman?s s%he!e an# Woman?s mission to %!event othe! than the !i&ht$u" she%he!# $!om c"imbin& the wa"" o! the $"oc* $!om usin& any chance to &o ast!ay. Without en!o""in& ou!se"ves at once on eithe! si#e "et us "oo* u%on the sub.ect $!om the best %oint o$ view which to-#ay o$$e!s, no bette! it is to be $ea!e# than a hi&h house-to%. A hi&h hi""-to% o! at "east a cathe#!a"-s%i!e wou"# be #esi!ab"e. It may we"" be an Anti-1"ave!y %a!ty that %"ea#s $o! Woman i$ we consi#e! me!e"y that she #oes not ho"# %!o%e!ty on equa" te!ms with men, so that i$ a husban# #ies without ma*in& a wi"" the wi$e instea# o$ ta*in& at once his %"ace as hea# o$ the $ami"y inhe!its on"y a %a!t o$ his $o!tune o$ten b!ou&ht him by he!se"$ as i$ she we!e a chi"# o! wa!# on"y not an equa" %a!tne!. We wi"" not s%ea* o$ the innume!ab"e instances in which %!o$"i&ate an# i#"e men "ive u%on the ea!nin&s o$ in#ust!ious wives, o! i$ the wives "eave them an# ta*e with them the chi"#!en to %e!$o!m the #oub"e #uty o$ mothe! an# $athe! $o""ow $!om %"ace to %"ace an# th!eaten to !ob them o$ the chi"#!en i$ #e%!ive# o$ the !i&hts o$ a husban# as they ca"" them %"antin& themse"ves in thei! %oo! "o#&in&s $!i&htenin& them into %ayin& t!ibute by ta*in& $!om them the chi"#!en !unnin& into #ebt at the e+%ense o$ these othe!wise so ove!tas*e# he"ots. 1uch instances count u% by sco!es within my own memo!y. I have seen the husban# who ha# staine# himse"$ by a "on& cou!se o$ "ow vice ti"" his wi$e was wea!ie# $!om he! he!oic $o!&iveness by $in#in& that his t!eache!y ma#e it use"ess an# that i$ she wou"# %!ovi#e b!ea# $o! he!se"$ an# he! chi"#!en she must be se%a!ate $!om his i"" $ame(I have *nown this man come to insta"" himse"$ in the chambe! o$ a woman who "oathe# him an# say she shou"# neve! ta*e $oo# without his com%any. I have *nown these men stea" thei! chi"#!en whom they *new they ha# no means to maintain ta*e them into #isso"ute com%any e+%ose them to bo#i"y #an&e! to $!i&hten the %oo! woman to whom it seems the $act that she a"one ha# bo!ne the %an&s o$ thei! bi!th an# nou!ishe# thei! in$ancy #oes not &ive an equa" !i&ht to them. I #o be"ieve that this mo#e o$ *i#na%%in&(an# it is $!equent enou&h in a"" c"asses o$ society (wi"" be by the ne+t a&e viewe# as it is by Heaven now an# that the man who avai"s himse"$ o$ the she"te! o$ men?s "aws to stea" $!om a mothe! he! own chi"#!en o! a!!o&ate any su%e!io! !i&ht in them save that o$ su%e!io! vi!tue wi"" bea! the sti&ma he #ese!ves in common with him who stea"s &!own men $!om thei! mothe!-"an# thei! ho%es an# thei! homes. I sai# we wi"" not s%ea* o$ this now, yet I have s%o*en $o! the sub.ect ma*es me $ee" too much. I cou"# &ive instances that wou"# sta!t"e the most vu"&a! an# ca""ous, but I wi"" not $o! the %ub"ic o%inion o$ thei! own se+ is a"!ea#y a&ainst such men an# whe!e cases o$ e+t!eme ty!anny a!e ma#e *nown the!e is %!ivate action in the wi$e?s $avo!. :ut she ou&ht not to nee# this no! I thin* can she "on&. Men must soon see that as on thei! own &!oun# Woman is the wea*e! %a!ty she ou&ht to have "e&a" %!otection which wou"# ma*e such o%%!ession im%ossib"e. :ut I wou"# not #ea" with 5at!ocious instances 5 e+ce%t in the way o$ i""ust!ation neithe! #eman# $!om men a %a!tia" !e#!ess in some one matte! but &o to the !oot o$ the who"e. I$ %!inci%"es cou"# be estab"ishe# %a!ticu"a!s wou"# a#.ust themse"ves a!i&ht. Asce!tain the t!ue #estiny o$ Woman, &ive he! "e&itimate ho%es an# a stan#a!# within he!se"$, ma!!ia&e an# a"" othe! !e"ations wou"# by #e&!ees be ha!moni/e# with these. :ut to !etu!n to the histo!ica" %!o&!ess o$ this matte!. 9nowin& that the!e e+ists in the min#s o$ men a tone o$ $ee"in& towa!# women as towa!# s"aves such as is e+%!esse# in the common %h!ase 5Te""

that to women an# chi"#!en,5 that the in$inite sou" can on"y wo!* th!ou&h them in a"!ea#y asce!taine# "imits, that the &i$t o$ !eason Man?s hi&hest %!e!o&ative is a""otte# to them in much "owe! #e&!ee, that they must be *e%t $!om mischie$ an# me"ancho"y by bein& constant"y en&a&e# in active "abo! which is to be $u!nishe# an# #i!ecte# by those bette! ab"e to thin* Ac. Ac. (we nee# not mu"ti%"y instances $o! who can !eview the e+%e!ience o$ "ast wee* without !eca""in& wo!#s which im%"y whethe! in .est o! ea!nest these views o! views "i*e these (*nowin& this can we won#e! that many !e$o!me!s thin* that measu!es a!e not "i*e"y to be ta*en in beha"$ o$ women un"ess thei! wishes cou"# be %ub"ic"y !e%!esente# by women3 5That can neve! be necessa!y 5 c!y the othe! si#e. 5A"" men a!e %!ivate"y in$"uence# by women, each has his wi$e siste! o! $ema"e $!ien#s an# is too much biase# by these !e"ations to $ai" o$ !e%!esentin& thei! inte!ests, an# i$ this is not enou&h "et them %!o%ose an# en$o!ce thei! wishes with the %en. The beauty o$ home wou"# be #est!oye# the #e"icacy o$ the se+ be vio"ate# the #i&nity o$ ha""s o$ "e&is"ation #e&!a#e# by an attem%t to int!o#uce them the!e. 1uch #uties a!e inconsistent with those o$ a mothe!,5 an# then we have "u#ic!ous %ictu!es o$ "a#ies in hyste!ics at the %o""s an# senate-chambe!s $i""e# with c!a#"es. :ut i$ in !e%"y we a#mit as t!uth that Woman seems #estine# by natu!e !athe! $o! the inne! ci!c"e we must a## that the a!!an&ements o$ civi"i/e# "i$e have not been as yet such as to secu!e it to he!. He! ci!c"e i$ the #u""e! is not the quiete!. I$ *e%t $!om 5e+citement 5 she is not $!om #!u#&e!y. Not on"y the In#ian squaw ca!!ies the bu!#ens o$ the cam% but the $avo!ites o$ 4ouis BIC. accom%any him in his .ou!neys an# the washe!woman stan#s at he! tub an# ca!!ies home he! wo!* at a"" seasons an# in a"" states o$ hea"th. Those who thin* the %hysica" ci!cumstances o$ Woman wou"# ma*e a %a!t in the a$$ai!s o$ nationa" &ove!nment unsuitab"e a!e by no means those who thin* it im%ossib"e $o! ne&!esses to en#u!e $ie"#-wo!* even #u!in& %!e&nancy o! $o! sem%st!esses to &o th!ou&h thei! *i""in& "abo!s. As to the use o$ the %en the!e was quite as much o%%osition to Woman?s %ossessin& he!se"$ o$ that he"% to $!ee a&ency as the!e is now to he! sei/in& on the !ost!um o! the #es*, an# she is "i*e"y to #!aw $!om a %e!mission to %"ea# he! cause that way o%%osite in$e!ences to what mi&ht be wishe# by those who now &!ant it. As to the %ossibi"ity o$ he! $i""in& with &!ace an# #i&nity any such %osition we shou"# thin* those who ha# seen the &!eat act!esses an# hea!# the @ua*e! %!eache!s o$ mo#e!n times wou"# not #oubt that Woman can e+%!ess %ub"ic"y the $u"ness o$ thou&ht an# c!eation without "osin& any o$ the %ecu"ia! beauty o$ he! se+. What can %o""ute an# ta!nish is to act thus $!om any motive e+ce%t that somethin& nee#s to be sai# o! #one. Woman cou"# ta*e %a!t in the %!ocessions the son&s the #ances o$ o"# !e"i&ion, no one $ancie# he! #e"icacy was im%ai!e# by a%%ea!in& in %ub"ic $o! such a cause. As to he! home she is not "i*e"y to "eave it mo!e than she now #oes $o! ba""s theat!es meetin&s $o! %!omotin& missions !eviva" meetin&s an# othe!s to which she $"ies in ho%e o$ an animation $o! he! e+istence commensu!ate with what she sees en.oye# by men. 0ove!no!s o$ "a#ies?-$ai!s a!e no "ess en&!osse# by such a cha!&e than the &ove!no! o$ a state by his, %!esi#ents o$ Washin&tonian societies no "ess away $!om home than %!esi#ents o$ conventions. I$ men "oo* st!ait"y to it they wi"" $in# that un"ess thei! "ives a!e #omestic those o$ the women wi"" not be. A house is no home un"ess it contain $oo# an# $i!e $o! the min# as we"" as $o! the bo#y. The $ema"e 0!ee* o$ ou! #ay is as much in the st!eet as the ma"e to c!y 5What news35 We #oubt not it was the same in Athens o$ o"#. The women shut out $!om the ma!*et-%"ace ma#e u% $o! it at the !e"i&ious $estiva"s. 'o! human bein&s a!e not so constitute# that they can "ive without e+%ansion. I$ they #o not &et it in one way they must in anothe! o! %e!ish. As to men?s !e%!esentin& women $ai!"y at %!esent whi"e we hea! $!om men who owe to thei! wives not on"y a"" that is com$o!tab"e o! &!ace$u" but a"" that is wise in the a!!an&ement o$ thei! "ives the $!equent !ema!* 5You cannot !eason with a woman 5(when $!om those o$ #e"icacy nob"eness an# %oetic cu"tu!e $a""s the contem%tuous %h!ase 5women an# chi"#!en 5 an# that in no "i&ht sa""y o$ the

hou! but in wo!*s inten#e# to &ive a %e!manent statement o$ the best e+%e!iences (when not one man in the mi""ion sha"" I say3 no not in the hun#!e# mi""ion can !ise above the be"ie$ that Woman was ma#e for Man (when such t!aits as these a!e #ai"y $o!ce# u%on the attention can we $ee" that Man wi"" a"ways #o .ustice to the inte!ests o$ Woman3 Can we thin* that he ta*es a su$$icient"y #isce!nin& an# !e"i&ious view o$ he! o$$ice an# #estiny ever to #o he! .ustice e+ce%t when %!om%te# by sentiment (acci#enta""y o! t!ansient"y that is $o! the sentiment wi"" va!y acco!#in& to the !e"ations in which he is %"ace#3 The "ove! the %oet the a!tist a!e "i*e"y to view he! nob"y. The $athe! an# the %hi"oso%he! have some chance o$ "ibe!a"ity, the man o$ the wo!"# the "e&is"ato! $o! e+%e#iency none. Un#e! these ci!cumstances without attachin& im%o!tance in themse"ves to the chan&es #eman#e# by the cham%ions o$ Woman we hai" them as si&ns o$ the times. We wou"# have eve!y a!bit!a!y ba!!ie! th!own #own. We wou"# have eve!y %ath "ai# o%en to Woman as $!ee"y as to Man. We!e this #one an# a s"i&ht tem%o!a!y $e!mentation a""owe# to subsi#e we shou"# see c!ysta""i/ations mo!e %u!e an# o$ mo!e va!ious beauty. We be"ieve the #ivine ene!&y wou"# %e!va#e natu!e to a #e&!ee un*nown in the histo!y o$ $o!me! a&es an# that no #isco!#ant co""ision but a !avishin& ha!mony o$ the s%he!es wou"# ensue. Yet then an# on"y then wi"" man*in# be !i%e $o! this when inwa!# an# outwa!# $!ee#om $o! Woman as much as $o! Man sha"" be ac*now"e#&e# as a right not yie"#e# as a concession. As the $!ien# o$ the ne&!o assumes that one man cannot by !i&ht ho"# anothe! in bon#a&e so shou"# the $!ien# o$ Woman assume that Man cannot by !i&ht "ay even we""-meant !est!ictions on Woman. I$ the ne&!o be a sou" i$ the woman be a sou" a%%a!e""e# in $"esh to one Maste! on"y a!e they accountab"e. The!e is but one "aw $o! sou"s an# i$ the!e is to be an inte!%!ete! o$ it he must come not as man o! son o$ man but as son o$ 0o#. We!e thou&ht an# $ee"in& once so $a! e"evate# that Man shou"# esteem himse"$ the b!othe! an# $!ien# but nowise the "o!# an# tuto! o$ Woman (we!e he !ea""y boun# with he! in equa" wo!shi% (a!!an&ements as to $unction an# em%"oyment wou"# be o$ no consequence. What Woman nee#s is not as a woman to act o! !u"e but as a natu!e to &!ow as an inte""ect to #isce!n as a sou" to "ive $!ee"y an# unim%e#e# to un$o"# such %owe!s as we!e &iven he! when we "e$t ou! common home. I$ $ewe! ta"ents we!e &iven he! yet i$ a""owe# the $!ee an# $u"" em%"oyment o$ these so that she may !en#e! bac* to the &ive! his own with usu!y she wi"" not com%"ain, nay I #a!e to say she wi"" b"ess an# !e.oice in he! ea!th"y bi!th-%"ace he! ea!th"y "ot. 4et us consi#e! what obst!uctions im%e#e this &oo# e!a an# what si&ns &ive !eason to ho%e that it #!aws nea!. I was ta"*in& on this sub.ect with Mi!an#a a woman who i$ any in the wo!"# cou"# mi&ht s%ea* without heat an# bitte!ness o$ the %osition o$ he! se+. He! $athe! was a man who che!ishe# no sentimenta" !eve!ence $o! Woman but a $i!m be"ie$ in the equa"ity o$ the se+es. 1he was his e"#est chi"# an# came to him at an a&e when he nee#e# a com%anion. '!om the time she cou"# s%ea* an# &o a"one he a##!esse# he! not as a %"aythin& but as a "ivin& min#. Amon& the $ew ve!ses he eve! w!ote was a co%y a##!esse# to this chi"# when the $i!st "oc*s we!e cut $!om he! hea#, an# the !eve!ence e+%!esse# on this occasion $o! that che!ishe# hea# he neve! be"ie#. It was to him the tem%"e o$ immo!ta" inte""ect. He !es%ecte# his chi"# howeve! too much to be an in#u"&ent %a!ent. He ca""e# on he! $o! c"ea! .u#&ment $o! cou!a&e $o! hono! an# $i#e"ity, in sho!t $o! such vi!tues as he *new. In so $a! as he %ossesse# the *eys to the won#e!s o$ this unive!se he a""owe# $!ee use o$ them to he! an# by the incentive o$ a hi&h e+%ectation he $o!ba#e so $a! as %ossib"e that she shou"# "et the %!ivi"e&e "ie i#"e. Thus this chi"# was ea!"y "e# to $ee" he!se"$ a chi"# o$ the s%i!it. 1he too* he! %"ace easi"y not on"y in the wo!"# o$ o!&ani/e# bein& but in the wo!"# o$ min#. A #i&ni$ie# sense o$ se"$-#e%en#ence was &iven as a"" he! %o!tion an# she $oun# it a su!e ancho!. He!se"$ secu!e"y ancho!e# he! !e"ations with othe!s we!e estab"ishe# with equa" secu!ity. 1he was $o!tunate in a tota" absence o$ those cha!ms which mi&ht have #!awn to he! bewi"#e!in& $"atte!ies an# in a st!on& e"ect!ic natu!e which !e%e""e# those who #i# not be"on& to he! an# att!acte# those who #i#. With men an# women he! !e"ations

we!e nob"e (a$$ectionate without %assion inte""ectua" without co"#ness. The wo!"# was $!ee to he! an# she "ive# $!ee"y in it. Outwa!# a#ve!sity came an# inwa!# con$"ict, but that $aith an# se"$!es%ect ha# ea!"y been awa*ene# which must a"ways "ea# at "ast to an outwa!# se!enity an# an inwa!# %eace. O$ Mi!an#a I ha# a"ways thou&ht as an e+am%"e that the !est!aints u%on the se+ we!e insu%e!ab"e on"y to those who thin* them so o! who noisi"y st!ive to b!ea* them. 1he ha# ta*en a cou!se o$ he! own an# no man stoo# in he! way. Many o$ he! acts ha# been unusua" but e+cite# no u%!oa!. 'ew he"%e# but none chec*e# he!, an# the many men who *new he! min# an# he! "i$e showe# to he! con$i#ence as to a b!othe! &ent"eness as to a siste!. An# not on"y !e$ine# but ve!y coa!se men a%%!ove# an# ai#e# one in whom they saw !eso"ution an# c"ea!ness o$ #esi&n. He! min# was o$ten the "ea#in& one a"ways e$$ective. When I ta"*e# with he! u%on these matte!s an# ha# sai# ve!y much what I have w!itten she smi"in&"y !e%"ie#, 5An# yet we must a#mit that I have been $o!tunate an# this shou"# not be. My &oo# $athe!?s ea!"y t!ust &ave the $i!st bias an# the !est $o""owe# o$ cou!se. It is t!ue that I have ha# "ess outwa!# ai# in a$te! yea!s than most women, but that is o$ "itt"e consequence. Re"i&ion was ea!"y awa*ene# in my sou" (a sense that what the sou" is ca%ab"e to as* it must attain an# that thou&h I mi&ht be ai#e# an# inst!ucte# by othe!s I must #e%en# on myse"$ as the on"y constant $!ien#. This se"$-#e%en#ence which was hono!e# in me is #e%!ecate# as a $au"t in most women. They a!e tau&ht to "ea!n thei! !u"e $!om without not to un$o"# it $!om within. 5This is the $au"t o$ Man who is sti"" vain an# wishes to be mo!e im%o!tant to Woman than by !i&ht he shou"# be.5 5Men have not shown this #is%osition towa!# you 5 I sai#. 5No, because the %osition I ea!"y was enab"e# to ta*e was one o$ se"$-!e"iance. An# we!e a"" women as su!e o$ thei! wants as I was the !esu"t wou"# be the same. :ut they a!e so ove!"oa#e# with %!ece%ts by &ua!#ians who thin* that nothin& is so much to be #!ea#e# $o! a woman as o!i&ina"ity o$ thou&ht o! cha!acte! that thei! min#s a!e im%e#e# by #oubts ti"" they "ose thei! chance o$ $ai! $!ee %!o%o!tions. The #i$$icu"ty is to &ot them to the %oint $!om which they sha"" natu!a""y #eve"o% se"$-!es%ect an# "ea!n se"$-he"%. 5Once I thou&ht that men wou"# he"% to $o!wa!# this state o$ thin&s mo!e than I #o now. I saw so many o$ them w!etche# in the connections they ha# $o!me# in wea*ness an# vanity. They seeme# so &"a# to esteem women wheneve! they cou"#. 5?The so$t a!ms o$ a$$ection ? sai# one o$ the most #isce!nin& s%i!its ?wi"" not su$$ice $o! me un"ess on them I see the stee" b!ace"ets o$ st!en&th.? 5:ut ea!"y I %e!ceive# that men neve! in any e+t!eme o$ #es%ai! wishe# to be women. On the cont!a!y they we!e eve! !ea#y to taunt one anothe! at any si&n o$ wea*ness with
",Art thou not li+e the women, who,,5

The %assa&e en#s va!ious ways acco!#in& to the occasion an# !heto!ic o$ the s%ea*e!. When they a#mi!e# any woman they we!e inc"ine# to s%ea* o$ he! as ?above he! se+.? 1i"ent"y I obse!ve# this an# $ea!e# it a!&ue# a !oote# sce%ticism which $o! a&es ha# been $astenin& on the hea!t an# which on"y an a&e o$ mi!ac"es cou"# e!a#icate. Eve! I have been t!eate# with &!eat since!ity, an# I "oo* u%on it as a si&na" instance o$ this that an intimate $!ien# o$ the othe! se+ sai# in a $e!vent moment that I ?#ese!ve# in some sta! to be a man.? He was much su!%!ise# when I #isc"ose# my view o$ my %osition an# ho%es when I #ec"a!e# my $aith that the $eminine si#e the si#e o$ "ove o$ beauty o$ ho"iness was now to have its $u"" chance an# that i$ eithe! we!e bette! it was bette! now to be a woman, $o! even the s"i&htest achievement o$ &oo# was $u!the!in& an es%ecia" wo!* o$ ou! time. He smi"e# inc!e#u"ous"y. ?1he ma*es the best she can o$ it ? thou&ht he. ?4et <ews be"ieve the %!i#e o$ <ew!y but I am o$ the bette! so!t an# *now bette!.?

5Anothe! use# as hi&hest %!aise in s%ea*in& o$ a cha!acte! in "ite!atu!e the wo!#s ?a man"y woman.? 51o in the nob"e %assa&e o$ :en <onson8
,- meant the %ay.star shoul% not (righter ri%e, Nor she% li+e influen#e, from its lu#ent seat) - meant she shoul% (e #ourteous, fa#ile, sweet, Free from that solemn 'i#e of greatness, &ri%e) - meant ea#h softest 'irtue there shoul% meet, Fit in that softer (osom to a(i%e, Only a learne% an% a manly soul - &ur&ose% her, that shoul% with e'en &owers The ro#+, the s&in%le, an% the shears #ontrol Of %estiny, an% s&in her own free hours.,"

5Me thin*s 5 sai# I 5you a!e too $asti#ious in ob.ectin& to this. <onson in usin& the wo!# ?man"y ? on"y meant to hei&hten the %ictu!e o$ this the t!ue the inte""i&ent $ate with one o$ the #ee%e! co"o!s.5 5An# yet 5 sai# she 5so inva!iab"e is the use o$ this wo!# whe!e a he!oic qua"ity is to be #esc!ibe# an# I $ee" so su!e that %e!sistence an# cou!a&e a!e the most woman"y no "ess than the most man"y qua"ities that I wou"# e+chan&e these wo!#s $o! othe!s o$ a "a!&e! sense at the !is* o$ ma!!in& the $ine tissue o$ the ve!se. Rea# ?A heavenwa!# an# inst!ucte# sou" ? an# I shou"# be satis$ie#. 4et it not be sai# whe!eve! the!e is ene!&y o! c!eative &enius ?1he has a mascu"ine min#.?5 This by no means a!&ues a wi""in& want o$ &ene!osity towa!# Woman. Man is as &ene!ous towa!#s he! as he *nows how to be. Whe!eve! she has he!se"$ a!isen in nationa" o! %!ivate histo!y an# nob"y shone $o!th in any $o!m o$ e+ce""ence men have !eceive# he! not on"y wi""in&"y but with t!ium%h. Thei! encomiums in#ee# a!e a"ways in some sense mo!ti$yin&, they show too much su!%!ise. 5Can this be you35 he c!ies to the t!ans$i&u!e# Cin#e!e""a, 5we"" I shou"# neve! have thou&ht it but I am ve!y &"a#. We wi"" te"" eve!y one that you have ?surpassed your sex.?5 In eve!y-#ay "i$e the $ee"in&s o$ the many a!e staine# with vanity. Each wishes to be "o!# in a "itt"e wo!"# to be su%e!io! at "east ove! one, an# he #oes not $ee" st!on& enou&h to !etain a "i$e-"on& ascen#ency ove! a st!on& natu!e. On"y a Theseus cou"# conque! be$o!e he we# the Ama/onian queen. He!cu"es wishe# !athe! to !est with ;e.ani!a an# !eceive# the %oisone# !obe as a $it &ue!#on. The ta"e shou"# be inte!%!ete# to a"" those who see* !e%ose with the wea*. :ut not on"y is Man vain an# $on# o$ %owe! but the same want o$ #eve"o%ment which thus a$$ects him mo!a""y %!events his inte""ectua""y #isce!nin& the #estiny o$ Woman8 The boy wants no woman but on"y a &i!" to %"ay ba"" with him an# ma!* his %oc*et han#*e!chie$. Thus in 1chi""e!?s ;i&nity o$ Woman beauti$u" as the %oem is the!e is no 5&!ave an# %e!$ect man 5 but on"y a &!eat boy to be so$tene# an# !est!aine# by the in$"uence o$ &i!"s. 2oets(the e"#e! b!othe!s o$ thei! !ace(have usua""y seen $u!the!, but what can you e+%ect o$ eve!y-#ay men i$ 1chi""e! was not mo!e %!o%hetic as to what women must be3 Even with Richte! one $o!emost thou&ht about a wi$e was that she wou"# 5coo* him somethin& &oo#.5 :ut as this is a #e"icate sub.ect an# we a!e in constant #an&e! o$ bein& accuse# o$ s"i&htin& what a!e ca""e# 5the $unctions 5 "et me say in beha"$ o$ Mi!an#a an# myse"$ that we have hi&h !es%ect $o! those who 5coo* somethin& &oo# 5 who c!eate an# %!ese!ve $ai! o!#e! in houses an# %!e%a!e the!ein the shinin& !aiment $o! wo!thy inmates wo!thy &uests. On"y these 5$unctions5 must not be a #!u#&e!y o! en$o!ce# necessity but a %a!t o$ "i$e. 4et U"ysses #!ive the beeves home whi"e 2ene"o%e the!e %i"es u% the $!a&!ant "oaves, they a!e both we"" em%"oye# i$ these be #one in thou&ht an# "ove wi""in&"y. :ut 2ene"o%e is no mo!e meant $o! a ba*e! o! weave! so"e"y than U"ysses $o! a catt"e-he!#. The se+es shou"# not on"y co!!es%on# to an# a%%!eciate but %!o%hesy to one anothe!. In in#ivi#ua"

instances this ha%%ens. Two %e!sons "ove in one anothe! the $utu!e &oo# which they ai# one anothe! to un$o"#. This is im%e!$ect"y o! !a!e"y #one in the &ene!a" "i$e. Man has &one but "itt"e way, now he is waitin& to see whethe! Woman can *ee% ste% with him, but instea# o$ ca""in& but "i*e a &oo# b!othe! 5You can #o it i$ you on"y thin* so 5 o! im%e!sona""y 5Any one can #o what he t!ies to #o,5 he o$ten #iscou!a&es with schoo"-boy b!a&8 50i!"s can?t #o that, &i!"s can?t %"ay ba"".5 :ut "et any one #e$y thei! taunts b!ea* th!ou&h an# be b!ave an# secu!e they !en# the ai! with shouts. This $"uctuation was obvious in a na!!ative I have "ate"y seen the sto!y o$ the "i$e o$ Countess Emi"y 2"ate! the he!oine o$ the "ast !evo"ution in 2o"an#. The #i&nity the %u!ity the concent!ate# !eso"ve the ca"m #ee% enthusiasm which yet cou"# when occasion ca""e# s%a!*"e u% a ho"y an in#i&nant $i!e ma*e o$ this youn& mai#en the $i&u!e I want $o! my $!ontis%iece. He! %o!t!ait is to be seen in the boo* a &ent"e sha#ow o$ he! sou". 1ho!t was the ca!ee!. 4i*e the Mai# o$ O!"eans she on"y #i# enou&h to ve!i$y he! c!e#entia"s an# then %asse# $!om a scene on which she was %!obab"y a %!ematu!e a%%a!ition. When the youn& &i!" .oine# the a!my whe!e the !e%o!t o$ he! e+%"oits ha# %!ece#e# he! she was !eceive# in a manne! that ma!*s the usua" state o$ $ee"in&. 1ome o$ the o$$ice!s we!e #isa%%ointe# at he! quiet manne!s, that she ha# not the ai! an# tone o$ a sta&e-he!oine. They thou&ht she cou"# not have acte# he!oica""y un"ess in bus*ins, ha# no i#ea that such #ee#s on"y showe# the habit o$ he! min#. Othe!s ta"*e# o$ the #e"icacy o$ he! se+ a#vise# he! to with#!aw $!om %e!i"s an# #an&e!s an# ha# no com%!ehension o$ the $ee"in&s within he! b!east that ma#e this im%ossib"e. The &ent"e i!ony o$ he! !e%"y to these se"$-constitute# tuto!s 6not one o$ whom showe# himse"$ he! equa" in con#uct o! !eason7 is as &oo# as he! in#i&nant !e%!oo$ at a "ate! %e!io# to the &ene!a" whose %e!$i#y !uine# a"". :ut thou&h to the mass o$ these men she was an emba!!assment an# a %u//"e the nob"e! so!t viewe# he! with a ten#e! enthusiasm wo!thy o$ he!. 5He! name 5 sai# he! bio&!a%he! 5is *nown th!ou&hout Eu!o%e. I %aint he! cha!acte! that she may be as wi#e"y "ove#.5 With %!i#e he shows he! $!ee#om $!om a"" %e!sona" a$$ections, that thou&h ten#e! an# &ent"e in an uncommon #e&!ee the!e was no !oom $o! a %!ivate "ove in he! consec!ate# "i$e. 1he ins%i!e# those who *new he! with a sim%"e ene!&y o$ $ee"in& "i*e he! own. 5We have seen 5 they $e"t 5a woman wo!thy the name ca%ab"e o$ a"" sweet a$$ections ca%ab"e o$ ste!n vi!tue.5 It is a $act wo!thy o$ !ema!* that a"" these !evo"utions in $avo! o$ "ibe!ty have %!o#uce# $ema"e cham%ions that sha!e the same t!aits but Emi"y a"one has $oun# a bio&!a%he!. On"y a nea! $!ien# cou"# have %e!$o!me# $o! he! this tas* $o! the $"owe! was !ea!e# in $eminine sec"usion an# the $ew an# sim%"e t!aits o$ he! histo!y be$o!e he! a%%ea!ance in the $ie"# cou"# on"y have been *nown to the #omestic ci!c"e. He! bio&!a%he! has &athe!e# them u% with a b!othe!"y #evotion. No) Man is not wi""in&"y un&ene!ous. He wants $aith an# "ove because he is not yet himse"$ an e"evate# bein&. He c!ies with snee!in& sce%ticism 50ive us a si&n.5 :ut i$ the si&n a%%ea!s his eyes &"isten an# he o$$e!s not me!e"y a%%!ova" but homa&e. The seve!e nation which tau&ht that the ha%%iness o$ the !ace was $o!$eite# th!ou&h the $au"t o$ a Woman an# showe# its thou&ht o$ what so!t o$ !e&a!# Man owe# he! by ma*in& him accuse he! on the $i!st question to his 0o# (who &ave he! to the %at!ia!ch as a han#mai# an# by the Mosaica" "aw boun# he! to a""e&iance "i*e a se!$ (even they &!eete# with so"emn !a%tu!e a"" &!eat an# ho"y women as he!oines %!o%hetesses .u#&es in Is!ae", an# i$ they ma#e Eve "isten to the se!%ent &ave Ma!y as a b!i#e to the Ho"y 1%i!it. In othe! nations it has been the same #own to ou! #ay. To the Woman who cou"# conque! a t!ium%h was awa!#e#. An# not on"y those whose st!en&th was !ecommen#e# to the hea!t by association with &oo#ness an# beauty but those who we!e ba# i$ they we!e stea#$ast an# st!on& ha# thei! c"aims a""owe#. In any a&e a 1emi!amis an E"i/abeth o$ En&"an# a Catha!ine o$ Russia ma*es he! %"ace &oo# whethe! in a "a!&e o! sma"" ci!c"e. How has a "itt"e wit a "itt"e &enius been ce"eb!ate# in a Woman) What an inte""ectua" t!ium%h was that o$ the "one"y As%asia an# how hea!ti"y ac*now"e#&e#) 1he in#ee# met a 2e!ic"es. :ut what anna"ist the

!u#est o$ men the most %"ebeian o$ husban#s wi"" s%a!e $!om his %a&e one o$ the $ew anec#otes o$ Roman women(1a%%ho) E"oisa) The names a!e o$ th!ea#ba!e ce"eb!ity. In#ee# they we!e not mo!e suitab"y met in thei! own time than the Countess Co"one" 2"ate! on he! $i!st .oinin& the a!my. They ha# much to mou!n an# thei! &!eat im%u"ses #i# not $in# #ue sco%e. :ut with time enou&h s%ace enou&h thei! *in#!e# a%%ea! on the scene. Ac!oss the a&es $o!ms "ean t!yin& to touch the hem o$ thei! !et!eatin& !obes. The youth he!e by my si#e cannot be wea!y o$ the $!a&ments $!om the "i$e o$ 1a%%ho. He wi"" not be"ieve they a!e not a##!esse# to himse"$ o! that he to whom they we!e a##!esse# cou"# be un&!ate$u". A !ec"use o$ hi&h %owe!s #evotes himse"$ to un#e!stan# an# e+%"ain the thou&ht o$ E"oisa, he asse!ts he! vast su%e!io!ity in sou" an# &enius to he! maste!, he cu!ses the $ate that casts his "ot in anothe! a&e than he!s. He cou"# have un#e!stoo# he!, he wou"# have been to he! a $!ien# such as Abe"a!# neve! cou"#. An# this one Woman he cou"# have "ove# an# !eve!ence# an# she a"as) "ay co"# in he! &!ave hun#!e#s o$ yea!s a&o. His so!!ow is t!u"y %athetic. These !es%onses that come too "ate to &ive .oy a!e as t!a&ic as anythin& we *now an# yet the tea!s o$ "ate! a&es &"itte! as they $a"" on Tasso?s %!ison ba!s. An# we *now how e"evatin& to the ca%tive is the secu!ity that somewhe!e an inte""i&ence must answe! to his. The Man habitua""y most na!!ow towa!#s Woman wi"" be $"ushe# as by the wo!st assau"t on Ch!istianity i$ you say it has ma#e no im%!ovement in he! con#ition. In#ee# those most o%%ose# to new acts in he! $avo! a!e .ea"ous o$ the !e%utation o$ those which have been #one. We wi"" not s%ea* o$ the enthusiasm e+cite# by act!esses im%!ovisat!ici $ema"e sin&e!s ($o! he!e min&"es the cha!m o$ beauty an# &!ace (but $ema"e autho!s even "ea!ne# women i$ not insu$$e!ab"y u&"y an# s"oven"y $!om the Ita"ian %!o$esso!?s #au&hte! who tau&ht behin# the cu!tain #own to M!s. Ca!te! an# Ma#ame ;acie! a!e su!e o$ an a#mi!in& au#ience an# what is $a! bette! chance to use what they have "ea!ne# an# to "ea!n mo!e i$ they can once &et a %"at$o!m on which to stan#. :ut how to &et this %"at$o!m o! how to ma*e it o$ !easonab"y easy access is the #i$$icu"ty. 2"ants o$ &!eat vi&o! wi"" a"most a"ways st!u&&"e into b"ossom #es%ite im%e#iments. :ut the!e shou"# be encou!a&ement an# a $!ee &enia" atmos%he!e $o! those o$ move timi# so!t $ai! %"ay $o! each in its own *in#. 1ome a!e "i*e the "itt"e #e"icate $"owe!s which "ove to hi#e in the #!i%%in& mosses by the si#es o$ mountain to!!ents o! in the sha#e o$ ta"" t!ees. :ut othe!s !equi!e an o%en $ie"# a !ich an# "oosene# soi" o! they neve! show thei! %!o%e! hues. It may be sai# that Man #oes not have his $ai! %"ay eithe!, his ene!&ies a!e !e%!esse# an# #isto!te# by the inte!%osition o$ a!ti$icia" obstac"es. Ay but he himse"$ has %ut them the!e, they have &!own out o$ his own im%e!$ections. I$ the!e is a mis$o!tune in Woman?s "ot it is in obstac"es bein& inte!%ose# by men which #o not ma!* he! state, an# i$ they e+%!ess he! %ast i&no!ance #o not he! %!esent nee#s. As eve!y Man is o$ Woman bo!n she has s"ow but su!e means o$ !e#!ess, yet the soone! a &ene!a" .ustness o$ thou&ht ma*es smooth the %ath the bette!. Man is o$ Woman bo!n an# he! $ace ben#s ove! him in in$ancy with an e+%!ession he can neve! quite $o!&et. Eminent men have #e"i&hte# to %ay t!ibute to this ima&e an# it is an hac*neye# obse!vation that most men o$ &enius boast some !ema!*ab"e #eve"o%ment in the mothe!. The !u#est ta! b!ushes o$$ a tea! with his coat-s"eeve at the ha""owe# name. The othe! #ay I met a #ec!e%it o"# man o$ seventy on a .ou!ney who cha""en&e# the sta&e com%any to &uess whe!e he was &oin&. They &uesse# a!i&ht 5To see you! mothe!.5 5Yes 5 sai# he 5she is ninety-two but has &oo# eyesi&ht sti"" they say. I have not seen he! these $o!ty yea!s an# I thou&ht I cou"# not #ie in %eace without.5 I shou"# have "i*e# his %ictu!e %ainte# as a com%anion-%iece to that o$ a boiste!ous "itt"e boy whom I saw attem%t to #ec"aim at a schoo" e+hibition(
"O that those li&s ha% language6 7ife has &asse% With me (ut roughly sin#e - hear% thee last."

