4

IuqIzImI dLe vvnJzImI

1. I\QIA M KSPONNT N\MR T PIOT
!o fo njohsojmo rodhImIn 3 3 3 3.
Vorojmo so numrI 3 oshfo ordorur knfor horo sI fnkfor.
uko kryor shumozImIn orfundojmo so 3 3 3 3 81. =
jo monyro mo o orshfnfshmo or fo shonunr rodhImIn 3 3 3 3
oshfo
4
3 .
Irn
4
3 3 3 3 3. =
ShonImI
4
3 Ioxohof: 3 n fuqin e 4-t
umrI 3 quhof huxu o fuqIso
4
3 .
umrI 4 quhof ekoponenti I fuqIso
4
3 .
o shrohjon
4
3 numrI 4 frogon so sn horo bnzn 3 oshfo ordorur sI
fnkfor.
Koshfu
3 3 3 3 - nrnqof formn e xg]eruur
4
3 - nrnqof formn e fuqio
8l - nrnqof formn otundurde.
uko u bnzunr no shombuIIIn o mosIorm, nrrIjmo fok rnsfI I
orgjIfhshom:
Ie t Jet . n N e Pv do numv veu! a kemI:
faktor
... .
n
n
a a a a

o kofo rnsf numrI o nrnqof bnzon kurso numrI n-fuqIno.

CALCULUS
37
Shemhulli 1. Shrohjof vIjuoso fo nrnqIfon no formo fo fuqIso:
o) 2 2 2 2 2; I)
1 1 1
;
2 2 2

c)
3
;
4
J)
faktor
3 3 ... 3;
n

e)
1 1 1
... ;
3 3 3
m faktor

f)
1 1 1
... .
4 4 4
t faktor
| | | | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .

Zg]idh]u.
o) Vorojmo so bnzn (numrI) 2 oshfo ordorur sI fnkfor oso horo. Irn
komI
5
2 2 2 2 2 2 . =
I) umrI
1
2
oshfo ordorur frI horo sI fnkfor, rn komI
3
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
| |
=
|
\ .
.
c) umrI
3
4
oshfo ordorur njo horo sI fnkfor, rnndnj
1
3 3
.
4 4
| |
=
|
\ .
J) umrI 3 oshfo ordorur n horo sI fnkfor, rnndnj
faktor
3 3 ... 3 3 .
n
n
=

e) umrI
1
3
oshfo ordorur n horo sI fnkfor, rnndnj
faktor
1
3 3 ... 3 .
3
m
m
| |
=
|
\ .

f) umrI
1
4
oshfo ordorur / horo sI fnkfor, rnndnj
faktor
1 1 1 1
... .
4 4 4 4
t
t
| | | | | | | |
=
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .

IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI

38
Shemhulli 2. Shrohjof vIjuoso fo nrnqIfon no formon o zgjorunr.
o)
6
3 ; I)
5
( 2) ; c)
1
1
;
3
| |

|
\ .
J) 4 ;
n
e) 5 ;
m
f) ( 6) .
s

Zg]idh]u.
o) Moqo bnzn oshfo 3 kurso fuqIn 6 , nfohoro numrI 3 do fo jofo 6
horo fnkfor, rnndnj
6
3 3 3 3 3 3 3. =
I) umrI 2 do fo jofo 5 horo fnkfor, rnndnj
5
( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2). =
c) umrI
4
3
| |

|
\ .
do fo jofo njo horo fnkfor, rnndnj
1
4 4
3 3
| |
=
|
\ .
.
J) umrI 4 do fo jofo n horo fnkfor, rnndnj
4 4 4 ... 4.
n
n faktor
=

e) umrI 5 do fo jofo m-horo fnkfor, rn

faktor
5 5 5 ... 5.
m
m
=

f) umrI 6 do fo jofo s -horo fnkfor, rnndnj

faktor
( 6) ( 6) ( 6) ... ( 6)
s
s
=

.
CALCULUS
39
Detyru plotoueoe
Shrohjof vIjuoso fo nrnqIfon no formo fo fuqIso:
1.
1 1 1 1
.
4 4 4 4
2.
1 1 1
1 1 1 .
3 3 3
3. 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7.
4. ( 0.4) ( 0.4) ( 0.4). 5.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
.
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
| | | | | | | || | | | | |

| | | | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .\ . \ . \ .
6.
faktor
1 1 1
... .
2 2 2
n

?.
faktor
1 1 1
... .
3 3 3
m
| | | | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .

Shrohjof vIjuoso fo nrnqIfon no formon o zgjorunr.

B.
5
( 2) . 9.
4
1
.
3
| |
|
\ .
10.
2
( 0.5) . 11.
3
1
1 .
2
| |

|
\ .
12.
1
7
.
3
| |

|
\ .
13.
3
.
2
n
| |
|
\ .
14.
1
6 .
n+
15. ( 3) .
n s +

o shombujf o monrshom nmo so:

1
3 3
.
4 4
| |
=
|
\ .
Io nshfu
1
4 4
.
3 3
| |
=
|
\ .
Iorfundojmo so:
Pv do numv veu! u v!en:
1
. a a =
Shemhulli 3. johsonI:
o)
7
1 ; I)
6
( 1) ; c)
7
( 1) .
Zg]idh]u.
KomI:
o)
7
7
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.
faktor
= =

IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI

40
I)
6
1 1 1
( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1. = =

c)
7 6
6 faktor
( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 ( 1) 1.

