leg on which the coil is to be wound, multiplied by the thickness.

In the case of the core shown, the center leg is .25 sq. in. The
number of turns required is, therefore 493 divided by -25, or 1972. The y i r e size is calculated from the

length of the magnetic path, as shown in the upper detail of Fig. 7. The wire size in circular mils is found by multiplying the

length by 50,000, and then dividing by the number of turns. For a magnetic path of 3% in., the wire size required is 3.25 times 50,000, divided by 1972, or 82.5 circukr mils. The required gauge number is then found from any magnet wire table, which will show that No. 31 has an area of 80 circular mils, and No. 30 has an area of 101 i l s . In such a case, the larger circular m

- kbsg,

'

Bage number) should be Tha c d l will, therefoh, be wound with iPt2 tof No: 30 enameled wire. transformersap & mast g i v q Nos 3Q wire ere a heavy-duty @ * built'kom large %stamplarlargm WWwill Be necessary.

size

@WW

'

The d tg wauhd on a woodan form a9

The armature is fastened to its b r d with two flat-head rivets, counbrsunkL ia - ' the a~matupe.Clearances and specified should be followed cItre&By. & Eggraving tooh can be made o f %-b, &.- , larger drill rod. The tips can be ground t~ various shapes, as shown in Pig, 2. After - ,. ~ough-grindingto shape, tb. end. shu]$ be hardened by heating to a straw yellow
hb

color and pl-g

,

5 w d 6. The form should b a h * Iarger thanthe 16g Qn which the cd*, rrnrl ,sh&tafso have a slight tag& e & , so th@the fbidhd,-coil , #pmd ,can b , r d l p g d - ' d readily aft@ misaving '
shorn in

be h d e d ctnd l~crewed h t o the_end af the amnature; a h k nut and bc& w d i q

are b hold theni f r d y .

the aut'thg end om& into cold water. After hardening&er are An&& ground. The shank of the W1 can

"

If & a & I -

..

gle engraving bit is to be used, it can be held permanently in place by peening. The completed tool can be mounted on a semi-circular wooden block, and placed inside a fiber tube. See Figs. 1and 4. Another way to make a simple engraving tool is to take an inexpensive vibratortype (labeled' a.c. only) electric razor, of the kind which contains an electromagnet instead of a motor. See the left detail of

Fig. 7. Remove the cutter head from the shaver and, if necessary, saw off the end of the Bakelite case. An engraving tool can be attached to the vibrating shaft of the shaver. One way to do this is to swage the shank of the tool flat, and drill it to fit the shaft. It can be held in place by peening, or the shaft can be threaded and the tool tapped and held with a lock nut.

'

Jackshaft on Motor Makes VariableflSpeedUnit

on an electric motor, The unit can be fastened in a fixed position for driving power tools, such as metal-turning lathes, drill presses, etc., where various speeds are required, or it can be carried about for operating a flexible shaft as shown. By using two 5-in. cone pulleys and a motor of 1,750 r.p.m. on the original unit a speed range of 700 to 4,375 r.p.m. was obtained.

Pillow blocks serve as bearings for the shaft, and they are bolted to angle-iron supports, which are attached to the motor' by placing them under the nuts of the tie rods that hold the motor housing together. In some cases, it may be necessary to substitute longer tie rods for the original ones. -Kent H. Alverson, Niagara Falls, N. Y.

Small Paper Cups Have Many Uses in the Home Workshop

An inexpensive convenience in your home workshop is a supply of small paper cups. They are particularly handy when
doing small jobs of finishing, er i n mixing

away when a job is finished. Labels and measures can be marked on them easily with a pencil, and liquid levels show clearly through the translucent sides.

paints and stains. When tin cans are used for this purpose they always must be cleaned for the next job, and frequently bits of skins or traces of the old color remain. But paper cups are merely thrown

(TTo remove rust from the flutes of an auger bit use a small rope which is coated with glue or shellac and sprinkled with fine emery.