He &ot but ve!y "itt"e way be$o!e su##en tea!s shame# him $!om the sta&e. 1ome &"eams o$ the same e+%!ession which shone #own u%on his in$ancy an&e"ica""y %u!e an#

beni&n visit Man a&ain with ho%es o$ %u!e "ove o$ a ho"y ma!!ia&e. O! i$ not be$o!e in the eyes o$ the mothe! o$ his chi"# they a&ain a!e seen an# #im $ancies %ass be$o!e his min# that Woman may not have been bo!n $o! him a"one but have come $!om heaven a commissione# sou" a messen&e! o$ t!uth an# "ove, that she can on"y ma*e $o! him a home in which he may "aw$u""y !e%ose in so $a! as she is
"True to the +in%re% &oints of "ea'en an% home."

In &"eams in #im $ancies this thou&ht visits the min# o$ common men. It is soon obscu!e# by the mists o$ sensua"ity the #ust o$ !outine an# he thin*s it was on"y some meteo! o! i&nis $atuus that shone. :ut as a Rosic!ucian "am% it bu!ns unwea!ie# thou&h con#emne# to the so"itu#e o$ tombs, an# to its %e!manent "i$e as to eve!y t!uth each a&e has in some $o!m bo!ne witness. 'o! the t!uths which visit the min#s o$ ca!e"ess men on"y in $it$u" &"eams shine with !a#iant c"ea!ness into those o$ the %oet the %!iest an# the a!tist. Whateve! may have been the #omestic manne!s o$ the ancients the i#ea o$ Woman was nob"y mani$este# in thei! mytho"o&ies an# %oems who!e she a%%ea!s as 1ite in the Ramayana a $o!m o$ ten#e! %u!ity, as the E&y%tian Isis o$ #ivine wis#om neve! yet su!%asse#. In E&y%t too the 1%hyn+ wa"*in& the ea!th with "ion t!ea# "oo*e# out u%on its ma!ve"s in the ca"m insc!utab"e beauty o$ a vi!&in?s $ace an# the 0!ee* cou"# on"y a## win&s to the &!eat emb"em. In 0!eece Ce!es an# 2!ose!%ine si&ni$icant"y te!me# 5the &!eat &o##esses 5 we!e seen seate# si#e by si#e. They nee#e# not to !ise $o! any wo!shi%%e! o! any chan&e, they we!e %!e%a!e# $o! a"" thin&s as those initiate# to thei! myste!ies *new. Mo!e obvious is the meanin& o$ these th!ee $o!ms the ;iana Mine!va an# Cesta. Un"i*e in the e+%!ession o$ thei! beauty but a"i*e in this (that each was se"$-su$$icin&. Othe! $o!ms we!e on"y accesso!ies an# i""ust!ations none the com%"ement to one "i*e these. Anothe! mi&ht in#ee# be the com%anion an# the A%o""o an# ;iana set o$$ one anothe!?s beauty. O$ the Cesta it is to be obse!ve# that not on"y #ee%-eye# #ee%-#isce!nin& 0!eece but !u#e! Rome who !e%!esents the on"y $o!m o$ &oo# man 6the a"ways busy wa!!io!7 that cou"# be in#i$$e!ent to Woman con$i#e# the %e!manence o$ its &"o!y to a tute"a!y &o##ess an# he! wisest "e&is"ato! s%o*e o$ me#itation as a nym%h. 2e!ha%s in Rome the ne&"ect o$ Woman was a !eaction on the manne!s o$ Et!u!ia whe!e the %!iestess @ueen wa!!io! @ueen wou"# seem to have been so usua" a cha!acte!. An instance o$ the nob"e Roman ma!!ia&e whe!e the ste!n an# ca"m nob"eness o$ the nation was common to both we see in the histo!ic %a&e th!ou&h the "itt"e that is to"# us o$ :!utus an# 2o!tia. 1ha*s%ea!e has sei/e# on the !e"ation in its native "ineaments ha!moni/in& the %a!ticu"a! with the unive!sa", an# whi"e it is con.u&a" "ove an# no othe! ma*in& it un"i*e the same !e"ation as seen in Cymbe"ine o! Othe""o even as one sta! #i$$e!eth $!om anothe! in &"o!y.
"8y that great 'ow Whi#h %i% in#or&orate an% ma+e us one, 9nfol% to me, yourself, your other half, Why you are hea'y. ... $well - (ut in the su(ur(s Of your goo% &leasure? -f it (e no more, *ortia is 8rutus, harlot, not his wife."

Ma!* the sa# ma.esty o$ his tone in answe!. Who wou"# not have "ent a "i$e-"on& c!e#ence to that voice o$ hono!3
":ou are my true an% honora(le wife) As %ear to me as are the ru%%y %ro&s That 'isit this sa% heart."

It is the same voice that te""s the mo!a" o$ his "i$e in the "ast wo!#s(
"1ountrymen,

My heart %oth ;oy, that, yet in all my life, - foun% no man (ut he was true to me."

It was not won#e!$u" that it shou"# be so. 1ha*s%ea!e howeve! was not content to "et 2o!tia !est he! %"ea $o! con$i#ence on the essentia" natu!e o$ the ma!!ia&e bon#8
"- grant - am a woman) (ut withal, A woman that lor% 8rutus too+ to wife. - grant - am a woman) (ut withal, A woman well re&ute%51ato,s %aughter. Thin+ you - am no stronger than my sex, 8eing so fathere% an% so hus(an%e%?"

An# a$te!wa!# in the ve!y scene whe!e :!utus is su$$e!in& un#e! that 5insu%%o!tab"e an# touchin& "oss 5 the #eath o$ his wi$e Cassius %"ea#s(
""a'e you not lo'e enough to (ear with me, When that rash humor whi#h my mother ga'e me Ma+es me forgetful? Brutus.5:es, 1assius, an% hen#eforth, When you are o'er.earnest with your 8rutus, "e,ll thin+ your mother #hi%es, an% lea'es you so."

As in#ee# it was a $!equent be"ie$ amon& the ancients as with ou! In#ians that the body was inhe!ite# $!om the mothe! the soul $!om the $athe!. As in that nob"e %assa&e o$ Ovi# a"!ea#y quote# whe!e <u%ite! as his #ivine syno# a!e "oo*in& #own on the $une!a" %y!e o$ He!cu"es thus t!ium%hs(
"Neo nisi materna <ul#anum &arte &otentem, entiet. Aeternum est, = me !uo% tra>it, et e>&ers At!ue immune neois, nulla!ue %oma(ile flamma -%!ue ego %efun#tum terr= #oelesti(us oris A##i&iam, #un#tis!ue meum laeta(ile fa#tum $is fore #onfi%o. "The &art alone of gross maternal flame Fire shall %e'our) while that from me he %rew hall li'e immortal an% its for#e renew) That, when he,s %ea%, -,ll raise to realms a(o'e) 7et all the &owers the righteous a#t a&&ro'e."

It is in#ee# a &o# s%ea*in& o$ his union with an ea!th"y Woman but it e+%!esses the common Roman thou&ht as to ma!!ia&e (the same which %e!mitte# a man to "en# his wi$e to a $!ien# as i$ she we!e a chatte"
" he %welt (ut in the su(ur(s of his goo% &leasure."

Yet the same city as I have sai# "eane# on the wo!shi% o$ Cesta the 2!ese!ve! an# in "ate! times was #evote# to that o$ Isis. In 1%a!ta thou&ht in this !es%ect as in a"" othe!s was e+%!esse# in the cha!acte!s o$ !ea" "i$e an# the women o$ 1%a!ta we!e as much 1%a!tans as the men. The 5citoyen citoyenne5 o$ '!ance was he!e actua"i/e#. Was not the ca"m equa"ity they en.oye# as hono!ab"e as the #evotion o$ chiva"!y3 They inte""i&ent"y sha!e# the i#ea" "i$e o$ thei! nation. 4i*e the men they $e"t8
""onor gone, all,s gone0 8etter ne'er ha'e (een (orn."

They we!e the t!ue $!ien#s o$ men. The 1%a!tan su!e"y wou"# not thin* that he !eceive# on"y his bo#y $!om his mothe!. The sa&e ha# he "ive# in that community cou"# not have thou&ht the sou"s o$ 5vain an# $o%%ish men wi"" be #e&!a#e# a$te! #eath to the $o!ms o$ women, an# i$ they #o not then ma*e &!eat e$$o!ts to !et!ieve themse"ves wi"" become bi!#s.5 6:y the way it is ve!y e+%!essive o$ the ha!# inte""ectua"ity o$ the me!e"y mannish min# to s%ea* thus o$ bi!#s chosen a"ways by the feminine %oet as the symbo"s o$ his $ai!est thou&hts.7 We a!e to"# o$ the 0!ee* nations in &ene!a" that Woman occu%ie# the!e an in$inite"y "owe! %"ace than Man. It is #i$$icu"t to be"ieve this when we see such !an&e an# #i&nity o$ thou&ht on the sub.ect in the mytho"o&ies an# $in# the %oets %!o#ucin& such i#ea"s as Cassan#!a I%hi&enia Anti&one Maca!ia, whe!e 1iby""ine %!iestesses to"# the o!ac"e o$ the hi&hest &o# an# he cou"# not be content to !ei&n with a cou!t o$ $ewe! than nine muses. Even Cicto!y wo!e a $ema"e $o!m. :ut whateve! we!e the $acts o$ #ai"y "i$e I cannot com%"ain o$ the a&e an# nation which !e%!esents its thou&ht by such a symbo" as I see be$o!e me at this moment. It is a /o#iac o$ the busts o$ &o#s an# &o##esses a!!an&e# in %ai!s. The ci!c"e b!eathes the music o$ a heaven"y o!#e!. Ma"e an# $ema"e hea#s a!e #istinct in e+%!ession but equa" in beauty st!en&th an# ca"mness. Each ma"e hea# is that o$ a b!othe! an# a *in& (each $ema"e o$ a siste! an# a queen. Cou"# the thou&ht thus e+%!esse# be "ive# out the!e wou"# be nothin& mo!e to be #esi!e#. The!e wou"# be unison in va!iety con&enia"ity in #i$$e!ence. Comin& nea!e! ou! own time we $in# !e"i&ion an# %oet!y no "ess t!ue in thei! !eve"ations. The !u#e man .ust #isen&a&e# $!om the so# the A#am accuses Woman to his 0o# an# !eco!#s he! #is&!ace to thei! %oste!ity. He is not ashame# to w!ite that he cou"# be #!awn $!om heaven by one beneath him (one ma#e he says $!om but a sma"" %a!t o$ himse"$. :ut in the same nation e#ucate# by time inst!ucte# by a succession o$ %!o%hets we $in# Woman in as hi&h a %osition as she has eve! occu%ie# No $i&u!e that has eve! a!isen to &!eet ou! eyes has been !eceive# with mo!e $e!vent !eve!ence than that o$ the Ma#onna. Heine ca""s he! the Dame du Comptoir o$ the Catho"ic chu!ch an# this .ee! we"" e+%!esses a se!ious t!uth. An# not on"y this ho"y an# si&ni$icant ima&e was wo!shi%%e# by the %i"&!im an# the $avo!ite sub.ect o$ the a!tist but it e+e!cise# an imme#iate in$"uence on the #estiny o$ the se+. The em%!esses who emb!ace# the c!oss conve!te# sons an# husban#s. Who"e ca"en#a!s o$ $ema"e saints he!oic #ames o$ chiva"!y bin#in& the emb"em o$ $aith on the hea!t o$ the best-be"ove# an# wastin& the b"oom o$ youth in se%a!ation an# "one"iness $o! the sa*e o$ #uties they thou&ht it !e"i&ion to assume with innume!ab"e $o!ms o$ %oesy t!ace thei! "inea&e to this one. No! howeve! im%e!$ect may be the action in ou! #ay o$ the $aith thus e+%!esse# an# thou&h we can sca!ce"y thin* it nea!e! this i#ea" than that o$ In#ia o! 0!eece was nea! thei! i#ea" is it in vain that the t!uth has been !eco&ni/e# that Woman is not on"y a %a!t o$ Man bone o$ his bone an# $"esh o$ his $"esh bo!n that men mi&ht not be "one"y(but that women a!e in themse"ves %ossesso!s o$ an# %ossesse# by immo!ta" sou"s. This t!uth un#oubte#"y !eceive# a &!eate! outwa!# stabi"ity $!om the be"ie$ o$ the chu!ch that the ea!th"y %a!ent o$ the 1aviou! o$ sou"s was a woman. The Assum%tion o$ the Ci!&in as %ainte# by sub"ime a!tists as a"so 2et!a!ch?s Hymn to the Ma#onna ='ootnote8 A%%en#i+ :.> cannot have s%o*en to the wo!"# who""y without !esu"t yet o$tentimes those who ha# ea!s hea!# not. 1ee u%on the nations the in$"uence o$ this %owe!$u" e+am%"e. In 1%ain "oo* on"y at the ba""a#s. Woman in these is 5ve!y Woman,5 she is the bet!othe# the b!i#e the s%ouse o$ Man, the!e is on he! no hue o$ the %hi"oso%he! the he!oine the savante but she "oo*s &!eat an# nob"e. Why3 :ecause she is a"so th!ou&h he! #ee% #evotion the bet!othe# o$ Heaven. He! u%tu!ne# eyes have #!awn #own the "i&ht that casts a !a#iance !oun# he!. 1ee on"y such a ba""a# as that o$ 54a#y Te!esa?s :!i#a" 5 whe!e the In$anta &iven to the Moo!ish b!i#e&!oom ca""s #own the ven&eance o$ Heaven on his unha""owe# %assion an# thin*s it not too much to e+%iate by a "i$e in the c"oiste! the invo"unta!y stain u%on he! %!ince"y youth. ='ootnote8 A%%en#i+ C.> It was this constant sense o$

c"aims above those o$ ea!th"y "ove o! ha%%iness that ma#e the 1%anish "a#y who sha!e# this s%i!it a &ue!#on to be won by toi"s an# b"oo# an# constant %u!ity !athe! than a chatte" to be bou&ht $o! %"easu!e an# se!vice. 0e!many #i# not nee# to learn a hi&h view o$ Woman, it was inbo!n in that !ace. Woman was to the Teuton wa!!io! his %!iestess his $!ien# his siste! (in t!uth a wi$e. An# the Ch!istian statues o$ nob"e %ai!s as they "ie above thei! &!aves in stone e+%!essin& the meanin& o$ a"" the by-&one %i"&!ima&e by han#s $o"#e# in mutua" %!aye! yie"# not a nob"e! sense o$ the %"ace an# %owe!s o$ Woman than be"on&e# to the altvater #ay. The ho"y "ove o$ Ch!ist which summone# them a"so to choose 5the bette! %a!t(that which cou"# not be ta*en $!om them 5 !e$ine# an# ha""owe# in this nation a native $aith, thus showin& that it was not the wa!"i*e s%i!it a"one that "e$t the 4atins so ba!ba!ous in this !es%ect. :ut the 0e!mans ta*in& so *in#"y to this thou&ht #i# it the mo!e .ustice. The i#ea o$ Woman in thei! "ite!atu!e is e+%!esse# both to a &!eate! hei&ht an# #e%th than e"sewhe!e. I wi"" &ive as instances the themes o$ th!ee ba""a#s8 One is u%on a *ni&ht who ha# a"ways the name o$ the Ci!&in on his "i%s. This %!otecte# him a"" his "i$e th!ou&h in va!ious an# beauti$u" mo#es both $!om sin an# othe! #an&e!s, an# when he #ie# a %"ant s%!an& $!om his &!ave which so &ent"y whis%e!e# the Ave Ma!ia that none cou"# %ass it by with an un%u!i$ie# hea!t. Anothe! is one o$ the "e&en#s o$ the $amous ;!achen$e"s. A mai#en one o$ the ea!"iest conve!ts to Ch!istianity was ca!!ie# by the en!a&e# %o%u"ace to this #!ea# haunt o$ 5the #!a&on?s $ab"e# b!oo# 5 to be thei! %!ey. 1he was "e$t a"one but un#ismaye# $o! she *new in whom she t!uste#. 1o when the #!a&ons came !ushin& towa!#s he! she showe# them a c!uci$i+ an# they c!ouche# !eve!ent"y at he! $eet. Ne+t #ay the %eo%"e came an# seein& these won#e!s we!e a"" tu!ne# to the $aith which e+a"ts the "ow"y. The thi!# I have in min# is anothe! o$ the Rhine "e&en#s. A youth is sittin& with the mai# he "oves on the sho!e o$ an is"e he! $ai!y *in&#om then %e!$ume# by the b"ossomin& &!a%e-vines which #!a%e# its bowe!s. They a!e ha%%y, a"" b"ossoms with them an# "i$e %!omises its !ichest vine. A boat a%%!oaches on the ti#e, it %auses at thei! $oot. It b!in&s %e!ha%s some .oyous messa&e $!esh #ew $o! thei! $"owe!s $!esh "i&ht on the wave. No) it is the usua" chec* on such &!eat ha%%iness. The $athe! o$ the count #e%a!ts $o! the c!usa#e, wi"" his son .oin him o! !emain to !u"e thei! #omain an# we# he! he "oves3 Neithe! o$ the a$$iance# %ai! hesitates a moment. 5I must &o with my $athe! 5(5Thou must &o with thy $athe!.5 It was one thou&ht one wo!#. 5I wi"" be he!e a&ain 5 he sai# 5when these b"ossoms have tu!ne# to %u!%"e &!a%es.5 5I ho%e so 5 she si&he# whi"e the %!o%hetic sense sai# 5no.5 An# the!e she waite# an# the &!a%es !i%ene# an# we!e &athe!e# into the vinta&e an# he came not. Yea! a$te! yea! %asse# thus an# no ti#in&s, yet sti"" she waite#. He meanwhi"e was in a Mos"em %!ison. 4on& he "an&uishe# the!e without ho%e ti"" at "ast his %at!on saint a%%ea!e# in vision an# announce# his !e"ease but on"y on con#ition o$ his .oinin& the monastic o!#e! $o! the se!vice o$ the saint. An# so his !e"ease was e$$ecte# an# a sa$e voya&e home &iven. An# once mo!e he sets sai" u%on the Rhine. The mai#en sti"" watchin& beneath the vines sees at "ast the ob.ect o$ a"" this %atient "ove a%%!oach(a%%!oach but not to touch the st!an# to which she with outst!etche# a!ms has !ushe#. He #a!es not t!ust himse"$ to "an# but in "ow hea!t-b!o*en tones te""s he! o$ Heaven?s wi"", an# that he in obe#ience to his vow is now on his way to a convent on the !ive!-ban* the!e to %ass the !est o$ his ea!th"y "i$e in the se!vice o$ the sh!ine. An# then he tu!ns his boat an# $"oats away $!om he! an# ho%e o$ any ha%%iness in this wo!"# but u!&e# as he be"ieves by the b!eath o$ Heaven. The mai#en stan#s a%%a""e# but she #a!es not mu!mu! an# cannot hesitate "on&. 1he a"so bi#s them %!e%a!e he! boat. 1he $o""ows he! "ost "ove to the convent &ate !equests an inte!view with the abbot

an# #evotes he! E"ysian is"e whe!e vines ha# !i%ene# thei! !uby $!uit in vain $o! he! to the se!vice o$ the monaste!y whe!e he! "ove was to se!ve. Then %assin& ove! to the nunne!y o%%osite she ta*es the vei" an# meets he! bet!othe# at the a"ta!, an# $o! a "i$e-"on& union i$ not the one they ha# ho%e# in ea!"ie! yea!s. Is not this so!!ow$u" sto!y o$ a "o$ty beauty3 ;oes it not show a su$$icient"y hi&h view o$ Woman o$ Ma!!ia&e3 This is common"y the chiva"!ic sti"" mo!e the 0e!man view. Yet whe!eve! the!e was a ba"ance in the min# o$ Man o$ sentiment with inte""ect such a !esu"t was su!e. The 0!ee* Beno%hon has not on"y %ainte# us a sweet %ictu!e o$ the #omestic Woman in his Economics but in the Cy!o%e#ia has &iven in the %ictu!e o$ 2anthea a view o$ Woman which no 0e!man %ictu!e can su!%ass whethe! "one"y an# quiet with vei"e# "i#s the tem%"e o$ a vesta" "ove"iness o! with eyes $"ashin& an# hai! $"owin& to the $!ee win# chee!in& on the he!o to $i&ht $o! his 0o# his count!y o! whateve! name his #uty mi&ht bea! at the time. This %ictu!e I sha"" co%y by an# by. Yet Beno%hon &!ew u% in the same a&e with him who ma*es I%hi&enia say to Achi""es
"8etter a thousan% women shoul% &erish than one man #ease to see the light."

This was the vu"&a! 0!ee* sentiment. Beno%hon aimin& at the i#ea" Man cau&ht &"im%ses o$ the i#ea" Woman a"so. '!om the $i&u!e o$ a Cy!us the 2antheas stan# not a$a!. They #o not in thou&ht, they wou"# not in "i$e. I cou"# swe"" the cata"o&ue o$ instances $a! beyon# the !ea#e!?s %atience. :ut enou&h have been b!ou&ht $o!wa!# to show that thou&h the!e has been &!eat #is%a!ity betwi+t the nations as between in#ivi#ua"s in thei! cu"tu!e on this %oint yet the i#ea o$ Woman has a"ways cast some !ays an# o$ten been $o!cib"y !e%!esente#. 'a! "ess has Woman to com%"ain that she has not ha# he! sha!e o$ %owe!. This in a"" !an*s o$ society e+ce%t the "owest has been he!s to the e+tent that vanity wou"# c!ave $a! beyon# what wis#om wou"# acce%t. In the ve!y "owest whe!e Man %!esse# by %ove!ty sees in Woman on"y the %a!tne! o$ toi"s an# ca!es an# cannot ho%e sca!ce"y has an i#ea o$ a com$o!tab"e home he o$ten ma"t!eats he! an# is "ess in$"uence# by he!. In a"" !an*s those who a!e &ent"e an# uncom%"ainin& too can#i# to int!i&ue too #e"icate to enc!oach su$$e! much. They su$$e! "on& an# a!e *in#, ve!i"y they have thei! !ewa!#. :ut whe!eve! Man is su$$icient"y !aise# above e+t!eme %ove!ty o! b!uta" stu%i#ity to ca!e $o! the com$o!ts o$ the $i!esi#e o! the b"oom an# o!nament o$ "i$e Woman has a"ways %owe! enou&h i$ she choose to e+e!t it an# is usua""y #is%ose# to #o so in %!o%o!tion to he! i&no!ance an# chi"#ish vanity. Unacquainte# with the im%o!tance o$ "i$e an# its %u!%oses t!aine# to a se"$ish coquet!y an# "ove o$ %etty %owe! she #oes not "oo* beyon# the %"easu!e o$ ma*in& he!se"$ $e"t at the moment an# &ove!nments a!e sha*en an# comme!ce b!o*en u% to &!ati$y the %ique o$ a $ema"e $avo!ite. The En&"ish sho%*ee%e!?s wi$e #oes not vote but it is $o! he! inte!est that the %o"itician canvasses by the coa!sest $"atte!y. '!ance su$$e!s no woman on he! th!one but he! %!ou# nob"es *iss the #ust at the $eet o$ 2om%a#ou! an# ;uba!!y, $o! such $"a!e in the "i&hte# $o!e&!oun# whe!e a Ro"an# wou"# mo#est"y ai# in the c"oset. 1%ain 6that same 1%ain which san& o$ Bimena an# the 4a#y Te!esa7 shuts u% he! women in the ca!e o$ #uennas an# a""ows them no boo* but the b!evia!y, but the !uin $o""ows on"y the mo!e su!e"y $!om the wo!th"ess $avo!ite o$ a wo!th"ess queen. Re"yin& on mean %!ecautions men in#ee# c!y %eace %eace whe!e the!e is no %eace. It is not the t!ansient b!eath o$ %oetic incense that women want, each can !eceive that $!om a "ove!. It is not "i$e-"on& sway, it nee#s but to become a coquette a sh!ew o! a &oo# coo* to be su!e o$ that. It is not money no! noto!iety no! the ba#&es o$ autho!ity which men have a%%!o%!iate# to themse"ves. I$ #eman#s ma#e in thei! beha"$ "ay st!ess on any o$ these %a!ticu"a!s those who ma*e them have not sea!che# #ee%"y into the nee#. The want is $o! that which at once inc"u#es these an# %!ec"u#es them, which wou"# not be $o!bi##en %owe! "est the!e be tem%tation to stea" an# misuse it, which wou"# not have the min# %e!ve!te# by $"atte!y $!om a wo!thiness o$ esteem, it is $o! that which is the bi!th!i&ht o$ eve!y bein& ca%ab"e o$ !eceivin& it (the $!ee#om the !e"i&ious the

inte""i&ent $!ee#om o$ the unive!se to use its means to "ea!n its sec!et as $a! as Natu!e has enab"e# them with 0o# a"one $o! thei! &ui#e an# thei! .u#&e. Ye cannot be"ieve it men, but the on"y !eason why women ove! assume what is mo!e a%%!o%!iate to you is because you %!event them $!om $in#in& out what is $it $o! themse"ves. We!e they $!ee we!e they wise $u""y to #eve"o% the st!en&th an# beauty o$ Woman, they wou"# neve! wish to be men o! man-"i*e. The we""-inst!ucte# moon $"ies not $!om he! o!bit to sei/e on the &"o!ies o$ he! %a!tne!. No, $o! she *nows that one "aw !u"es one heaven contains one unive!se !e%"ies to them a"i*e. It is with women as with the s"ave8
"<or %em +la'en, wenn er %ie Kette (ri#ht, <or %em frelen Mens#hen er/ittert ni#ht."

T!emb"e not be$o!e the $!ee man but be$o!e the s"ave who has chains to b!ea*. In s"ave!y ac*now"e#&e# s"ave!y women a!e on a %a! with men. Each is a wo!*-too" an a!tic"e o$ %!o%e!ty no mo!e) In %e!$ect $!ee#om such as is %ainte# in O"ym%us in 1we#enbo!&?s an&e"ic state in the heaven whe!e the!e is no ma!!yin& no! &ivin& in ma!!ia&e each is a %u!i$ie# inte""i&ence an en$!anchise# sou" (no "ess.
"?ene himmlis#he @estalten ie fragen ni#ht na#h Mann un% Wel(, 9n% +eine +iel%er, +eine Falten 9mge(en %en 'er+larten 7ei(."

The chi"# who son& this was a %!o%hetic $o!m e+%!essive o$ the "on&in& $o! a state o$ %e!$ect $!ee#om %u!e "ove. 1he cou"# not !emain he!e but was t!ans"ate# to anothe! ai!. An# it may be that the ai! o$ this ea!th wi"" neve! be so tem%e!e# that such can bea! it "on&. :ut whi"e they stay they must bea! testimony to the t!uth they a!e constitute# to #eman#. That an e!a a%%!oaches which sha"" a%%!o+imate nea!e! to such a tem%e! than any has yet #one the!e a!e many to*ens, in#ee# so many that on"y a $ew o$ the most %!ominent can he!e be enume!ate#. The !ei&ns o$ E"i/abeth o$ En&"an# an# Isabe""a o$ Casti"e $o!ebo#e# this e!a. They e+%!esse# the be&innin& o$ the new state, whi"e they $o!wa!#e# its %!o&!ess. These we!e st!on& cha!acte!s an# in ha!mony with the wants o$ thei! time. One showe# that this st!en&th #i# not un$it a woman $o! the #uties o$ a wi$e an# a mothe!, the othe! that it cou"# enab"e he! to "ive an# #ie a"one a wi#e ene!&etic "i$e a cou!a&eous #eath. E"i/abeth is ce!tain"y no %"easin& e+am%"e. In !isin& above the wea*ness she #i# not "ay asi#e the $oib"es asc!ibe# to he! se+, but he! st!en&th must be !es%ecte# now as it was in he! own time. Ma!y 1tua!t an# E"i/abeth seem ty%es mou"#e# by the s%i!it o$ the time an# %"ace# u%on an e"evate# %"at$o!m to show to the comin& a&es Woman such as the con#uct an# wishes o$ Man in &ene!a" is "i*e"y to ma*e he!. The $i!st shows Woman "ove"y even to a""u!ement, quic* in a%%!ehension an# wea* in .u#&ment, with &!ace an# #i&nity o$ sentiment but no %!inci%"e, c!e#u"ous an# in#isc!eet yet a!t$u", ca%ab"e o$ su##en &!eatness o! o$ c!ime but not o$ a stea#$ast wis#om no! se"$-!est!ainin& vi!tue. The secon# !evea"s Woman ha"$-emanci%ate# an# .ea"ous o$ he! $!ee#om such as she has $i&u!e# be$o!e o! since in many a combative attitu#e mannish not equa""y man"y, st!on& an# %!u#ent mo!e than &!eat o! wise, ab"e to cont!o" vanity an# the wish to !u"e th!ou&h coquet!y an# %assion but not to !esi&n these #ea! #eceits $!om the ve!y $oun#ation as unwo!thy a bein& ca%ab"e o$ t!uth an# nob"eness. E"i/abeth tau&ht by a#ve!sity %ut on he! vi!tues as a!mo! mo!e than %!o#uce# them in a natu!a" o!#e! $!om he! sou". The time an# he! %osition ca""e# on he! to act the wise sove!ei&n an# she was %!ou# that she cou"# #o so but he! tastes an# inc"inations wou"# have "e# he! to act the wea* woman. 1he was without ma&nanimity o$ any *in#. We may acce%t as an omen $o! ou!se"ves that it was Isabe""a who $u!nishe# Co"umbus with the means o$ comin& hithe!. This "an# must %ay bac* its #ebt to Woman without whose ai# it wou"# not

have been b!ou&ht into a""iance with the civi"i/e# wo!"#. A &!ace$u" an# meanin& $i&u!e is that int!o#uce# to us by M!. 2!escott in the Conquest o$ Me+ico in the In#ian &i!" Ma!ina who accom%anie# Co!te/ an# was his inte!%!ete! in a"" the va!ious #i$$icu"ties o$ his ca!ee!. 1he stoo# at his si#e on the wa""s o$ the besie&e# %a"ace to %"ea# with he! en!a&e# count!ymen. :y he! name he was *nown in New 1%ain an# a$te! the conquest he! &ent"e inte!cession was o$ten o$ avai" to the conque!e#. The %oem o$ the 'utu!e may be !ea# in some $eatu!es o$ the sto!y o$ 5Ma"inche.5 The in$"uence o$ E"i/abeth on "ite!atu!e was !ea" thou&h by sym%athy with its $ine! %!o#uctions she was no mo!e entit"e# to &ive name to an e!a than @ueen Anne. It was sim%"y that the $act o$ havin& a $ema"e sove!ei&n on the th!one a$$ecte# the cou!se o$ a w!ite!?s thou&hts. In this sense the %!esence o$ a woman on the th!one a"ways ma*es its ma!*. 4i$e is "ive# be$o!e the eyes o$ men by which thei! ima&inations a!e stimu"ate# as to the %ossibi"ities o$ Woman. 5We wi"" #ie $o! ou! *in& Ma!ia The!esa 5 c!y the wi"# wa!!io!s c"ashin& thei! swo!#s, an# the soun#s vib!ate th!ou&h the %oems o$ that &ene!ation. The !an&e o$ $ema"e cha!acte! in 1%ense! a"one mi&ht content us $o! one %e!io#. :!itoma!t an# :e"%hoebe have as much !oom on the canvas as '"o!ime", an# whe!e this is the case the hau&htiest Ama/on wi"" not mu!mu! that Una shou"# be $e"t to be the $ai!est ty%e. Un"i*e as was the En&"ish queen to a $ai!y queen we may yet conceive that it was the ima&e o$ a queen be$o!e the %oet?s min# that ca""e# u% this s%"en#i# cou!t o$ women. 1ha*s%ea!e?s !an&e is a"so &!eat, but he has "e$t out the he!oic cha!acte!s such as the Maca!ia o$ 0!eece the :!itoma!t o$ 1%ense!. 'o!# an# Massin&e! have in this !es%ect soa!e# to a hi&he! $"i&ht o$ $ee"in& than he. It was the ho"y an# he!oic Woman they most "ove# an# i$ they cou"# not %aint an Imo&en a ;es#emona a Rosa"in# yet in those o$ a st!on&e! mou"# they showe# a hi&he! i#ea" thou&h with so much "ess %oetic %owe! to embo#y it than we see in 2o!tia o! Isabe""a the sim%"e t!uth o$ Co!#e"ia in#ee# is o$ this so!t. The beauty o$ Co!#e"ia is neithe! ma"e no! $ema"e, it is the beauty o$ vi!tue. The i#ea" o$ "ove an# ma!!ia&e !ose hi&h in the min# o$ a"" the Ch!istian nations who we!e ca%ab"e o$ &!ave an# #ee% $ee"in&. We may ta*e as e+am%"es o$ its En&"ish as%ect the "ines
"- #oul% not lo'e thee, %ear, so mu#h, 7o'e% - not honor more."

O! the a##!ess o$ the Commonwea"th?s man to his wi$e as she "oo*e# out $!om the Towe! win#ow to see him $o! the "ast time on his way to the sca$$o"#. He stoo# u% in the ca!t wave# his hat an# c!ie# 5To Heaven my "ove to Heaven an# "eave you in the sto!m)5 1uch was the "ove o$ $aith an# hono! (a "ove which sto%%e# "i*e Co"one" Hutchinson?s 5on this si#e i#o"at!y 5 because it was !e"i&ious. The meetin& o$ two such sou"s ;onne #esc!ibes as &ivin& bi!th to an 5ab"e! sou".5 4o!# He!be!t w!ote to his "ove
"Were not our souls immortal ma%e, Our e!ual lo'es #an ma+e them su#h."

