Multipliers

1
EE141 Integrated Circuits2nd Digital

Arithmetic Circuits

The Binary Multiplication

X=
M 1 i =0

X2
i

Y=

N 1 j =0

Y 2
j

Z = XY =

M + N 1 k =0

Z k 2k =
N 1

N 1 M 1 i j X 2 Y 2 i j = i =0 j =0

M 1 i+ j X Y 2 i j j =0 i =0
2

EE141 Integrated Circuits2nd Digital

Arithmetic Circuits

The Binary Multiplication

1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Productos parciales 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 Resultado
3
EE141 Integrated Circuits2nd Digital

Multiplicando Multiplicador

Arithmetic Circuits

The Array Multiplier

X3 X3 HA X3 FA X3 FA Z7 Z6 X2 FA Z5 X2 FA X1 FA Z4 X2 FA X1 FA X0 HA Z3 Y3 X2 X1 FA X0 HA Z2 Y2 X1 X0 HA Z1 X0 Y1 Z0 Y0

4
EE141 Integrated Circuits2nd Digital

Arithmetic Circuits

The MxN Array Multiplier: Critical Path

HA FA FA HA

FA

FA

FA

HA

Critical Path 1 Critical Path 2

Critical Path 1 & 2

FA FA FA HA

tmult = tand + (N-1)tsum + [(M-1) + (N-2)]tcarry

5
EE141 Integrated Circuits2nd Digital

Arithmetic Circuits

Carry-Save Multiplier
HA HA HA HA

HA

FA

FA

FA

HA

FA

FA

FA

HA

FA

FA

HA

Vector Merging Adder

tmult = tand + (N-1)tcarry + tmerge

6
EE141 Integrated Circuits2nd Digital

Arithmetic Circuits

Treelike Partial Additions

y0 y1 y2 Ci-1 y3 Ci FA y4 FA Ci FA y5 Ci FA C S FA Ci-1 Ci Ci-1 Ci-1 Ci Ci y0 y1 y2 y3 y4 y5 FA

FA

FA Ci-1 Ci-1

7
EE141 Integrated Circuits2nd Digital

Arithmetic Circuits

Multiplier Floorplan
X3 X2 X1 X0 Y0 Y1 HA Multiplier Cell C S C S C S C S Z0 FA Multiplier Cell Y2 C S C S C S C S Z1 Vector Merging Cell

Y3

C S

C S

C S

C S Z2

X and Y signals are broadcasted through the complete array. ( )

C S

C S

C S

C S

Z7

Z6

Z5

Z4

Z3

8
EE141 Integrated Circuits2nd Digital

Arithmetic Circuits

Wallace-Tree Multiplier
Partial products 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 First stage 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit position

(a) Second stage 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

(b) Final adder 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

FA (c)

HA (d)

9
EE141 Integrated Circuits2nd Digital

Arithmetic Circuits

Wallace-Tree Multiplier
Partial products x3y3 x3y2 x2y3 x2y2 x3y1 x1y2 x3y0 x1y1 x2y0 x0y1 x1y3 x0y3 x2y1 x0y2 x1y0 x0y0

First stage

HA

HA

Second stage

FA

FA

FA

FA

Final adder z7 z6 z5 z4 z3 z2 z1 z0

10
EE141 Integrated Circuits2nd Digital

Arithmetic Circuits