= = = =

Iorfundojmo so
1 1,
n
= pv Iuvdo numvI nutyvov n.
( 1) 1,
n
= nse n sLt numv nutyvov IIt.
( 1) 1,
n
= nse n sLt numv nutyvov tek.
Shemhulli 4. !o fo njohsojmo:
o)
4
( 3) , I)
3
( 3) .
Zg]idh]u.
o) umrIn
4
( 3) o nrnqosIm no formon o zgjorunr.
Morrof:
4
( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) =
( 1) 3 ( 1) 3 ( 1) 3 ( 1) 3 =
4 4
( 1) ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 3 3 3 3 ( 1) 3 = =
Ink mo sIor nmo so
4
( 1) 1. = Irnndnj
4 4
( 3) 3 . =
I) gjnshom vorojmo mo numrIn
3
( 3) .
Morrof:
3
( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 1) 3 ( 1) 3 ( 1) 3 = =
3 3
( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 3 3 3 ( 1) 3 = =
Moqo
3
( 1) 1 = orfundojmo so:
3 3 3
( 3) 1 3 3 . = =
JnIm kofo orgjIfhosIm:
Nse n sLt numv nutyvov IIt, ( ) .
n n
a a =
Nse n sLt numv nutyvov tek, ( ) .
n n
a a =
CALCULUS
41
Shemhulli 5. johsonI:
o)
15
1 ; I)
12
1 ; c)
15
( 1) ; J)
14
( 1) ;
e)
13
( 1) ; f)
12
( 1) ; g)
12 11 10
1 ( 1) ( 1) ; +
l)
4 3 1 7
1 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) . +
Zg]idh]u.
o) Moqo 1 no fnrodo fuqIo oshfo 1 nfohoro
15
1 1. =
I)
12
1 1. =
c) Moqo 15 oshfo numor fok, dho moqo 1 I ngrIfur no fuqIno numor
fok oshfo 1 komI
15
( 1) 1. =
J)
14
( 1) 1. =
e)
13
( 1) ( 1) 1. = =
f)
12
( 1) 1. =
g)
12 11 10
1 ( 1) ( 1) 1 ( 1) 1 1 1 1 3. + = + = + + =
l)
4 3 1 7
1 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) 1 1 1 1 2. + = + = + + =
Shemhulli 6. johsonI:
o)
3
( 2) ; I)
4
( 2) ; c)
5
( 2) ;
J)
3
1
;
4
| |

|
\ .
e)
2
3
;
2
| |

|
\ .
f)
4
1
;
3
| |

|
\ .
g)
3 4 4 3
( 2) ( 2) ( 3) ( 3) ; + +
l)
3 2 1
1 1 1
1 1 ;
2 2 2
| | | | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .
i)
2 2 3
1 1 1 1
.
4 4 2 2
| | | | | | | |
+
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
Zg]idh]u.
o) Moqo 3 oshfo numor fok komI
3 3
( 2) 2 8. = =
I) Moqo 4 oshfo numor Iff komI
4 4
( 2) 2 2 2 2 2 16. = = =
c)
5 5 5
( 2) ( 2 ) 2 32. = = =
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
42
J)
3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
.
4 4 4 4 4 64
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
e)
2 2
3 3 3 3 9
.
2 2 2 2 4
| | | |
= = =
| |
\ . \ .
f)
4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
.
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 81
| | | |
= = = =
| |

\ . \ .
g)
3 4 4 3 3 4 4 3
( 2) ( 2) ( 3) ( 3) 2 2 3 ( 3 ) 8 16 81 27 30. + + = + + = + =
l)
3 2 1 3 2
1 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 3 1
1 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
| | | | | | | | | |
= =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
27 9 1 27 9 2 1 4 27 18 4 5
.
8 4 2 8 8 8

= = = =
i)
2 3 3 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
4 4 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2
| |
| | | | | | | | | | | |
+ = + +
|
| | | | | |
|
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
\ .
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2
4 4 4 8 8 16 4 8 16 4 4 16 4
= + + + = + + = + + = +
1 1 1 1 8 9
.
16 2 16 16
+
= + = =
Detyru plotoueoe
johsonI:
16.
13
1 . 1?.
10
1 . 1B.
7
( 1) .
19.
6
( 1) . 20.
5
( 1) . 21.
4
( 1) .
22.
4 3 2
1 ( 1) ( 1) . + 23.
8 9 3
1 ( 1) ( 1) ( 1) . +
johsonI
24.
2
( 3) . 25.
5
( 2) . 26.
3
( 3) .
2?.
2
( 0.5) . 2B.
3
1
.
4
| |

|
\ .
29.
3
1
.
2
| |

|
\ .
30.
2 3 3 2
( 2) ( 2) ( 3) 3 . + 31.
3 2 2
1 3 1
1 .
2 2 4
| | | | | |
+
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
CALCULUS
43
Shemhulli 7. johsonI
3 4
2 2 .
Zg]idh]u.
3 4
3 4 7
2 2 (2 2 2) (2 2 2 2) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2.
faktor faktor faktor
= =

.m.fh.
3 4 3 4 7
2 2 2 2 .
+
= =
o orgjIfhosI vIon:
Pv do numv veu! a v!en:
, , .
m n m n
a a a m n N
+
= e
Shemhulli S. To njohsohof rodhImI I fuqIvo:
o)
3 5
3 3 ; I)
2 3
4 4 ; c)
2 4
5 5 ;
J)
2 9
; x x e)
9
; a a f)
4
( ) ( ) ; a b a b + +
g)
3 2
;
2 2
x x | | | |

| |
\ . \ .
l)
0 5
.
3 3
x y x y + + | | | |

| |
\ . \ .
Zg]idh]u.
Zbnfojmo vofIno o mosIormo:
o)
3 5 3 5 8
3 3 3 3 .
+
= =
I)
2 3 2 3 5
4 4 4 4 .
+
= =
c)
2 4 2 4 6
5 5 5 5 .
+
= =
J)
2 9 2 9 11
. x x x x
+
= =
e) Moqo
1
, a a = rnndnj
9 1 9 1 9 10
. a a a a a a
+
= = =
f)
4 1 4 1 4 5
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) . a b a b a b a b a b a b
+
+ + = + + = + = +
g)
3 2 3 2 5
.
2 2 2 2
x x x x
+
| | | | | | | |
= =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
l)
0 5 0 5 5
.
3 3 3 3
x y x y x y x y
+
+ + + + | | | | | | | |
= =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
44
Detyru plotoueoe
johsonI:
32.
2 1
3 3 . 33.
5
2 2 . 34.
0 1
2 2 .
35.
3 5
. A A 36.
2 3
( 1) ( 1) . a a 3?.
2
( ) ( ). a b a b
3B.
5 2
.
3 3
x x | | | |

| |
\ . \ .
39.
0 5
.
2 2
x y x y | | | |

| |
\ . \ .
40.
0 0
( 1) ( 1) . x x
Mhuni n mend
IrodhImI
2 5
x x oshfo bnrnz mo
7
. x Ior
7
x mund fo nrnqIfof odho no
formn fo fjorn, .sh.
7 2 4 7 3 4 7 6
, , . x x x x x x x x x x = = =
o dIsn rnsfo, monyrn o shonImIf Iohfoson njohsImof mo fuqI.
I.sh. noso dunm fo njohsojmo
9
2 kofo mund fn bojmo sI vIjon:
9 3 3 3 3 3 3
2 2 2 2 2 8 8 8 64 8 512.
+ +
= = = = =
IrovonI fo njohsonI
9
2 duko njohsunr rodhImIn
2 7
2 2 .
Shemhulli 0. johsonI:
o)
8
2 ; I)
10
2 ; c)
5
3 ;
J)
7
3 ; e)
4 2
2 3 ; f)
3 2
4 3 .
Zg]idh]u.
o)