In the 5:!o*en Hea!t 5 o$ 'o!# 2enthea a cha!acte! which en&a&es my a#mi!ation even mo!e #ee%"y than the $amous one o$ Ca"anthe is ma#e to %!esent to the min# the most beauti$u" %ictu!e o$ what these !e"ations shou"# be in thei! %u!ity. He! "i$e cannot sustain the vio"ation o$ what she so c"ea!"y $ee"s. 1ha*s%ea!e too saw that in t!ue "ove as in $i!e the utmost a!#o! is coinci#ent with the utmost %u!ity. It is a t!ue "ove! that e+c"aims in the a&ony o$ Othe""o
"-f thou art false, O then "ea'en mo#+s -tself6"

The son $!ame# "i*e Ham"et to a%%!eciate t!uth in a"" the beauty o$ !e"ations sin*s into #ee% me"ancho"y when he $in#s his natu!a" e+%ectations #isa%%ointe#. He has no othe!. 1he to whom he

&ave the name #is&!aces $!om his hea!t?s sh!ine a"" the se+.
"Frailty, thy name is Woman."

It is because a Ham"et cou"# $in# cause to say so that I have %ut the "ine whose sti&ma has neve! been !emove# at the hea# o$ my wo!*. :ut as a "ove! su!e"y Ham"et wou"# not have so $a! mista*en as to have $inishe# with such a conviction. He wou"# have $e"t the $aith o$ Othe""o an# that $aith cou"# not in his mo!e #is%assionate min# have been #istu!be# by ca"umny. In 1%ain this thou&ht is a!!aye# in a sub"imity which be"on&s to the somb!e an# %assionate &enius o$ the nation. Ca"#e!on?s <ustina !esists a"" the tem%tation o$ the ;emon an# !aises he! "ove! with he! above the sweet "u!es o$ me!e tem%o!a" ha%%iness. Thei! ma!!ia&e is vowe# at the sta*e, thei! &oa"s a!e "ibe!ate# to&ethe! by the ma!ty! $"ame into 5a %u!e! state o$ sensation an# e+istence.5 In Ita"y the &!eat %oets wove into thei! "ives an i#ea" "ove which answe!e# to the hi&hest wants. It inc"u#e# those o$ the inte""ect an# the a$$ections $o! it was a "ove o$ s%i!it $o! s%i!it. It was not ascetic o! su%e!human but inte!%!etin& a"" thin&s &ave thei! %!o%e! beauty to #etai"s o$ the common "i$e the common #ay. The %oet s%o*e o$ his "ove not as a $"owe! to %"ace in his bosom o! ho"# ca!e"ess"y in his han# but as a "i&ht towa!# which he must $in# win&s to $"y o! 5a stai! to heaven.5 He #e"i&hte# to s%ea* o$ he! not on"y as the b!i#e o$ his hea!t but the mothe! o$ his sou", $o! he saw that in cases whe!e the !i&ht #i!ection ha# been ta*en the &!eate! #e"icacy o$ he! $!ame an# sti""ness o$ he! "i$e "e$t he! mo!e o%en than is Man to s%i!itua" in$"u+. 1o he #i# not "oo* u%on he! as betwi+t him an# ea!th to se!ve his tem%o!a" nee#s but !athe! betwi+t him an# heaven to %u!i$y his a$$ections an# "ea# him to wis#om th!ou&h "ove. He sou&ht in he! not so much the Eve as the Ma#onna. In these min#s the thou&ht which &"eams th!ou&h a"" the "e&en#s o$ chiva"!y shines in b!oa# inte""ectua" e$$u"&ence not to be misinte!%!ete#, an# thei! thou&ht is !eve!ence# by the wo!"# thou&h it "ies $a! $!om the %!actice o$ the wo!"# as yet (so $a! that it seems as thou&h a &u"$ o$ #eath yawne# between. Even with such men the %!actice was o$ten wi#e"y #i$$e!ent $!om the menta" $aith. I say menta", $o! i$ the hea!t we!e tho!ou&h"y a"ive with it the %!actice cou"# not be #issonant. 4o!# He!be!t?s was a ma!!ia&e o$ convention ma#e $o! him at $i$teen, he was not #iscontente# with it but "oo*e# on"y to the a#vanta&es it b!ou&ht o$ %e!%etuatin& his $ami"y on the basis o$ a &!eat $o!tune. He %ai# in act what he consi#e!e# a #uti$u" attention to the bon#, his thou&hts t!ave""e# e"sewhe!e, an# whi"e $o!min& a hi&h i#ea" o$ the com%anionshi% o$ min#s in ma!!ia&e he seems neve! to have #oubte# that its !ea"i/ation must be %ost%one# to some othe! state o$ bein&. ;ante a"most imme#iate"y a$te! the #eath o$ :eat!ice ma!!ie# a "a#y chosen $o! him by his $!ien#s an# :occaccio in #esc!ibin& the mise!ies that atten#e# in this case
"The form of an union where union is none,"

s%ea*s as i$ these we!e inevitab"e to the connection an# as i$ the scho"a! an# %oet es%ecia""y cou"# e+%ect nothin& but mise!y an# obst!uction in a #omestic %a!tne!shi% with Woman. Centu!ies have %asse# since but civi"i/e# Eu!o%e is sti"" in a t!ansition state about ma!!ia&e, not on"y in %!actice but in thou&ht. It is i#"e to s%ea* with contem%t o$ the nations whe!e %o"y&amy is an institution o! se!a&"ios a custom whi"e %!actices $a! mo!e #ebasin& haunt we""-ni&h $i"" eve!y city an# eve!y town an# so $a! as union o$ one with one is be"ieve# to be the on"y %u!e $o!m o$ ma!!ia&e a &!eat ma.o!ity o$ societies an# in#ivi#ua"s a!e sti"" #oubt$u" whethe! the ea!th"y bon# must be a meetin& o$ sou"s o! on"y su%%oses a cont!act o$ convenience an# uti"ity. We!e Woman estab"ishe# in the !i&hts o$ an immo!ta" bein& this cou"# not be. 1he wou"# not in some count!ies be &iven away by he! $athe! with sca!ce"y mo!e !es%ect $o! he! $ee"in&s than is shown by the In#ian chie$ who se""s his #au&hte! $o! a ho!se an# beats he! i$ she !uns away $!om he! new home. No! in societies whe!e he! choice is "e$t $!ee wou"# she be %e!ve!te# by the cu!!ent o$ o%inion that sei/es

he! into the be"ie$ that she must ma!!y i$ it be on"y to $in# a %!otecto! an# a home o$ he! own. Neithe! wou"# Man i$ he thou&ht the connection o$ %e!manent im%o!tance $o!m it so "i&ht"y. He wou"# not #eem it a t!i$"e that he was to ente! into the c"osest !e"ations with anothe! sou" which i$ not ete!na" in themse"ves must ete!na""y a$$ect his &!owth. Neithe! #i# he be"ieve Woman ca%ab"e o$ $!ien#shi% ='ootnote8 1ee A%%en#i+ ; 1%ino/a?s view> wou"# he by !ash haste "ose the chance o$ $in#in& a $!ien# in the %e!son who mi&ht %!obab"y "ive ha"$ a centu!y by his si#e. ;i# "ove to his min# st!etch $o!th into in$inity he wou"# not miss his chance o$ its !eve"ations that he mi&ht the soone! !est $!om his wea!iness by a b!i&ht $i!esi#e an# secu!e a sweet an# &!ace$u" atten#ant 5#evote# to him a"one.5 We!e he a ste% hi&he! he wou"# not ca!e"ess"y ente! into a !e"ation whe!e he mi&ht not be ab"e to #o the #uty o$ a $!ien# as we"" as a %!otecto! $!om e+te!na" i"" to the othe! %a!ty an# have a bein& in his %owe! %inin& $o! sym%athy inte""i&ence an# ai# that he cou"# not &ive. What #ee% communion what !ea" inte!cou!se is im%"ie# in sha!in& the .oys an# ca!es o$ %a!enta&e when any #e&!ee o$ equa"ity is a#mitte# between the %a!ties) It is t!ue that in a ma.o!ity o$ instances the man "oo*s u%on his wi$e as an a#o%te# chi"# an# %"aces he! to the othe! chi"#!en in the !e"ation o$ nu!se o! &ove!ness !athe! than that o$ %a!ent. He! in$"uence with them is su!e, but she misses the e#ucation which shou"# en"i&hten that in$"uence by bein& thus t!eate#. It is the o!#e! o$ natu!e that chi"#!en shou"# com%"ete the e#ucation mo!a" an# menta" o$ %a!ents by ma*in& them thin* what is nee#e# $o! the best cu"tu!e o$ human bein&s an# conque! a"" $au"ts an# im%u"ses that inte!$e!e with thei! &ivin& this to these #ea! ob.ects who !e%!esent the wo!"# to them. 'athe! an# mothe! shou"# assist one anothe! to "ea!n what is !equi!e# $o! this sub"ime %!iesthoo# o$ Natu!e. :ut $o! this a !e"i&ious !eco&nition o$ equa"ity is !equi!e#. Whe!e this thou&ht o$ equa"ity be&ins to #i$$use itse"$ it is shown in $ou! ways. 'i!st,(The househo"# %a!tne!shi%. In ou! count!y the woman "oo*s $o! a 5sma!t but *in#5 husban#, the man $o! a 5ca%ab"e sweet-tem%e!e#5 wi$e. The man $u!nishes the house, the woman !e&u"ates it. Thei! !e"ation is one o$ mutua" esteem mutua" #e%en#ence. Thei! ta"* is o$ business, thei! a$$ection shows itse"$ by %!actica" *in#ness. They *now that "i$e &oes mo!e smooth"y an# chee!$u""y to each $o! the othe!?s ai#, they a!e &!ate$u" an# content. The wi$e %!aises he! husban# as a 5&oo# %!ovi#e!,5 the husban# in !etu!n com%"iments he! as a 5ca%ita" house*ee%e!.5 This !e"ation is &oo# so $a! as it &oes. Ne+t comes a c"ose! tie which ta*es the $o!m eithe! o$ mutua" i#o"at!y o! o$ inte""ectua" com%anionshi%. The $i!st we su%%ose is to no one a %"easin& sub.ect o$ contem%"ation. The %a!ties wea*en an# na!!ow one anothe!, they "oc* the &ate a&ainst a"" the &"o!ies o$ the unive!se that they may "ive in a ce"" to&ethe!. To themse"ves they seem the on"y wise, to a"" othe!s stee%e# in in$atuation, the &o#s smi"e as they "oo* $o!wa!# to the c!isis o$ cu!e, to men the woman seems an un"ove"y sy!en, to women the man an e$$eminate boy. The othe! $o!m o$ inte""ectua" com%anionshi% has become mo!e an# mo!e $!equent. Men en&a&e# in %ub"ic "i$e "ite!a!y men an# a!tists have o$ten $oun# in thei! wives com%anions an# con$i#ants in thou&ht no "ess than in $ee"in&. An# as the inte""ectua" #eve"o%ment o$ Woman has s%!ea# wi#e! an# !isen hi&he! they have not un$!equent"y sha!e# the same em%"oyment, as in the case o$ Ro"an# an# his wi$e who we!e $!ien#s in the househo"# an# in the nation?s counci"s !ea# !e&u"ate# home a$$ai!s o! %!e%a!e# %ub"ic #ocuments to&ethe! in#i$$e!ent"y. It is ve!y %"easant in "ette!s be&un by Ro"an# an# $inishe# by his wi$e to see the ha!mony o$ min# an# the #i$$e!ence o$ natu!e, one thou&ht but va!ious ways o$ t!eatin& it. This is one o$ the best instances o$ a ma!!ia&e o$ $!ien#shi%. It was on"y $!ien#shi% whose basis was esteem, %!obab"y neithe! %a!ty *new "ove e+ce%t by name. Ro"an# was a &oo# man wo!thy to esteem an# be esteeme#, his wi$e as #ese!vin& o$ a#mi!ation as ab"e to #o without it. Ma#ame Ro"an# is the $ai!est s%ecimen we yet have o$ he! c"ass, as c"ea! to #isce!n he! aim as va"iant to %u!sue it as 1%ense!?s :!itoma!t, auste!e"y set a%a!t $!om a"" that #i# not be"on& to he!

whethe! as Woman o! as min#. 1he is an antety%e o$ a c"ass to which the comin& time wi"" a$$o!# a $ie"#(the 1%a!tan mat!on b!ou&ht by the cu"tu!e o$ the a&e o$ boo*s to inte""ectua" consciousness an# e+%ansion. 1e"$-su$$icin&ness st!en&th an# c"ea!si&hte#ness we!e in he! combine# with a %owe! o$ #ee% an# ca"m a$$ection. 1he too wou"# have &iven a son o! husban# the #evice $o! his shie"# 5Retu!n with it o! u%on it,5 an# this not because she "ove# "itt"e but much. The %a&e o$ he! "i$e is one o$ unsu""ie# #i&nity. He! a%%ea" to %oste!ity is one a&ainst the in.ustice o$ those who committe# such c!imes in the name o$ 4ibe!ty. 1he ma*es it in beha"$ o$ he!se"$ an# he! husban#. I wou"# %ut besi#e it on the she"$ a "itt"e vo"ume containin& a simi"a! a%%ea" $!om the ve!#ict o$ contem%o!a!ies to that o$ man*in# ma#e by 0o#win in beha"$ o$ his wi$e the ce"eb!ate# the by most men #eteste# Ma!y Wo"stonec!a$t. In his view it was an a%%ea" $!om the in.ustice o$ those who #i# such w!on& in the name o$ vi!tue. We!e this "itt"e boo* inte!estin& $o! no othe! cause it wou"# be so $o! the &ene!ous a$$ection evince# un#e! the %ecu"ia! ci!cumstances. This man ha# cou!a&e to "ove an# hono! this woman in the $ace o$ the wo!"#?s sentence an# o$ a"" that was !e%u"sive in he! own %ast histo!y. He be"ieve# he saw o$ what sou" she was an# that the im%u"ses she ha# st!u&&"e# to act out we!e nob"e thou&h the o%inions to which they ha# "e# mi&ht not be tho!ou&h"y wei&he#. He "ove# he! an# he #e$en#e# he! $o! the meanin& an# ten#ency o$ he! inne! "i$e. It was a &oo# $act. Ma!y Wo"stonec!a$t "i*e Ma#ame ;u#evant 6common"y *nown as 0eo!&e 1an#7 in ou! #ay was a woman whose e+istence bette! %!ove# the nee# o$ some new inte!%!etation o$ Woman?s Ri&hts than anythin& she w!ote. 1uch bein&s as these !ich in &enius o$ most ten#e! sym%athies ca%ab"e o$ hi&h vi!tue an# a chastene# ha!mony ou&ht not to $in# themse"ves by bi!th in a %"ace so na!!ow that in b!ea*in& bon#s they become out"aws. We!e the!e as much !oom in the wo!"# $o! such as in 1%ense!?s %oem $o! :!itoma!t they wou"# not !un thei! hea#s so wi"#"y a&ainst the wa""s but %!i/e thei! she"te! !athe!. They $in# thei! way at "ast to "i&ht an# ai! but the wo!"# wi"" not ta*e o$$ the b!an# it has set u%on them. The cham%ion o$ the Ri&hts o$ Woman $oun# in 0o#win one who wou"# %"ea# that cause "i*e a b!othe!. He who #e"ineate# with such %u!ity o$ t!aits the $o!m o$ Woman in the Ma!&ue!ite o$ whom the wea* 1t. 4eon cou"# neve! "ea!n to be wo!thy (a %ea!" in#ee# whose %!ice was above !ubies (was not $a"se in "i$e to the $aith by which he ha# ha""owe# his !omance. He acte# as he w!ote "i*e a b!othe!. This $o!m o$ a%%ea" !a!e"y $ai"s to touch the basest man8(5A!e you actin& towa!# othe! women in the way you wou"# have men act towa!#s you! siste!35 0eo!&e 1an# smo*es wea!s ma"e atti!e wishes to be a##!esse# as 5Mon $!D!e,5( %e!ha%s i$ she $oun# those who we!e as b!othe!s in#ee# she wou"# not ca!e whethe! she we!e b!othe! o! siste!. ='ootnote8 A note a%%en#e# by my siste! in this %"ace in the $i!st e#ition is he!e omitte# because it is inco!%o!ate# in anothe! a!tic"e in this vo"ume t!eatin& o$ 0eo!&e 1an# mo!e at "en&th.(=E;.>> We !e.oice to see that she who e+%!esses such a %ain$u" contem%t $o! men in most o$ he! wo!*s as shows she must have *nown &!eat w!on& $!om them #e%icts in 54a Roche Mau%!at 5 a man !aise# by the wo!*in&s o$ "ove $!om the #e%ths o$ sava&e sensua"ism to a mo!a" an# inte""ectua" "i$e. It was "ove $o! a %u!e ob.ect $o! a stea#$ast woman one o$ those who the Ita"ian sai# cou"# ma*e the 5stai! to heaven.5 This autho! be&innin& "i*e the many in assau"t u%on ba# institutions an# e+te!na" i""s yet #ee%enin& the e+%e!ience th!ou&h com%a!ative $!ee#om sees at "ast that the on"y e$$icient !eme#y must come $!om in#ivi#ua" cha!acte!. These ba# institutions in#ee# it may a"ways be !e%"ie# %!event in#ivi#ua"s $!om $o!min& &oo# cha!acte! the!e$o!e we must !emove them. A&!ee#, yet *ee% stea#i"y the hi&he! aim in view. Cou"# you c"ea! away a"" the ba# $o!ms o$ society it is vain un"ess the in#ivi#ua" be&in to be !ea#y $o! bette!. The!e must be a %a!a""e" movement in these two b!anches o$ "i$e. An# a"" the !u"es "e$t by Moses avai"e# "ess to $u!the! the best "i$e than the "ivin& e+am%"e o$ one Messiah. 1ti"" the min# o$ the a&e st!u&&"es con$use#"y with these %!ob"ems bette! #isce!nin& as yet the i"" it can no "on&e! bea! than the &oo# by which it may su%e!se#e it. :ut women "i*e 1an# wi"" s%ea* now an# cannot be si"ence#, thei! cha!acte!s an# thei! e"oquence a"i*e $o!ete"" an e!a when such as they sha"" easie! "ea!n to "ea# t!ue "ives. :ut thou&h such $o!ebo#e not such sha"" be %a!ents o$ it.

='ootnote8 A%%en#i+ E.> Those who wou"# !e$o!m the wo!"# must show that they #o not s%ea* in the heat o$ wi"# im%u"se, thei! "ives must be unstaine# by %assionate e!!o!, they must be seve!e "aw&ive!s to themse"ves. They must be !e"i&ious stu#ents o$ the #ivine %u!%ose with !e&a!# to man i$ they wou"# not con$oun# the $ancies o$ a #ay with the !equisitions o$ ete!na" &oo#. Thei! "ibe!ty must be the "ibe!ty o$ "aw an# *now"e#&e. :ut as to the t!ans&!essions a&ainst custom which have cause# such outc!y a&ainst those o$ nob"e intention it may be obse!ve# that the !eso"ve o$ E"oisa to be on"y the mist!ess o$ Abe"a!# was that o$ one who saw in %!actice a!oun# he! the cont!act o$ ma!!ia&e ma#e the sea" o$ #e&!a#ation. 1he""ey $ea!e# not to be $ette!e# un"ess so to be was to be $a"se. Whe!eve! abuses a!e seen the timi# wi"" su$$e!, the bo"# wi"" %!otest. :ut society has a !i&ht to out"aw them ti"" she has !evise# he! "aw, an# this she must be tau&ht to #o by one who s%ea*s with autho!ity not in an&e! o! haste. I$ 0o#win?s choice o$ the ca"umniate# autho!ess o$ the 5Ri&hts o$ Woman 5 $o! his hono!e# wi$e be a si&n o$ a new e!a no "ess so is an a!tic"e to which I have a""u#e# some %a&es bac* %ub"ishe# $ive o! si+ yea!s a&o in one o$ the En&"ish Reviews whe!e the w!ite! in #oin& $a"" .ustice to E"oisa shows his bitte! !e&!et that she "ives not now to "ove him who mi&ht have *nown betto! how to %!i/e he! "ove than #i# the e&otistica" Abe"a!#. These ma!!ia&es these cha!acte!s with a"" thei! im%e!$ections e+%!ess an onwa!# ten#ency. They s%ea* o$ as%i!ation o$ sou" o$ ene!&y o$ min# see*in& c"ea!ness an# $!ee#om. O$ a "i*e %!omise a!e the t!acts "ate"y %ub"ishe# by 0oo#wyn :a!mby 6the Eu!o%ean 2a!iah as he ca""s himse"$7 an# his wi$e Catha!ine. Whateve! we may thin* o$ thei! measu!es we see in them we#"oc*, the two min#s a!e we# by the on"y cont!act that can %e!manent"y avai" that o$ a common $aith an# a common %u!%ose. We mi&ht mention instances nea!e! home o$ min#s %a!tne!s in wo!* an# in "i$e sha!in& to&ethe! on equa" te!ms %ub"ic an# %!ivate inte!ests an# which wea! not on any si#e the as%ect o$ o$$ence shown by those "ast-name#8 %e!sons who stee! st!ai&ht onwa!# yet in ou! com%a!ative"y $!ee "i$e have not been ob"i&e# to !un thei! hea#s a&ainst any wa"". :ut the %!inci%"es which &ui#e them mi&ht un#e! %et!i$ie# an# o%%!essive institutions have ma#e them wa!"i*e %a!a#o+ica" an# in some sense 2a!iahs. The %henomena a!e #i$$e!ent the "aw is the same in a"" these cases. Men an# women have been ob"i&e# to bui"# u% thei! house anew $!om the ve!y $oun#ation. I$ they $oun# stone !ea#y in the qua!!y they too* it %eaceab"y, othe!wise they a"a!me# the count!y by %u""in& #own o"# towe!s to &et mate!ia"s. These a!e a"" instances o$ ma!!ia&e as inte""ectua" com%anionshi%. The %a!ties meet min# to min# an# a mutua" t!ust is %!o#uce# which can buc*"e! them a&ainst a mi""ion. They wo!* to&ethe! $o! a common %u!%ose an# in a"" these instances with the same im%"ement (the %en. The %en an# the w!itin&-#es* $u!nish $o!th as natu!a""y the !eti!ement o$ Woman as o$ Man. A %"easin& e+%!ession in this *in# is a$$o!#e# by the union in the names o$ the Howitts. Wi""iam an# Ma!y Howitt we hea!# name# to&ethe! $o! yea!s su%%osin& them to be b!othe! an# siste!, the equa"ity o$ "abo!s an# !e%utation even so was aus%icious, mo!e so now we $in# them man an# wi$e. In his "ate wo!* on 0e!many Howitt mentions his wi$e with %!i#e as one amon& the conste""ation o$ #istin&uishe# En&"ish-women an# in a &!ace$u" sim%"e manne!. An# sti"" we contem%"ate with %"easu!e the %a!tne!shi% in "ite!atu!e an# a$$ection between the Howitts (the con&enia" %u!suits an# %!o#uctions(the %e#est!ian tou!s whe!ein the ma!!ie# %ai! showe# that ma!!ia&e on a wi#e enou&h basis #oes not #est!oy the 5ine+haustib"e5 ente!tainment which "ove!s $in# in one anothe!?s com%any. In namin& these instances I #o not mean to im%"y that community o$ em%"oyment is essentia" to the union o$ husban# an# wi$e mo!e than to the union o$ $!ien#s. Ha!mony e+ists in #i$$e!ence no "ess than in "i*eness i$ on"y the same *ey-note &ove!n both %a!ts. Woman the %oem Man the %oet) Woman the hea!t Man the hea#) 1uch #ivisions a!e on"y im%o!tant when they a!e neve! to be t!anscen#e#. I$ natu!e is neve! boun# #own no! the voice o$ ins%i!ation sti$"e# that is enou&h. We a!e %"ease# that women shou"# w!ite an# s%ea* i$ they $ee" nee# o$ it $!om havin& somethin& to

te"", but si"ence $o! a&es wou"# be no mis$o!tune i$ that si"ence be $!om #ivine comman# an# not $!om Man?s t!a#ition. Whi"e 0oet/ Con :e!"ichin&en !i#es to batt"e his wi$e is busy in the *itchen, but #i$$e!ence o$ occu%ation #oes not %!event that community o$ inwa!# "i$e that %e!$ect esteem with which he says
"Whom @o% lo'es, to him gi'es he su#h a wife."

Man/oni thus #e#icates his 5A#e"chi.5 5To his be"ove# an# vene!ate# wi$e En!ichetta 4ui&ia :"on#e" who with con.u&a" a$$ection an# mate!na" wis#om has %!ese!ve# a vi!&in min# the autho! #e#icates this ?A#e"chi ? &!ievin& that he cou"# not by a mo!e s%"en#i# an# mo!e #u!ab"e monument hono! the #ea! name an# the memo!y o$ so many vi!tues.5 The !e"ation cou"# not be $ai!e! no! mo!e equa" i$ she too ha# w!itten %oems. Yet the %osition o$ the %a!ties mi&ht have been the !eve!se as we"", the Woman mi&ht have sun& the #ee#s &iven voice to the "i$e o$ the Man an# beauty wou"# have been the !esu"t, as we see in %ictu!es o$ A!ca#ia the nym%h sin&in& to the she%he!#s o! the she%he!# with his %i%e a""u!in& the nym%hs, eithe! ma*es a &oo# %ictu!e. The soun#in& "y!e !equi!es not muscu"a! st!en&th but ene!&y o$ sou" to animate the han# which wou"# cont!o" it. Natu!e seems to #e"i&ht in va!yin& the a!!an&ements as i$ to show that she wi"" be $ette!e# by no !u"e, an# we must a#mit the same va!ieties that she a#mits. The $ou!th an# hi&hest &!a#e o$ ma!!ia&e union is the !e"i&ious which may be e+%!esse# as %i"&!ima&e towa!# a common sh!ine. This inc"u#es the othe!s8 home sym%athies an# househo"# wis#om $o! these %i"&!ims must *now how to assist each othe! a"on& the #usty way, inte""ectua" communion $o! how sa# it wou"# be on such a .ou!ney to have a com%anion to whom you cou"# not communicate you! thou&hts an# as%i!ations as they s%!an& to "i$e, who wou"# have no $ee"in& $o! the %!os%ects that o%en mo!e an# mo!e &"o!ious as we a#vance, who wou"# neve! see the $"owe!s that may be &athe!e# by the most in#ust!ious t!ave""e!) It must inc"u#e a"" these. 1uch a $e""ow-%i"&!im Count Ein/en#o!$ seems to have $oun# in his countess o$ whom he thus w!ites8 5Twenty-$ive yea!s? e+%e!ience has shown me that .ust the he"%-meet whom I have is the on"y one that cou"# suit my vocation. Who e"se cou"# have so ca!!ie# th!ou&h my $ami"y a$$ai!s3 Who "ive# so s%ot"ess"y be$o!e the wo!"#3 Who so wise"y ai#e# me in my !e.ection o$ a #!y mo!a"ity3 Who so c"ea!"y set asi#e the 2ha!isaism which as yea!s %asse# th!eatene# to c!ee% in amon& us3 Who so #ee%"y #isce!ne# as to the s%i!its o$ #e"usion which sou&ht to bewi"#e! us3 Who wou"# have &ove!ne# my who"e economy so wise"y !ich"y an# hos%itab"y when ci!cumstances comman#e#3 Who have ta*en in#i$$e!ent"y the %a!t o$ se!vant o! mist!ess without on the one si#e a$$ectin& an es%ecia" s%i!itua"ity, on the othe! bein& su""ie# by any wo!"#"y %!i#e3 Who in a community whe!e a"" !an*s a!e ea&e! to be on a "eve" wou"# $!om wise an# !ea" causes have *nown how to maintain inwa!# an# outwa!# #istinctions3 Who without a mu!mu! have seen he! husban# encounte! such #an&e!s by "an# an# sea3 Who un#e!ta*en with him an# sustained such astonishin& %i"&!ima&es3 Who ami# such #i$$icu"ties wou"# have a"ways he"# u% he! hea# an# su%%o!te# me3 Who $oun# such vast sums o$ money an# acquitte# them on he! own c!e#it3 An# $ina""y who o$ a"" human bein&s cou"# so we"" un#e!stan# an# inte!%!et to othe!s my inne! an# oute! bein& as this one o$ such nob"eness in he! way o$ thin*in& such &!eat inte""ectua" ca%acity an# so $!ee $!om the theo"o&ica" %e!%"e+ities that enve"o%e# me)5 4et any one %e!use with a"" intentness the "ineaments o$ this %o!t!ait an# see i$ the husban# ha# not !eason with this ai! o$ so"emn !a%tu!e an# conviction to cha""en&e com%a!ison3 We a!e !emin#e# o$ the ma.estic ca#ence o$ the "ine whose $eet sto% in the .ust %!o%o!tion o$ Humanity
"$aughter of @o% an% Mati, a##om&lishe% E'e6"

An obse!ve! ='ootnote8 1%an&enbe!&> a##s this testimony8

5We may in many ma!!ia&es !e&a!# it as the best a!!an&ement i$ the man has so much a#vanta&e ove! his wi$e that she can without much thou&ht o$ he! own be "e# an# #i!ecte# by him as by a $athe!. :ut it was not so with the count an# his conso!t. 1he was not ma#e to be a co%y, she was an o!i&ina", an# whi"e she "ove# an# hono!e# him she thou&ht $o! he!se"$ on a"" sub.ects with so much inte""i&ence that he cou"# an# #i# "oo* on he! as a siste! an# $!ien# a"so.5 Com%a!e with this !e$ine# s%ecimen o$ a !e"i&ious"y civi"i/e# "i$e the $o""owin& im%e!$ect s*etch o$ a No!th Ame!ican In#ian an# we sha"" see that the same causes wi"" a"ways %!o#uce the same !esu"ts The '"yin& 2i&eon 6Ratchewaine7 was the wi$e o$ a ba!ba!ous chie$ who ha# si+ othe!s, but she was his on"y t!ue wi$e because the on"y one o$ a st!on& an# %u!e cha!acte! an# havin& this ins%i!e# a vene!ation as "i*e as the min# o$ the man %e!mitte# to that ins%i!e# by the Countess Ein/en#o!$. 1he #ie# when he! son was on"y $ou! yea!s o"# yet "e$t on his min# a $ee"in& o$ !eve!ent "ove wo!thy the thou&ht o$ Ch!istian chiva"!y. 0!own to manhoo# he she# tea!s on seein& he! %o!t!ait.

THE FLYING PIGEON.

5Ratchewaine was chaste mi"# &ent"e in he! #is%osition *in# &ene!ous an# #evote# to he! husban#. A ha!sh wo!# was neve! *nown to %!ocee# $!om he! mouth, no! was she eve! *nown to be in a %assion. Mabas*ah use# to say o$ he! a$te! he! #eath that he! han# was shut when those who #i# not want came into he! %!esence, but when the !ea""y %oo! came in it was "i*e a st!aine! $u"" o$ ho"es "ettin& a"" she he"# in it %ass th!ou&h. In the e+e!cise o$ &ene!ous $ee"in& she was uni$o!m It was not in#ebte# $o! its e+e!cise to whim no! ca%!ice no! %a!tia"ity. No matte! o$ what nation the a%%"icant $o! he! bounty was o! whethe! at wa! o! %eace with he! nation, i$ he we!e hun&!y she $e# him, i$ na*e# she c"othe# him, an# i$ house"ess she &ave him she"te!. The continue# e+e!cise o$ this &ene!ous $ee"in& *e%t he! %oo!. An# she has been *nown to &ive away he! "ast b"an*et(a"" the honey that was in the "o#&e the "ast b"a##e! o$ bea!?s oi" an# the "ast %iece o$ #!ie# meat. 51he was sc!u%u"ous"y e+act in the obse!vance o$ a"" the !e"i&ious !ites which he! $aith im%ose# u%on he!. He! conscience is !e%!esente# to have been e+t!eme"y ten#e!. 1he o$ten $ea!e# that he! acts we!e #is%"easin& to the 0!eat 1%i!it when she wou"# b"ac*en he! $ace an# !eti!e to some "one %"ace an# $ast an# %!ay.5 To these t!aits shou"# be a##e# but $o! want o$ !oom anec#otes which show the quic* #ecision an# vivacity o$ he! min#. He! $ace was in ha!mony with this combination. He! b!ow is as i#ea" an# the eyes an# "i#s as #evout an# mo#est as the Ita"ian %ictu!e o$ the Ma#onna whi"e the "owe! %a!t o$ the $ace has the sim%"icity an# chi"#ish st!en&th o$ the In#ian !ace. He! %ictu!e %!esents the $inest s%ecimen o$ In#ian beauty we have eve! seen. 1uch a Woman is the siste! an# $!ien# o$ a"" bein&s as the wo!thy Man is thei! b!othe! an# he"%e!. With "i*e %"easu!e we su!vey the %ai!s we##e# on the eve o$ missiona!y e$$o!t They in#ee# a!e $e""ow-%i"&!ims on the we""-ma#e !oa# an# whethe! o! no they accom%"ish a"" they ho%e $o! the sa# Hin#oo o! the nea!e! sava&e we $ee" that in the bu!nin& waste thei! "ove is "i*e to be a hea"in& #ew in the $o!"o!n .un&"e a tent o$ so"ace to one anothe!. They meet as chi"#!en o$ one 'athe! to !ea# to&ethe! one boo* o$ inst!uction. We must inse!t in this connection the most beauti$u" %ictu!e %!esente# by ancient "ite!atu!e o$ we##e# "ove un#e! this nob"e $o!m. It is $!om the !omance in which Beno%hon the chiva"!ous 0!ee* %!esents his i#ea" o$ what human natu!e shou"# be. The &ene!a"s o$ Cy!us ha# ta*en ca%tive a %!incess a woman o$ unequa""e# beauty an# hastene# to %!esent he! to the %!ince as that %a!t o$ the s%oi" he wou"# thin* most wo!thy o$ his acce%tance. Cy!us visits the "a#y an# is $i""e# with imme#iate a#mi!ation by the mo#esty an# ma.esty with

which she !eceives him. He $in#s he! name is 2anthea an# that she is the wi$e o$ Ab!a#atus a youn& *in& whom she enti!e"y "oves. He %!otects he! as a siste! in his cam% ti"" he can !esto!e he! to he! husban#. A$te! the $i!st t!ans%o!ts o$ .oy at this !eunion the hea!t o$ 2anthea is bent on showin& he! "ove an# &!atitu#e to he! ma&nanimous an# #e"icate %!otecto!. An# as she has nothin& so %!ecious to &ive as the ai# o$ Ab!a#atus that is what she most wishes to o$$e!. He! husban# is o$ one sou" with he! in this as in a"" thin&s. The #esc!i%tion o$ he! &!ie$ an# se"$-#est!uction a$te! the #eath which ensue# u%on this #evotion I have seen quote# but neve! that o$ thei! %a!tin& when she sen#s him $o!th to batt"e. I sha"" co%y both. I$ they have been !ea# by any o$ my !ea#e!s they may be so a&ain with %!o$it in this connection $o! neve! we!e the he!oism o$ a t!ue Woman an# the %u!ity o$ "ove in a t!ue ma!!ia&e %ainte# in co"o!s mo!e #e"icate an# mo!e "ive"y. 5The cha!iot o$ Ab!a#atus that ha# $ou! %e!ches an# ei&ht ho!ses was com%"ete"y a#o!ne# $o! him, an# when he was &oin& to %ut on his "inen co!s"et which was a so!t o$ a!mo! use# by those o$ his count!y 2anthea b!ou&ht him a &o"#en he"met an# a!m-%ieces b!oa# b!ace"ets $o! his w!ists a %u!%"e habit that !eache# #own to his $eet an# hun& in $o"#s at the bottom an# a c!est #ye# o$ a vio"et co"o!. These thin&s she ha# ma#e un*nown to he! husban# an# by ta*in& the measu!e o$ his a!mo!. He won#e!e# when he saw them an# inqui!e# thus o$ 2anthea8 ?An# have you ma#e me these a!ms woman by #est!oyin& you! own o!naments3? ?No by <ove)? sai# 2anthea ?not what is the most va"uab"e o$ them, $o! it is you i$ you a%%ea! to othe!s to be what I thin* you that wi"" be my &!eatest o!nament.? An# sayin& that she %ut on him the a!mo! an# thou&h she en#eavo!e# to concea" it the tea!s %ou!e# #own he! chec*s. When Ab!a#atus who was be$o!e a man o$ $ine a%%ea!ance was set out in those a!ms he a%%ea!e# the most beauti$u" an# nob"e o$ a"" es%ecia""y bein& "i*ewise so by natu!e. Then ta*in& the !eins $!om the #!ive! he was .ust %!e%a!in& to mount the cha!iot when 2anthea a$te! she ha# #esi!e# a"" that we!e the!e to !eti!e thus sai#8 5?O Ab!a#atus) i$ eve! the!e was a woman who ha# a &!eate! !e&a!# to he! husban# than to he! own sou" I be"ieve you *now that I am such an one, what nee# I the!e$o!e s%ea* o$ thin&s in %a!ticu"a!3 $o! I !ec*on that my actions have convince# you mo!e than any wo!#s I can now use. An# yet thou&h I stan# thus a$$ecte# towa!# you as you *now I #o I swea! by this $!ien#shi% o$ mine an# you!s that I ce!tain"y wou"# !athe! choose to be %ut un#e! &!oun# .oint"y with you a%%!ovin& you!se"$ a b!ave man than to "ive with you in #is&!ace an# shame, so much #o I thin* you an# myse"$ wo!thy o$ the nob"est thin&s. Then I thin* that we both "ie un#e! &!eat ob"i&ations to Cy!us that when I was a ca%tive an# chosen out $o! himse"$ he thou&ht $it to t!eat me neithe! as a s"ave no! in#ee# as a woman o$ mean account but he too* an# *e%t me $o! you as i$ I we!e his b!othe!?s wi$e. :esi#es when A!as%es who was my &ua!# went away $!om him I %!omise# him that i$ he wou"# a""ow me to sen# $o! you you wou"# come to him an# a%%!ove you!se"$ a much bette! an# move $aith$u" $!ien# than A!as%es.? 5Thus she s%o*e, an# Ab!a#atus bein& st!uc* with a#mi!ation at he! #iscou!se "ayin& his han# &ent"y on he! hea# an# "i$tin& u% his eyes to heaven ma#e this %!aye!8 ?;o thou O &!eatest <ove) I &!ant me to a%%ea! a husban# wo!thy o$ 2anthea an# a $!ien# wo!thy o$ Cy!us who has #one us so much hono!)? 5Havin& sai# this he mounte# the cha!iot by the #oo! o$ the #!ive!?s seat, an# a$te! he ha# &ot u% when the #!ive! shut the #oo! 2anthea who ha# now no othe! way to sa"ute him *isse# the seat o$ the cha!iot. The cha!iot then move# an# she un*nown to him $o""owe# ti"" Ab!a#atus tu!nin& about an# seein& he! sai#8 ?Ta*e cou!a&e 2anthea) 'a!e you ha%%i"y an# we"" an# now &o you! ways.? On this he! women an# se!vants ca!!ie# he! to he! conveyance an# "ayin& he! #own concea"e# he! by th!owin& the cove!in& o$ a tent ove! he!. The %eo%"e thou&h Ab!a#atus an# his cha!iot ma#e a nob"e s%ectac"e we!e not ab"e to "oo* at him ti"" 2anthea was &one.5 A$te! the batt"e(

