OLEDs

Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Rhiza Lyne E. Villones

New Technology for Flat Panel Displays (FPDs)

Pictures

Current Technologies
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) PICS

Plasma PICS

General Shortcomings of FPDs

Energy consumption Manufacturing cost Limited to glass

Deficiencies
LCDs
Does not look very real Response delay

Plasma
Affected by ambient light

OLEDs Outline
Background
Luminescence History Applications

OLEDs Structure Classes Future Research Anticipated Products

Luminescence
Photoluminescence, PL
Optical excitation
Fluorescence Phosphorescence

Luminescence
Electroluminescence, EL
Electrical excitation

Types of Light-Emitting Diodes, LEDs

Inorganic, LEDs Polymer, PLEDs Organic, OLEDs

History

Device Structure

Terms
Luminance, or Light Output
Luminous intensity per unit area, cd/m2

Quantum efficiency
Photon/electron ratio

Power efficiency
Radiance per unit electric power, lm/W

Driving (turn-on) voltage

Minimum voltage required for emission, V

Glass transition temperature

Rigid amorphous material

Desired Properties for OLEDs

Organic molecule
Amorphous, with high glass TT (>100degC)

Device
Luminance, >20,000 cd/m2 Q. efficiency, >4% P. efficiency, >20 lm/W Turn-on voltage, <6 V Lifetime, >10,000 h

Enhancing Performance

Structure Classes
Hole Transport Layer, HTL
Arylamines, Isoindole

Electron Transport Layer, ETL

Oxadiazole, Imidazole

Emissive Layer, EML

Metal chelates Fluorene, Carbazone, Maleimide Anthracene

Future Research
Further increased stability and lifetime
Amorphous films with high glass TT

Increased Q. and P. efficiencies

Organic compounds with high quantum yield

More pure RGB for full-color displays

Future Applications
Transparent OLEDs Electronic paper Tow-sided OLED