8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
16 16
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 16 16 256.
+ + +
= = = = =
I)
10 8 2
2 2 2 256 4 1024. = = =
c)
5 2 2 1 2 2
3 3 3 3 3 9 9 3 81 3 243.
+ +
= = = = =
J)
7 5 2
3 3 3 243 9 2187. = = =
e)
4 2 2 2 2
2 3 2 2 3 4 4 9 16 9 144. = = = =
f)
3 2 2 1 2 2
4 3 4 3 4 4 9 16 36 576.
+
= = = =
Shemhulli 10. Shrohjof o dhonn fo shrohon sI fuqI mo bnzo 2.
o)
3
64 2 ; I) 16 128; c) 100 28. +
Zg]idh]u.
CALCULUS
45
o)
3 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 9
64 2 16 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 .
+ +
= = = =
I)
4 6 4 1 6 11
16 128 16 2 64 2 2 2 2 2 .
+ +
= = = =
c) oso kofo rnsf mundohom fn zgjIdhIm sIkur rnsfof nrnrnko do fo
vorojmo so njo gjo o fIIIo oshfo o nmundur soso numrnf 100, 28
nuk mund fo shrohon sI fuqI fo numrIf 2.
Irnndnj, so nrI mbIodhIm numrnf o dhono dho rozuIfnfIn qo
morrof o nrnqosIm no formo fo fuqIvo fo numrIf 2.
2 4 7
100 28 128 2 64 2 4 16 2 2 2 2 . + = = = = =
Shemhulli 11. Shrohjof o dhonn fo shrohon sI fuqI mo bnzo 3.
o)
2
27 3 ; I)
5
81 3 ; c) 60 21. +
Zg]idh]u.
Vorojmo sI no shombuIIIn nrnrnk.
o)
2 3 2 5
27 3 3 3 3 . = =
I)
5 5 2 2 5 2 2 5 9
81 3 9 9 3 3 3 3 3 3 .
+ +
= = = =
c)
2 2 2 2 4
60 21 81 9 9 3 3 3 3 .
+
+ = = = = =
Shemhulli 12. Shrohjof o dhonn fo shrohon sI rodhIm I fuqIvo mo
bnzo 2 dho 3.
o) 36 72; I) 108 36; c) 64 6 12.
Zg]idh]u.
o) So nrI, nsI fn shrohIm numrIn 36 no fnkfor fo fhjoshf morrof:
2 2
36 2 3 . =
gjnshom vorojmo mo numrIn 72. Morrof:
3 2
72 2 3 . =
Irnndnj,
2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 5 4
36 72 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 2 3 . = = =
I) Moqo

2 2 2 3
36
108 36 3 2 3 3 2 3 ; = = =
2 2
36 2 3 , = nfohoro
2 3 2 2 4 5
108 36 2 3 2 3 2 3 . = =
c) Moqo
6
64 2 ; = 6 2 3; =
2
12 2 3 = morrof:
6 2 6 2 9 2
64 6 12 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 . = = =
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
46
Detyru plotoueoe
johsonI:
41.
7
2 . 42.
9
2 . 43.
3
4 . 44.
6
3 .
45.
8
3 . 46.
3
2 3. 4?.
4 4
3 2 ; 4B.
0 3 2
2 2 3 .
Shrohjof o dhonn fo shrohon sI fuqI mo bnzon 2.
49.
5
16 2 . 50.
3
8 2 . 51. 128 128.
52. 64 32. 53. 64 32. + 54. 30 34. +
Shrohjof o dhonn fo shrohon sI fuqI mo bnzon 3.
55. 81 3. 56.
4
9 3 . 5?.
3
243 3 .
5B. 27 81. 59. 27 81. + 60. 50 31. +
Shrohjof o dhonn fo shrohon sI rodhIm fo fuqIvo mo bnzo 2 dho 3.
61. 24 9. 62. 48 27. 63. 48 54.
64. 24 27 36. 65. 144 12. 66. 18 36.
Shemhulli 13. To njohsohof horosI
5 3
4 : 4 .
Zg]idh]u.
KomI
5
5 3 2
3
4 4 4 4 4 4
4 : 4 4 .
4 4 4 4

= = =

.m.fh.
5
5 3 5 3 2
3
4
4 : 4 4 4 .
4

= = =
o orgjIfhosI vIon:
Ie t Jet a numv veu! I ndvysLm ngu 0 dLe , m n N e . V!en:
.
m
m n
n
a
a
a

=
o qoffo so no rroguIIon o mosIormo morrof m n = nfohoro do fo
komI:
.
m
m m
m
a
a
a

=
Moqo
CALCULUS
47
0 m m
a a

=
dho
1
m
m
a
a
=
nfohoro orfundojmo so:
Pv do numv veu! a t ndvysLm ngu 0 ven:
0
1. a =
Shemhulli 14. To njohsohof horosI I fuqIvo:
o)
7
4
2
;
2
I)
6
3 : 3; c)
5 2
: ; a a
J)
11
: ; a a e)
4 3
( ) : ( ) ; a b a b f)
3 0
2 2
: .
3 3
a a | | | |
| |
\ . \ .
Zg]idh]u.
o)
7
7 4 3
4
2
2 2 .
2

= =
I)
6 6 1 6 1 5
3 : 3 3 : 3 3 3 .

= = =
c)
5 2 5 2 3
: . a a a a

= =
J)
11 11 1 11 1 10
: : . a a a a a a

= = =
e)
4 3 4 3 1
( ) : ( ) ( ) ( ) . a b a b a b a b a b

= = =
f)
3 0 3 3
2 2 2 2
: :1 .
3 3 3 3
a a a a | | | | | | | |
= =
| | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
Detyru plotoueoe
johsonI:
6?.
6
4
2
.
2
6B.
5
2
3
.
3
69.
12 5
: . a a
?0.
9
8
( )
.
( )
ax
ax
?1.
4
4
( )
.
( )
b x
b x

?2.
5 1
: .
2 2
a b a b + + | | | |
| |
\ . \ .
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
48
?3.
4 0
2 2
: .
4 4
a a | | | |
| |
\ . \ .
?4.
5
: .
3 3
x y x y | | | |
| |
\ . \ .
Shemhulli 15. johsonI:
o)
7 3
4 : 4 ; I)
5 4
6 : 6 ; c)
2 3
16 : 4 .
Zg]idh]u.
o)
7 3 7 3 4 2 2
4 : 4 4 4 4 4 16 16 256.