5Cy!us ca""in& to some o$ his se!vants ?Te"" me sai# he ?has any one seen Ab!a#atus3 $o! I a#mi!e that he now #oes not a%%ea!.? One !e%"ie# ?My sove!ei&n it is because he is not "ivin& but #ie# in the batt"e as he b!o*e in with his cha!iot on the E&y%tians. A"" the !est e+ce%t his %a!ticu"a! com%anions they say tu!ne# o$$ when they saw the E&y%tians? com%act bo#y. His wi$e is now sai# to have ta*en u% his #ea# bo#y to have %"ace# it in the ca!!ia&e that she he!se"$ was conveye# in an# to have b!ou&ht it hithe! to some %"ace on the !ive! 2acto"us an# he! se!vants a!e #i&&in& a &!ave on a ce!tain e"evation. They say that his wi$e a$te! settin& him out with a"" the o!naments she has is sittin& on the &!oun# with his hea# on he! *nees.? Cy!us hea!in& this &ave himse"$ a b"ow on the thi&h mounte# his ho!se at a "ea% an# ta*in& with him a thousan# ho!se !o#e away to this scene o$ a$$"iction, but &ave o!#e!s to 0a#atas an# 0ob!yas to ta*e with them a"" the !ich o!naments %!o%e! $o! a $!ien# an# an e+ce""ent man #ecease# an# to $o""ow a$te! him, an# whoeve! ha# he!#s o$ catt"e with him he o!#e!e# them to ta*e both o+en an# ho!ses an# shee% in &oo# numbe! an# to b!in& them away to the %"ace whe!e by inqui!y they shou"# $in# him to be that he mi&ht sac!i$ice these to Ab!a#atus. 5As soon as he saw the woman sittin& on the &!oun# an# the #ea# bo#y the!e "yin& he she# tea!s at the a$$"ictin& si&ht an# sai#8 ?A"as) thou b!ave an# $aith$u" sou" hast thou "e$t us an# a!t thou &one3? At the same time he too* him by the !i&ht han# an# the han# o$ the #ecease# came away $o! it ha# been cut o$$ with a swo!# by the E&y%tians. He at the si&ht o$ this became yet much mo!e conce!ne# than be$o!e. The woman sh!ie*e# out in a "amentab"e manne! an# ta*in& the han# $!om Cy!us *isse# it $itte# it to its %!o%e! %"ace a&ain as we"" as she cou"# an# sai#8 ?The !est Cy!us is in the same con#ition but what nee# you see it3 An# I *now that I was not one o$ the "east conce!ne# in these his su$$e!in&s an# %e!ha%s you we!e not "ess so, $o! I $oo" that I was) $!equent"y e+ho!te# him to behave in such a manne! as to a%%ea! a $!ien# to you wo!thy o$ notice, an# I *now he neve! thou&ht o$ what he himse"$ shou"# su$$e! but o$ what he shou"# #o to %"ease you. He is #ea# the!e$o!e ? sai# she ?without !e%!oach an# I who u!&e# him on sit he!e a"ive.? Cy!us she##in& tea!s $o! some time in si"ence then s%o*e8(?He has #ie# woman the nob"est #eath, $o! he has #ie# victo!ious) ;o you a#o!n him with these thin&s that I $u!nish you with.? 60ob!yas an# 0a#atas we!e then come u% an# ha# b!ou&ht !ich o!naments in &!eat abun#ance with them.7 ?Then ? sai# he ?be assu!e# that he sha"" not want !es%ect an# hono! in a"" othe! thin&s, but ove! an# above mu"titu#es sha"" concu! in !aisin& him a monument that sha"" be wo!thy o$ us an# a"" the sac!i$ices sha"" be ma#e him that a!e %!o%e! to be ma#e in hono! o$ a b!ave man. You sha"" not be "e$t #estitute but $o! the sa*e o$ you! mo#esty an# eve!y othe! vi!tue I wi"" %ay you a"" othe! hono!s as we"" as %"ace those about you who wi"" con#uct you whe!eve! you %"ease. ;o you but ma*e it *nown to me whe!e it is that you #esi!e to be conveye# to.? An# 2anthea !e%"ie#8 ?:e con$i#ent Cy!us I wi"" not concea" $!om you to whom it is that I #esi!e to &o.? 5He havin& sai# this went away with &!eat %ity $o! he! that she shou"# have "ost such a husban# an# $o! the man that he shou"# have "e$t such a wi$e behin# him neve! to see he! mo!e. 2anthea then &ave o!#e!s $o! he! se!vants to !eti!e ?ti"" such time ? sai# she ?as I sha"" have "amente# my husban# as I %"ease.? He! nu!se she bi# to stay an# &ave o!#e!s that when she was #ea# she wou"# w!a% he! an# he! husban# u% in one mant"e to&ethe!. The nu!se a$te! havin& !e%eate#"y be&&e# he! not to #o this an# meetin& with no success but obse!vin& he! to &!ow an&!y sat he!se"$ #own b!ea*in& out into tea!s. 1he bein& be$o!ehan# %!ovi#e# with a swo!# *i""e# he!se"$ an# "ayin& he! hea# #own on he! husban#?s b!east she #ie#. The nu!se set u% a "amentab"e c!y an# cove!e# them both as 2anthea ha# #i!ecte#. 5Cy!us as soon as he was in$o!me# o$ what the woman ha# #one bein& st!uc* with it went to he"% he! i$ he cou"#. The se!vants th!ee in numbe! seein& what ha# been #one #!ew thei! swo!#s an# *i""e# themse"ves as they stoo# at the %"ace whe!e she ba# o!#e!e# them. An# the monument is now sai# to have been !aise# by continuin& the moun# on to the se!vants, an# on a %i""a! above they say the names o$ the man an# woman we!e w!itten in 1y!iac "ette!s. 5:e"ow we!e th!ee %i""a!s an# they we!e insc!ibe# thus ?O$ the se!vants.? Cy!us when he came to this me"ancho"y scene was st!uc* with a#mi!ation o$ the woman an# havin& "amente# ove! he!

went away. He too* ca!e as was %!o%e! that a"" the $une!a" !ites shou"# be %ai# them in the nob"est manne! an# the monument they say was !aise# u% to a ve!y &!eat si/e.5 These be the ancients who so many asse!t ha# no i#ea o$ the #i&nity o$ Woman o! o$ ma!!ia&e. 1uch "ove Beno%hon cou"# %aint as subsistin& between those who a$te! #eath 5wou"# see one anothe! neve! mo!e.5 Thousan#s o$ yea!s have %asse# since an# with the !ece%tion o$ the C!oss the nations assume the be"ie$ that those who %a!t thus may meet a&ain an# $o!eve! i$ s%i!itua""y $itte# to one anothe! as Ab!a#atus an# 2anthea we!e an# yet #o we see such ma!!ia&es amon& them3 I$ at a"" how o$ten3 I must quote two mo!e sho!t %assa&es $!om Beno%hon $o! he is a w!ite! who %"eases me we"". Cy!us !eceivin& the A!menians whom he ha# conque!e#( 5?Ti&!anes ? sai# he ?at what !ate wou"# you %u!chase the !e&ainin& o$ you! wi$e3? Now Ti&!anes ha%%ene# to be but lately married an# ha# a ve!y &!eat "ove $o! his wi$e.5 6That c"ause %e!ha%s soun#s modern.7 5?Cy!us ? sai# he ?I wou"# !ansom he! at the e+%ense o$ my "i$e.? 5?Ta*e then you! own to you!se"$ ? sai# he. ... 5When they came home one ta"*e# o$ Cy!us? wis#om anothe! o$ his %atience an# !eso"ution anothe! o$ his mi"#ness. One s%o*e o$ his beauty an# sma""ness o$ his %e!son an# on that Ti&!anes as*e# his wi$e ?An# #o you A!menian #ame thin* Cy!us han#some3? ?T!u"y ? sai# she ?I #i# not "oo* at him.? ?At whom then did you "oo*3? sai# Ti&!anes. ?At him who sai# that to save me $!om se!vitu#e he wou"# !ansom me at the e+%ense o$ his own "i$e.?5 '!om the :anquet.( 51oc!ates who obse!ve# he! with %"easu!e sai# ?This youn& &i!" has con$i!me# me in the o%inion I have ha# $o! a "on& time that the $ema"e se+ a!e nothin& in$e!io! to ou!s e+ce%tin& on"y in st!en&th o$ bo#y o! %e!ha%s his stea#iness o$ .u#&ment.?5 In the Economics the manne! in which the husban# &ives counse" to his youn& wi$e %!esents the mo#e" o$ %o"iteness an# !e$inement. Beno%hon is tho!ou&h"y the &ent"eman, &ent"e in b!ee#in& an# in sou". A"" the men he #esc!ibes a!e so whi"e the sha#es o$ manne! a!e #istinct"y ma!*e#. The!e is the se!ene #i&nity o$ 1oc!ates with &"eams o$ %"ay$u"ness th!own ac!oss its coo" !e"i&ious sha#es the %!ince"y mi"#ness o$ Cy!us an# the mo!e #omestic e"e&ance o$ the husban# in the Economics. The!e is no way that men sin mo!e a&ainst !e$inement as we"" as #isc!etion than in thei! con#uct towa!# thei! wives. 4et them "oo* at the men o$ Beno%hon. 1uch wou"# *now how to &ive counse" $o! they wou"# *now how to !eceive it. They wou"# $ee" that the most intimate !e"ations c"aime# most not "east o$ !e$ine# cou!tesy. They wou"# not su%%ose that con$i#ence .usti$ie# ca!e"essness no! the !ea"ity o$ a$$ection want o$ #e"icacy in the e+%!ession o$ it. 1uch men wou"# be too wise to hi#e thei! a$$ai!s $!om the wi$e an# then e+%ect he! to act as i$ she *new them. They wou"# *now that i$ she is e+%ecte# to $ace ca"amity with cou!a&e she must be inst!ucte# an# t!uste# in %!os%e!ity o! i$ they ha# $ai"e# in wise con$i#ence such as the husban# shows in the Economics they wou"# be ashame# o$ an&e! o! que!u"ous su!%!ise at the !esu"ts that natu!a""y $o""ow. 1uch men wou"# not be e+%ose# to the ba# in$"uence o$ ba# wives, $o! a"" wives ba# o! &oo# "ove# o! un"ove# inevitab"y in$"uence thei! husban#s $!om the %owe! thei! %osition not me!e"y &ives but necessitates o$ co"o!in& evi#ence an# in$usin& $ee"in&s in hou!s when the(%atient sha"" I ca"" him3 (is o$$ his &ua!#. Those who un#e!stan# the wi$e?s min# an# thin* it wo!th whi"e to !es%ect he!

s%!in&s o$ action *now betto! whe!e they a!e. :ut to the ba# o! thou&ht"ess man who "ives ca!e"ess"y an# i!!eve!ent"y so nea! anothe! min# the w!on& he #oes #ai"y bac* u%on himse"$ !ecoi"s. A Cy!us an Ab!a#atus *nows whe!e he stan#s. :ut to !etu!n to the th!ea# o$ my sub.ect. Anothe! si&n o$ the times is $u!nishe# by the t!ium%hs o$ 'ema"e Autho!shi%. These have been &!eat an# a!e constant"y inc!easin&. Women have ta*en %ossession o$ so many %!ovinces $o! which men ha# %!onounce# them un$it that thou&h these sti"" #ec"a!e the!e a!e some inaccessib"e to them it is #i$$icu"t to say .ust where they must sto%. The shinin& names o$ $amous women have cast "i&ht u%on the %ath o$ the se+ an# many obst!uctions have been !emove#. When a Monta&ue cou"# "ea!n bette! than he! b!othe! an# use he! "o!e a$te!wa!#s to such %u!%ose as an obse!ve! it seeme# amiss to hin#e! women $!om %!e%a!in& themse"ves to see o! $!om seein& a"" they cou"# when %!e%a!e#. 1ince 1ome!vi""e has achieve# so much wi"" any youn& &i!" be %!evente# $!om see*in& a *now"e#&e o$ the %hysica" sciences i$ she wishes it3 ;e 1tae"?s name was not so c"ea! o$ o$$ence, she cou"# not $o!&et the Woman in the thou&ht, whi"e she was inst!uctin& you as a min# she wishe# to be a#mi!e# as a Woman, sentimenta" tea!s o$ten #imme# the ea&"e &"ance. He! inte""ect too with a"" its s%"en#o! t!aine# in a #!awin&-!oom $e# on $"atte!y was tainte# an# $"awe#, yet its beams ma*e the obscu!est schoo"house in New En&"an# wa!me! an# "i&hte! to the "itt"e !u&&e# &i!"s who a!e &athe!e# to&ethe! on its woo#en bench. They may neve! th!ou&h "i$e hea! he! name but she is not the "ess thei! bene$act!ess. The in$"uence has been such that the aim ce!tain"y is now in a!!an&in& schoo" inst!uction $o! &i!"s to &ive them as $ai! a $ie"# as boys. As yet in#ee# these a!!an&ements a!e ma#e with "itt"e .u#&ment o! !e$"ection, .ust as the tuto!s o$ 4a#y <ane 0!ey an# othe! #istin&uishe# women o$ he! time tau&ht them 4atin an# 0!ee* because they *new nothin& e"se themse"ves so now the im%!ovement in the e#ucation o$ &i!"s is to be ma#e by &ivin& them youn& men as teache!s who on"y teach what has been tau&ht themse"ves at co""e&e whi"e metho#s an# to%ics nee# !evision $o! these new sub.ects which cou"# bette! be ma#e by those who ha# e+%e!ience# the same wants. Women a!e o$ten at the hea# o$ these institutions, but they have as yet se"#om been thin*in& women ca%ab"e o$ o!&ani/in& a new who"e $o! the wants o$ the time an# choosin& %e!sons to o$$iciate in the #e%a!tments. An# when some %o!tion o$ inst!uction o$ a &oo# so!t is &ot $!om the schoo" the $a! &!eate! %!o%o!tion which is in$use# $!om the &ene!a" atmos%he!e o$ society cont!a#icts its %u!%o!t. Yet boo*s an# a "itt"e e"ementa!y inst!uction a!e not $u!nishe# in vain. Women a!e bette! awa!e how &!eat an# !ich the unive!se is not so easi"y b"in#e# by na!!owness o! %a!tia" views o$ a home ci!c"e. 5He! mothe! #i# so be$o!e he!5 is no "on&e! a su$$icient e+cuse. In#ee# it was neve! !eceive# as an e+cuse to miti&ate the seve!ity o$ censu!e but was a##uce# as a !eason !athe! why the!e shou"# be no e$$o!t ma#e $o! !e$o!mation. Whethe! much o! "itt"e has been #one o! wi"" be #one (whethe! women wi"" a## to the ta"ent o$ na!!ation the %owe! o$ systemati/in& (whethe! they wi"" ca!ve ma!b"e as we"" as #!aw an# %aint (is not im%o!tant. :ut that it shou"# be ac*now"e#&e# that they have inte""ect which nee#s #eve"o%in&(that they shou"# not be consi#e!e# com%"ete i$ bein&s o$ a$$ection an# habit a"one(is im%o!tant. Yet even this ac*now"e#&ment !athe! conque!e# by Woman than %!o$$e!e# by Man has been su""ie# by the usua" se"$ishness. Too much is sai# o$ women bein& bette! e#ucate# that they may become bette! com%anions an# mothe!s for men. They shou"# be $it $o! such com%anionshi% an# we have mentione# with satis$action instances whe!e it has been estab"ishe#. Ea!th *nows no $ai!e! ho"ie! !e"ation than that o$ a mothe!. It is one which !i&ht"y un#e!stoo# must both %!omote an# !equi!e the hi&hest attainments. :ut a bein& o$ in$inite sco%e must not be t!eate# with an e+c"usive view to any one !e"ation. 0ive the sou" $!ee cou!se "et the o!&ani/ation both o$ bo#y an#

min# be $!ee"y #eve"o%e# an# the bein& wi"" be $it $o! any an# eve!y !e"ation to which it may be ca""e#. The inte""ect no mo!e than the sense o$ hea!in& is to be cu"tivate# me!e"y that Woman may be a mo!e va"uab"e com%anion to Man but because the 2owe! who &ave a %owe! by its me!e e+istence si&ni$ies that it must be b!ou&ht out towa!# %e!$ection. In this !e&a!# o$ se"$-#e%en#ence an# a &!eate! sim%"icity an# $u"ness o$ bein& we must hai" as a %!e"imina!y the inc!ease o$ the c"ass contem%tuous"y #esi&nate# as 5o"# mai#s.5 We cannot won#e! at the ave!sion with which o"# bache"o!s an# o"# mai#s have been !e&a!#e#. Ma!!ia&e is the natu!a" means o$ $o!min& a s%he!e o$ ta*in& !oot in the ea!th, it !equi!es mo!e st!en&th to #o this without such an o%enin&, ve!y many have $ai"e# an# thei! im%e!$ections have been in eve!y one?s way. They have been mo!e %a!tia" mo!e ha!sh mo!e o$$icious an# im%e!tinent than those com%e""e# by seve!e! $!iction to !en#e! themse"ves en#u!ab"e. Those who have a mo!e $u"" e+%e!ience o$ the instincts have a #ist!ust as to whethe! the unma!!ie# can be tho!ou&h"y human an# humane such as is hinte# in the sayin& 5O"#-mai#s? an# bache"o!s? chi"#!en a!e we"" ca!e# $o! 5 which #e!i#es at once thei! i&no!ance an# thei! %!esum%tion. Yet the business o$ society has become so com%"e+ that it cou"# now sca!ce"y be ca!!ie# on without the %!esence o$ these #es%ise# au+i"ia!ies, an# #etachments $!om the a!my o$ aunts an# unc"es a!e wante# to sto% &a%s in eve!y he#&e. They !ove about menta" an# mo!a" Ishmae"ites %itchin& thei! tents ami# the $i+e# an# o!namente# homes o$ men. In a st!i*in& va!iety o$ $o!ms &enius o$ "ate both at home an# ab!oa# has %ai# its t!ibute to the cha!acte! o$ the Aunt an# the Unc"e !eco&ni/in& in these %e!sona&es the s%i!itua" %a!ents who have su%%"ie# #e$ects in the t!eatment o$ the busy o! ca!e"ess actua" %a!ents. They a"so &ain a wi#e! i$ not so #ee% e+%e!ience. Those who a!e not intimate"y an# %e!manent"y "in*e# with othe!s a!e th!own u%on themse"ves, an# i$ they #o not the!e $in# %eace an# incessant "i$e the!e is none to $"atte! them that they a!e not ve!y %oo! an# ve!y mean. A %osition which so constant"y a#monishes may be o$ inestimab"e bene$it. The %e!son may &ain un#ist!acte# by othe! !e"ationshi%s a c"ose! communion with the one. 1uch a use is ma#e o$ it by saints an# siby"s. O! she may be one o$ the "ay siste!s o$ cha!ity a canoness boun# by an inwa!# vow (o! the use$u" #!u#&e o$ a"" men the Ma!tha much sou&ht "itt"e %!i/e# (o! the inte""ectua" inte!%!ete! o$ the va!ie# "i$e she sees, the U!ania o$ a ha"$-$o!me# wo!"#?s twi"i&ht. O! she may combine a"" these. Not nee#in& to ca!e that she may %"ease a husban# a $!ai" an# "imite# bein& he! thou&hts may tu!n to the cent!e an# she may by stea#$ast contem%"ation ente!in& into the sec!et o$ t!uth an# "ove use it $o! the &oo# o$ a"" men instea# o$ a chosen $ew an# inte!%!et th!ou&h it a"" the $o!ms o$ "i$e. It is %ossib"e %e!ha%s to be at once a %!iest"y se!vant an# a "ovin& muse. 1aints an# &eniuses have o$ten chosen a "one"y %osition in the $aith that i$ un#istu!be# by the %!essu!e o$ nea! ties they wou"# &ive themse"ves u% to the ins%i!in& s%i!it it wou"# enab"e them to un#e!stan# an# !e%!o#uce "i$e bette! than actua" e+%e!ience cou"#. How many 5o"# mai#s5 ta*e this hi&h stan# we cannot say8 it is an unha%%y $act that too many who have come be$o!e the eye a!e &ossi%s !athe! an# not a"ways &oo#-natu!e# &ossi%s. :ut i$ these abuse an# none ma*e the best o$ thei! vocation yet it has not $ai"e# to %!o#uce some &oo# !esu"ts. It has been seen by othe!s i$ not by themse"ves that bein&s "i*e"y to be "e$t a"one nee# to be $o!ti$ie# an# $u!nishe# within themse"ves, an# e#ucation an# thou&ht have ten#e# mo!e an# mo!e to !e&a!# these bein&s as !e"ate# to abso"ute :ein& as we"" as to othe!s. It has been seen that as the b!ea*in& o$ no bon# ou&ht to #est!oy a man so ou&ht the missin& o$ none to hin#e! him $!om &!owin&. An# thus a ci!cumstance o$ the time which s%!in&s !athe! $!om its "u+u!y than its %u!ity has he"%e# to %"ace women on the t!ue %"at$o!m. 2e!ha%s the ne+t &ene!ation "oo*in& #ee%e! into this matte! wi"" $in# that contem%t is %ut u%on o"# mai#s o! o"# women at a"" me!e"y because they #o not use the e"i+i! which wou"# *ee% them

a"ways youn&. Un#e! its in$"uence a &em b!i&htens yea!"y which is on"y seen to mo!e a#vanta&e th!ou&h the $issu!es Time ma*es in the cas*et. ='ootnote8 A%%en#i+ '.> No one thin*s o$ Michae" An&e"o?s 2e!sican 1iby" o! 1t. The!esa o! Tasso?s 4eono!a o! the 0!ee* E"ect!a as an o"# mai# mo!e than o$ Michae" An&e"o o! Canova as o"# bache"o!s thou&h a"" ha# !eache# the %e!io# in "i$e?s cou!se a%%ointe# to ta*e that #e&!ee. 1ee a common woman at $o!ty, sca!ce"y has she the !emains o$ beauty o$ any so$t %oetic &!ace which &ave he! att!action as Woman which *in#"e# the hea!ts o$ those who "oo*e# on he! to s%a!*"in& thou&hts o! #i$$use# !oun# he! a !oseate ai! o$ &ent"e "ove. 1ee he! who was in#ee# a "ove"y &i!" in the coa!se $u""-b"own #ah"ia $"owe! o$ what is common"y mat!on-beauty 5$at $ai! an# $o!ty 5 showi"y #!esse# an# with manne!s as b!oa# an# $u"" as he! $!i"" o! satin c"oa*. 2eo%"e obse!ve 5How we"" she is %!ese!ve#)5 51he is a $ine woman sti"" 5 they say. This woman whethe! as a #uchess in #iamon#s o! one o$ ou! city #ames in mosaics cha!ms the %oet?s hea!t no mo!e an# wou"# "oo* much out o$ %"ace *nee"in& be$o!e the Ma#onna. 1he 5#oes we"" the hono!s o$ he! house 5(5"ea#s society 5(is in sho!t a"ways s%o*en an# thou&ht o$ u%ho"ste!y-wise. O! see that ca!e-wo!n $ace $!om which eve!y so$t "ine is b"otte# (those $a#e# eyes $!om which "one"y tea!s have #!iven the $"ashes o$ $ancy the mi"# white beam o$ a ten#e! enthusiasm. This woman is not so o!namenta" to a tea-%a!ty, yet she wou"# %"ease bette! in %ictu!e. Yet su!e"y she no mo!e than the othe! "oo*s as a human bein& shou"# at the en# o$ $o!ty yea!s. 'o!ty yea!s) have they boun# those b!ows with no &a!"an#3 she# in the "am% no #!o% o$ amb!osia" oi"3 Not so "oo*e# the I%hi&enia in Au"is. He! $o!ty yea!s ha# seen he! in an&uish in sac!i$ice in utte! "one"iness. :ut those %ains we!e bo!ne $o! he! $athe! an# he! count!y, the sac!i$ice she ha# ma#e %u!e $o! he!se"$ an# those a!oun# he!. Wan#e!in& a"one at ni&ht in the vesta" so"itu#e o$ he! im%!isonin& &!ove she has "oo*e# u% th!ou&h its 5"ivin& summits5 to the sta!s which she# #own into he! as%ect thei! own "o$ty me"o#y. At $o!ty she wou"# not misbecome the ma!b"e. Not so "oo*s the 2e!sica. 1he is withe!e#, she is $a#e#, the #!a%e!y that en$o"#s he! has in its #i&nity an an&u"a!ity too that te""s o$ a&e o$ so!!ow o$ a ste!n !esi&nation to the must. :ut he! eye that to!ch o$ the sou" is untame# an# in the intensity o$ he! !ea#in& we see a sou" invincib"y youn& in $aith an# ho%e. He! a&e is he! cha!m $o! it is the ni&ht o$ the %ast that &ives this beacon-$i!e "eave to shine. Withe! mo!e an# mo!e b"ac* Ch!ysa"i#) thou #ost but &ive the win&e# beauty time to matu!e its s%"en#o!s) Not so "oo*e# Cicto!ia Co"onna a$te! he! "i$e o$ a &!eat ho%e an# o$ t!ue con.u&a" $i#e"ity. 1he ha# been not me!e"y a b!i#e but a wi$e an# each hou! ha# he"%e# to %"ume the nob"e bi!#. A co!onet o$ %ea!"s wi"" not shame he! b!ow, it is white an# am%"e a wo!thy a"ta! $o! "ove an# thou&ht. Even amon& the No!th Ame!ican In#ians a !ace o$ men as com%"ete"y en&a&e# in me!e instinctive "i$e as a"most any in the wo!"# an# whe!e each chie$ *ee%in& many wives as use$u" se!vants o$ cou!se "oo*s with no *in# eye on ce"ibacy in Woman it was e+cuse# in the $o""owin& instance mentione# by M!s. <ameson. A woman #!eamt in youth that she was bet!othe# to the 1un. 1he bui"t he! a wi&wam a%a!t $i""e# it with emb"ems o$ he! a""iance an# means o$ on in#e%en#ent "i$e. The!e she %asse# he! #ays sustaine# by he! own e+e!tions an# t!ue to he! su%%ose# en&a&ement. In any t!ibe we be"ieve a woman who "ive# as i$ she was bet!othe# to the 1un wou"# be to"e!ate# an# the !ays which ma#e he! youth b"ossom sweet"y wou"# c!own he! with a ha"o in a&e. The!e is on this sub.ect a nob"e! view than he!eto$o!e i$ not the nob"est an# im%!ovement he!e must coinci#e with that in the view ta*en o$ ma!!ia&e. 5We must have units be$o!e we can have union 5 says one o$ the !i%e thin*e!s o$ the times. I$ "a!&e! inte""ectua" !esou!ces be&in to be #eeme# nee#$u" to Woman sti"" mo!e is a s%i!itua" #i&nity in he! o! even the me!e assum%tion o$ it "oo*e# u%on with !es%ect. <oanna 1outhcote an# Mothe! Anne 4ee a!e su!e o$ a ban# o$ #isci%"es, Ecstatica ;o"o!osa o$ en!a%tu!e# be"ieve!s who wi"" visit them in thei! "ow"y huts an# wait $o! #ays to !eve!e them in thei! t!ances. The $o!ei&n nob"e

t!ave!ses "an# an# sea to hea! a $ew wo!#s $!om the "i%s o$ the "ow"y %easant &i!" whom he be"ieves es%ecia""y visite# by the Most Hi&h. Ce!y beauti$u" in this way was the in$"uence o$ the inva"i# o$ 1t. 2ete!sbu!& as #esc!ibe# by ;e Maist!e. Mysticism which may be #e$ine# as the b!oo#in& sou" o$ the wo!"# cannot $ai" o$ its o!acu"a! %!omise as to Woman. 5The mothe!s 5 5The mothe! o$ a"" thin&s 5 a!e e+%!essions o$ thou&ht which "ea# the min# towa!#s this si#e o$ unive!sa" &!owth. Wheneve! a mystica" whis%e! was hea!# $!om :ehmen #own to 1t. 1imon s%!an& u% the thou&ht that i$ it be t!ue as the "e&en# says that Humanity withe!s th!ou&h a $au"t committe# by an# a cu!se "ai# u%on Woman th!ou&h he! %u!e chi"# o! in$"uence sha"" the new A#am the !e#em%tion a!ise. Innocence is to be !e%"ace# by vi!tue #e%en#ence by a wi""in& submission in the hea!t o$ the Ci!&in-Mothe! o$ the new !ace. The s%i!itua" ten#ency is towa!# the e"evation o$ Woman but the inte""ectua" by itse"$ is not so. 2"ato sometimes seems %enet!ate# by that hi&h i#ea o$ "ove which consi#e!s Man an# Woman as the two-$o"# e+%!ession o$ one thou&ht. This the an&e" o$ 1we#enbo!& the an&e" o$ the comin& a&e cannot su!%ass but on"y e+%"ain mo!e $u""y. :ut then a&ain 2"ato the man o$ inte""ect t!eats Woman in the Re%ub"ic as %!o%e!ty an# in the TimFus says that Man i$ he misuse the %!ivi"e&es o$ one "i$e sha"" be #e&!a#e# into the $o!m o$ Woman, an# then i$ ho #o not !e#eem himse"$ into that o$ a bi!#. This as I sai# above e+%!esses most ha%%i"y how anti%oetica" is this state o$ min#. 'o! the %oet contem%"atin& the wo!"# o$ thin&s se"ects va!ious bi!#s as the symbo"s o$ his most &!acious an# ethe!ea" thou&hts .ust as he ca""s u%on his &enius as muse !athe! than as 0o#. :ut the inte""ect co"# is eve! mo!e mascu"ine than $eminine, wa!me# by emotion it !ushes towa!# mothe!-ea!th an# %uts on the $o!ms o$ beauty. The e"ect!ica" the ma&netic e"ement in Woman has not been $ai!"y b!ou&ht out at any %e!io#. Eve!ythin& mi&ht be e+%ecte# $!om it, she has $a! mo!e o$ it than Man. This is common"y e+%!esse# by sayin& that he! intuitions a!e mo!e !a%i# an# mo!e co!!ect. You wi"" o$ten see men o$ hi&h inte""ect abso"ute"y stu%i# in !e&a!# to the atmos%he!ic chan&es the $ine invisib"e "in*s which connect the $o!ms o$ "i$e a!oun# them whi"e common women i$ %u!e an# mo#est so that a vu"&a! se"$ #o not ove!sha#ow the menta" eye wi"" sei/e an# #e"ineate these with une!!in& #isc!imination. Women who combine this o!&ani/ation with c!eative &enius a!e ve!y common"y unha%%y at %!esent. They see too much to act in con$o!mity with those a!oun# them an# thei! quic* im%u"ses seem $o""y to those who #o not #isce!n the motives. This is an usua" e$$ect o$ the a%%a!ition o$ &enius whethe! in Man o! Woman but is mo!e $!equent with !e&a!# to the "atte! because a ha!mony an obvious o!#e! an# se"$-!est!ainin& #eco!um is most e+%ecte# $!om he!. Then women o$ &enius even mo!e than men a!e "i*e"y to be ens"ave# by an im%assione# sensibi"ity. The wo!"# !e%e"s them mo!e !u#e"y an# they a!e o$ wea*e! bo#i"y $!ame. Those who seem ove!"a#en with e"ect!icity $!i&hten those a!oun# them. 5When she me!e"y ente!s the !oom I am what the '!ench ca"" heriss 5 sai# a man o$ %etty $ee"in&s an# wo!"#"y cha!acte! o$ such a woman whose #e%th o$ eye an# %owe!$u" motion announce# the con#ucto! o$ the myste!ious $"ui#. Woe to such a woman who $in#s he!se"$ "in*e# to such a man in bon#s too c"ose) It is the c!u#est o$ e!!o!s. He wi"" #etest he! with a"" the bitte!ness o$ woun#e# se"$-"ove. He wi"" ta*e the who"e %!e.u#ice o$ manhoo# u%on himse"$ an# to the utmost o$ his %owe! im%!ison an# to!tu!e he! by its im%e!ious !i&o!s. Yet a""ow !oom enou&h an# the e"ect!ic $"ui# wi"" be $oun# to invi&o!ate an# embe""ish not #est!oy "i$e. 1uch women a!e the &!eat act!esses the son&ste!s. 1uch t!aits we !ea# in a "ate sea!chin& thou&h too '!ench ana"ysis o$ the cha!acte! o$ Ma#emoise""e Rache" by a mo#e!n 4a Roche$eucau"t. The 0!ee*s thus !e%!esent the muses, they have not the &o"#en se!enity o$ A%o""o, they a!e ove!$"owe# with thou&ht, the!e is somethin& t!a&ic in thei! ai!. 1uch a!e the 1iby"s o$ 0ue!oino, the eye is ove!$u"" o$ e+%!ession #i"ate# an# "ust!ous, it seems to have #!awn the who"e bein& into it.

