Biomedical Engineering

an Introduction

1. Integrated Engineering focuses on Interdisciplinary Emerging Technologies

Nanotechnology
Civil Electrical Mechanical

Achmad Rizal BioSPIN (Biomedical Signal Processing & Instrumentation ) Institut Teknologi Telkom

Mechatronics

Computer Software Chemical

Biomedical
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2. Definition of Biomedical Engineering* (1)

2. Definition of Biomedical Engineering* (2)

Biomedical engineering is a discipline that advances knowledge in engineering, biology, medicine, and improves human health trough crosscross-disciplinary that integrate engineering sciences with the biology sciences and clinical practices. It includes: - the acquisition of knowledge and understanding of living system through innovative and substantive application experimental and analytical techniques based on engineering sciences - the development of new devices, algorithms, processes and system that advances biology and medicine and improves medical practice and healthcare delivery
* Whitaker foundation
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Biomedical Engineering (BME) =

Multidisciplinary field, that applies engineering & scientific methods & technology, to Solve Problems in Biology & Medicine To process medical information To assist medical procedures To improve the quality of life through improving Community Health Care

(*)Soegijardjo (*)Soegijardjo Soegijoko, Soegijoko, BMEBME-ITB

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3. Some majors areas

More specific
Biomaterials Biomechanics Biosensors Medical imaging Molecular imaging Nanotechnology Telemedicine Tissue engineering Biosystem
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Biotransport Rehabilitation engineering Cellular engineering Clinical engineering Biostatistics Bioinformatics

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4. Medical Procedures
1.Data/information Collection 2. Data processing & analysis 3. Diagnosis 4. Therapy 5. Test (More symptom ?) - Further actions/ Follow up
Start 1 Data Collection 2 Process & Analysis 3 Diagnosis t Yes (symp tom) 4 Therapy 1, 5 Test No Stop

5. Medical Information
Text (alphanumeric data), e.g. patient data Physiological Signal (bio(bio-signals) e.g.: ECG, EMG, EEG signals Medical Images & biometrics:

Static images, e.g.: XX-ray images; fingerprint, iris Dynamic images, e.g.: visual image of heart pumping action, lung respiratory action

Sound & voice, e.g.: heart sound, voice of physician & patient Combination of the above mentioned information

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6. Bioinstrumentation (1)

6. Bioinstrumentations in Dentistry (2)

Apply fundamental measurement sciences to biomedical instrumentation for measuring physiological variables that may originate molecular, cellular or systemic process

May described by mechanical, electrical, chemical, optical or other event uses sensor and/or transducer sensor must be designed so that/to - minimized disturbance to measured variable and environment - comply with the requirement of the living system - maximize the SNR, achieve accuracy and repeatability Measured signal is usually fed into a signal processing algorithm for further conditioning and analysis
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6. Other Medical Instruments (3)

6. Biomedical Instrumentation (4)

USG

Hearing Aid Stethoscope

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7. Biomaterial (1)

7. Biomaterials in Dentistry (2)

Application of engineering materials to the production of medical/biological/diagnostic product - design and development of ne new material often to replace failing biological organs/limbs Designing new materials that body will not reject. The material must be : - non toxic, noncarcicogenic, noncarcicogenic, chemically inert, stable and mecha mechanically strong enough to withstand the repeated forces of a life time
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7. Biomaterial (3)
Knee Joint Prosthesis
Surgical operation: implant
SS316L, Ti alloy or Co-Cr alloy

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Artificial Heart*
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*How stuffwork.com

8. Medical Imaging (1)

Fiberoptic Endoscope
Fundus camera

PET

To guide the surgery precisely

USG

X-Ray
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8. Some biomedical imaging equipments (3)

High Field MRI

9. Biosignal/Biopotensial (1)

Analysis biological data to uncover the nature of underlying physiological phenomena

Signal processing Time series analysis Origins of signal variability Transform and statistical techniques Analysis of chaotic behavior of signal / fractal analysis

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Ultrasound

CAT Scan

Open MRI

Mobile MRI X-ray for Mammography

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PET Scanner

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9. Biosignal Processing (2)

9. Biosignal Processing (3)

Biomedical Signal Examples :

Arterial Blood Pressure

1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 9 0 0

EEG

8 0 0 7 0 0 6 0 0

6 t (s e c .)

1 0

1 2

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Electrocardiogram (ECG)

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10. Biomechanics (1)

10. Biomechanic (2)

Study of composition, properties and interaction of biological tissues (such as bone, muscle, etc) and fluid (such as blood, inter/intracelluler inter/intracelluler fluid, etc)

Study of motion, material deformation, flow within the body and devices, transport of chemical constituent across biological and syntetic media Development of artificial heart, replacement heart valves, artificial organs, patient assistance devices, ergonomic design all fall within of realm of biomechanics biomechanics include both fluid mechanics and solid mechanic at molecular, cellular, macroscopic organ or system level
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Motorized Wheel Chair

Remember Christopher Reeve?

Gait Analysis

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Gait analysis

observational studies sequential photographs video recording dynamic electromyography force transducers, foot switches, electrogoniometers, electrogoniometers, spotting systems specialized transducers: physical variable electrical signal digital signal. computer technology, to analyze data obtained from different sources; record & display digital signals as dependent variables of time on a graph with a common time axis. 3D studies
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11. Clinical Engineering

Application of technology in healthcare

Clinical engineers typically work in hospital to assist doctors/nurses with their medical technology needs Managing diagnostic and laboratory equipment in hospital, interface different equipment with each other and/or with computer Determine equipment needs Search for and specify optimal equipment Train healthcare workers on equipment Perform maintenance and safety inspection
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12. Cellular Engineering

13. Rehabilitation Engineering

Design of quantitative biochemical & biophysical techniques and procedure for study & manipulation of cell function , such as

Cell metabolism Inter & intra cellular signalling & regulation Biomolecular uptake & secretion Cellular migration, adhesion, proliferation

A new growing area in BME Expand capabilities and improves the quality of life individuals with physical impairment

Closely related to biochemistry, biophysics & molecular biology Example : stem cell tech, cloning tech
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Design or modify new/old equipment for an individual, or a group of individual with specific disability

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14. Where do Biomedical Engineering Work In industry

In industry

15. BME Society

Design of new biomedical equipment, performnace testing for new or proposed equipment, service engineer, etc Product testing and safety, establishing safety standard for biomedical biomedical equipment dan system Provide advice on selection and use of biomedical equipment, supervise on medical device performance testing and maintenace Supervise laboratories and equipment, participate in or direct research research activities with other researcher with such backgrounds such as engineering, medicine, nurse, biology etc Academic research, training next generation biomedical/other engineer engineer
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In government positions

In hospital

In research institutions

In academia

American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE) Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineer (IEEE) in Medicine and Biology society International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE) SMBE Australia (Society for Medical & Biomedical Engineering) BES (Biomedical Engineering Singapore) IBES (Indonesian Biomedical Engineering Society) since 2002.
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References

www.howstuffworks.com EMBS magazine Soegijardjo S, Lecture on BME, ITB Whitaker Foundation Edwin L. Dove, Medical Image Processing Lecture Notes, UIOWA Proceeding BME Day 2007 Webster, Medical Instrumentation
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