= = = = =
I)
5 4 5 4 1
6 : 6 6 6 6.

= = =
c)
2 2 2 2
2 3 2 1 1
3 3 2
16 16 16 4 4 4
16 : 4 4 4 4.
4 4 4 4 4

= = = = = = =

Detyru plotoueoe
johsonI:
?5.
7
2
4
.
4
?6.
5 6
6 : 6 . 6?.
9 8
7 : 7 .
?B.
2
16
.
4
?9.
2
6
64
.
4
B0.
3
81
.
3
Shemhulli 16. johsonI
o)
3 2
(4 ) . I)
3 4
(4 ) .
fore nunJ /e /on/luJojne
Zg]idh]u.
o)

2 mbledhes
3 3
3 2 3 3 3 2 6
(4 ) 4 4 4 4 4 .

= = = =
I)
4 mbledhes
3 3 3 3
3 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 12
4 faktor
(4 ) 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 .

+ + +

= = = =

Pv do numv veu! a v!en:

mbledhes
...
faktor
( ) ... , , .
n
m n m m m m m m m m n
n
a a a a a a m n N

+ + + +

= = = e

Shemhulli 17. IuqIzonI fuqIfo:

a)
2 5
(3 ) ; b)
2 4
( ) ; a c)
5 0
( ) ; a d)
5 1
( ) ; x
CALCULUS
49
e)
1 16
( ) ; A f)
3 2
(( ) ) ; x y g)
3
3
.
3
x
| |
| |
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
Zg]idh]u.
o)
2 5 2 5 10
(3 ) 3 3 .

= =
I)
2 4 2 4 8
( ) . a a a

= =
c)
5 0 5 0 0
( ) 1. a a a

= = =
J)
5 1 51 5
( ) . x x x

= =
e)
1 16 116 16
( ) . A A A

= =
f)
3 2 3 2 6
(( ) ) ( ) ( ) . x y x y x y

= =
g)
3
3 3 3 9
.
3 3 3
x x x

| |
| | | | | |
= = |
| | |
|
\ . \ . \ .
\ .
Shemhulli 1S. To shkruhon sI fuqI mo bnzon o shrohjof:
o)
5 4 3
( ) ; a a I)
2 5
( ) ; a a
c)
3 2
2 3
( )
;
( )
a
a
J)
2 3 4 4
12
( )
.
a a a a
a

Zg]idh]u.
o)
5 4 3 5 4 3 9 3 9 3 27
( ) ( ) ( ) . a a a a a a
+
= = = =
I)
2 5 2 5 10 1 10 11
( ) . a a a a a a a a
+
= = = =
c)
3 2 3 2 6
6 6 0
2 3 2 3 6
( )
1.
( )
a a a
a a
a a a

= = = = =
J)
2 3 4 4 2 3 4 4 9 4 36 37
37 12 25
12 12 12 12 12
( ) ( ) ( )
.
a a a a a a a a a a a
a a
a a a a a
+ +

= = = = = =
Detyru plotoueoe
IuqIzonI fuqIfo:
B1.
4 2
(3 ) . B2.
5 0
(2 ) . B3.
6 1
(2 ) . B4.
0 4
(5 ) .
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
50
B5.
2 2
(( ) ) . a b + B6.
4
3
.
2
x
| |
| |
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
B?.
1 2
(( 1) ) . x BB.
0 1
(( 1) ) . a
To shkruhon sI fuqI mo mo bnzon a shrohjof:
B9.
1 5 4
( ) . a a 90.
2 7 5
( ) . a a 91.
0 1 0
( ) . a a
92.
5 3
3 5
( )
.
( )
a
a
93.
0 1 4 5
6 7
( )
.
a a a a
a a

94.
0 9
9 0
.
a a
a a

Shemhulli 10. To njohsohof

3
(2 3) . fore nunJ /e /on/luJojne
Zg]idh]u.
3 3 3
(2 3) (2 3)(2 3)(2 3) (2 2 2)(3 3 3) 2 3 . = = =
o orgjIfhosI vIon
faktor t s faktor t s
( ) ( ) ( ) ... ( ) ( ... ) ( ... ) .
n n n
n ab n faktor t a n b
a b a b a b a b a a a b b b a b

= = =

Iorfundojmo so:
Pv do dy numvu veu! , a b v!en:
( ) , .
n n n
a b a b n N = e
Shemhulli 20. Shrohjof vIjuoso fo nrnqIfon no formo fo rodhImIf
fo fuqIvo:
o)
3 4 5
(2 3 ) ; I)
2 3 4
(2 ) ; ab c c)
3 5 7 3
( 2 ) . x y z
Zg]idh]u.
o)
3 4 5 3 5 4 5 3 5 4 5 15 20
(2 3 ) (2 ) (3 ) 2 3 2 3 .

= = =
I)
2 3 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 8 12
(2 ) 2 ( ) ( ) 2 2 . ab c a b c a b c a b c

= = =
c)
3 5 7 3 3 3 3 5 3 7 3 3 3 3 5 3 7 3
( 2 ) ( 2) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( 2) x y z x y z x y z

= =
3 9 15 21
( 2) . x y z =
Detyru plotoueoe
Shrohjof vIjuoso fo nrnqIfon no formo fo rodhImIf fo fuqIvo:
95.
4 2 3
(2 3 ) . 96.
2 3 5
(2 ) . xy z 9?.
2 3 4
( 3 5 ) . x y
9B.
2 3 4
(( ) ( ) ) . x y x y + 99.
4 3 2 1 0 5
(3 4 5 7 9 ) . 100.
2 3 4 5
(2 3 5 7 ) .
CALCULUS
51
Shemhulli 21. IuqIn
4
3
2
| |
|
\ .
fo nrnqIfof sI horos I fuqIvo. fore nunJ
/e /on/luJojne
Zg]idh]u.
KomI
4
4
4
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
| |
= = =
|

\ .
o orgjIfhosI komI:
faktor t s
faktor t s
faktor t
...
...
...
n a
n
n
n
a n b
n
b
a a a a a a a a
b b b b b b b b

| |
= = =
|

\ .