1ic*ness is the $!equent !esu"t o$ this ove!cha!&e# e+istence. To this !e&ion howeve! misun#e!stoo# o! inte!%!ete# with %!esum%tuous ca!e"essness be"on& the %henomena o$ ma&netism o! mesme!ism as it is now o$ten ca""e# whe!e the t!ance o$ the Ecstatica %u!%o!ts to be %!o#uce# by the a&ency o$ one human bein& on anothe! instea# o$ as in he! case #i!ect $!om the s%i!it. The wo!"#"in& has his snee! at this as at the se!vices o$ !e"i&ion. 5The chu!ches can a"ways be $i""e# with women5(51how me a man in one o$ you! ma&netic states an# I wi"" be"ieve.5 Women a!e in#ee# the easy victims both o$ %!iestc!a$t an# se"$-#e"usion, but this wou"# not be i$ the inte""ect was #eve"o%e# in %!o%o!tion to the othe! %owe!s. They wou"# then have a !e&u"ato! an# be mo!e in equi%oise yet must !etain the same ne!vous susce%tibi"ity whi"e thei! %hysica" st!uctu!e is such as it is. It is with .ust that ho%e that we we"come eve!ythin& that ten#s to st!en&then the $ib!e an# #eve"o% the natu!e on mo!e si#es. When the inte""ect an# a$$ections a!e in ha!mony, when inte""ectua" consciousness is ca"m an# #ee%, ins%i!ation wi"" not be con$oun#e# with $ancy.
Then, "she who a%'an#es With ra&turous, lyri#al glan#es, inging the song of the earth, singing -ts hymn to the @o%s,"

wi"" not be %itie# as a ma#-woman no! sh!un* $!om as unnatu!a". The 0!ee*s who saw eve!ythin& in $o!ms which we a!e t!yin& to asce!tain as "aw an# c"assi$y as cause embo#ie# a"" this in the $o!m o$ Cassan#!a. Cassan#!a was on"y un$o!tunate in !eceivin& he! &i$t too soon. The !ema!*s howeve! that the wo!"# sti"" ma*es in such cases a!e we"" e+%!esse# by the 0!ee* #!amatist. In the T!o.an #ames the!e a!e $ine touches o$ natu!e with !e&a!# to Cassan#!a. Hecuba shows that mi+tu!e o$ shame an# !eve!ence that %!osaic *in#!e# a"ways #o towa!# the ins%i!e# chi"# the %oet the e"ecte# su$$e!e! $o! the !ace. When the he!a"# announces that Cassan#!a is chosen to be the mist!ess o$ A&amemnon Hecuba answe!s with in#i&nation bet!ayin& the %!i#e an# $aith she invo"unta!i"y $e"t in this #au&hte!.
"Hec. The mai%en of *hoe(us, to whom the gol%en.haire% @a'e as a &ri'ilege a 'irgin life6 Tal. 7o'e of the ins&ire% mai%en hath &ier#e% him. Hec. Then #ast away, my #hil%, the sa#re% +eys, an% from thy &erson The #onse#rate% garlan%s whi#h thou wearest."

Yet when a moment a$te! Cassan#!a a%%ea!s sin&in& wi"#"y he! ins%i!e# son& Hecuba ca""s he! 5My frantic chi"#.5 Yet how &!ace$u" she is in he! t!a&ic raptus the cho!us shows.
"Chorus. "ow sweetly at thy house,s ills thou smil,st, 1hanting what, ha&ly, thou wilt not show true."

I$ Hecuba #a!es not t!ust he! hi&hest instinct about he! #au&hte! sti"" "ess can the vu"&a! min# o$ the he!a"# Ta"thybius a man not without $ee"in& but with no %!ince"y no %oetic b"oo# abi#e the wi"# %!o%hetic moo# which insu"ts a"" his %!e.u#ices.
"Tal. The 'enera(le, an% that a##ounte% wise, -s nothing (etter than that of no re&ute) For the greatest +ing of all the @ree+s, The %ear son of Atreus, a &ossesse% with the lo'e Of this ma%.Woman. -, in%ee%, am &oor)

:et - woul% not re#ei'e her to my (e%."

The !oya" A&amemnon cou"# see the beauty o$ Cassan#!a, he was not a$!ai# o$ he! %!o%hetic &i$ts. The best to%ic $o! a cha%te! on this sub.ect in the %!esent #ay wou"# be the histo!y o$ the 1ee!ess o$ 2!evo!st the best obse!ve# sub.ect o$ ma&netism in ou! %!esent times an# who "i*e he! ancest!esses o$ ;e"%hos was !ouse# to ecstasy o! %h!ensy by the touch o$ the "au!e". I obse!ve in he! case an# in one *nown to me he!e that what mi&ht have been a &!a#ua" an# &ent"e #isc"osu!e o$ !ema!*ab"e %owe!s was b!o*en an# .a!!e# into #isease by an unsuitab"e ma!!ia&e. :oth these %e!sons we!e un$o!tunate in not un#e!stan#in& what was invo"ve# in this !e"ation but acte# i&no!ant"y as thei! $!ien#s #esi!e#. They thou&ht that this was the inevitab"e #estiny o$ Woman. :ut when en&a&e# in the $a"se %osition it was im%ossib"e $o! them to en#u!e its #issonances as those o$ "ess #e"icate %e!ce%tions can, an# the $ine $"ow o$ "i$e was chec*e# an# su""ie#. They &!ew sic*, but even so "ea!ne# an# #isc"ose# mo!e than those in hea"th a!e wont to #o. In such cases wo!"#"in&s snee!, but !eve!ent men "ea!n won#!ous news eithe! $!om the %e!son obse!ve# o! by thou&hts cause# in themse"ves by the obse!vation. 'ene"on "ea!ns $!om 0uyon 9e!ne! $!om his 1ee!ess what we $ain wou"# *now. :ut to a%%!eciate such #isc"osu!es one must be a chi"#, an# he!e the %h!ase 5women an# chi"#!en 5 may %e!ha%s be inte!%!ete# a!i&ht that on"y "itt"e chi"#!en sha"" ente! into the *in&#om o$ heaven. A"" these motions o$ the time ti#es that beto*en a wa+in& moon ove!$"ow u%on ou! "an#. The wo!"# at "a!&e is !ea#ie! to "et Woman "ea!n an# mani$est the ca%acities o$ he! natu!e than it eve! was be$o!e an# he!e is a "ess encumbe!e# $ie"# an# $!ee! ai! than anywhe!e e"se. An# it ou&ht to be so, we ou&ht to %ay $o! Isabe""a?s .ewe"s. The names o$ nations a!e $eminine(Re"i&ion Ci!tue an# Cicto!y a!e $eminine. To those who have a su%e!stition as to outwa!# !ei&ns it is not without si&ni$icance that the name o$ the queen o$ ou! mothe!"an# shou"# at this c!isis be Cicto!ia (Cicto!ia the 'i!st. 2e!ha%s to us it may be &iven to #isc"ose the e!a thus outwa!#"y %!esa&e#. Anothe! Isabe""a too at this time ascen#s the th!one. Mi&ht she o%en a new wo!"# to he! se+) :ut %!obab"y these %oo! "itt"e women a!e "east o$ any e#ucate# to se!ve as e+am%"es o! ins%i!e!s $o! the !est. The 1%anish queen is youn&e!, we *now o$ he! that she s%!aine# he! $oot the othe! #ay #ancin& in he! %!ivate a%a!tments, o$ Cicto!ia that she !ea#s a"ou# in a #istinct voice an# a&!eeab"e manne! he! a##!esses to 2a!"iament on ce!tain so"emn #ays an# yea!"y that she %!esents to the nation some new %!o% o$ !oya"ty. These "a#ies have ve!y "i*e"y been t!aine# mo!e com%"ete"y to the %u%%et "i$e than any othe!. The queens who have been queens in#ee# we!e t!aine# by a#ve!se ci!cumstances to *now the wo!"# a!oun# them an# thei! own %owe!s. It is movin& whi"e amusin& to !ea# o$ the 1cottish %easant measu!in& the %!int "e$t by the queen?s $oot as she wa"*s an# %!i#in& himse"$ on its beauty. It is so natu!a" to wish to $in# what is $ai! an# %!ecious in hi&h %"aces (so astonishin& to $in# the :ou!bon a &"utton o! the 0ue"%h a #u""a!# o! &ossi%. In ou! own count!y women a!e in many !es%ects bette! situate# than men. 0oo# boo*s a!e a""owe# with mo!e time to !ea# them. They a!e not so ea!"y $o!ce# into the bust"e o$ "i$e no! so wei&he# #own by #eman#s $o! outwa!# success. The %e!%etua" chan&es inci#ent to ou! society ma*e the b"oo# ci!cu"ate $!ee"y th!ou&h the bo#y %o"itic an# i$ not $avo!ab"e at %!esent to the &!ace an# b"oom o$ "i$e they a!e so to activity !esou!ce an# wou"# be to !e$"ection but $o! a "ow mate!ia"ist ten#ency $!om which the women a!e &ene!a""y e+em%t in themse"ves thou&h its e+istence amon& the men has a ten#ency to !e%!ess thei! im%u"ses an# ma*e them #oubt thei! instincts thus o$ten %a!a"y/in& thei! action #u!in& the best yea!s. :ut they have time to thin* an# no t!a#itions chain them an# $ew conventiona"ities com%a!e# with what must be met in othe! nations. The!e is no !eason why they shou"# not #iscove! that the sec!ets o$ natu!e a!e o%en the !eve"ations o$ the s%i!it waitin& $o! whoeve! wi"" see* them. When the min#

is once awa*ene# to this consciousness it wi"" not be !est!aine# by the habits o$ the %ast but $"y to see* the see#s o$ a heaven"y $utu!e. Thei! em%"oyments a!e mo!e $avo!ab"e to me#itation than those o$ men. Woman is not a##!esse# !e"i&ious"y he!e mo!e than e"sewhe!e. 1he is to"# that she shou"# be wo!thy to be the mothe! o$ a Washin&ton o! the com%anion o$ some &oo# man.? :ut in many many instances she has a"!ea#y "ea!ne# that a"" b!ibes have the same $"aw, that t!uth an# &oo# a!e to be sou&ht so"e"y $o! thei! own sa*es. An# a"!ea#y an i#ea" sweetness $"oats ove! many $o!ms shines in many eyes. A"!ea#y #ee% questions a!e %ut by youn& &i!"s on the &!eat theme8 What sha"" I #o to ente! u%on the ete!na" "i$e3 Men a!e ve!y cou!teous to them. They %!aise them o$ten chec* them se"#om. The!e is chiva"!y in the $ee"in& towa!# 5the "a#ies 5 which &ives them the best seats in the sta&e-coach $!equent a#mission not on"y to "ectu!es o$ a"" so!ts but to cou!ts o$ .ustice ha""s o$ "e&is"atu!e !e$o!m conventions. The news%a%e! e#ito! 5wou"# be bette! %"ease# that the 4a#y?s :oo* shou"# be $i""e# u% e+c"usive"y by "a#ies. It wou"# then in#ee# be a t!ue &em wo!thy to be %!esente# by youn& men to the mist!ess o$ thei! a$$ections.5 Can &a""ant!y &o $u!the!3 In this count!y is vene!ate# whe!eve! seen the cha!acte! which 0oethe s%o*e o$ as an I#ea" which he saw actua"i/e# in his $!ien# an# %at!oness the 0!an# ;uchess Ame"ia8 5The e+ce""ent woman is she who i$ the husban# #ies can be a $athe! to the chi"#!en.5 An# this i$ !ea# a!i&ht te""s a &!eat #ea". Women who s%ea* in %ub"ic i$ they have a mo!a" %owe! such as has been $e"t $!om An&e"ina 0!im*e an# Abby 9e""y (that is i$ they s%ea* $o! conscience? sa*e to se!ve a cause which they ho"# sac!e# (inva!iab"y sub#ue the %!e.u#ices o$ thei! hea!e!s an# e+cite an inte!est %!o%o!tionate to the ave!sion with which it ha# been the %u!%ose to !e&a!# them. A %assa&e in a %!ivate "ette! so ha%%i"y i""ust!ates this that it must be inse!te# he!e. Abby 9e""y in the Town-House o$ ((. 5The scene was not unhe!oic(to see that woman t!ue to humanity an# he! own natu!e a cent!e o$ !u#e eyes an# ton&ues even &ent"emen $ee"in& "icense# to ma*e %a!t o$ a s%ecies o$ mob a!oun# a $ema"e out o$ he! s%he!e. As she too* he! seat in the #es* ami# the &!eat noise an# in the th!on& $u"" "i*e a wave o$ somethin& to ensue I saw he! humanity in a &ent"eness an# un%!etension ten#e!"y o%en to the s%he!e a!oun# he! an# ha# she not been su%%o!te# by the %owe! o$ the wi"" o$ &enuineness an# %!inci%"e she wou"# have $ai"e#. It "e# he! to %!aye! which in Woman es%ecia""y is chi"#"i*e, sensibi"ity an# wi"" &oin& to the si#e o$ 0o# an# "oo*in& u% to him, an# humanity was %ou!e# out in as%i!ation. 51he acte# "i*e a &ent"e he!o with he! mi"# #ecision an# woman"y ca"mness. A"" he!oism is mi"# an# quiet an# &ent"e $o! it is "i$e an# %ossession, an# combativeness an# $i!mness show a want o$ actua"ness. 1he is as ea!nest $!esh an# sim%"e as when she $i!st ente!e# the c!usa#e. I thin* she #i# much &oo# mo!e than the men in he! %"ace cou"# #o $o! Woman $ee"s mo!e as bein& an# !e%!o#ucin&(this b!in&s the sub.ect mo!e into home !e"ations. Men s%ea* th!ou&h an# most"y $!om inte""ect an# this a##!esses itse"$ to that in othe!s which is combative.5 Not easi"y sha"" we $in# e"sewhe!e o! be$o!e this time any w!itten obse!vations on the same sub.ect so #e"icate an# %!o$oun#. The "ate ;!. Channin& whose en"a!&e# an# ten#e! an# !e"i&ious natu!e sha!e# eve!y onwa!# im%u"se o$ his tune thou&h his thou&hts $o""owe# his wishes with a #e"ibe!ative caution which be"on&e# to his habits an# tem%e!ament was &!eat"y inte!este# in these e+%ectations $o! women. His own t!eatment o$ them was abso"ute"y an# tho!ou&h"y !e"i&ious. He !e&a!#e# them as sou"s each o$ which ha# a #estiny o$ its own inca"cu"ab"e to othe! min#s an# whose "ea#in& it must

$o""ow &ui#e# by the "i&ht o$ a %!ivate conscience. He ha# sentiment #e"icacy *in#ness taste, but they we!e a"" %e!va#e# an# !u"e# by this one thou&ht that a"" bein&s ha# sou"s an# must vin#icate thei! own inhe!itance. Thus a"" bein&s we!e t!eate# by him with an equa" an# sweet thou&h so"emn cou!tesy. The youn& an# un*nown the woman an# the chi"# a"" $e"t themse"ves !e&a!#e# with an in$inite e+%ectation $!om which the!e was no !eaction to vu"&a! %!e.u#ice. He #eman#e# o$ a"" he met to use his $avo!ite %h!ase 5&!eat t!uths.5 His memo!y eve!y way #ea! an# !eve!en# is by many es%ecia""y che!ishe# $o! this inte!cou!se o$ unb!o*en !es%ect. At one time when the %!o&!ess o$ Ha!!iet Ma!tineau th!ou&h this count!y An&e"ina 0!im*e?s a%%ea!ance in %ub"ic an# the visit o$ M!s. <ameson ha# tu!ne# his thou&hts to this sub.ect he e+%!esse# hi&h ho%es as to what the comin& e!a wou"# b!in& to Woman. He ha# been much %"ease# with the #i&ni$ie# cou!a&e o$ M!s. <ameson in ta*in& u% the #e$ence o$ he! se+ in $!om which women usua""y sh!in* because i$ they e+%!ess themse"ves on such sub.ects with su$$icient $o!ce an# c"ea!ness to #o any &oo# they a!e e+%ose# to assau"ts whose vu"&a!ity ma*es them %ain$u". In inte!cou!se with such a woman he ha# sha!e# he! in#i&nation at the base in.ustice in many !es%ects an# in many !e&ions #one to the se+, an# been "e# to thin* o$ it $a! mo!e than eve! be$o!e. He seeme# to thin* that he mi&ht some time w!ite u%on the sub.ect. That his ai# is with#!awn $!om the cause is a sub.ect o$ &!eat !e&!et, $o! on this question as on othe!s he wou"# have *nown how to sum u% the evi#ence an# ta*e in the nob"est s%i!it mi##"e &!oun#. He a"ways $u!nishe# a %"at$o!m on which o%%osin& %a!ties cou"# stan# an# "oo* at one anothe! un#e! the in$"uence o$ his mi"#ness an# en"i&htene# can#o!. Two youn&e! thin*e!s men both have utte!e# nob"e %!o%hecies aus%icious $o! Woman. 9inmont a"" whose thou&hts ten#e# towa!#s the estab"ishment o$ the !ei&n o$ "ove an# %eace thou&ht that the inevitab"e means o$ this wou"# be an inc!ease# %!e#ominance &iven to the i#ea o$ Woman. Ha# he "ive# "on&e! to see the &!owth o$ the 2eace 2a!ty the !e$o!ms in "i$e an# me#ica" %!actice which see* to substitute wate! $o! wine an# #!u&s %u"se $o! anima" $oo# he wou"# have been con$i!me# in his view o$ the way in which the #esi!e# chan&es a!e to be e$$ecte#. In this connection I must mention 1he""ey who "i*e a"" men o$ &enius sha!e# the $eminine #eve"o%ment an# un"i*e many *new it. His "i$e was one o$ the $i!st %u"se-beats in the %!esent !e$o!m-&!owth. He too abho!!e# b"oo# an# heat an# by his system an# his son& ten#e# to !einstate a %"ant-"i*e &ent"eness in the #eve"o%ment o$ ene!&y. In ha!mony with this his i#eas o$ ma!!ia&e we!e "o$ty an# o$ cou!se no "ess so o$ Woman he! natu!e an# #estiny. 'o! Woman i$ by a sym%athy as to outwa!# con#ition she is "e# to ai# the en$!anchisement o$ the s"ave must be no "ess so by inwa!# ten#ency to $avo! measu!es which %!omise to b!in& the wo!"# mo!e tho!ou&h"y an# #ee%"y into ha!mony with he! natu!e. When the "amb ta*es %"ace o$ the "ion as the emb"em o$ nations both women an# men wi"" be as chi"#!en o$ one s%i!it %e!%etua" "ea!ne!s o$ the wo!# an# #oe!s the!eo$ not hea!e!s on"y. A w!ite! in the New Yo!* 2ath$in#e! in two a!tic"es hea#e# 5'ema"ity 5 has utte!e# a sti"" mo!e %!e&nant wo!# than any we have name#. He views Woman t!u"y $!om the sou" an# not $!om society an# the #e%th an# "ea#in& o$ his thou&hts a!e %!o%o!tionab"y !ema!*ab"e. He views the $eminine natu!e as a ha!moni/e! o$ the vehement e"ements an# this has o$ten been hinte# e"sewhe!e, but what he e+%!esses most $o!cib"y is the "y!ica" the ins%i!in& an# ins%i!e# a%%!ehensiveness o$ he! bein&. This view bein& i#entica" with what I have be$o!e attem%te# to in#icate as to he! su%e!io! susce%tibi"ity to ma&netic o! e"ect!ic in$"uence I wi"" now t!y to e+%!ess myse"$ mo!e $u""y. The!e a!e two as%ects o$ Woman?s natu!e !e%!esente# by the ancients as Muse an# Mine!va. It is the $o!me! to which the w!ite! in the 2ath$in#e! "oo*s. It is the "atte! which Wo!#swo!th has in min# when he says
"With a &la#i% (row,

Whi#h woman ne,er shoul% forfeit, +ee& thy 'ow."

The es%ecia" &enius o$ Woman I be"ieve to be e"ect!ica" in movement intuitive in $unction s%i!itua" in ten#ency. 1he e+ce"s not so easi"y in c"assi$ication o! !ec!eation as in an instinctive sei/u!e o$ causes an# a sim%"e b!eathin& out o$ what she !eceives that has the sin&"eness o$ "i$e !athe! than the se"ectin& an# ene!&i/in& o$ a!t. Mo!e native is it to he! to be the "ivin& mo#e" o$ the a!tist than to set a%a!t $!om he!se"$ any one $o!m in ob.ective !ea"ity, mo!e native to ins%i!e an# !eceive the %oem than to c!eate it. In so $a! as sou" is in he! com%"ete"y #eve"o%e# a"" sou" is the same but in so $a! as it is mo#i$ie# in he! as Woman it $"ows it b!eathes it sin&s !athe! than #e%osits soi" o! $inishes wo!*, an# that which is es%ecia""y $eminine $"ushes in b"ossom the $ace o$ ea!th an# %e!va#es "i*e ai! an# wate! a"" this seemin& so"i# &"obe #ai"y !enewin& an# %u!i$yin& its "i$e. 1uch may be the es%ecia""y $eminine e"ement s%o*en o$ as 'ema"ity. :ut it is no mo!e the o!#e! o$ natu!e that it shou"# be inca!nate# %u!e in any $o!m than that the mascu"ine ene!&y shou"# e+ist unmin&"e# with it in any $o!m. Ma"e an# $ema"e !e%!esent the two si#es o$ the &!eat !a#ica" #ua"ism. :ut in $act they a!e %e!%etua""y %assin& into one anothe!. '"ui# ha!#ens to so"i# so"i# !ushes to $"ui#. The!e is no who""y mascu"ine man no %u!e"y $eminine woman. Histo!y .ee!s at the attem%ts o$ %hysio"o&ists to bin# &!eat o!i&ina" "aws by the $o!ms which $"ow $!om them. They ma*e a !u"e, they say $!om obse!vation what can an# cannot be. In vain) Natu!e %!ovi#es e+ce%tions to eve!y !u"e. 1he sen#s women to batt"e an# sets He!cu"es s%innin&, she enab"es women to bea! immense bu!#ens co"# an# $!ost, she enab"es the man who $ee"s mate!na" "ove to nou!ish his in$ant "i*e a mothe!. O$ "ate she %"ays sti"" &aye! %!an*s. Not on"y she #e%!ives o!&ani/ations but o!&ans o$ a necessa!y en#. 1he enab"es %eo%"e to !ea# with the to% o$ the hea# an# see with the %it o$ the stomach. 2!esent"y she wi"" ma*e a $ema"e Newton an# a ma"e 1y!en. Man %a!ta*es o$ the $eminine in the A%o""o Woman o$ the mascu"ine as Mine!va. What I mean by the Muse is that unim%e#e# c"ea!ness o$ the intuitive %owe!s which a %e!$ect"y t!uth$u" a#he!ence to eve!y a#monition o$ the hi&he! instincts wou"# b!in& to a $ine"y o!&ani/e# human bein&. It may a%%ea! as %!o%hecy o! as %oesy. It enab"e# Cassan#!a to $o!esee the !esu"ts o$ actions %assin& !oun# he!, the 1ee!ess to beho"# the t!ue cha!acte! o$ the %e!son th!ou&h the mas* o$ his customa!y "i$e. 61ometimes she saw a $eminine $o!m behin# the man sometimes the !eve!se.7 It enab"e# the #au&hte! o$ 4innFus to see the sou" o$ the $"owe! e+ha"in& $!om the $"owe!. ='ootnote8 The #au&hte! o$ 4innaeus states that whi"e "oo*in& stea#$ast"y at the !e# "i"y she saw its s%i!it hove!in& above it as a !e# $"ame. It is t!ue this "i*e many $ai! s%i!it-sto!ies may be e+%"aine# away as an o%tica" i""usion but its %oetic beauty an# meanin& wou"# even then ma*e it va"uab"e as an i""ust!ation o$ the s%i!itua" $act.> It &ave a man but a %oet-man the %owe! o$ which he thus s%ea*s8 5O$ten in my contem%"ation o$ natu!e !a#iant intimations an# as it we!e sheaves o$ "i&ht a%%ea! be$o!e me as to the $acts o$ cosmo&ony in which my min# has %e!ha%s ta*en es%ecia" %a!t.5 He wise"y a##s 5but it is necessa!y with ea!nestness to ve!i$y the *now"e#&e we &ain by these $"ashes o$ "i&ht.5 An# none shou"# $o!&et this. 1i&ht must be ve!i$ie# by "i&ht be$o!e it can #ese!ve the hono!s o$ %iety an# &enius. Yet si&ht comes $i!st an# o$ this si&ht o$ the wo!"# o$ causes this a%%!o+imation to the !e&ion o$ %!imitive motions women I ho"# to be es%ecia""y ca%ab"e. Even without equa" $!ee#om with the othe! se+ they have a"!ea#y shown themse"ves so, an# shou"# these $acu"ties have $!ee %"ay I be"ieve they wi"" o%en new #ee%e! an# %u!e! sou!ces o$ .oyous ins%i!ation than have as yet !e$!eshe# the ea!th. 4et us be wise an# not im%e#e the sou". 4et he! wo!* as she wi"". 4et us have one c!eative ene!&y one incessant !eve"ation. 4et it ta*e what $o!m it wi"" an# "et us not bin# it by the %ast to man o! woman b"ac* o! white. <ove s%!an& $!om Rhea 2a""as $!om <ove. 1o "et it be. I$ it has been the ten#ency o$ these !ema!*s to ca"" Woman !athe! to the Mine!va si#e (i$ I un"i*e the mo!e &ene!ous w!ite! have s%o*en $!om society no "ess than the sou" ("et it be %a!#one#) It is

"ove that has cause# this ("ove $o! many inca!ce!ate# sou"s that mi&ht be $!ee# cou"# the i#ea o$ !e"i&ious se"$-#e%en#ence be estab"ishe# in them cou"# the wea*enin& habit o$ #e%en#ence on othe!s be b!o*en u%. 2!oc"us teaches that eve!y "i$e has in its s%he!e a tota"ity o! who"eness o$ the animatin& %owe!s o$ the othe! s%he!es, havin& on"y as its own cha!acte!istic a %!e#ominance o$ some one %owe!. Thus <u%ite! com%!ises within himse"$ the othe! twe"ve %owe!s which stan# thus8 The $i!st t!ia# is demiurgic or fabricative that is <u%ite! Ne%tune Cu"can, the secon# defensive Cesta Mine!va Ma!s, the thi!# vivific Ce!es <uno ;iana, an# the $ou!th Me!cu!y Cenus A%o""o elevating and harmonic. In the s%he!e o$ <u%ite! ene!&y is %!e#ominant(with Cenus beauty, but each com%!ehen#s an# a%%!ehen#s a"" the othe!s. When the same community o$ "i$e an# consciousness o$ min# be&in amon& men humanity wi"" have %ositive"y an# $ina""y sub.u&ate# its b!ute e"ements an# Titanic chi"#hoo#, c!iticism wi"" have %e!ishe#, a!bit!a!y "imits an# i&no!ant censu!e be im%ossib"e, a"" wi"" have ente!e# u%on the "ibe!ty o$ "aw an# the ha!mony o$ common &!owth. Then A%o""o wi"" sin& to his "y!e what Cu"can $o!&es on the anvi" an# the Muse weave anew the ta%est!ies o$ Mine!va. It is the!e$o!e on"y in the %!esent c!isis that the %!e$e!ence is &iven to Mine!va. The %owe! o$ continence must estab"ish the "e&itimacy o$ $!ee#om the %owe! o$ se"$-%oise the %e!$ection o$ motion. Eve!y !e"ation eve!y &!a#ation o$ natu!e is inca"cu"ab"y %!ecious but on"y to the sou" which is %oise# u%on itse"$ an# to whom no "oss no chan&e can b!in& #u"" #isco!# $o! it is in ha!mony with the cent!a" sou". I$ any in#ivi#ua" "ive too much in !e"ations so that he becomes a st!an&e! to the !esou!ces o$ his own natu!e he $a""s a$te! a whi"e into a #ist!action o! imbeci"ity $!om which he can on"y be cu!e# by a time o$ iso"ation which &ives the !enovatin& $ountains time to !ise u%. With a society it is the same. Many min#s #e%!ive# o$ the t!a#itiona!y o! instinctive means o$ %assin& a chee!$u" e+istence must $in# he"% in se"$-im%u"se o! %e!ish. It is the!e$o!e that whi"e any e"evation in the view o$ union is to be hai"e# with .oy we sha"" not #ec"ine ce"ibacy as the &!eat $act o$ the time. It is one $!om which no vow no a!!an&ement can at %!esent save a thin*in& min#. 'o! now the !owe!s a!e %ausin& on thei! oa!s, they wait a chan&e be$o!e they can %u"" to&ethe!. A"" ten#s to i""ust!ate the thou&ht o$ a wise cotem%o!a!y. Union is on"y %ossib"e to those who a!e units. To be $it $o! !e"ations in time sou"s whethe! o$ Man o! Woman must be ab"e to #o without them in the s%i!it. It is the!e$o!e that I wou"# have Woman "ay asi#e a"" thou&ht such as she habitua""y che!ishes o$ bein& tau&ht an# "e# by men. I wou"# have he! "i*e the In#ian &i!" #e#icate he!se"$ to the 1un the 1un o$ T!uth an# &o nowhe!e i$ his beams #i# not ma*e c"ea! the %ath. I wou"# have he! $!ee $!om com%!omise $!om com%"aisance $!om he"%"essness because I wou"# have he! &oo# enou&h an# st!on& enou&h to "ove one an# a"" bein&s $!om the $u"ness not the %ove!ty o$ bein&. Men as at %!esent inst!ucte# wi"" not he"% this wo!* because they a"so a!e un#e! the s"ave!y o$ habit. I have seen with #e"i&ht thei! %oetic im%u"ses. A siste! is the $ai!est i#ea" an# how nob"y Wo!#swo!th an# even :y!on have w!itten o$ a siste!) The!e is no sweete! si&ht than to see a $athe! with his "itt"e #au&hte!. Ce!y vu"&a! men become !e$ine# to the eye when "ea#in& a "itt"e &i!" by the han#. At that moment the !i&ht !e"ation between the se+es seems estab"ishe# an# you $ee" as i$ the man wou"# ai# in the nob"est %u!%ose i$ you as* him in beha"$ o$ his "itt"e #au&hte!. Once two $ine $i&u!es stoo# be$o!e me thus. The $athe! o$ ve!y inte""ectua" as%ect his $a"con eye so$tene# by a$$ection as he "oo*e# #own on his $ai! chi"#, she the ima&e o$ himse"$ on"y mo!e &!ace$u" an# b!i""iant in e+%!ession. I was !emin#e# o$ 1outhey?s 9ehama, when "o the #!eam was !u#e"y b!o*en) They we!e ta"*in& o$ e#ucation an# he sai# 5I sha"" not have Ma!ia b!ou&ht too $o!wa!#. I$ she *nows too much she wi"" neve! $in# a husban#,

su%e!io! women ha!#"y eve! can.5 51u!e"y 5 sai# his wi$e with a b"ush 5you wish Ma!ia to be as &oo# an# wise as she can whethe! it wi"" he"% he! to ma!!ia&e o! not.5 5No 5 he %e!siste# 5I want he! to have a s%he!e an# a home an# some one to %!otect he! when I am &one.5 It was a t!i$"in& inci#ent but ma#e a #ee% im%!ession. I $e"t that the ho"iest !e"ations $ai" to inst!uct the un%!e%a!e# an# %e!ve!te# min#. I$ this man in#ee# cou"# have "oo*e# at it on the othe! si#e he was the "ast that wou"# have been wi""in& to have been ta*en himse"$ $o! the home an# %!otection he cou"# &ive but wou"# have been much mo!e "i*e"y to !e%eat the ta"e o$ A"cibia#es with his %hia"s. :ut men #o not "oo* at both si#es an# women must "eave o$$ as*in& them an# bein& in$"uence# by them but !eti!e within themse"ves an# e+%"o!e the &!oun#-wo!* o$ "i$e ti"" they $in# thei! %ecu"ia! sec!et. Then when they come $o!th a&ain !enovate# an# ba%ti/e# they wi"" *now how to tu!n a"" #!oss to &o"# an# wi"" be !ich an# $!ee thou&h they "ive in a hut t!anqui" i$ in a c!ow#. Then thei! sweet sin&in& sha"" not be $!om %assionate im%u"se but the "y!ica" ove!$"ow o$ a #ivine !a%tu!e an# a new music sha"" be evo"ve# $!om this many-cho!#e# wo!"#. 0!ant he! then $o! a whi"e the a!mo! an# the .ave"in. 4et he! %ut $!om he! the %!ess o$ othe! min#s an# me#itate in vi!&in "one"iness. The same i#ea sha"" !ea%%ea! in #ue time as Muse o! Ce!es the a""-*in#"y %atient Ea!th-1%i!it. Amon& the th!on& o$ sym%toms which #enote the %!esent ten#ency to a c!isis in the "i$e o$ Woman (which !esemb"es the chan&e $!om &i!"hoo# with its beauti$u" instincts but unha!moni/e# thou&hts its b"in# %u%i"a&e an# !est"ess see*in& to se"$-%ossesse# wise an# &!ace$u" womanhoo# (I have attem%te# to se"ect a $ew. One o$ %!ominent inte!est is the unison u%on the sub.ect o$ th!ee ma"e min#s which $o! wi#th o$ cu"tu!e %owe! o$ se"$-concent!ation an# #i&nity o$ aim ta*e !an* as the %!o%hets o$ the comin& a&e whi"e thei! histo!ies an# "abo!s a!e !oote# in the %ast. 1we#enbo!& came he te""s us to inte!%!et the %ast !eve"ation an# un$o"# a new. He announces the New Chu!ch that is to %!e%a!e the way $o! the New <e!usa"em a city bui"t o$ %!ecious stones ha!#ene# an# %u!i$ie# by sec!et %!ocesses in the veins o$ ea!th th!ou&h the a&es. 1we#enbo!& a%%!o+imate# to that ha!mony between the scienti$ic an# %oetic "ives o$ min# which we ho%e $!om the %e!$ecte# man. The "in*s that bin# to&ethe! the !ea"ms o$ natu!e the myste!ies that accom%any he! bi!ths an# &!owths we!e unusua""y %"ain to him. He seems a man to whom insi&ht was &iven at a %e!io# when the menta" $!ame was su$$icient"y matu!e# to !etain an# e+%!ess its &i$ts. His views o$ Woman a!e in the main satis$acto!y. In some #etai"s we my ob.ect to them as in a"" his system the!e a!e sti"" !emains o$ what is a!bit!a!y an# seemin&"y &!oun#"ess($ancies that show the ma!*s o$ o"# habits an# a natu!e as yet not tho!ou&h"y "eavene# with the s%i!itua" "eaven. At "east so it seems to me now. I s%ea* !eve!ent"y $o! I $in# such !eason to vene!ate 1we#enbo!& $!om an im%e!$ect *now"e#&e o$ his min# that I $ee" one mo!e %e!$ect mi&ht e+%"ain to me much that #oes not now secu!e my sym%athy. His i#ea o$ Woman is su$$icient"y "a!&e an# nob"e to inte!%ose no obstac"e to he! %!o&!ess. His i#ea o$ ma!!ia&e is consequent"y su$$icient. Man an# Woman sha!e an an&e"ic minist!y, the union is o$ one with one %e!manent an# %u!e. As the New Chu!ch e+ten#s its !an*s the nee#s o$ Woman must be mo!e consi#e!e#. @ua*e!ism a"so estab"ishes Woman on a su$$icient equa"ity with Man. :ut thou&h the o!i&ina" thou&ht o$ @ua*e!ism is %u!e its sco%e is too na!!ow an# its in$"uence havin& estab"ishe# a ce!tain amount o$ &oo# an# ma#e c"ea! some t!uth must by #e&!ees be me!&e# in one o$ wi#e! !an&e. ='ootnote8 In wo!shi% at state# %e!io#s in #ai"y e+%!ession whethe! by wo!# o! #ee# the @ua*e!s

have %"ace# Woman on the same %"at$o!m with Man. Can any one asse!t that they have !eason to !e%ent this3> The min# o$ 1we#enbo!& a%%ea"s to the va!ious natu!e o$ Man an# a""ows !oom $o! aesthetic cu"tu!e an# the $!ee e+%!ession o$ ene!&y. As a%ost"e o$ the new o!#e! o$ the socia" $ab!ic that is to !ise $!om "ove an# su%e!se#e the o"# that was base# on st!i$e Cha!"es 'ou!ie! comes ne+t e+%!essin& in an outwa!# o!#e! many $acts o$ which 1we#enbo!& saw the sec!et s%!in&s. The min# o$ 'ou!ie! thou&h &!an# an# c"ea! was in some !es%ects su%e!$icia". He was a st!an&e! to the hi&hest e+%e!iences. His eye was $i+e# on the outwa!# mo!e than the inwa!# nee#s o$ Man. Yet he too was a see! o$ the #ivine o!#e! in its musica" e+%!ession i$ not in its %oetic sou". He has $i""e# one #e%a!tment o$ inst!uction $o! the new e!a an# the ha!mony in action an# $!ee#om $o! in#ivi#ua" &!owth he ho%es sha"" e+ist, an# i$ the metho#s he %!o%oses shou"# not %!ove the t!ue ones yet his $ai! %!o%ositions sha"" &ive many hints an# ma*e !oom $o! the ins%i!ation nee#e# $o! such. He too %"aces Woman on an enti!e equa"ity with Man an# wishes to &ive to one as to the othe! that in#e%en#ence which must !esu"t $!om inte""ectua" an# %!actica" #eve"o%ment. Those who wi"" consu"t him $o! no othe! !eason mi&ht #o so to see how the ene!&ies o$ Woman may be ma#e avai"ab"e in the %ecunia!y way. The ob.ect o$ 'ou!ie! was to &ive he! the nee#e# means o$ se"$-he"% that she mi&ht #i&ni$y an# un$o"# he! "i$e $o! he! own ha%%iness an# that o$ society. The many now who see thei! #au&hte!s "iab"e to #estitution o! vice to esca%e $!om it may be inte!este# to e+amine the means i$ they have not yet sou" enou&h to a%%!eciate the en#s he %!o%oses. On the o%%osite si#e o$ the a#vancin& a!my "ea#s the &!eat a%ost"e o$ in#ivi#ua" cu"tu!e 0oethe. 1we#enbo!& ma*es o!&ani/ation an# union the necessa!y !esu"ts o$ so"ita!y thou&ht. 'ou!ie! whose natu!e was above a"" const!uctive "oo*e# to them too e+c"usive"y. :ette! institutions he thou&ht wi"" ma*e bette! men. 0oethe e+%!esse# in eve!y way the othe! si#e. I$ one man cou"# %!esent bette! $o!ms the !est cou"# not use them ti"" !i%e $o! them. 'ou!ie! says As the institutions so the men) A"" $o""ies a!e e+cusab"e an# natu!a" un#e! ba# institutions. 0oethe thin*s As the man so the institutions) The!e is no e+cuse $o! i&no!ance an# $o""y. A man can &!ow in any %"ace i$ he wi"". Ay) but 0oethe ba# institutions a!e %!ison-wa""s an# im%u!e ai! that ma*e him stu%i# so that he #oes not wi"". An# thou 'ou!ie! #o not e+%ect to chan&e man*in# at once o! even 5in th!ee &ene!ations 5 by a!!an&ement o$ &!ou%s an# se!ies o! $"ou!ish o$ t!um%ets $o! att!active in#ust!y. I$ these attem%ts a!e ma#e by un!ea#y men they wi"" $ai". Yet we %!i/e the theo!y o$ 'ou!ie! no "ess than the %!o$oun# su&&estion o$ 0oethe. :oth a!e e#ucatin& the a&e to a c"ea!e! consciousness o$ what Man nee#s what Man can be, an# bette! "i$e must ensue. 0oethe %!ocee#in& on his own t!ac* e"evatin& the human bein& in the most im%e!$ect states o$ society by continua" e$$o!ts at se"$-cu"tu!e ta*es as &oo# ca!e o$ women as o$ men. His mothe! the bo"# &ay '!au A.a with such %"ay$u" $!ee#om o$ natu!e, the wise an# &ent"e mai#en *nown in his youth ove! whose sic*"y so"itu#e 5the Ho"y 0host b!oo#e# as a #ove,5 his siste! the inte""ectua" woman par excellence, the ;uchess Ame"ia, 4i"i who combine# the cha!acte! o$ the woman o$ the wo!"# with the "y!ica" sweetness o$ the she%he!#ess on whose chaste an# nob"e b!east $"owe!s an# &ems we!e equa""y at home, a"" these ha# su%%"ie# abun#ant su&&estions to his min# as to the wants an# the %ossib"e e+ce""ences o$ Woman. An# $!om his %oetic sou" &!ew u% $o!ms new an# mo!e a#mi!ab"e than "i$e has yet %!o#uce# $o! whom his c"ea! eye ma!*e# out %aths in the $utu!e. In 'aust Ma!&a!et !e%!esents the !e#eemin& %owe! which at %!esent u%ho"#s Woman whi"e waitin& $o! a bette! #ay. The "ove"y "itt"e &i!" %u!e in instinct i&no!ant in min# is mis"e# an# %!o$ane# by man abusin& he! con$i#ence.='ootnote8 As 'aust says he! on"y $au"t was a 5*in#"y

#e"usion 5(5ein &ute! wahn.5> To the Mate! Dolorosa she a%%ea"s $o! ai#. It is &iven to the sou" i$ not a&ainst outwa!# so!!ow, an# the mai#en en"i&htene# by he! su$$e!in&s !e$usin& to !eceive tem%o!a" sa"vation by the ai# o$ an evi" %owe! obtains the ete!na" in its stea#. In the secon# %a!t the inte""ectua" man a$te! a"" his mani$o"# st!ivin&s owes to the inte!%osition o$ he! whom he ha# bet!aye# his sa"vation. 1he inte!ce#es this time he!se"$ a &"o!i$ie# s%i!it with the Mate! loriosa. 4eono!a too is Woman as we see he! now %u!e thou&ht$u" !e$ine# by much acquaintance with &!ie$. I%hi&enia he s%ea*s o$ in his .ou!na"s as his 5#au&hte! 5 an# she is the #au&hte! ='ootnote8 0oethe was as $a"se to his i#eas in %!actice as 4o!# He!be!t. An# his %unishment was the .ust an# usua" one o$ connections $o!me# beneath the stan#a!# o$ !i&ht $!om the im%u"ses o$ the base! se"$. I%hi&enia was the wo!thy #au&hte! o$ his min#, but the son chi"# o$ his #e&!a#in& connection in actua" "i$e co!!es%on#e# with that connection. This son on whom 0oethe vain"y "avishe# so much thou&ht an# ca!e was "i*e his mothe! an# "i*e 0oethe?s attachment $o! his mothe!. 5This youn& man 5 says a "ate we""-in$o!me# w!ite! 6M. Hen!i :"a/e7 5Wie"an# with &oo# !eason ca""e# the son o$ the se!vant der Sohn der Magd. He inhe!ite# $!om his $athe! on"y his name an# his physi!ue.5> whom a man wi"" wish even i$ he has chosen his wi$e $!om ve!y mean motives. 1he is the vi!&in stea#$ast sou" to whom $a"sehoo# is mo!e #!ea#$u" than any othe! #eath. :ut it is to Wi"he"m Meiste!?s A%%!enticeshi% an# Wan#e!in& Yea!s that I wou"# es%ecia""y !e$e! as these vo"umes contain the sum o$ the 1a&e?s obse!vations #u!in& a "on& "i$e as to what Man shou"# #o un#e! %!esent ci!cumstances to obtain maste!y ove! outwa!# th!ou&h an initiation into inwa!# "i$e an# seve!e #isci%"ine o$ $acu"ty. As Wi"he"m a#vances into the u%wa!# %ath he becomes acquainte# with bette! $o!ms o$ Woman by *nowin& how to see* an# how to %!i/e them when $oun#. 'o! the wea* an# immatu!e man wi"" o$ten a#mi!e a su%e!io! woman but he wi"" not be ab"e to abi#e by a $ee"in& which is too seve!e a ta+ on his habitua" e+istence. :ut with Wi"he"m the &!a#ation is natu!a" an# e+%!esses ascent in the sca"e o$ bein&. At $i!st he $in#s cha!m in Ma!iana an# 2hi"ina ve!y common $o!ms o$ $eminine cha!acte! not without !e#eemin& t!aits no "ess than cha!ms but without wis#om o! %u!ity. 1oon he is atten#e# by Mi&non the $inest e+%!ession eve! yet &iven to what I have ca""e# the "y!ica" e"ement in Woman. 1he is a chi"# but too $u""-&!own $o! this man, he "oves but cannot $o""ow he!, yet is the association not without an en#u!in& in$"uence. 2oesy has been #omesticate# in his "i$e, an# thou&h he st!ives to bin# #own he! heavenwa!# im%u"se as a!t o! a%othe&m these a!e on"y the tents beneath which he may so.ou!n $o! a whi"e but which may be easi"y st!uc* an# ca!!ie# on "imit"ess wan#e!in&s. A#vancin& into the !e&ion o$ thou&ht he encounte!s a wise %hi"anth!o%y in Nata"ia 6inst!ucte# "et us obse!ve by an uncle7, %!actica" .u#&ment an# the outwa!# economy o$ "i$e in The!esa, %u!e #evotion in the 'ai! 1aint. 'u!the! an# "ast he comes to the house o$ Maca!ia the sou" o$ a sta!, that is a %u!e an# %e!$ecte# inte""i&ence embo#ie# in $eminine $o!m an# the cent!e o$ a wo!"# whose membe!s !evo"ve ha!monious"y a!oun# he!. 1he inst!ucts him in the a!chives o$ a !ich human histo!y an# int!o#uces him to the contem%"ation o$ the heavens. '!om the hou!s %asse# by the si#e o$ Ma!iana to these with Maca!ia is a wi#e #istance $o! human $eet to t!ave!se. No! has Wi"he"m t!ave""e# so $a! seen an# su$$e!e# so much in vain He now be&ins to stu#y how he may ai# the ne+t &ene!ation, he sees ob.ects in ha!monious a!!an&ement an# $!om his obse!vations #e#uces %!ece%ts by which to &ui#e his cou!se as a teache! an# a maste! 5he"%-$u"" com$o!t-$u"".5 In a"" these e+%!essions o$ Woman the aim o$ 0oethe is satis$acto!y to me. He aims at a %u!e se"$subsistence an# a $!ee #eve"o%ment o$ any %owe!s with which they may be &i$te# by natu!e as

much $o! them as $o! men. They a!e units a##!esse# as sou"s. Acco!#in&"y the meetin& between Man an# Woman as !e%!esente# by him is equa" an# nob"e, an# i$ he #oes not #e%ict ma!!ia&e he ma*es it %ossib"e. In the Maca!ia boun# with the heaven"y bo#ies in $i+e# !evo"utions the cent!e o$ a"" !e"ations he!se"$ un!e"ate# he e+%!esses the Mine!va si#e o$ $eminine natu!e. It was not by chance that 0oethe &ave he! this name. Maca!ia the #au&hte! o$ He!cu"es who o$$e!e# he!se"$ as a victim $o! the &oo# o$ he! count!y was canoni/e# by the 0!ee*s an# wo!shi%%e# as the 0o##ess o$ t!ue 'e"icity. 0oethe has embo#ie# this 'e"icity as the 1e!enity that a!ises $!om Wis#om a Wis#om such as the <ewish wise man vene!ate# a"i*e inst!ucte# in the #esi&ns o$ heaven an# the metho#s necessa!y to ca!!y them into e$$ect u%on ea!th. Mi&non is the e"ect!ica" ins%i!e# "y!ica" natu!e. An# whe!eve! it a%%ea!s we echo in ou! as%i!ations that o$ the chi"#
" o let me seem until - (e05 Ta+e not the white robe away." A A A A A "Though - li'e% without #are an% toil, :et felt - shar& &ain enough to Ma+e me again fore'er young."

A"" these women thou&h we see them in !e"ations we can thin* o$ as un!e"ate#. They a"" a!e ve!y in#ivi#ua" yet seem nowhe!e !est!aine#. They satis$y $o! the %!esent yet a!ouse an in$inite e+%ectation. The economist The!esa the benevo"ent Nata"ia the $ai! 1aint have chosen a %ath but thei! thou&hts a!e not na!!owe# to it. The $unctions o$ "i$e to them a!e not en#s but su&&estions. Thus to them a"" thin&s a!e im%o!tant because none is necessa!y. Thei! #i$$e!ent cha!acte!s have $ai! %"ay an# each is beauti$u" in its minute in#ications $o! nothin& is en$o!ce# o! conventiona", but eve!ythin& howeve! s"i&ht &!ows $!om the essentia" "i$e o$ the bein&. Mi&non an# The!esa wea! ma"e atti!e when they "i*e an# it is &!ace$u" $o! them to #o so whi"e Maca!ia is con$ine# to he! a!m-chai! behin# the &!een cu!tain an# the 'ai! 1aint cou"# not bea! a s%ec* o$ #ust on he! !obe. A"" thin&s a!e in thei! %"aces in this "itt"e wo!"# because a"" is natu!a" an# $!ee .ust as 5the!e is !oom $o! eve!ythin& out o$ #oo!s.5 Yet a"" is !oun#e# in by natu!a" ha!mony which wi"" a"ways a!ise whe!e T!uth an# 4ove a!e sou&ht in the "i&ht o$ '!ee#om. 0oethe?s boo* bo#es an e!a o$ $!ee#om "i*e its own o$ 5e+t!ao!#ina!y &ene!ous see*in& 5 an# new !eve"ations. New in#ivi#ua"ities sha"" be #eve"o%e# in the actua" wo!"# which sha"" a#vance u%on it as &ent"y as the $i&u!es come out u%on his canvas. I have in#icate# on this %oint the coinci#ence between his ho%es an# those o$ 'ou!ie! thou&h his a!e #i!ecte# by an in$inite"y hi&he! an# #ee%e! *now"e#&e o$ human natu!e. :ut $o! ou! %!esent %u!%ose it is su$$icient to show how su!e"y these #i$$e!ent %aths have con#ucte# to the same en# two ea!nest thin*e!s. In some othe! %"ace I wish to %oint out simi"a! coinci#ences between 0oethe?s mo#e" schoo" an# the %"ans o$ 'ou!ie! which may cast "i&ht u%on the %a&e o$ %!o%hecy. Many women have obse!ve# that the time #!ew ni&h $o! a bette! ca!e o$ the se+ an# have th!own out hints that may be use$u". Amon& these may be mentione#( Miss E#&ewo!th who a"thou&h !est!aine# by the habits o$ he! a&e an# count!y an# be"on&in& mo!e to the ei&hteenth than the nineteenth centu!y has #one e+ce""ent"y as $a! as she &oes. 1he ha# a ho!!o! o$ sentimenta"ism an# o$ the "ove o$ noto!iety an# saw how "i*e"y women in the ea!"y sta&es o$ cu"tu!e we!e to aim at these. The!e$o!e she bent he! e$$o!ts to !ecommen#in& #omestic

"i$e. :ut the metho#s she !ecommen#s a!e such as wi"" $it a cha!acte! $o! any %osition to which it may be ca""e#. 1he tau&ht a contem%t o$ $a"sehoo# no "ess in its most &!ace$u" than in its meanest a%%a!itions, the cu"tivation o$ a c"ea! in#e%en#ent .u#&ment an# a#he!ence to its #ictates, habits o$ va!ious an# "ibe!a" stu#y an# em%"oyment an# a ca%acity $o! $!ien#shi%. He! stan#a!# o$ cha!acte! is the same $o! both se+es (T!uth hono! en"i&htene# benevo"ence an# as%i!ation a$te! *now"e#&e. O$ %oet!y she *nows nothin& an# he! !e"i&ion consists in hono! an# "oya"ty to ob"i&ations once assume#(in sho!t in 5the &!eat i#ea o$ #uty which ho"#s us u%!i&ht.5 He! who"e ten#ency is %!actica". M!s. <ameson is a sentimenta"ist an# the!e$o!e suits us i"" in some !es%ects but she is $u"" o$ ta"ent has a .ust an# !e$ine# %e!ce%tion o$ the beauti$u" an# a &enuine cou!a&e when she $in#s it necessa!y. 1he #oes not a%%ea! to have thou&ht out tho!ou&h"y the sub.ect on which we a!e en&a&e# an# he! o%inions e+%!esse# as o%inions a!e sometimes inconsistent with one anothe!. :ut $!om the !e$ine# %e!ce%tion o$ cha!acte! a#mi!ab"e su&&estions a!e &iven in he! 5Women o$ 1ha*s%ea!e 5 an# 54oves o$ the 2oets.5 :ut that $o! which I most !es%ect he! is the #ecision with which she s%ea*s on a sub.ect which !e$ine# women a!e usua""y a$!ai# to a%%!oach $o! $ea! o$ the insu"t an# scu!!i"e .est they may encounte!, but on which she neithe! can no! wi"" !est!ain the in#i&nation o$ a $u"" hea!t. I !e$e! to the #e&!a#ation o$ a "a!&e %o!tion o$ women into the so"# an# %o""ute# s"aves o$ men an# the #a!in& with which the "e&is"ato! an# man o$ the wo!"# "i$ts his hea# beneath the heavens an# says 5This must be, it cannot be he"%e#, it is a necessa!y accom%animent o$ civili"ation.5 1o s%ea*s the citi"en. Man bo!n o$ Woman the $athe! o$ #au&hte!s #ec"a!es that he wi"" an# must buy the com$o!ts an# comme!cia" a#vanta&es o$ his 4on#on Cienna 2a!is New Yo!* by connivin& at the mo!a" #eath the #amnation so $a! as the action o$ society can insu!e it o$ thousan#s o$ women $o! each s%"en#i# met!o%o"is. O men) I s%ea* not to you. It is t!ue that you! wic*e#ness 6$o! you must not #eny that at "east nine thousan# out o$ the ten $a"" th!ou&h the vanity you have systematica""y $"atte!e# o! the %!omises you have t!eache!ous"y b!o*en7, yes it is t!ue that you! wic*e#ness is its own %unishment. You! $o!ms #e&!a#e# an# you! eyes c"ou#e# by sec!et sin, natu!a" ha!mony b!o*en an# $ineness o$ %e!ce%tion #est!oye# in you! menta" an# bo#i"y o!&ani/ation, 0o# an# "ove shut out $!om you! hea!ts by the $ou" visitants you have %e!mitte# the!e, inca%ab"e o$ %u!e ma!!ia&e, inca%ab"e o$ %u!e %a!enta&e, inca%ab"e o$ wo!shi%, O w!etche# men you! sin is its own %unishment) You have "ost the wo!"# in "osin& you!se"ves. Who !uins anothe! has a#mitte# the wo!m to the !oot o$ his own t!ee an# the $u""e! ye $i"" the cu% o$ evi" the #ee%e! must be you! own bitte! #!au&ht. :ut I s%ea* not to you(you nee# to teach an# wa!n one anothe!. An# mo!e than one voice !ises in ea!nestness. An# a"" that women say to the hea!t that has once chosen the evi" %ath is consi#e!e# %!u#e!y o! i&no!ance o! %e!ha%s a $eeb"eness o$ natu!e which e+em%ts $!om simi"a! tem%tations. :ut to you women Ame!ican women a $ew wo!#s may not be a##!esse# in vain. One he!e an# the!e may "isten. You *now how it was in the O!ienta" c"ime One man i$ wea"th %e!mitte# ha# seve!a" wives an# many han#mai#ens. The chastity an# equa"ity o$ &enuine ma!!ia&e with 5the thousan# #ecencies that $"ow5 $!om its communion the %!ecious vi!tues that &!a#ua""y may be matu!e# within its enc"osu!e we!e un*nown. :ut this man #i# not w!on& acco!#in& to his "i&ht. What he #i# he mi&ht %ub"ish to 0o# an# Man, it was not a wic*e# sec!et that hi# in vi"e "u!*in&-%"aces an# #ens "i*e the banquets o$ beasts o$ %!ey. Those women we!e not "ost not %o""ute# in thei! own eyes no! those o$ othe!s. I$ they we!e not in a state o$ *now"e#&e an# vi!tue they we!e at "east in one o$ com%a!ative innocence. You *now how it was with the natives o$ this continent. A chie$ ha# many wives whom he maintaine# an# who #i# his househo"# wo!*, those women we!e but se!vants sti"" they en.oye# the !es%ect o$ othe!s an# thei! own. They "ive# to&ethe! in %eace. They *new that a sin a&ainst what

was in thei! nation esteeme# vi!tue wou"# be as st!ict"y %unishe# in Man as in Woman. Now %ass to the count!ies whe!e ma!!ia&e is between one an# one. I wi"" not s%ea* o$ the 2a&an nations but come to those which own the Ch!istian !u"e. We a"" *now what that en.oins, the!e is a stan#a!# to a%%ea" to. 1ee now not the mass o$ the %eo%"e $o! we a"" *now that it is a %!ove!b an# a bitte! .est to s%ea* o$ the 5#own-t!o##en mi""ion.5 We *now that #own to ou! own time a %!inci%"e neve! ha# so $ai! a chance to %e!va#e the mass o$ the %eo%"e but that we must so"icit its i""ust!ation $!om se"ect e+am%"es. Ta*e the 2a"a#in ta*e the 2oet. ;i# they be"ieve %u!ity mo!e im%ossib"e to Man than to Woman3 ;i# they wish Woman to be"ieve that Man was "ess amenab"e to hi&he! motives (that %u!e as%i!ations wou"# not &ua!# him a&ainst ba# %assions (that hono!ab"e em%"oyments an# tem%e!ate habits wou"# not *ee% him $!ee $!om s"ave!y to the bo#y3 O no) 4ove was to them a %a!t o$ heaven an# they cou"# not even wish to !eceive its ha%%iness un"ess assu!e# o$ bein& wo!thy o$ it. Its hi&hest ha%%iness to them was that it ma#e them wish to be wo!thy. They cou!te# %!obation. They wishe# not the tit"e o$ *ni&ht ti"" the banne! ha# been u%he"# in the heats o$ batt"e ami# the !out o$ cowa!#s. I as* o$ you youn& &i!"s(I #o not mean you whose hea!t is that o$ an o"# co+comb thou&h you! "oo*s have not yet "ost thei! sunny tin&e. Not o$ you whose who"e cha!acte! is tainte# with vanity inhe!ite# o! tau&ht who have ea!"y "ea!ne# the "ove o$ coquettish e+citement an# whose eyes !ove !est"ess"y in sea!ch o$ a 5conquest5 o! a 5beau,5 you who a!e ashame# not to be seen by othe!s the ma!* o$ the most contem%tuous $"atte!y o! in.u!ious #esi!e. To such I #o not s%ea*. :ut to thee mai#en who i$ not so $ai! a!t yet o$ that un%o""ute# natu!e which Mi"ton saw when he #!eame# o$ Comus an# the 2a!a#ise. Thou chi"# o$ an un%!o$ane# we#"oc* b!ou&ht u% ami# the teachin&s o$ the woo#s an# $ie"#s *e%t $ancy-$!ee by use$u" em%"oyment an# a $!ee $"i&ht into the heaven o$ thou&ht "ovin& to %"ease on"y those whom thou wou"#st not be ashame# to "ove, I as* o$ thee whose chee* has not $o!&otten its b"ush no! thy hea!t its "a!*-"i*e ho%es i$ he whom thou mayest ho%e the 'athe! wi"" sen# thee as the com%anion o$ "i$e?s toi"s an# .oys is not to thy thou&ht %u!e3 Is not man"iness to thy thou&ht %u!ity not "aw"essness3 Can his "i%s s%ea* $a"se"y3 Can he #o in sec!et what he cou"# not avow to the mothe! that bo!e him3 O say #ost thou not "oo* $o! a hea!t $!ee o%en as thine own a"" whose thou&hts may be avowe# inca%ab"e o$ w!on&in& the innocent o! sti"" $u!the! #e&!a#in& the $a""en(a man in sho!t in whom b!ute natu!e is enti!e"y sub.ect to the im%u"ses o$ his bette! se"$3 Yes) it was thus that thou #i#st ho%e, $o! I have many many times seen the ima&e o$ a $utu!e "i$e o$ a #estine# s%ouse %ainte# on the tab"ets o$ a vi!&in hea!t. It mi&ht be that she was not t!ue to these ho%es. 1he was ta*en into what is ca""e# 5the wo!"# 5 $!oth an# scum as it most"y is on the socia" ca"#!on. The!e she saw $ai! Woman ca!!ie# in the wa"t/ c"ose to the hea!t o$ a bein& who a%%ea!e# to he! a 1aty!. :ein& wa!ne# by a ma"e $!ien# that he was in $act o$ that c"ass an# not $it $o! such $ami"ia! nea!ness to a chaste bein& the a#vise# !e%"ie# that 5women shou"# *now nothin& about such thin&s.5 1he saw one $ai!e! &iven in we#"oc* to a man o$ the same c"ass. 52a%a an# mamma sai# that ?a"" men we!e $au"ty at some time in thei! "ives, they ha# a &!eat many tem%tations.? '!e#e!ic* wou"# be so ha%%y at home, he wou"# not want to #o w!on&.5 1he tu!ne# to the ma!!ie# women, they O ten$o"# ho!!o!) "au&he# at he! su%%osin& 5men we!e "i*e women.5 1ometimes I say she was not t!ue an# eithe! sa#"y accommo#ate# he!se"$ to 5Woman?s "ot 5 o! acqui!e# a taste $o! saty!-society "i*e some o$ the Nym%hs an# a"" the :acchana"s o$ o"#. :ut to those who cou"# not an# wou"# not acce%t a mess o$ %otta&e o! a Ci!ce cu% in "ieu o$ thei! bi!th!i&ht an# to these othe!s who have yet thei! choice to ma*e I say Cou!a&e) I have some wo!#s o$ chee! $o! you. A man himse"$ o$ unb!o*en %u!ity !e%o!te# to me the wo!#s o$ a $o!ei&n a!tist that 5the wo!"# wou"# neve! be bette! ti"" men sub.ecte# themse"ves to the same "aws they ha# im%ose# on women,5 that a!tist he a##e# was t!ue to the thou&ht. The same was t!ue o$ Canova the same o$ :eethoven. 54i*e each othe! #emi-&o# they *e%t themse"ves $!ee $!om stain,5 an#

Michae" An&e"o "oo*in& ove! he!e $!om the "one"iness o$ his centu!y mi&ht meet some eyes that nee# not shun his &"ance. In %!ivate "i$e I am assu!e# by men who a!e not so sustaine# an# occu%ie# by the wo!shi% o$ %u!e beauty that a simi"a! consec!ation is %ossib"e is %!actise#, that many men $ee" that no tem%tation can be too st!on& $o! the wi"" o$ man i$ he invo*es the ai# o$ the 1%i!it instea# o$ see*in& e+tenuation $!om the b!ute a""iances o$ his natu!e. In sho!t what the chi"# $ancies is !ea""y t!ue thou&h a"most the who"e wo!"# #ec"a!es it a "ie. Man is a chi"# o$ 0o#, an# i$ he see*s His &ui#ance to *ee% the hea!t with #i"i&ence it wi"" be so &iven that a"" the issues o$ "i$e may be %u!e. 4i$e wi"" then be a tem%"e.
The tem&le roun% &rea% green the &leasant groun%) The fair #olonna%e 8e of &ure mar(le &illars ma%e) trong to sustain the roof, Time an% tem&est &roof) :et, ami%st whi#h, the lightest (ree/e 1an &lay as it &lease) The au%ien#e hall 8e free to all Who re'ere The &ower worshi&&e% here, ole gui%e of youth, 9nswer'ing Truth. -n the inmost shrine tan%s the image %i'ine, Only seen 8y those whose %ee%s ha'e worthy (een5 *riestli+e #lean. Those, who initiate% are, $e#lare, As the hours 9sher in 'arying ho&es an% &owers) -t #hanges its fa#e, -t #hanges its age, Now a young, (eaming gra#e, Now Nestorian sage) 8ut, to the &ure in heart, This sha&e of &rimal art -n age is fair, -n youth seems wise, 8eyon% #om&are, A(o'e sur&rise) What it tea#hes nati'e seems, -ts new lore our an#ient %reams) -n#ense rises from the groun%) Musi# flows aroun%) Firm rest the feet (elow, #lear ga/e the eyes a(o'e, When Truth, to &oint the way through life, assumes the wan% of 7o'e) 8ut, if she #ast asi%e the ro(e of green, Winter,s sil'er sheen, White, &ure as light, Ma+es gentle shrou% as worthy wee% as (ri%al ro(e ha% (een.

='ootnote8 As #esc!ibe# by the histo!ians8(

"The tem&le of ?uno is li+e what the #hara#ter of Woman shoul% (e. 1olumns6 gra#eful %e#orums, attra#ti'e yet sheltering. *or#h6 no(le, in'iting as&e#t of the life. Kaos6 re#ei'es the worshi&&ers. ee here the statue of the $i'inity. O&histo%&mos6 an#tuary where the most &re#ious &ossessions were +e&t safe from the han% of the s&oiler an% the eye of the worl%."3

We a!e now in a t!ansition state an# but $ew ste%s have yet been ta*en. '!om %o"y&amy Eu!o%e %asse# to the ma!!ia&e de convenance. This was sca!ce"y an im%!ovement An attem%t was then ma#e to substitute &enuine ma!!ia&e 6the mutua" choice o$ sou"s in#ucin& a %e!manent union7 as yet ba$$"e# on eve!y si#e by the haste the i&no!ance o! the im%u!ity o$ Man. Whe!e Man assumes a hi&h %!inci%"e to which he is not yet !i%ene# it wi"" ha%%en $o! a "on& time that the $ew wi"" be nob"e! than be$o!e, the many wo!se. Thus now. In the count!y o$ 1i#ney an# Mi"ton the met!o%o"is is a #en o$ wic*e#ness an# a sty o$ sensua"ity, in the count!y o$ 4a#y Russe"" the custom o$ En&"ish %ee!esses o$ se""in& thei! #au&hte!s to the hi&hest bi##e! is ma#e the theme an# .est o$ $ashionab"e nove"s by unthin*in& chi"#!en who wou"# sta!e at the i#ea o$ sen#in& them to a Tu!*ish s"ave-#ea"e! thou&h the ci!cumstances o$ the ba!&ain a!e the!e "ess #e&!a#in& as the wi"" an# thou&hts o$ the %e!son so"# a!e not so #e&!a#e# by it an# it is not #one in #e$iance o$ an ac*now"e#&e# "aw o$ !i&ht in the "an# an# the a&e. I must he!e a## that I #o not be"ieve the!e eve! was %ut u%on !eco!# mo!e #e%!avation o$ Man an# mo!e #es%icab"e $!ivo"ity o$ thou&ht an# aim in Woman, than in the nove"s which %u!%o!t to &ive the %ictu!e o$ En&"ish $ashionab"e "i$e which a!e !ea# with such $avo! in ou! #!awin&-!ooms an# &ive the tone to the manne!s o$ some ci!c"es. Com%a!e# with the co"# ha!#-hea!te# $o""y the!e #esc!ibe# c!ime is ho%e$u", $o! it at "east shows some %owe! !emainin& in the menta" constitution. To !etu!n8(Attention has been awa*ene# amon& men to the stains o$ ce"ibacy an# the %!o$anations o$ ma!!ia&e. They be&in to w!ite about it an# "ectu!e about it. It is the ten#ency now to en#eavo! to he"% the e!!in& by showin& them the %hysica" "aw. This is wise an# e+ce""ent, but $o!&et not the bette! ha"$. Co"# bathin& an# e+e!cise wi"" not su$$ice to *ee% a "i$e %u!e without an inwa!# ba%tism an# nob"e e+hi"a!atin& em%"oyment $o! the thou&hts an# the %assions. Ea!"y ma!!ia&es a!e #esi!ab"e but i$ 6an# the wo!"# is now so out o$ .oint that the!e a!e a hun#!e# thousan# chances to one a&ainst it7 a man #oes not ea!"y o! at a"" $in# the %e!son to whom he can be unite# in the ma!!ia&e o$ sou"s wi"" you &ive him in the ma!!ia&e de convenance3 o! i$ not ma!!ie# can you $in# no way $o! him to "ea# a vi!tuous an# ha%%y "i$e3 Thin* o$ it we"" ye who thin* you!se"ves bette! than %a&ans $o! many o$ them *new this su!e way. ='ootnote8 The 2e!sian sac!e# boo*s the ;esati! #esc!ibe the &!eat an# ho"y %!ince 9y 9hos!ou as bein& 5an an&e" an# the son o$ an an&e" 5 one to whom the 1u%!eme says 5Thou a!t not absent $!om be$o!e me $o! one twin*"in& o$ an eye. I am neve! out o$ thy hea!t. An# I am containe# in nothin& but in thy hea!t an# in a hea!t "i*e thy hea!t. An# I am nea!e! unto thee than thou a!t to thyse"$.5 This %!ince ha# in his 0o"#en 1e!a&"io th!ee "a#ies o$ su!%assin& beauty an# a"" $ou! in this !oya" monaste!y %asse# thei! "ives an# "e$t the wo!"# as vi!&ins. The 2e!sian %eo%"e ha# no sce%ticism when the histo!y o$ such a min# was na!!ate#.> To you women o$ Ame!ica it is mo!e es%ecia""y my business to a##!ess myse"$ on this sub.ect an# my a#vice may be c"asse# un#e! th!ee hea#s8 C"ea! you! sou"s $!om the taint o$ vanity. ;o not !e.oice in conquests eithe! that you! %owe! to a""u!e may be seen by othe! women o! $o! the %"easu!e o$ !ousin& %assionate $ee"in&s that &!ati$y you! "ove o$ e+citement. It must ha%%en no #oubt that $!an* an# &ene!ous women wi"" e+cite "ove they #o not !eci%!ocate but in nine cases out o$ ten the woman has ha"$ conscious"y #one much to e+cite. In this case she sha"" not be he"# &ui"t"ess eithe! as to the unha%%iness o! in.u!y o$ the "ove!. 2u!e "ove ins%i!e# by a wo!thy ob.ect must ennob"e an# b"ess whethe! mutua" o! not, but that which is e+cite# by coquettish att!action o$ any &!a#e o$ !e$inement must cause bitte!ness an# #oubt as to the !ea"ity o$ human &oo#ness so soon as the $"ush o$ %assion is ove!. An# that you may avoi# a"" taste $o! these $a"se %"easu!es
" tee& the soul -n one &ure lo'e, an% it will lost thee long."