.
Iorfundojmo so:
Pv do dy numvu veu! , a b usLtu q 0, b = v!en:
, .
n
n
n
a a
n N
b b
| |
= e
|
\ .
Shemhulli 22. To kryhon fuqIzImof:
o)
5
3
4
2
;
3
| |
|
\ .
I)
5
2
3
4
;
3
x
y
| |
|
\ .
c)
4
2
3
( 2 )
.
( 2 )
x y
x y
| |
|
+
\ .
Zg]idh]u.
o)
5
3 3 5 3 5 15
4 4 5 4 5 20
2 (2 ) 2 2
.
3 (3 ) 3 3

| |
= = =
|
\ .
I)
5
2 2 5 5 2 5 5 2 5 5 10
3 3 5 5 3 5 5 3 5 5 15
4 (4 ) 4 ( ) 4 4
.
3 (3 ) 3 ( ) 3 3
x x x x x
y y y y y

| |
= = = =
|

\ .
c)
4
2 2 4 2 4 8
3 3 4 3 4 12
( 2 ) (( 2 ) ) ( 2 ) ( 2 )
.
( 2 ) (( 2 ) ) ( 2 ) ( 2 )
x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y

| |
= = =
|
+ + + +
\ .
Shemhulli 23. johsonI
o)
3 3
1 1
2 : 3 ;
2 3
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
I)
3
1 36
1 : .
5 10
| |
| |

| |
\ .
\ .
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
52
Zg]idh]u.
o)
3 3 3 3 3
1 1 5 10 5 10
2 : 3 : :
2 3 2 3 2 3
| | | | | | | | | |
= =
| | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ .
3 3
3
3
5 3 3 3 27
;
2 10 4 4 64
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .
I)
3 3
1 36 6 36 6
1 : :
5 10 5 10
| | | |
| | | |
= =
| | | |
\ . \ .
\ . \ .
1
5
1
10

2
36
3
6
| |
| |
|
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
3 3
3
3
2 1 ( 1) 1
.
6 3 27 3
| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .
Detyru plotoueoe
To kryhon vorImof mo fuqI:
101.
4 7 2 5
(2 ) : (3 ) . 102.
4
5
4
2
.
3
| |
|
\ .
103.
3
2 4
5
4
.
5
x y
z
| |
|
\ .
104.
5
2
3
( )
.
( )
x a
x a
| | +
|

\ .
105.
0
7
8
.
x
y
| |
|
\ .
106.
2
4 5
6
7 8
.
3
| |
|
\ .
10?.
4 5
1 3
1 : 1 .
3 4
| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
10B.
4
2 3
1 1
1 2 .
5 4
| |
| | | |
|
| |
|
\ . \ .
\ .
109.
3
2 5
3 1
1 : 2 .
4 3
| |
| | | |
|
| |
|
\ . \ .
\ .
110.
5
4
3
1
2 : 2 .
2
| |
| |
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
Shemhulli 24. To njohsohof horosI
3 5
4 : 4 . fore nunJ /e
/on/luJojne
Zg]idh]u.
o bnzo fo vofIso so mosunr mo nro komI:
3
3 5 3 5 2
5
4
4 : 4 4 4 .
4

= = =
Ior, ky rozuIfnf nrnqof rIsI no dofyrnf fonn. orI mo fnnI nfom
rnsfo vofom kur oksononfI oshfo ozIfIv.
Irn, sn oshfo
2
4 ?

!o fo shqyrfojmo odho njo horo shrohjon

3 5
4 : 4 .
CALCULUS
53
3
3 5
5 2
4 4 4 4 1 1
4 : 4 .
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

= = = =

Irn
3 5 2
4 : 4 4

=
dho
3 5
2
1
4 : 4 .
4
=
Irnndnj komI
2
2
1
4 .
4

=
Iorfundojmo so:
Pv do numv veu! a t ndvysLm ngu zevo v!en:
1
, .
n
n
a n N
a

= e
SLembu!!I 25. A oshfo I snkfo ohImI
3 3
2 ( 2) ?

=
Zg]idh]u.
Moqo
3
3
1 1
2
8 2

= = dho
3
3
1 1
( 2)
8 ( 2)

= =

orfundojmo so ohImI
oshfo I snkfo.
Shnim. IrovonI fo kufonI so no orgjIfhosI nuk vIon ohImI
( ) ?
n n
a a

=
Shemhulli 26. To njohsohof:
o)
1 3 3
(2 ) ;
n
I)
9
2 3
.
n
n
x
x

Zg]idh]u.
o)
1 3 3 (1 3 ) ( 3) 3 9 9 3
(2 ) 2 2 2 .
n n n n +
= = =
I)
9
9 (2 3) 9 2 3 6
2 3
.
n
n n n n n
n
x
x x x
x

= = =
Detyru plotoueoe
To kryhon vorImof mo fuqI:
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
54
111.
5
9
4
.
4
112.
2
7
.
x
x
113.
3
5
( )
.
( )
a b
a b
+
+
114.
3
3 2 4
4
.
4
xy
x y
| |
|
\ .
115.
2 3
4 3
(3 ) (2 )
.
(2 ) (3 )

116.
1
1 1
2
4
.
2
x y
xy

| |
|
\ .
11?.
1 2
(3 ) .
n
11B.
3
4
2
.
2
n
n

119.
2
3
4
.
4
n
n

110.
2
4 3 2
1 1 3
2 3 5
.
2 3 5
n n n
n n n

+
| |
|

\ .
To fhjoshfohon shrohjof:
Shemhulli 27.
3 6 5 4 4
4 4 12 1 0
10 3 6 (5 )
.
(( 12) ) 5 3 ( 7)

Zg]idh]u.
3 6 5 4 4 3 6 5 4 4
4 4 12 1 0 4 ( 4) 12 1
10 3 6 (5 ) (2 5) 3 (2 3) 5
(( 12) ) 5 3 ( 7) ( 12) 5 3



=

3 3 6 5 5 16 3 5 6 5 3 16
16 12 1 16 16 12 1
2 5 3 2 3 5 2 2 3 3 5 5
( 12) 5 3 ( 1) 12 5 3



= =

3 5 6 5 3 16
16 12 1
2 3 5
(3 4) 5 3
+ +


=

8 11 13 8 11 13 8 11 13 8 11 13
16 16 12 1 2 16 16 1 12 32 16 1 12 32 15 12
2 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 5
3 4 5 3 (2 ) 3 3 5 2 3 5 2 3 5