The "ove o$ t!uth the "ove o$ e+ce""ence whethe! you c"othe them in the %e!son o$ a s%ecia" ob.ect o! not wi"" have %owe! to save you $!om $o""owin& ;uessa an# "ea# you in the &!een &"a#es whe!e Una?s $eet have t!o#. It was on this one sub.ect that a vene!ab"e cham%ion o$ &oo# the "ast !e%!esentative o$ the s%i!it which sancti$ie# the Revo"ution an# &ave ou! count!y such a sun"i&ht o$ ho%e in the eyes o$ the nations the same who "ate"y in :oston o$$e!e# anew to the youn& men the %"e#&e ta*en by the youn& men o$ his #ay o$$e!e# a"so his counse" on bein& a##!esse# by the %!inci%a" o$ a &i!"?s schoo" thus8(

REPLY OF MR. ADAMS.

M!. A#ams was so #ee%"y a$$ecte# by the a##!ess o$ Miss 'oste! as to be $o! some time inau#ib"e. When hea!# he s%o*e as $o""ows8 5This is the $i!st instance in which a "a#y has thus a##!esse# me %e!sona""y, an# I t!ust that a"" the "a#ies %!esent wi"" be ab"e su$$icient"y to ente! into my $ee"in&s to *now that I am mo!e a$$ecte# by this hono! than by any othe! I cou"# ha!e !eceive# 5You have been %"ease# ma#am to a""u#e to the cha!acte! o$ my $athe! an# the histo!y o$ my $ami"y an# thei! se!vices to the count!y. It is in#ee# t!ue that $!om the e+istence o$ the !e%ub"ic as an in#e%en#ent nation my $athe! an# myse"$ have been in the %ub"ic se!vice o$ the count!y a"most without inte!!u%tion. I came into the wo!"# as a %e!son havin& %e!sona" !es%onsibi"ities with the ;ec"a!ation o$ In#e%en#ence which constitute# us a nation. I was a chi"# at that time an# ha# then %e!ha%s the &!eatest o$ b"essin&s that can be bestowe# on man(a mothe! who was an+ious an# ca%ab"e to $o!m he! chi"#!en to be what they ou&ht to be. '!om that mothe! I #e!ive# whateve! inst!uction(!e"i&ious es%ecia""y an# mo!a"(has %e!va#e# a "on& "i$e, I wi"" not say %e!$ect"y an# as it ou&ht to be, but I wi"" say because it is .ustice on"y to the memo!y o$ he! whom I !eve!e that i$ in the cou!se o$ my "i$e the!e has been any im%e!$ection o! #eviation $!om what she tau&ht me the $au"t is mine an# not he!s. 5With such a mothe! an# such othe! !e"ations with the se+ o$ siste! wi$e an# #au&hte! it has been the %e!%etua" inst!uction o$ my "i$e to "ove an# !eve!e the $ema"e se+. An# in o!#e! to ca!!y that sentiment o$ "ove an# !eve!ence to its hi&hest #e&!ee o$ %e!$ection I *now o$ nothin& that e+ists in human society bette! a#a%te# to %!o#uce that !esu"t than institutions o$ the cha!acte! that I have now the hono! to a##!ess. 5I have been tau&ht as I have sai# th!ou&h the cou!se o$ my "i$e to "ove an# to !eve!e the $ema"e se+, but I have been tau&ht a"so(an# that "esson has %e!ha%s im%!esse# itse"$ on my min# even mo!e st!on&"y it may be than the othe!(I have been tau&ht not to $"atte! them. It is not unusua" in the inte!cou!se o$ Man with the othe! se+(an# es%ecia""y $o! youn& men(to thin* that the way to win the hea!ts o$ "a#ies is by $"atte!y. To "ove an# to !eve!e the se+ is what I thin* the #uty o$ Man, but not to flatter them# an# this I wou"# say to the youn& "a#ies he!e(an# i$ they an# othe!s %!esent wi"" a""ow me with a"" the autho!ity which nea!"y $ou! sco!e yea!s may have with those who have not yet attaine# one sco!e(I wou"# say to them what I have no #oubt they say to themse"ves an# a!e tau&ht he!e not to ta*e the $"atte!y o$ men as %!oo$ o$ %e!$ection. 5I am now howeve! I $ea! assumin& too much o$ a cha!acte! that #oes not e+act"y be"on& to me. I the!e$o!e conc"u#e by assu!in& you ma#am that you! !ece%tion o$ me has a$$ecte# me as you %e!ceive mo!e than I can e+%!ess in wo!#s, an# that I sha"" o$$e! my best %!aye!s ti"" my "atest hou! to the C!eato! o$ us a"" that this institution es%ecia""y an# a"" othe!s o$ a simi"a! *in# #esi&ne# to $o!m the $ema"e min# to wis#om an# vi!tue may %!os%e! to the en# o$ time.5 It wi"" be inte!estin& to a## he!e the cha!acte! o$ M!. A#ams? mothe! as #!awn by he! husban# the $i!st <ohn A#ams in a $ami"y "ette! ='ootnote8 <ou!na" an# Co!!es%on#ence o$ Miss A#ams vo". i.

%. GHI.> w!itten .ust be$o!e his #eath. 5I have !ese!ve# $o! the "ast the "i$e o$ 4a#y Russe"". This I have not yet !ea# because I !ea# it mo!e than $o!ty yea!s a&o. On this han&s a ta"e which you ou&ht to *now an# communicate it to you! chi"#!en. I bou&ht the 4i$e an# 4ette!s o$ 4a#y Russe"" in the yea! JKKL an# sent it to you! &!an#mothe! with an e+%!ess intent an# #esi!e that she shou"# consi#e! it a mi!!o! in which to contem%"ate he!se"$, $o! at that time I thou&ht it e+t!eme"y %!obab"e $!om the #a!in& an# #an&e!ous ca!ee! I was #ete!mine# to !un that she wou"# one #ay $in# he!se"$ in the situation o$ 4a#y Russe"" he! husban# without a hea#. This "a#y was mo!e beauti$u" than 4a#y Russe"" ha# a b!i&hte! &enius mo!e in$o!mation a mo!e !e$ine# taste an# at "east he! equa" in the vi!tues o$ the hea!t, equa" $o!titu#e an# $i!mness o$ cha!acte! equa" !esi&nation to the wi"" o$ Heaven equa" in a"" the vi!tues an# &!aces o$ the Ch!istian "i$e. 4i*e 4a#y Russe"" she neve! by wo!# o! "oo* #iscou!a&e# me $!om !unnin& a"" ha/a!#s $o! the sa"vation o$ my count!y?s "ibe!ties, she was wi""in& to sha!e with me an# that he! chi"#!en shou"# sha!e with us both in a"" the #an&e!ous consequences we ha# to ha/a!#.5 Wi"" a woman who "oves $"atte!y o! an aim"ess e+citement who wastes the $"owe! o$ he! min# on t!ansito!y sentiments eve! be "ove# with a "ove "i*e that when $i$ty yea!s? t!ia" have entit"e# to the %!ivi"e&es o$ 5the &o"#en ma!!ia&e35 1uch was the "ove o$ the i!on-han#e# wa!!io! $o! he! not his han#-mai# but his he"%-meet8 5Whom 0o# "oves to him &ives he such a wi$e.5 I $in# the who"e o$ what I want in this !e"ation in the two e%ithets by which Mi"ton ma*es A#am a##!ess his wi$e. In the inte!cou!se o$ eve!y #ay he be&ins8
"$aughter of @o% an% man, accomplished E'e." 2Footnote0 ee A&&en%i> ".3

In a moment o$ st!on&e! $ee"in&

"$aughter of @o% an% man, -MMO4TA7 E'e."

What ma.esty in the ca#ence o$ the "ine, what #i&nity what !eve!ence in the attitu#e both o$ &ive! an# !eceive!) The woman who %e!mits in he! "i$e the a""oy o$ vanity, the woman who "ives u%on $"atte!y coa!se o! $ine sha"" neve! be thus a##!esse# 1he is not immo!ta" so $a! as he! wi"" is conce!ne# an# eve!y woman who #oes so c!eates miasma whose s%!ea# is in#e$inite. The han# which casts into the wate!s o$ "i$e a stone o$ o$$ence *nows not how $a! the ci!c"es thus cause# may s%!ea# thei! a&itations. A "itt"e whi"e since I was at one o$ the most $ashionab"e %"aces o$ %ub"ic !eso!t. I saw the!e many women #!esse# without !e&a!# to the season o! the #eman#s o$ the %"ace in a%e!y o! as it "oo*e# in moc*e!y o$ Eu!o%ean $ashions. I saw thei! eyes !est"ess"y cou!tin& attention. I saw the way in which it was %ai#, the sty"e o$ #evotion a"most an o%en snee! which it %"ease# those "a#ies to !eceive $!om men whose e+%!ession ma!*e# thei! own "ow %osition in the mo!a" an# inte""ectua" wo!"#. Those women went to thei! %i""ows with thei! hea#s $u"" o$ $o""y thei! hea!ts o$ .ea"ousy o! &!ati$ie# vanity, those men with the "ow o%inion they a"!ea#y ente!taine# o$ Woman con$i!me#. These we!e Ame!ican ladies# that is they we!e o$ that c"ass who have wea"th an# "eisu!e to ma*e $u"" use o$ the #ay an# con$e! bene$its on othe!s. They we!e o$ that c"ass whom the %ossession o$ e+te!na" a#vanta&es ma*es o$ %e!nicious e+am%"e to many i$ these a#vanta&es be misuse#. 1oon a$te! I met a ci!c"e o$ women stam%e# by society as amon& the most #e&!a#e# o$ thei! se+. 5How 5 it was as*e# o$ them 5#i# you come he!e35 $o! by the society that I saw in the $o!me! %"ace they we!e shut u% in a %!ison. The causes we!e not #i$$icu"t to t!ace8 "ove o$ #!ess "ove o$ $"atte!y

"ove o$ e+citement. They ha# not #!esses "i*e the othe! "a#ies so they sto"e them, they cou"# not %ay $o! $"atte!y by #istinctions an# the #owe! o$ a wo!"#"y ma!!ia&e so they %ai# by the %!o$anation o$ thei! %e!sons. In e+citement mo!e an# mo!e ma#"y sou&ht $!om #ay to #ay they #!owne# the voice o$ conscience. Now I as* you my siste!s i$ the women at the $ashionab"e house be not answe!ab"e $o! those women bein& in the %!ison3 As to %osition in the wo!"# o$ sou"s we may su%%ose the women o$ the %!ison stoo# $ai!est both because they ha# misuse# "ess "i&ht an# because "one"iness an# so!!ow ha# b!ou&ht some o$ them to $ee" the nee# o$ bette! "i$e nea!e! t!uth an# &oo#. This was no me!it in them bein& an e$$ect o$ ci!cumstance but it was ho%e$u". :ut you my $!ien#s 6an# some o$ you I have a"!ea#y met7 consec!ate you!se"ves without waitin& $o! !e%!oo$ in $!ee "ove an# unb!o*en ene!&y to win an# to #i$$use a bette! "i$e. O$$e! beauty ta"ents !iches on the a"ta!, thus sha"" you *ee% s%ot"ess you! own hea!ts an# be visib"y o! invisib"y the an&e"s to othe!s. I wou"# u!&e u%on those women who have not yet consi#e!e# this sub.ect to #o so. ;o not $o!&et the un$o!tunates who #a!e not c!oss you! &ua!#e# way. I$ it #o not suit you to act with those who have o!&ani/e# measu!es o$ !e$o!m then ho"# not you!se"$ e+cuse# $!om actin& in %!ivate. 1ee* out these #e&!a#e# women &ive them ten#e! sym%athy counse" em%"oyment. Ta*e the %"ace o$ mothe!s such as mi&ht have save# them o!i&ina""y. I$ you can #o "itt"e $o! those a"!ea#y un#e! the ban o$ the wo!"# (an# the best-consi#e!e# e$$o!ts have o$ten $ai"e# $!om a want o$ st!en&th in those unha%%y ones to bea! u% a&ainst the stin& o$ shame an# the %!e.u#ices o$ the wo!"# which ma*es them see* ob"ivion a&ain in thei! o"# e+citements (you wi"" at "east "eave a sense o$ "ove an# .ustice in thei! hea!ts that wi"" %!event thei! becomin& utte!"y embitte!e# an# co!!u%t. An# you may "ea!n the means o$ %!evention $o! those yet unin.u!e#. These wi"" be $oun# in a #i$$usion o$ menta" cu"tu!e sim%"e tastes best tau&ht by you! e+am%"e a &enuine se"$-!es%ect an# above a"" what the in$"uence o$ Man ten#s to hi#e $!om Woman the "ove an# $ea! o$ a #ivine in %!e$e!ence to a human t!ibuna". :ut su%%ose you save many who wou"# have "ost thei! bo#i"y innocence 6$o! as to menta" the "oss o$ that is inca"cu"ab"y mo!e &ene!a"7 th!ou&h me!e vanity an# $o""y, the!e sti"" !emain many the %!ey an# s%oi" o$ the b!ute %assions o$ Man, $o! the sto!ies $!equent in ou! news%a%e!s outshame antiquity an# vie with the ho!!o!s o$ wa!. As to this it must be consi#e!e# that as the vanity an# %!oneness to se#uction o$ the im%!isone# women !e%!esente# a &ene!a" #e&!a#ation in thei! se+, so #o these acts a sti"" mo!e &ene!a" an# wo!se in the ma"e. Whe!e so many a!e wea* it is natu!a" the!e shou"# be many "ost, whe!e "e&is"ato!s a#mit that ten thousan# %!ostitutes a!e a $ai! %!o%o!tion to one city an# husban#s te"" thei! wives that it is $o""y to e+%ect chastity $!om men it is inevitab"e that the!e shou"# be many monste!s o$ vice. I must in this %"ace mention with !es%ect an# &!atitu#e the con#uct o$ M!s. Chi"# in the case o$ Ame"ia No!man. The action an# s%eech o$ this "a#y was o$ st!ai&ht$o!wa!# nob"eness un#ete!!e# by custom o! cavi" $!om #uty towa!# an in.u!e# siste!. 1he showe# the case an# the a!&uments the counse" a&ainst the %!isone! ha# the assu!ance to use in thei! t!ue "i&ht to the %ub"ic. 1he %ut the case on the on"y &!oun# o$ !e"i&ion an# equity. 1he was success$u" in a!!estin& the attention o$ many who ha# be$o!e sh!u&&e# thei! shou"#e!s an# "et sin %ass as necessa!i"y a %a!t o$ the com%any o$ men. They be&in to as* whethe! vi!tue is not %ossib"e %e!ha%s necessa!y to Man as we"" as to Woman. They be&in to $ea! that the %e!#ition o$ a woman must invo"ve that o$ a man. This is a c!isis. The !esu"ts o$ this case wi"" be im%o!tant. In this connection I must mention Eu&ene 1ue the '!ench nove"ist seve!a" o$ whose wo!*s have been "ate"y t!ans"ate# amon& us as havin& the t!ue s%i!it o$ !e$o!m as to women. 4i*e eve!y othe! '!ench w!ite! he is sti"" tainte# with the t!ansmissions o$ the o"# regime. 1ti"" $a"sehoo# may be %e!mitte# $o! the sa*e o$ a#vancin& t!uth evi" as the way to &oo#. Even 0eo!&e 1an# who wou"#

t!am%"e on eve!y &!ace$u" #eco!um an# eve!y human "aw $o! the sa*e o$ a since!e "i$e #oes not see that she vio"ates it by ma*in& he! he!oines ab"e to te"" $a"sehoo#s in a &oo# cause. These '!ench w!ite!s nee# eve! to be con$!onte# by the c"ea! %e!ce%tion o$ the En&"ish an# 0e!man min# that the on"y &oo# man consequent"y the on"y &oo# !e$o!me! is he
"Who (ases goo% on goo% alone, an% owes To 'irtue e'ery trium&h that he +nows."

1ti"" 1ue has the hea!t o$ a !e$o!me! an# es%ecia""y towa!#s women, he sees what they nee# an# what causes a!e in.u!in& them. '!om the histo!ies o$ '"eu! #e Ma!ie an# 4a 4ouve $!om the "ove"y an# in#e%en#ent cha!acte! o$ Ri&o"ette $!om the #isto!tion &iven to Mati"#a?s min# by the %!esent views o$ ma!!ia&e an# $!om the t!u"y nob"e an# immo!ta" cha!acte! o$ the 5hum%-bac*e# 1em%st!ess5 in the 5Wan#e!in& <ew 5 may be &athe!e# much that sha"" e"uci#ate #oubt an# #i!ect inqui!y on this sub.ect. In !e$o!m as in %hi"oso%hy the '!ench a!e the inte!%!ete!s to the civi"i/e# wo!"#. Thei! own attainments a!e not &!eat but they ma*e c"ea! the %ost an# b!ea* #own ba!!ie!s to the $utu!e. Obse!ve that the &oo# man o$ 1ue is as %u!e as 1i! Cha!"es 0!an#ison. A%!o%os to 1i! Cha!"es. Women a!e accustome# to be to"# by men that the !e$o!m is to come from them. 5You 5 say the men 5must $!own u%on vice, you must #ec"ine the attentions o$ the co!!u%t, you must not submit to the wi"" o$ you! husban# when it seems to you unwo!thy but &ive the "aws in ma!!ia&e an# !e#eem it $!om its %!esent sensua" an# menta" %o""utions.5 This seems to us ha!#. Men have in#ee# been $o! mo!e than a hun#!e# yea!s !atin& women $o! countenancin& vice. :ut at the same time they have ca!e$u""y hi# $!om them its natu!e so that the %!e$e!ence o$ten shown by women $o! ba# men a!ises !athe! $!om a con$use# i#ea that they a!e bo"# an# a#ventu!ous acquainte# with !e&ions which women a!e $o!bi##en to e+%"o!e an# the cu!iosity that ensues than a co!!u%t hea!t in the woman. As to ma!!ia&e it has been incu"cate# on women $o! centu!ies that men have not on"y st!on&e! %assions than they but o$ a so!t that it wou"# be shame$u" $o! them to sha!e o! even un#e!stan#, that the!e$o!e they must 5con$i#e in thei! husban#s 5 that is submit im%"icit"y to thei! wi"", that the "east a%%ea!ance o$ co"#ness o! with#!awa" $!om whateve! cause in the wi$e is wic*e# because "iab"e to tu!n he! husban#?s thou&hts to i""icit in#u"&ence, $o! a man is so constitute# that he must in#u"&e his %assions o! #ie) Acco!#in&"y a &!eat %a!t o$ women "oo* u%on men as a *in# o$ wi"# beasts but 5su%%ose they a!e a"" a"i*e,5 the unma!!ie# a!e assu!e# by the ma!!ie# that 5i$ they *new men as they #o 5 that is by bein& ma!!ie# to them 5they wou"# not e+%ect continence o! se"$-&ove!nment $!om them.5 I mi&ht accumu"ate i""ust!ations on this theme #!awn $!om acquaintance with the histo!ies o$ women which wou"# sta!t"e an# &!ieve a"" thin*in& men but I $o!bea!. 4et 1i! Cha!"es 0!an#ison %!each to his own se+, o! i$ none the!e be who $ee"s himse"$ ab"e to s%ea* with autho!ity $!om a "i$e uns%otte# in wi"" o! #ee# "et those who a!e convince# o$ the %!acticabi"ity an# nee# o$ a %u!e "i$e as the $o!ei&n a!tist was a#vise the othe!s an# wa!n them by thei! own e+am%"e i$ nee# be. The $o""owin& %assa&e $!om a $ema"e w!ite! on $ema"e a$$ai!s e+%!esses a %!eva"ent way o$ thin*in& on this sub.ect8 5It may be that a youn& woman e+em%t $!om a"" motives o$ vanity #ete!mines to ta*e $o! a husban# a man who #oes not ins%i!e he! with a ve!y #eci#e# inc"ination. Im%e!ious ci!cumstances the evi#ent inte!est o$ he! $ami"y o! the #an&e! o$ su$$e!in& ce"ibacy may e+%"ain such a !eso"ution. I$ howeve! she we!e to en#eavo! to su!mount a %e!sona" !e%u&nance we shou"# "oo* u%on this as in$udicious. 1uch a !ebe""ion o$ natu!e ma!*s the "imit that the in$"uence o$ %a!ents o! the se"$sac!i$ice o$ the youn& &i!" shou"# neve! %ass. %e shall be told that this repugnance is an affair of the imagination. It may be so, but ima&ination is a %owe! which it is teme!ity to b!ave, an# its anti%athy is mo!e #i$$icu"t to conque! than its %!e$e!ence.5 ='ootnote8 Ma#ame Nec*e! #e 1aussu!e.> Amon& ou!se"ves the e+hibition o$ such a !e%u&nance $!om a woman who ha# been &iven in

ma!!ia&e 5by a#vice o$ $!ien#s 5 was t!eate# by an eminent %hysician as su$$icient %!oo$ o$ insanity. I$ he ha# sai# su$$icient cause $o! it he wou"# have been nea!e! !i&ht. It has been su&&este# by men who we!e %aine# by seein& ba# men a#mitte# $!ee"y to the society o$ mo#est women (the!eby encou!a&e# to vice by im%unity an# co!!u%tin& the atmos%he!e o$ homes (that the!e shou"# be a senate o$ the mat!ons in each city an# town who shou"# #eci#e what can#i#ates we!e $it $o! a#mission to thei! houses an# the society o$ thei! #au&hte!s. ='ootnote8 1ee 0oethe?s Tasso. 5A syno# o$ &oo# women shou"# #eci#e 5(i$ the &o"#en a&e is to be !esto!e#.> 1uch a %"an mi&ht have e+ce""ent !esu"ts, but it a!&ues a mo!a" #i&nity an# #ecision which #oes not yet e+ist an# nee#s to be in#uce# by *now"e#&e an# !e$"ection. It has been the tone to *ee% women i&no!ant on these sub.ects o! when they we!e not to comman# that they shou"# seem so. 5It is in#e"icate 5 says the $athe! o! husban# 5to inqui!e into the %!ivate cha!acte! o$ such an one. It is su$$icient that I #o not thin* him un$it to visit you.5 An# so this man who wou"# not to"e!ate these %a&es in his house 5un$it $o! $ami"y !ea#in& 5 because they s%ea* %"ain"y int!o#uces the!e a man whose shame is w!itten on his b!ow as we"" as the o%en sec!et o$ the who"e town an# %!esent"y i$ respectable sti"" an# !ich enou&h &ives him his #au&hte! to wi$e. The mothe! a$$ects i&no!ance 5su%%osin& he is no wo!se than most men.5 The #au&hte! is i&no!ant, somethin& in the min# o$ the new s%ouse seems st!an&e to he! but she su%%oses it is 5woman?s "ot5 not to be %e!$ect"y ha%%y in he! a$$ections, she has a"ways hea!# 5men cou"# not un#e!stan# women 5 so she wee%s a"one o! ta*es to #!ess an# the #uties o$ the house. The husban# o$ cou!se ma*es no avowa" an# #!eams o$ no !e#em%tion. 5In the hea!t o$ eve!y youn& woman 5 says the $ema"e w!ite! above quote# a##!essin& he!se"$ to the husban# 5#e%en# u%on it the!e is a $un# o$ e+a"te# i#eas, she concea"s !e%!esses without succee#in& in smothe!in& them. So long as these ideas in your wife are directed to &'U( they are( no doubt( innocent but ta*e ca!e that they be not accom%anie# with too much %ain. In othe! !es%ects a"so s%a!e he! #e"icacy. 4et a"" the antece#ent %a!ts o$ you! "i$e i$ the!e a!e such which wou"# &ive he! %ain be concea"e# $!om he!, her happiness and her respect for you would suffer from this misplaced confidence) A""ow he! to !etain that $"owe! o$ %u!ity which should distinguish her( in your eyes( from every other woman.5 We shou"# thin* so t!u"y un#e! this canon. 1uch a man must esteem %u!ity an e+otic that cou"# on"y be %!ese!ve# by the &!eatest ca!e. O$ the #e&!ee o$ menta" intimacy %ossib"e in such a ma!!ia&e "et eve!y one .u#&e $o! himse"$) On this sub.ect "et eve!y woman who has once be&un to thin* e+amine he!se"$, see whethe! she #oes not su%%ose vi!tue %ossib"e an# necessa!y to Man an# whethe! she wou"# not #esi!e $o! he! son a vi!tue which aime# at a $itness $o! a #ivine "i$e an# invo"ve# i$ not asceticism that #e&!ee o$ %owe! ove! the "owe! se"$ which sha"" 5not e+te!minate the %assions but *ee% them chaine# at the $eet o$ !eason.5 The %assions "i*e $i!e a!e a ba# muste!, but con$ine them to the hea!th an# the a"ta! an# they &ive "i$e to the socia" economy an# ma*e each sac!i$ice meet $o! heaven. When many women have thou&ht u%on this sub.ect some wi"" be $it $o! the senate an# one such senate in o%e!ation wou"# a$$ect the mo!a"s o$ the civi"i/e# wo!"#. At %!esent I "oo* to the youn&. As %!e%a!ato!y to the senate I shou"# "i*e to see a society o$ novices such as the wo!"# has neve! yet seen boun# by no oath wea!in& no ba#&e In %"ace o$ an oath they shou"# have a !e"i&ious $aith in the ca%acity o$ Man $o! vi!tue, instea# o$ a ba#&e shou"# wea! in the hea!t a $i!m !eso"ve not to sto% sho!t o$ the #estiny %!omise# him as a son o$ 0o#. Thei! se!vice shou"# be action an# conse!vatism not o$ o"# habits but o$ a bette! natu!e en"i&htene# by ho%es that #ai"y &!ow b!i&hte!. I$ sin was to !emain in the wo!"# it shou"# not be by thei! connivance at its stay o! one moment?s concession to its c"aims. They shou"# succo! the o%%!esse# an# %ay to the u%!i&ht the !eve!ence #ue in he!o-wo!shi% by see*in& to emu"ate them. They wou"# not #enounce the wi""in&"y ba# but they cou"# not be with them $o! the two c"asses cou"# not b!eathe the same atmos%he!e.

They wou"# hee# no #etention $!om the time-se!vin& the wo!"#"y an# the timi#. They cou"# "ove no %"easu!es that we!e not innocent an# ca%ab"e o$ &oo# $!uit I saw in a $o!ei&n %a%e! the tit"e now &iven to a %a!ty ab!oa# 54os E+a"ta#os.5 1uch wou"# be the tit"e now &iven these chi"#!en by the wo!"#8 4os E+a"ta#os 4as E+a"ta#as, but the wo!"# wou"# not snee! a"ways $o! $!om them wou"# issue a vi!tue by which it wou"# at "ast be e+a"te# too. I have in my eye a youth an# a mai#en whom I "oo* to as the nuc"eus o$ such a c"ass. They a!e both in ea!"y youth, both as yet uncontaminate#, both as%i!in& without !ashness, both thou&ht$u", both ca%ab"e o$ #ee% a$$ection, both o$ st!on& natu!e an# sweet $ee"in&s, both ca%ab"e o$ "a!&e menta" #eve"o%ment. They !esi#e in #i$$e!ent !e&ions o$ ea!th but thei! %"ace in the sou" is the same. To them I "oo* as %e!ha%s the ha!bin&e!s an# "ea#e!s o$ a new e!a $o! neve! yet have I *nown min#s so t!u"y vi!&in without na!!owness o! i&no!ance. When men ca"" u%on women to !e#eem them they mean such mai#ens. :ut such a!e not easi"y $o!me# un#e! the %!esent in$"uences o$ society. As the!e a!e mo!e such youn& men to he"% &ive a #i$$e!ent tone the!e wi"" be mo!e such mai#ens. The En&"ish nove"ist ;?Is!ae"i has in his nove" o$ 5The Youn& ;u*e 5 ma#e a man o$ the most #e%!ave# stoc* be !e#eeme# by a woman who #es%ises him when he has on"y the b!i""iant mas* o$ $o!tune an# beauty to cove! the %ove!ty o$ his hea!t an# b!ain but *nows how to encou!a&e him when he ente!s on a bette! cou!se. :ut this woman was e#ucate# by a $athe! who va"ue# cha!acte! in women. 1ti"" the!e wi"" come now an# then one who wi"" as I ho%e o$ my youn& E+a"ta#a be e+am%"e an# inst!uction $o! the !est. It was not the o%inion o$ Woman cu!!ent amon& <ewish men that $o!me# the cha!acte! o$ the mothe! o$ <esus. 1ince the s"i#in& an# bac*s"i#in& men o$ the wo!"# no "ess than the mystics #ec"a!e that as th!ou&h Woman Man was "ost so th!ou&h Woman must Man be !e#eeme# the time must be at han#. When she *nows he!se"$ in#ee# as 5accom%"ishe# 5 sti"" mo!e as 5immo!ta" Eve 5 this may be. As an immo!ta" she may a"so *now an# ins%i!e immo!ta" "ove a ha%%iness not to be #!eame# o$ un#e! the ci!cumstances a#vise# in the "ast quotation. Whe!e "ove is base# on concea"ment it must o$ cou!se #isa%%ea! when the sou" ente!s the scene o$ c"ea! vision) An# without this ho%e how wo!th"ess eve!y %"an eve!y bon# eve!y %owe!) 5The &iants 5 sai# the 1can#inavian 1a&a 5ha# in#uce# 4o*e 6the s%i!it that hove!s between &oo# an# i""7 to stea" $o! them I#una 60o##ess o$ Immo!ta"ity7 an# he! a%%"es o$ %u!e &o"#. He "u!e# he! out by %!omisin& to show on a ma!ve""ous t!ee he ha# #iscove!e# a%%"es beauti$u" as he! own i$ she wou"# on"y ta*e them with he! $o! a com%a!ison. Thus havin& "u!e# he! beyon# the heaven"y #omain she was sei/e# an# ca!!ie# away ca%tive by the %owe!s o$ mis!u"e. 5As now the &o#s cou"# not $in# thei! $!ien# I#una they we!e con$use# with &!ie$, in#ee# they be&an visib"y to &!ow o"# an# &!ay. ;isco!#s a!ose an# "ove &!ew co"#. In#ee# O#u! s%ouse o$ the &o##ess o$ "ove an# beauty wan#e!e# away an# !etu!ne# no mo!e. At "ast howeve! the &o#s #iscove!in& the t!eache!y o$ 4o*e ob"i&e# him to win bac* I#una $!om the %!ison in which she sat mou!nin&. He chan&e# himse"$ into a $a"con an# b!ou&ht he! bac* as a swa""ow $ie!ce"y %u!sue# by the 0iant 9in& in the $o!m o$ an ea&"e. 1o she st!ives to !etu!n amon& us "i&ht an# sma"" as a swa""ow. We must we"come he! $o!m as the s%ec* on the s*y that assu!es the &"a# b"ue o$ 1umme!. Yet one swa""ow #oes not ma*e a summe!. 4et us so"icit them in $"i&hts an# $"oc*s)5 Retu!nin& $!om the $utu!e to the %!esent "et us see what $o!ms I#una ta*es as she moves a"on& the #ec"ivity o$ centu!ies to the va""ey whe!e the "i"y $"owe! may concent!ate a"" its $!a&!ance. It wou"# seem as i$ this time we!e not ve!y nea! to one $!esh $!om boo*s such as I have o$ "ate been