= = = =

8 32 11 15 13 ( 12) 24 4 1
2 3 5 2 3 5

= =
24 4 24 4
1 1 1 1
.
2 3 5 2 3 5
= =

Shemhulli 2S.
3 4 2 3
2 3 2 2 1
2 ( 7) (3 )
.
(4 ) 49 (9 )




Zg]idh]u.
3 4 2 3 3 4 4 2 ( 3) 3 4 6
2 3 2 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 ( 1) 6 4 2
2 ( 7) (3 ) 2 ( 1) 7 3 2 7 3
(4 ) 49 (9 ) 4 (7 ) 9 4 7 9



= =

3 6 3 6 3 6
3 ( 12) 6 4 15 2
2 6 2 2 12 4 12 4
2 3 2 3 2 3
2 3 2 3 .
(2 ) (3 ) 2 3 2 3



= = = = =

Shemhulli 20.
4 3 2 1
7 3 2 1 2
81 ( )
.
27 ( ) ( )
x y z
x y z




Zg]idh]u.
CALCULUS
55
4 3 2 1 4 4 3 2( 1) 4 3 2
7 3 2 1 2 3 7 3 ( 2) 1 2 7 6 2
81 ( ) 3 3
27 ( ) ( ) 3
x y z x y z x y z
x y z x y z x y z



= =

4 ( 7) 3 ( 6) 2 ( 2) 3 3 4
3 3 . x y z x y z

= =
Shemhulli 30.
3
2 5
4 7
: .
a a
b b

| | | |
| |
\ . \ .
Zg]idh]u.
2
3
2 5 2 5 3 2 5 ( 3) 2 15
4
15 4 7 4 7 3 4 7 ( 3) 4 21
21
( )
: : : :
( )
a
a a a a a a a a
b
a b b b b b b b b
b

| | | | | |
= = = =
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
2 21
2 15 21 ( 4) 17 25
15 4
.
a b
a b a b
a b

= = =

Shemhulli 31. To fhjoshfohof shrohjn

3 2 1 3 4 3 2
2 3 2 3 2
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
x y x y x y
A
x y x y



=

dho fo njohsohof vIorn o snj noso
1
4, .
2
x y = =
Zg]idh]u.
3 2 1 3 4 3 2 3 2 1 4 3 4 3 2
2 3 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
x y x y x y x y x y x y
A
x y x y x y x y



= =

3 2 4 12 6 3 4 1 2 12 6 0 20
4 6 2 6 4 2 6 6 6 12
x y x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y x y
+
+

= = =

6 20 ( 12) 6 8
. x y x y

= =
Moqo
1
4,
2
x y = = morrof
8
8 8
6 1 8 8 4
6 6 2 6 12 4
1 1 1 2 2 1 1
(4 ) (2 ) 2 2 .
2 4 4 (2 ) 2 2 16
A

| |
= = = = = = = =
|
\ .
Shemhulli 32. To fhjoshfohof shrohjn
2 1 1
2 1 2 1 1
1 1
.
1 2 1 1
x x x x
x x x x x


| | + + +
+
|
+ + +
\ .
Zg]idh]u.
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
56
2 1 1
2 1 2 1 1
1 1
1 2 1 1
x x x x
x x x x x


| | + + +
+
|
+ + +
\ .
2
2 2
1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1 1 1
1 2 1 1
x
x x x
x x x x x
| |
+ + +
|
= +
|
|
+ + +
|
\ .
3
2
2 2
2 2
1 1 1
1
1 1 2
x x x
x x x
x
x x x x
x
x x
| | + + +
|
= + |

+ + +
|
|
\ .
3
2 2
1 ( 1) 1
1 2 1 1
x x x x
x x x x x
| | + + +
= +
|
+ + +
\ .
2
2 2
( 1)( 1) ( 1) 1
1 ( 1) 1
x x x x x x
x x x x
| | + + + +
= +
|
+ +
\ .
2
1 ( 1) 1
( 1)
1 1 1 1
x x x x x
x
x x x x
+ + + +
| |
= + + =
|
+ +
\ .
2 2
2 1 3 1
.
1 1
x x x x x
x x
+ + + + +
= =

CALCULUS
57
2. RRNJZIMI FUQIA ME EKSPONENT NUMR
RACIONAL
Ie t Jet u numv veu! dLe n numv nutyvov.
ZgJIdLJu e buvuzImIt
n
x a = (1)
sIpus r (nse ekzIston) quLet vvnJ e n t e numvIt u.
SLnoLet
( )
n n
x a a = = (2)
(ktu supozoLet se
n
a ekzIston).
Nse u sLt numv I IuvdosLm veu!, utLev
2
| | a a = (3)
Nse 0 a > dLe , m n numvu nutyvov, utLev
.
m
n m
n
a a =
(4)
Ie t Jet , a b numvu veu! pozItIv dLe , m n numvu nutyvov,
utLev
n n n
ab a b = (5)
n
n
n
a a
b
b
= (6)
Shemhulli 1. johsonI:
o)
3 13 3 5
36 4 49 8 32 1 1; + + +
I)
2 3
3
16 1
64 25 ( 3) ;
9 27
+ +
c)
3 3 5
25
8 ( 9 27 32).
36
| |
+ +
|
|
\ .
Zg]idh]u.
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
58
o)
3 5 3 5 3 13 3 5
36 4 49 8 32 1 1 6 4 7 2 2 1 ( 1) + + + = + + +
6 28 2 2 2 36. = + + + =
I)
3
2 3 3 3
3
3
16 1 16 1
64 25 ( 3) 4 5 | 3|
9 27
9 27
+ + = + +
4 1
4 5 3 3.
3 3
= + + =
c)
3 3 5 3 3 5
3 3 5
25 25
8 ( 9 27 32) ( 2) (3 ( 3) ( 2)
36
36
| | | |
+ + = + +
| |
| |
\ . \ .
5 101
( 2) (3( 3)( 2)) .
6 6
| |
= + + =
|
\ .
johsonI:
Shemhulli 3. o) 8 32; I) 3 6 2 8; c)
2 2
.
m m
x x
+

Zg]idh]u.
o) 8 32 4 2 16 2 4 2 16 2 2 2 4 2 = = =
2
8( 2) 8 2 16. = = =
I)
2
3 6 2 8 3 2 3 2 4 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 6( 2) 3 2 = = =
12 2 3 24 3. = =
c)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
( ) | | .
m m m m m m m m m
x x x x x x x x
+ + + +
= = = = =
Shemhulli 4.
1 1 2 1 2
3 3 3 3 3
3 2 3 6 2 .
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ . \ .
Zg]idh]u.
1 1 2 1 2
3 3 2 2 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3
3 2 3 6 2 ( 3 2)( 3 6 2 )
| | | |
+ + = + +
| |
\ . \ .
2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3
( 3 2)( 3 3 2 2 ) = + +
3 3 3 3
( 3) ( 2) 5. = + =
CALCULUS
59
To rncIonnIIzohof omoruosI I fhyosnvo:
Shemhulli 5. o)
1
;
3
I)
10
;
5
c)
3
1
;
3
J)
5
2
.
7
Zg]idh]u.
o)
2
1 1 3 3 3
;
3
3 3 3
3
= = =
I)
2
10 5 10 5 10 5
2 5;
5
5 5
5
= = =
c)
3 2 3 3
3 3 3 3 2 3
1 1 3 9 9
;
3
3 3
3 3
= = =
J)
5 5 5 4 4 4
5 5 5 5 4 5
2 2 7 2 7 2 7
.
7
7 7
7 7

= = =
Shemhulli 6. o)
1
;
7 2
I)
3 2
;
3 2

+
c)
1
.
2 3 1 +
Zg]idh]u.
o)
2 2
1 1 7 2 7 2 7 2
7 2 7 2 7 2 ( 7 2)( 7 2) ( 7) 2
+ + +
= = =
+ +
7 2
.
3
+
=
I)
2
2 2
3 2 3 2 3 2 (3 2) 9 6 2 2 11 6 2
.
7
3 2 3 2 3 2 (3 2)(3 2) 3 ( 2)
+
= = = =
+ + +
c)
2
1 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1
.
12 1 11
2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 (2 3) 1

= = = =

+ +
Shemhulli 7.
12 7 4 1
.
5 1 5 2 3 5 11 5 14
| |
+ +
|
+ +
\ .
Zg]idh]u.
12 7 4 1
5 1 5 2 3 5 11 5 14
| |
+ +
|
+ +
\ .
12 5 1 7 5 2 4 3 5 1
5 1 5 1 5 2 5 2 3 5 3 5 11 5 14
| |
+ +
= + +
|
|
+ + + +
\ .
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
60
12 5 12 7 5 14 12 4 5 1
5 1 5 4 9 5
11 5 14
| |
+ +
= + +
|
|

+
\ .
12( 5 1) 1
7 5 14 (3 5)
4
11 5 14
| |

= + + + +
|
|
+
\ .
1
(3 5 3 7 5 14 3 5)
11 5 14
= + + + +
+
1
(11 5 14) 1.
11 5 14
= + =
+
Shemhulli S. o)
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
;
x y x y
x y x y
+

+
I)
1 2 1
3
3 3 3
2 1 2 1
.
1 2
4 (2 ) 1
x x
x
x x
+
+

+ +
Zg]idh]u.
o)
1 1 1 1
2 2 2 2
x y x y x y x y
x y x y
x y x y
+ +
=
+
+
( )( ) ( )( )
( )( )
x y x y x y x y
x y x y
+ +
=
+
( )
( )( )
x x x y y x y y x x x y y x y y
x y x y
+ + + +
=
+
( )( )
x x x y y x y y x x x y y x y y
x y x y
+ + + + +
=
+
2 2 2 ( ) 2
.
( )( ) ( )( )
x y y x x y x y xy
x y x y x y x y x y
+ +
= = =
+ +
I)
1 2 1 1 2 1
3 3
2
3 3 3 3 3 3
2 1 2 1 2 1 1 2
1 2 2 1
4 (2 ) 1 (2 ) (2 ) 1
x x x x
x x
x x x x
+ +
+ = +

+ + + +
2 1 1
3 3 3
2 1 1 2
(2 ) (2 ) 1 (2 ) 1
x x
x x x
+
= +
+ +
CALCULUS
61
1 2 1
3 3 3
1 2 1
3 3 3
(2 1) (2 ) 1 (1 2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 1
(2 ) 1 (2 ) (2 ) 1
x x x x x
x x x
| | | |
+ + + +
| |
\ . \ .
=
| | | |
+ +
| |
\ . \ .
1 1 2 1 2 1
3 3 3 3 3 3
3
1
3
(2 )(2 ) 2 (2 ) 1 (2 ) (2 ) 1 (2 )(2 ) (2 )(2 ) 2
(2 ) 1
x x x x x x x x x x x
x
+ + + +
=
| |

|
\ .
2 1
3 3
(2 ) (1 2 ) 2(2 ) 4
.
2 1
x x x x
x
+
=

IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI

62
Detyru pr uohtrime
johsonI:
1. o)
0
2 ; I)
0
3 ; c)
0
1 ; J)
0
1
;
4
| |
|
\ .
e)
0
2
;
3
| |
|
|
\ .
f)
0
;
3
t
| |
|
\ .
g)
0
2 3
;
3
| |
|
|
\ .
l)
0
; x i)
0
1
;
2
x +
| |
|
\ .
j)
0
2
.
x
| |
+
|
|
t
\ .
2. o)
0 0
( 2 ) ; x y + I)
0 0 0
( 2 3 ) ; x z y + + c)
0 0 2 0
( ) . x y z + +
3. o)
2 0
2( ) ; a b + I)
2 0 0
(2( ) ) ; a b + c)
0
0
.
3 4
x y | |
+
|
\ .
4. o)
0 0
1; x y + I)
0
3
;
4
x c)
0 2
: ; x x
J)
0 2
; x x e)
2 0
: ; x x f)
2 0
1
.
2
x x +
5. o)
0
( 3 ) ; x y I)
0 0
3 ; x y c)
0 0
(3 ) ; x y J)
0 0
3 . x y
6. o)
1
2 ;

I)
2
2 ;

c)
2
3 ;

J)
3
4 ;

e)
2
( 2) .

?. o)
3
1
;
2

I)
4
3
;
2

c)
2
2
;
3

J)
1
5
;
(_ 4)

e)
2
.
a
a

B. o)
1
1
;
2

| |
|
\ .
I)
2
1
1 ;
2

| |
|
\ .
c)
3
3
1 ;
4

| |
|
\ .
J)
1
(0.4) ;

e)
1
( 0.5) .