(no8 not !ea#in& but si&hin& ove!. A c!ow# o$ boo*s havin& been sent me since my $!ien#s *new me to be en&a&e# in this way on Woman?s 51%he!e 5 Woman?s 5Mission 5 an# Woman?s 5;estiny 5 I be"ieve that a"most a"" that is e+tant o$ $o!ma" %!ece%t has come un#e! my eye. Amon& these I !ea# with !e$!eshment a "itt"e one ca""e# 5The Who"e ;uty o$ Woman 5 5in#ite# by a nob"e "a#y at the !equest o$ a nob"e "o!# 5 an# which has this much o$ nob"eness that the view it ta*es is a !e"i&ious one. It aims to $it Woman $o! heaven, the main bent o$ most o$ the othe!s is to $it he! to %"ease o! at "east not to #istu!b a husban#. Amon& these I se"ect as a $avo!ab"e s%ecimen the boo* I have a"!ea#y quote# 5The 1tu#y ='ootnote8 This tit"e seems to be inco!!ect"y t!ans"ate# $!om the '!ench. I have not seen the o!i&ina"> o$ the 4i$e o$ Woman by Ma#ame Nec*e! #e 1aussu!e o$ 0eneva t!ans"ate# $!om the '!ench.5 This boo* was %ub"ishe# at 2hi"a#e"%hia an# has been !ea# with much $avo! he!e. Ma#ame Nec*e! is the cousin o$ Ma#ame #e 1tae" an# has ta*en $!om he! wo!*s the motto %!e$i+e# to this. 5Cette vie n?a que"que %!i+ que si e""e se!t a? "?e#ucation mo!a"e #o not!e coeu!.5 M#e. Nec*e! is by natu!e ca%ab"e o$ enti!e consistency in the a%%"ication o$ this motto an# the!e$o!e the qua"i$ications she ma*es in the inst!uctions &iven to he! own se+ show $o!cib"y the wei&ht which sti"" %a!a"y/es an# #isto!ts the ene!&ies o$ that se+. The boo* is !ich in %assa&es ma!*e# by $ee"in& an# &oo# su&&estions, but ta*en in the who"e the im%!ession it "eaves is this8 Woman is an# shall remain in$e!io! to Man an# sub.ect to his wi"" an# in en#eavo!in& to ai# he! we must an+ious"y avoi# anythin& that can be misconst!ue# into e+%!ession o$ the cont!a!y o%inion e"se the men wi"" be a"a!me# an# combine to #e$eat ou! e$$o!ts. The %!esent is a &oo# time $o! these e$$o!ts $o! men a!e "ess occu%ie# about women than $o!me!"y. 4et us then sei/e u%on the occasion an# #o what we can to ma*e ou! "ot to"e!ab"e. :ut we must se#u"ous"y avoi# enc!oachin& on the te!!ito!y o$ Man. I$ we stu#y natu!a" histo!y ou! obse!vations may be ma#e use$u" by some ma"e natu!a"ist, i$ we #!aw we"" we may ma*e ou! se!vices acce%tab"e to the a!tists. :ut ou! names must not be *nown, an# to b!in& these "abo!s to any !esu"t we must ta*e some man $o! ou! hea# an# be his han#s. The "ot o$ Woman is sa#. 1he is constitute# to e+%ect an# nee# a ha%%iness that cannot e+ist on ea!th. 1he must sti$"e such as%i!ations within he! sec!et hea!t an# $it he!se"$ as we"" as she can $o! a "i$e o$ !esi&nations an# conso"ations. 1he wi"" be ve!y "one"y whi"e "ivin& with he! husban#. 1he must not e+%ect to o%en he! hea!t to him $u""y o! that a$te! ma!!ia&e he wi"" be ca%ab"e o$ the !e$ine# se!vice o$ "ove. The man is not bo!n $o! the woman on"y the woman $o! the man. 5Men cannot un#e!stan# the hea!ts o$ women.5 The "i$e o$ Woman must be outwa!#"y a we""-intentione# chee!$u" #issimu"ation o$ he! !ea" "i$e. Natu!a""y the $ee"in&s o$ the mothe! at the bi!th o$ a $ema"e chi"# !esemb"e those o$ the 2a!a&uay woman #esc!ibe# by 1outhey as "amentin& in such hea!t-b!ea*in& tones that he! mothe! #i# not *i"" he! the hou! she was bo!n (5he! mothe! who *new what this "i$e o$ a woman must be,5(o! o$ those women seen at the no!th by 1i! A. Mac*en/ie who %e!$o!me# this %ious #uty towa!#s $ema"e in$ants wheneve! they ha# an o%%o!tunity. 5A$te! the $i!st #e"i&ht the youn& mothe! e+%e!iences $ee"in&s a "itt"e #i$$e!ent acco!#in& as the bi!th o$ a son o! a #au&hte! has been announce#. 5Is it a son3 A so!t o$ &"o!y swe""s at this thou&ht the hea!t o$ the mothe!, she seems to $ee" that she is entit"e# to &!atitu#e. 1he has &iven a citi/en a #e$en#e! to he! count!y, to he! husban# an hei! o$ his name, to he!se"$ a %!otecto!. An# yet the cont!ast o$ a"" these $ine tit"es with this bein& so humb"e soon st!i*es he!. At the as%ect o$ this $!ai" t!easu!e o%%osite $ee"in&s a&itate he! hea!t, she seems to !eco&nise in him a nature superior to her own but sub.ecte# to a "ow con#ition an# she hono!s a $utu!e &!eatness in the ob.ect o$ e+t!eme com%assion. 1omewhat o$ that !es%ect an# a#o!ation $o! a $eeb"e chi"# o$ which some $ine %ictu!es o$$e! the e+%!ession in the $eatu!es o$ the

ha%%y Ma!y seem !e%!o#uce# with the youn& mothe! who has &iven bi!th to a son. 5Is it a #au&hte!3 The!e is usua""y a s"i&ht #e&!ee o$ !e&!et, so #ee%"y !oote# is the i#ea o$ the su%e!io!ity o$ Man in ha%%iness an# #i&nity, an# yet as she "oo*s u%on this chi"# she is mo!e an# mo!e softened towa!#s it. A #ee% sym%athy(a sentiment o$ i#entity with this #e"icate bein&(ta*es %ossession o$ he!, an e+t!eme %ity $o! so much wea*ness a mo!e %!essin& nee# o$ %!aye! sti!s he! hea!t. Whateve! so!!ows she may have $e"t she #!ea#s $o! he! #au&hte!, but she wi"" &ui#e he! to become much wise! much bette! than he!se"$. An# then the &ayety the $!ivo"ity o$ the youn& woman have thei! tu!n. This "itt"e c!eatu!e is a $"owe! to cu"tivate a #o"" to #eco!ate.5 1imi"a! sa#ness at the bi!th o$ a #au&hte! I have hea!# mothe!s e+%!ess not un$!equent"y. As to this "ivin& so enti!e"y $o! men I shou"# thin* when it was %!o%ose# to women they wou"# $ee" at "east some s%a!* o$ the o"# s%i!it o$ !aces a""ie# to ou! own. 5I$ he is to be my b!i#e&!oom and lord5 c!ies :!unhi"#a ='ootnote8 1ee the Nibe"un&en 4ays.> 5he must $i!st be ab"e to %ass th!ou&h $i!e an# wate!.5 5I wi"" se!ve at the banquet 5 says the Wa"*y!ie 5but on"y him who in the t!ia" o$ #ea#"y combat has shown himse"$ a he!o.5 I$ women a!e to be bon#-mai#s "et it be to men su%e!io! to women in $o!titu#e in as%i!ation in mo!a" %owe! in !e$ine# sense o$ beauty. You who &ive you!se"ves 5to be su%%o!te# 5 o! because 5one must "ove somethin& 5 a!e they who ma*e the "ot o$ the se+ such that mothe!s a!e sa# when #au&hte!s a!e bo!n. It ma!*s the state o$ $ee"in& on this sub.ect that it was mentione# as a bitte! censu!e on a woman who ha# in$"uence ove! those youn&e! than he!se"$ (51he ma*es those &i!"s want to see he!oes35 5An# wi"" that hu!t them35 5Ce!tain"y, how can you as*3 They wi"" $in# none an# so they wi"" neve! be ma!!ie#.5 5 et ma!!ie#5 is the usua" %h!ase an# the one that co!!ect"y in#icates the thou&ht, but the s%ea*e!s on this occasion we!e %e!sons too outwa!#"y !e$ine# to use it. They we!e ashame# o$ the wo!# but not o$ the thin&. Ma#ame Nec*e! howeve! sees &oo# %ossib"e in ce"ibacy. In#ee# I *now not how the sub.ect cou"# be bette! i""ust!ate# than by se%a!atin& the wheat $!om the cha$$ in Ma#ame Nec*e!?s boo*, %"ace them in two hea%s an# then summon the !ea#e! to choose, &ivin& him $i!st a nea!-si&hte# &"ass to e+amine the two,(it mi&ht be a Ch!istian an ast!onomica" o! an a!tistic &"ass (any *in# o$ &oo# &"ass to obviate acqui!e# #e$ects in the eye. I wou"# "ay any wa&e! on the !esu"t. :ut time %e!mits not he!e a %!o"on&e# ana"ysis. I have &iven the c"ues $o! $au"t-$in#in&. As a s%ecimen o$ the &oo# ta*e the $o""owin& %assa&e on the %henomena o$ what I have s%o*en o$ as the "y!ica" o! e"ect!ic e"ement in Woman. 5Women have been seen to show themse"ves %oets in the most %athetic %antomimic scenes whe!e a"" the %assions we!e #e%icte# $u"" o$ beauty, an# these %oets use# a "an&ua&e un*nown to themse"ves an# the %e!$o!mance once ove! thei! ins%i!ation was a $o!&otten #!eam. Without #oubt the!e is an inte!io! #eve"o%ment to bein&s so &i$te#, but thei! so"e mo#e o$ communication with us is thei! ta"ent. They a!e i"" a"" besi#es the inhabitants o$ anothe! %"anet.5 1imi"a! obse!vations have been ma#e by those who have seen the women at I!ish wa*es o! the $une!a" ce!emonies o$ mo#e!n 0!eece o! :!ittany at times when e+citement &ave the im%u"se to &enius, but a%%a!ent"y without a thou&ht that these !a!e %owe!s be"on&e# to no othe! %"anet but we!e a hi&h #eve"o%ment o$ the &!owth o$ this an# mi&ht by wise an# !eve!ent t!eatment be ma#e to in$o!m an# embe""ish the scenes o$ eve!y #ay. :ut when Woman has he! $ai! chance she wi"" #o so an# the %oem o$ the hou! wi"" vie with that o$ the a&es. I come now with satis$action to my own count!y an# to a w!ite! a $ema"e w!ite! whom I have se"ecte# as the c"ea!est wisest an# *in#"iest who has as yet use# %en he!e on these sub.ects. This

is Miss 1e#&wic*. Miss 1e#&wic* thou&h she inc"ines to the %!ivate %ath an# wishes that by the cu"tivation o$ cha!acte! mi&ht shou"# vin#icate !i&ht sets "imits nowhe!e an# he! ob.ects an# in#ucements a!e %u!e. They a!e the $!ee an# ca!e$u" cu"tivation o$ the %owe!s that have been &iven with an aim at mo!a" an# inte""ectua" %e!$ection. He! s%eech is mo#e!ate an# sane but neve! %a"sie# by $ea! o! sce%tica" caution. He!se"$ a $ine e+am%"e o$ the in#e%en#ent an# bene$icent e+istence that inte""ect an# cha!acte! can &ive to Woman no "ess than Man i$ she *now how to see* an# %!i/e it (a"so that the inte""ect nee# not abso!b o! wea*en but !athe! wi"" !e$ine an# invi&o!ate the a$$ections (the teachin&s o$ he! %!actica" &oo# sense come with &!eat $o!ce an# cannot $ai" to avai" much. Eve!y way he! w!itin&s %"ease me both as to the means an# the en#s. I am %"ease# at the st!ess she "ays on obse!vance o$ the %hysica" "aws because the t!ue !eason is &iven. On"y in a st!on& an# c"ean bo#y can the sou" #o its messa&e $it"y. 1he shows the meanin& o$ the !es%ect %ai# to %e!sona" neatness both in the in#is%ensab"e $o!m o$ c"ean"iness an# o$ that "ove o$ o!#e! an# a!!an&ement that must issue $!om a t!ue ha!mony o$ $ee"in&. The %!aises o$ co"# wate! seem to me an e+ce""ent si&n in the a&e. They #enote a ten#ency to the t!ue "i$e. We a!e now to have as a !eme#y $o! i""s not o!vietan o! o%ium o! any quac* me#icine but %"enty o$ ai! an# wate! with #ue attention to wa!mth an# $!ee#om in #!ess an# sim%"icity o$ #iet. Eve!y #ay we obse!ve si&ns that the natu!a" $ee"in&s on these sub.ects a!e about to be !eMnstate# an# the bo#y to c"aim ca!e as the abo#e an# o!&an o$ the sou", not as the too" o$ se!vi"e "abo! o! the ob.ect o$ vo"u%tuous in#u"&ence. A %oo! woman who ha# %asse# th!ou&h the "owest &!a#es o$ i&nominy seeme# to thin* she ha# neve! been who""y "ost 5$o! 5 sai# she 5I wou"# a"ways have &oo# un#e!-c"othes,5 an# in#ee# who cou"# #oubt that this #enote# the !emains o$ %!ivate se"$-!es%ect in the min#3 A woman o$ e+ce""ent sense sai# 5It mi&ht seem chi"#ish but to he! one o$ the most $avo!ab"e si&ns o$ the times was that the "a#ies ha# been %e!sua#e# to &ive u% co!sets.5 Yes) "et us &ive u% a"" a!ti$icia" means o$ #isto!tion. 4et "i$e be hea"thy %u!e a"" o$ a %iece. Miss 1e#&wic* in teachin& that #omestics must have the means o$ bathin& us much as thei! mist!esses an# time too to bathe has symbo"i/e# one o$ the most im%o!tant o$ human !i&hts. Anothe! inte!estin& si&n o$ the time is the in$"uence e+e!cise# by two women Miss Ma!tineau an# Miss :a!!ett $!om thei! sic*-!ooms. The "am% o$ "i$e which i$ it ha# been $e# on"y by the a$$ections #e%en#e# on %!eca!ious human !e"ations wou"# sca!ce have been ab"e to maintain a $eeb"e &"a!e in the "one"y %!ison now shines $a! an# wi#e ove! the nations chee!in& $e""ow-su$$e!e!s an# ha""owin& the .oy o$ the hea"th$u". These %e!sons nee# not hea"th o! youth o! the cha!ms o$ %e!sona" %!esence to ma*e thei! thou&hts avai"ab"e. A $ew mo!e such an# 5o"# woman5 ='ootnote8 An a%%osite %assa&e is quote# in A%%en#i+ '.> sha"" not be the synonyme $o! imbeci"ity no! 5o"# mai#5 a te!m o$ contem%t no! Woman be s%o*en o$ as a !ee# sha*en by the win#. It is time in#ee# that men an# women both shou"# cease to &!ow o"# in any othe! way than as the t!ee #oes $u"" o$ &!ace an# hono!. The hai! o$ the a!tist tu!ns white but his eye shines c"ea!e! than eve! an# we $ee" that a&e b!in&s him matu!ity not #ecay. 1o wou"# it be with a"" we!e the s%!in&s o$ immo!ta" !e$!eshment but unsea"e# within the sou", then "i*e these women they wou"# see $!om the "one"y chambe! win#ow the &"o!ies o$ the unive!se, o! shut in #a!*ness be visite# by an&e"s. I now touch on my own %"ace an# #ay an# as I w!ite events a!e occu!!in& that th!eaten the $ai! $ab!ic a%%!oache# by so "on& an avenue. Wee* be$o!e "ast the 0enti"e was !equeste# to ai# the <ew

to !etu!n to 2a"estine, $o! the Mi""ennium the !ei&n o$ the 1on o$ Ma!y was nea!. <ust now at hi&h an# so"emn mass than*s we!e !etu!ne# to the Ci!&in $o! havin& #e"ive!e# O?Conne"" $!om un.ust im%!isonment in !equita" o$ his havin& consec!ate# to he! the "ea&ue $o!me# in beha"$ o$ 4ibe!ty on Ta!a?s Hi"". :ut "ast wee* b!ou&ht news which th!eatens that a cause i#entica" with the en$!anchisement o$ <ews I!ish women ay an# o$ Ame!icans in &ene!a" too is in #an&e! $o! the choice o$ the %eo%"e th!eatens to !ivet the chains o$ s"ave!y an# the "e%!osy o$ sin %e!manent"y on this nation th!ou&h the Anne+ation o$ Te+as) Ah) i$ this shou"# ta*e %"ace who wi"" #a!e a&ain to $ee" the th!ob o$ heaven"y ho%e as to the #estiny o$ this count!y3 The nob"e thou&ht that &ave unity to a"" ou! *now"e#&e ha!mony to a"" ou! #esi&ns (the thou&ht that the %!o&!ess o$ histo!y ha# b!ou&ht on the e!a the tissue o$ %!o%hecies %ointe# out the s%ot whe!e humanity was at "ast to have a $ai! chance to *now itse"$ an# a"" men be bo!n $!ee an# equa" $o! the ea&"e?s $"i&ht ($"utte!s as i$ about to "eave the b!east which #e%!ive# o$ it wi"" have no mo!e a nation no mo!e a home on ea!th. Women o$ my count!y)(E+a"ta#as) i$ such the!e be (women o$ En&"ish o"# En&"ish nob"eness who un#e!stan# the cou!a&e o$ :oa#icea the sac!i$ice o$ 0o#iva the %owe! o$ @ueen Emma to t!ea# the !e#-hot i!on unha!me# (women who sha!e the natu!e o$ M!s. Hutchinson 4a#y Russe"" an# the mothe!s o$ ou! own !evo"ution (have you nothin& to #o with this3 You see the men how they a!e wi""in& to se"" shame"ess"y the ha%%iness o$ count"ess &ene!ations o$ $e""ow-c!eatu!es the hono! o$ thei! count!y an# thei! immo!ta" sou"s $o! a money ma!*et an# %o"itica" %owe!. ;o you not $ee" within you that which can !e%!ove them which can chec* which can convince them3 You wou"# not s%ea* in vain, whethe! each in he! own home o! ban#e# in unison. Te"" these men that you wi"" not acce%t the &"itte!in& baub"es s%acious #we""in&s an# %"enti$u" se!vice they mean to o$$e! you th!ou&h those means. Te"" them that the hea!t o$ Woman #eman#s nob"eness an# hono! in Man an# that i$ they have not %u!ity have not me!cy they a!e no "on&e! $athe!s "ove!s husban#s sons o$ you!s. This cause is you! own $o! as I have be$o!e sai# the!e is a !eason why the $oes o$ A$!ican 1"ave!y see* mo!e $!ee#om $o! women, but %ut it not u%on that &!oun# but on the &!oun# o$ !i&ht. I$ you have a %owe! it is a mo!a" %owe!. The $i"ms o$ inte!est a!e not so c"ose a!oun# you as a!oun# the men. I$ you wi"" but thin* you cannot $ai" to wish to save the count!y $!om this #is&!ace. 4et not s"i% the occasion but #o somethin& to "i$t o$$ the cu!se incu!!e# by Eve. You have hea!# the women en&a&e# in the Abo"ition movement accuse# o$ bo"#ness because they "i$te# the voice in %ub"ic an# "i$te# the "atch o$ the st!an&e!. :ut we!e these acts whethe! %e!$o!me# .u#icious"y o! no so bo"# as to #a!e be$o!e 0o# an# Man to %a!ta*e the $!uits o$ such o$$ence as this3 You hea! much o$ the mo#esty o$ you! se+. 2!ese!ve it by $i""in& the min# with nob"e #esi!es that sha"" wa!# o$$ the co!!u%tions o$ vanity an# i#"eness. A %!o$"i&ate woman who "e$t he! accustome# haunts an# too* se!vice in a New Yo!* boa!#in&-house sai# 5she ha# neve! hea!# ta"* so vi"e at the 'ive 2oints as $!om the "a#ies at the boa!#in&-house.5 An# why3 :ecause they we!e i#"e, because havin& nothin& wo!thy to en&a&e them they #we"t with unnatu!a" cu!iosity on the i"" they #a!e# not &o to see. It wi"" not so much in.u!e you! mo#esty to have you! name by the unthin*in& cou%"e# with i#"e b"ame as to have u%on you! sou" the wei&ht o$ not t!yin& to save a who"e !ace o$ women $!om the sco!n that is %ut u%on their mo#esty. Thin* o$ this we"") I ent!eat I con.u!e you be$o!e it is too "ate. It is my be"ie$ that somethin& e$$ectua" mi&ht be #one by women i$ they wou"# on"y consi#e! the sub.ect an# ente! u%on it in the t!ue s%i!it (a s%i!it &ent"e but $i!m an# which $ea!e# the o$$ence o$ none save One who is o$ %u!e! eyes than to beho"# iniquity. An# now I have #esi&nate# in out"ine i$ not in $u"ness the st!eam which is eve! $"owin& $!om the

hei&hts o$ my thou&ht. In the ea!"ie! t!act I was to"# I #i# not ma*e my meanin& su$$icient"y c"ea!. In this I have consequent"y t!ie# to i""ust!ate it in va!ious ways an# may have been &ui"ty o$ much !e%etition. Yet as I am an+ious to "eave no !oom $o! #oubt I sha"" ventu!e to !et!ace once mo!e the sco%e o$ my #esi&n in %oints as wa# #one in o"#-$ashione# se!mons. Man is a bein& o$ two-$o"# !e"ations to natu!e beneath an# inte""i&ences above him. The ea!th is his schoo" i$ not his bi!th-%"ace, 0o# his ob.ect, "i$e an# thou&ht his means o$ inte!%!etin& natu!e an# as%i!in& to 0o#. On"y a $!action o$ this %u!%ose is accom%"ishe# in the "i$e o$ any one man. Its enti!e accom%"ishment is to be ho%e# on"y $!om the sum o$ the "ives o$ men o! Man consi#e!e# as a who"e. As this who"e has one sou" an# one bo#y any in.u!y o! obst!uction to a %a!t o! to the meanest membe! a$$ects the who"e. Man can neve! be %e!$ect"y ha%%y o! vi!tuous ti"" a"" men a!e so. To a##!ess Man wise"y you must not $o!&et that his "i$e is %a!t"y anima" sub.ect to the same "aws with Natu!e. :ut you cannot a##!ess him wise"y un"ess you consi#e! him sti"" mo!e as sou" an# a%%!eciate the con#itions an# #estiny o$ sou". The &!owth o$ Man is two-$o"# mascu"ine an# $eminine. 1o $a! as these two metho#s can be #istin&uishe# they a!e so as Ene!&y an# Ha!mony, 2owe! an# :eauty, Inte""ect an# 4ove, o! by some such !u#e c"assi$ication, $o! we have not "an&ua&e %!imitive an# %u!e enou&h to e+%!ess such i#eas with %!ecision. These two si#es a!e su%%ose# to be e+%!esse# in Man an# Woman that is as the mo!e an# the "ess $o! the $acu"ties have not been &iven %u!e to eithe! but on"y in %!e%on#e!ance. The!e a!e a"so e+ce%tions in &!eat numbe! such as men o$ $a! mo!e beauty than %owe! an# the !eve!se. :ut as a &ene!a" !u"e it seems to have been the intention to &ive a %!e%on#e!ance on the one si#e that is ca""e# mascu"ine an# on the othe! one that is ca""e# $eminine. The!e cannot be a #oubt that i$ these two #eve"o%ments we!e in %e!$ect ha!mony they wou"# co!!es%on# to an# $u"$i" one anothe! "i*e hemis%he!es o! the teno! an# bass in music. :ut the!e is no %e!$ect ha!mony in human natu!e, an# the two %a!ts answe! one anothe! on"y now an# then, o! i$ the!e be a %e!sistent consonance it can on"y be t!ace# at "on& inte!va"s instea# o$ #iscou!sin& an obvious me"o#y. What is the cause o$ this3 Man in the o!#e! o$ time was #eve"o%e# $i!st, as ene!&y comes be$o!e ha!mony, %owe! be$o!e beauty. Woman was the!e$o!e un#e! his ca!e as an e"#e!. He mi&ht have been he! &ua!#ian an# teache!. :ut as human natu!e &oes not st!ai&ht $o!wa!# but by e+cessive action an# then !eaction in an un#u"ate# cou!se he misun#e!stoo# an# abuse# his a#vanta&es an# became he! tem%o!a" maste! instea# o$ he! s%i!itua" si!e. On himse"$ came the %unishment. He e#ucate# Woman mo!e as a se!vant than a #au&hte! an# $oun# himse"$ a *in& without a queen.

The chi"#!en o$ this unequa" union showe# unequa" natu!es an# mo!e an# mo!e men seeme# sons o$ the han#mai# !athe! than %!incess. At "ast the!e we!e so many Ishmae"ites that the !est &!ew $!i&htene# an# in#i&nant. They "ai# the b"ame on Ha&a! an# #!ove he! $o!th into the wi"#e!ness. :ut the!e we!e none the $ewe! Ishmae"ites $o! that. At "ast men became a "itt"e wise! an# saw that the in$ant Moses was in eve!y case save# by the %u!e instincts o$ Woman?s b!east. 'o! as too much a#ve!sity is bette! $o! the mo!a" natu!e than too much %!os%e!ity Woman in this !es%ect #win#"e# "ess than Man thou&h in othe! !es%ects sti"" a chi"# in "ea#in&-st!in&s. 1o Man #i# he! mo!e an# mo!e .ustice an# &!ew mo!e an# mo!e *in#. :ut yet(his habits an# his wi"" co!!u%te# by the %ast(he #i# not c"ea!"y see that Woman was ha"$ himse"$, that he! inte!ests we!e i#entica" with his, an# that by the "aw o$ thei! common bein& he cou"# neve! !each his t!ue %!o%o!tions whi"e she !emaine# in any wise sho!n o$ he!s. An# so it has &one on to ou! #ay, both i#eas #eve"o%in& but mo!e s"ow"y than they wou"# un#e! a c"ea!e! !eco&nition o$ t!uth an# .ustice which wou"# have %e!mitte# the se+es thei! #ue in$"uence on one anothe! an# mutua" im%!ovement $!om mo!e #i&ni$ie# !e"ations. Whe!eve! the!e was %u!e "ove the natu!a" in$"uences we!e $o! the time !esto!e#. Whe!eve! the %oet o! a!tist &ave $!ee cou!se to his &enius he saw the t!uth an# e+%!esse# it in wo!thy $o!ms $o! these men es%ecia""y sha!e an# nee# the $eminine %!inci%"e. The #ivine bi!#s nee# to be b!oo#e# into "i$e an# son& by mothe!s. Whe!eve! !e"i&ion 6I mean the thi!st $o! t!uth an# &oo# not the "ove o$ sect an# #o&ma7 ha# its cou!se the o!i&ina" #esi&n was a%%!ehen#e# in its sim%"icity an# the #ove %!esa&e# sweet"y $!om ;o#ona?s oa*. I have aime# to show that no a&e was "e$t enti!e"y without a witness o$ the equa"ity o$ the se+es in $unction #uty an# ho%e. A"so that when the!e was unwi""in&ness o! i&no!ance which %!evente# this bein& acte# u%on women ha# not the "ess %owe! $o! thei! want o$ "i&ht an# nob"e $!ee#om. :ut it was %owe! which hu!t a"i*e them an# those a&ainst whom they ma#e use o$ the a!ms o$ the se!vi"e (cunnin& b"an#ishment an# un!easonab"e emotion. That now the time has come when a c"ea!e! vision an# bette! action a!e %ossib"e(when Man an# Woman may !e&a!# one anothe! as b!othe! an# siste! the %i""a!s o$ one %o!ch the %!iests o$ one wo!shi%. I have be"ieve# an# intimate# that this ho%e wou"# !eceive an am%"e! $!uition than eve! be$o!e in ou! own "an#. An# it wi"" #o so i$ this "an# ca!!y out the %!inci%"es $!om which s%!an& ou! nationa" "i$e. I be"ieve that at %!esent women a!e the best he"%e!s o$ one anothe!. 4et them thin*, "et them act, ti"" they *now what they nee#. We on"y as* o$ men to !emove a!bit!a!y ba!!ie!s. 1ome wou"# "i*e to #o mo!e. :ut I be"ieve it nee#s that Woman show he!se"$ in he! native #i&nity to teach them how to ai# he!, thei! min#s a!e so encumbe!e# by t!a#ition. When 4o!# E#wa!# 'it/&e!a"# t!ave""e# with the In#ians his man"y hea!t ob"i&e# him at once to ta*e the %ac*s $!om the squaws an# ca!!y them. :ut we #o not !ea# that the !e# men $o""owe# his e+am%"e thou&h they a!e !ea#y enou&h to ca!!y the %ac* o$ the white woman because she seems to them a su%e!io! bein&.

4et Woman a%%ea! in the mi"# ma.esty o$ Ce!es an# !u#est chu!"s wi"" be wi""in& to "ea!n $!om he!. You as* what use wi"" she ma*e o$ "ibe!ty when she has so "on& been sustaine# an# !est!aine#3 I answe!, in the $i!st %"ace this wi"" not be su##en"y &iven. I !ea# yeste!#ay a #ebate o$ this yea! on the sub.ect o$ en"a!&in& women?s !i&hts ove! %!o%e!ty. It was a "ea$ $!om the c"ass-boo* that is %!e%a!in& $o! the nee#e# inst!uction. The men "ea!ne# visib"y as they s%o*e. The cham%ions o$ Woman saw the $a""acy o$ a!&uments on the o%%osite si#e an# we!e sta!t"e# by thei! own convictions. With thei! wives at home an# the !ea#e!s o$ the %a%e! it was the same. An# so the st!eam $"ows on, thou&ht u!&in& action an# action "ea#in& to the evo"ution o$ sti"" bette! thou&ht. :ut we!e this $!ee#om to come su##en"y I have no $ea! o$ the consequences. In#ivi#ua"s mi&ht commit e+cesses but the!e is not on"y in the se+ a !eve!ence $o! #eco!ums an# "imits inhe!ite# an# enhance# $!om &ene!ation to &ene!ation which many yea!s o$ othe! "i$e cou"# not e$$ace but a native "ove in Woman as Woman o$ %!o%o!tion o$ 5the sim%"e a!t o$ not too much 5(a 0!ee* mo#e!ation which wou"# c!eate imme#iate"y a !est!ainin& %a!ty the natu!a" "e&is"ato!s an# inst!ucto!s o$ the !est an# wou"# &!a#ua""y estab"ish such !u"es as a!e nee#e# to &ua!# without im%e#in& "i$e. The 0!aces wou"# "ea# the cho!a" #ance an# teach the !est to !e&u"ate thei! ste%s to the measu!e o$ beauty. :ut i$ you as* me what o$$ices they may $i"" I !e%"y(any. I #o not ca!e what case you %ut, "et them be sea-ca%tains i$ you wi"". I #o not #oubt the!e a!e women we"" $itte# $o! such an o$$ice an# i$ so I shou"# be as &"a# to see them in it as to we"come the mai# o$ 1a!a&ossa o! the mai# o$ Misso"on&hi o! the 1u"iote he!oine o! Emi"y 2"ate!. I thin* women nee# es%ecia""y at this .unctu!e a much &!eate! !an&e o$ occu%ation than they have to !ouse thei! "atent %owe!s. A %a!ty o$ t!ave""e!s "ate"y visite# a "one"y hut on a mountain. The!e they $oun# an o"# woman who to"# them she an# he! husban# ha# "ive# the!e $o!ty yea!s. 5Why 5 they sai# 5#i# you choose so ba!!en a s%ot35 1he 5#i# not *now, it was the man*s notion)+ An# #u!in& $o!ty yea!s she ha# been content to act without *nowin& why u%on 5the man?s notion.5 I wou"# not have it so. In $ami"ies that I *now some "itt"e &i!"s "i*e to saw woo# othe!s to use ca!%ente!s? too"s. Whe!e these tastes a!e in#u"&e# chee!$u"ness an# &oo#-humo! a!e %!omote#. Whe!e they a!e $o!bi##en because 5such thin&s a!e not %!o%e! $o! &i!"s 5 they &!ow su""en an# mischievous. 'ou!ie! ha# obse!ve# these wants o$ women as no one can $ai" to #o who watches the #esi!es o$ "itt"e &i!"s o! *nows the ennui that haunts &!own women e+ce%t whe!e they ma*e to themse"ves a se!ene "itt"e wo!"# by a!t o$ some *in#. He the!e$o!e in %!o%osin& a &!eat va!iety o$ em%"oyments in manu$actu!es o! the ca!e o$ %"ants an# anima"s a""ows $o! one thi!# o$ women as "i*e"y to have a taste $o! mascu"ine %u!suits one thi!# o$ men $o! $eminine. Who #oes not obse!ve the imme#iate &"ow an# se!enity that is #i$$use# ove! the "i$e o$ women be$o!e !est"ess o! $!et$u" by en&a&in& in &a!#enin& bui"#in& o! the "owest #e%a!tment o$ a!t3 He!e is somethin& that is not !outine somethin& that #!aws $o!th "i$e towa!#s the in$inite. I have no #oubt howeve! that a "a!&e %!o%o!tion o$ women wou"# &ive themse"ves to the same em%"oyments as now because the!e a!e ci!cumstances that must "ea# them. Mothe!s wi"" #e"i&ht to ma*e the nest so$t an# wa!m. Natu!e wou"# ta*e ca!e o$ that, no nee# to c"i% the win&s o$ any bi!# that wants to soa! an# sin& o! $in#s in itse"$ the st!en&th o$ %inion $o! a mi&!ato!y $"i&ht unusua" to its *in#. The #i$$e!ence wou"# be that all nee# not be const!aine# to em%"oyments $o! which some a!e un$it. I have u!&e# u%on the se+ se"$-subsistence in its two $o!ms o$ se"$-!e"iance an# se"$-im%u"se because I be"ieve them to be the nee#e# means o$ the %!esent .unctu!e. I have u!&e# on Woman in#e%en#ence o$ Man not that I #o not thin* the se+es mutua""y nee#e# by

one anothe! but because in Woman this $act has "e# to an e+cessive #evotion which has coo"e# "ove #e&!a#e# ma!!ia&e an# %!evente# eithe! se+ $!om bein& what it shou"# be to itse"$ o! the othe!. I wish Woman to "ive first $o! 0o#?s sa*e. Then she wi"" not ma*e an im%e!$ect man he! &o# an# thus sin* to i#o"at!y. Then she wi"" not ta*e what is not $it $o! he! $!om a sense o$ wea*ness an# %ove!ty. Then i$ she $in#s what she nee#s in Man embo#ie# she wi"" *now how to "ove an# be wo!thy o$ bein& "ove#. :y bein& mo!e a sou" she wi"" not be "ess Woman $o! natu!e is %e!$ecte# th!ou&h s%i!it. Now the!e is no woman on"y an ove!&!own chi"#. That he! han# may be &iven with #i&nity she must be ab"e to stan# a"one. I wish to see men an# women ca%ab"e o$ such !e"ations as a!e #e%icte# by 4an#o! in his 2e!ic"es an# As%asia whe!e &!ace is the natu!a" &a!b o$ st!en&th an# the a$$ections a!e ca"m because #ee%. The so$tness is that o$ a $i!m tissue as when
"The go%s a&&ro'e The %e&th, (ut not the tumult of the soul, A fer'ent, not ungo'erna(le lo'e."

A %!o$oun# thin*e! has sai# 5No ma!!ie# woman can !e%!esent the $ema"e wo!"# $o! she be"on&s to he! husban#. The i#ea o$ Woman must be !e%!esente# by a vi!&in.5 :ut that is the ve!y $au"t o$ ma!!ia&e an# o$ the %!esent !e"ation between the se+es that the woman #oes be"on& to the man instea# o$ $o!min& a who"e with him. We!e it othe!wise the!e wou"# be no such "imitation to the thou&ht. Woman se"$-cent!e# wou"# neve! be abso!be# by any !e"ation, it wou"# be on"y an e+%e!ience to he! as to man. It is a vu"&a! e!!o! that "ove a "ove to Woman is he! who"e e+istence, she a"so is bo!n $o! T!uth an# 4ove in thei! unive!sa" ene!&y. Wou"# she but assume he! inhe!itance Ma!y wou"# not be the on"y vi!&in mothe!. Not Man/oni a"one wou"# ce"eb!ate in his wi$e the vi!&in min# with the mate!na" wis#om an# con.u&a" a$$ections. The sou" is eve! youn& eve! vi!&in. An# wi"" not she soon a%%ea!3(the woman who sha"" vin#icate thei! bi!th!i&ht $o! a"" women, who sha"" teach them what to c"aim an# how to use what they obtain3 1ha"" not he! name be $o! he! e!a Cicto!ia $o! he! count!y an# "i$e Ci!&inia3 Yet %!e#ictions a!e !ash, she he!se"$ must teach us to &ive he! the $ittin& name. An i#ea not un*nown to ancient times has o$ "ate been !evive# that in the metamo!%hoses o$ "i$e the sou" assumes the $o!m $i!st o$ Man then o$ Woman an# ta*es the chances an# !ea%s the bene$its o$ eithe! "ot. Why then say some "ay such em%hasis on the !i&hts o! nee#s o$ Woman3 What she wins not as Woman wi"" come to he! as Man. That ma*es no #i$$e!ence. It is not Woman but the "aw o$ !i&ht the "aw o$ &!owth that s%ea*s in us an# #eman#s the %e!$ection o$ each bein& in its *in#(a%%"e as a%%"e Woman as Woman. Without a#o%tin& you! theo!y I *now that I a #au&hte! "ive th!ou&h the "i$e o$ Man, but what conce!ns me now is that my "i$e be a beauti$u" %owe!$u" in a wo!# a com%"ete "i$e in its *in#. Ha# I but one mo!e moment to "ive I must wish the same. 1u%%ose at the en# o$ you! cyc"e you! &!eat wo!"#-yea! a"" wi"" be com%"ete# whethe! I e+e!t myse"$ o! not 6an# the su%%osition is false (but su%%ose it t!ue7 am I to be in#i$$e!ent about it3 Not so) I must beat my own %u"se t!ue in the hea!t o$ the wo!"#, $o! that is vi!tue e+ce""ence hea"th. Thou 4o!# o$ ;ay) #i#st "eave us to-ni&ht so ca"m"y &"o!ious not #ismaye# that co"# winte! is comin& not %ost%onin& thy bene$icence to the $!uit$u" summe!) Thou #i#st smi"e on thy #ay?s wo!* when it was #one an# a#o!n thy #own-&oin& as thy u%-!isin& $o! thou a!t "oya" an# it is thy natu!e to &ive "i$e i$ thou canst an# shine at a"" events) I stan# in the sunny noon o$ "i$e. Ob.ects no "on&e! &"itte! in the #ews o$ mo!nin& neithe! a!e yet

so$tene# by the sha#ows o$ evenin&. Eve!y s%ot is seen eve!y chasm !evea"e#. C"imbin& the #usty hi"" some $ai! e$$i&ies that once stoo# $o! symbo"s o$ human #estiny have been b!o*en, those I sti"" have with me show #e$ects in this b!oa# "i&ht. Yet enou&h is "e$t even by e+%e!ience to %oint #istinct"y to the &"o!ies o$ that #estiny, $aint but not to be mista*en st!ea*s o$ the $utu!e #ay. I can say with the ba!#
"Though many ha'e suffere% shi&wre#+, still (eat no(le hearts."

A"ways the sou" says to us a"" Che!ish you! best ho%es as a $aith an# abi#e by them in action. 1uch sha"" be the e$$ectua" $e!vent means to thei! $u"$i"ment,
For the *ower to whom we (ow "as gi'en its &le%ge that, if not now, They of &ure an% stea%fast min%, 8y faith e>alte%, truth refine%, Shall hear all musi# lou% an% #lear, Whose first notes they 'enture% here. Then fear not thou to win% the horn, Though elf an% gnome thy #ourage s#orn) As+ for the #astle,s King an% Queen) Though ra((le rout may rush (etween, 8eat thee senseless to the groun%, -n the %ar+ (eset thee roun%) *ersist to as+, an% it will #ome) ee+ not for rest in hum(ler home) o shalt thou see, what few ha'e seen, The &ala#e home of King an% Queen. BCth November, BDEE.