9. o)
1
3 2 ;

I)
2 1
2 3 ;

c)
4 2
2 4 ;

J)
2 4
8 4 ;

e)
2
1 2
.
3 3

| |
|
\ .
10. o)
2
; x

I)
4
; x

c)
3
;
x
y

J)
2
3( )
.
( )
x y
x y

+
+
11. o)
2 2 3 2
2 3 1 4 ;

+ + + I)
1 2 3
1 1 1
1 ;
2 3 3

| | | | | |
+
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
c)
1 2 3
1 1 1
;
3 3 3

| | | | | |

| | |
\ . \ . \ .
J)
4 3 2
1 1 1
.
2 2 2

| | | | | |
+
| | |
\ . \ . \ .
CALCULUS
63
12. o)
2 3 1
(( 2) ( 3) ) : ( 4) ;

I)
0
3
5 2
1
(2 ( 5) ) 25 2 ;
2

| |
| |
+ +
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
c)
0 2
1 2 1 1
1 1 1 1 ;
2 3 3 2

| | | |
| | | |

| |
| |
| |
\ . \ .
\ . \ .
J)
2
2 3 2 2
1 2 1 3
1 1 .
3 3 3 4

| | | |
| | | | | | | |
+ +
| |
| | | |
| |
\ . \ . \ . \ .
\ . \ .
o shrohjof vIjuoso fo kryhon vorImof nshfu qo fo IIrohonI ngn
fuqIfo nognfIvo.
13. o)
1 2
; ax y

I)
2 3 2 3
( ) ; a x c

c)
2 3 2 4
( ) . ab c x

14. o)
2 3 4
2
;
3 x a


I)
3 4
1
;
x y z

c)
1 1 2
3
.
4 ( ) x x y

+
15. o)
3 2
2 3
;
x y z
a b


I)
1 3 2
1 1
( 2)
;
3 ( 2)
x y z
x y


+
+
c)
2
3 2
.
( 1) ( 1)
a b
b a

+
16. o)
3
1 3
1
( ) ;
2
x y
x

I)
2
2
( )
;
( )
x z
x y z

+
c)
3 4 5
1 2
.
3
x a b
y


Shrohjof o dhonn fo shkruhon no formo fo rodhImIf fo fuqIvo:
1?. o)
2
;
a
b
I)
2
;
x
y
| |
|
\ .
c)
1
;
x
J)
3
1
.
a
1B. o)
2
;
xy
z
I)
2
3 4
;
xy
z t
c)
3
;
ab
xyz
| |
|
\ .
J)
2
.
( )
ax
by
19. o)
2
;
( )
x
x y
I)
2
3
( )
;
( )
x y
x y

+
c)
2 3
;
( )
x
y x y

J)
2
3
.
( )
x
x x a +
20. o)
2 3
2
3
;
4 ( 1)
x y
z y

+
I)
3
2 5
( 1)
;
4 ( 2)
x
x

c)
3
3 4
2
;
3
x y
x t

J)
2
3
2( )
.
4 ( )
x y
a x y

+

21. o)
2
;
n
x
y
I)
1
1
;
n
x y
+
| |
|

\ .
c) ;
t c
x
y z
J) .
m
n t
a
b c

johsonI:
IUQIZIMI DHL RRLNJLZIMI
64
22. o)
2 1
3
1
2 3 ;
4

+ + I)
1
3
2 12
;
5 2

| |

|
\ .
c)
3
2
1 3
: ;
3 5

| |
|
\ .
J)
2
3 1 2
1
2 1 (2 ) .
4

| |

|
\ .
To kryhon vorImof mo fuqI:
23.
2
3 2 3 2
4
:
.
x x x x
x x
| |

|
\ .
24.
2
2
3 2 2
3
(0.2 ) .
2
x
x y
y

| |

|
\ .
25.
3 2
2 2
4 4
7 9
.
3 49
x y
y x

| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
26.
2 2
3 2 2 3
2 3
.
9 6
x y x y
y y

| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
2?.
2 2 2
2 3 2 1
8 15
: : .
12 3
x y xy x y
y x x y xy

| |
|
\ .
2B.
2 3
5 2
2 4
2
.
x y
y x

| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
29.
5 2
3 7
5 3
3
.
x y
y x

| | | |

| |
\ . \ .
30.
2 4
2
2 2
1 3
2 3
1 2
.
6
x x
x y
y y

| | | |
| |

| | |
\ .
\ . \ .
31.
3
1 3 2 8
1
: ( : ).
2
x y x y

| |
|
\ .
32.
11
2 3 8 4 6 6 2 4 5 3 2
4 6 2 1 2 3 3 5 7
( ) ( ) (( ) : ( ) ) 1
: .
( ) ( ) ( )
x y x y x y x y
x y x y x y y


| |

|

\ .
johsonI
33. o)
3
8 27; I)
3 3
2 4; c)
5 5 5
6 3 ;
J) 20 5; e)
4
72 18; f) 27 12.
34.
3 2 2 3 5 5
7 2 7 2 . 35.
3
8 4 64.
36.
2 2
5( 2 1) 3 (1 2) . + 3?. 12 45 18. + +
3B.
1 1 5
5 20 20.
5 2 4
+ 39. (3 5 2)(3 5 1).
40.
1
2 6 4 3 5 2 8 3 6.
4
| |
+
|
\ .
CALCULUS
65
41. (2 6 3 5 1) : 3 ( 6 2 5 3) : 5 (3 6 4 5 1) :15. + + +
42.
1
8 3 2 10 ( 2 3 1.6 5 0.4).
2
| |
+ + +
|
\ .
43. (12 50 8 200 7 450) : 10. +
44.
1 1 2 1 2 4 2 1
: .
3 2 3 3 7 5 7 8
| | | |
+
| |
| |
\ . \ .
45. ( 4 2 3 4 2 3)( 4 2 3 4 2 3). + + +
johsonI
46. 2 18 3 8 3 32 50. + +
4?. (2 8 3 5 7 2)( 72 20 4 2). + +
4B. (4 6)(3 2 5 3). +
To rncIonnIIzohof omoruosI:
49. o)
1
;
3
I)
3
3
;
2
c)
4
2
;
49
50.
3
2
3
. 51.
1
.
2 3
52.
2
.
2 2 1
53.
1
.
2 2 3 3 +
54.
1
.
2 3 +
55.
4
.
3 2 1 +
56.
1
.
2 2 3 3