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Chuong 1 Phan
Chuong 1 Phan
CHNG I
CHNG MOT
KHAI QUAT VE D AN AU T
I. au t & hoat ong au t :
1. Khai niem ve au t :
Trong thc te hien nay co nhieu cach hieu khac
nhau ve au t, thong thng co 3 quan niem c ban sau :
Ve hnh thc :
Hnh 2:
Nguon lc
Thi han
Ngan sach
Ket qua
Nghien
Nghien
Nghien
Nghien
Nghien
tnh kha thi thong qua cac bc hay cac giai oan khac
nhau. Trong giai oan au - giai oan nghien cu c hoi
au t - la nham tham nh ve tnh hien thc cua y
tng. Cong viec nay la c s e xem co nen tiep tuc
phat huy y tng o hay khong. Viec phan tch tnh hien
thc cua y tng rat quan trong, no nham lam ro tnh
oc ao, kha nang ton tai, phat trien va li ch cua y
tng.
Giai oan nay the hien s u tien trong viec huy
ong va khai thac cac nguon lc han che e nam bat
nhng c hoi phat hien trong viec thc hien mot hay
mot so muc tieu cua chu au t.
San pham cua giai oan nay la ban nghien cu c
hoi au t.
5.2.Giai oan 2 : Nghien cu tien kha thi
ay la bc nghien cu tiep theo cua giai oan
nghien cu c hoi au t. ay la giai oan nghien cu
nham khang nh them lan na ve tnh kha thi cua y
tng au t ban au. Giai oan nay nghien cu chi tiet
va chuyen sau mot so noi dung ma chu au t hay
ngi soan thao xem la quan trong, hoac nghien cu sau
hn cac kha canh ma khi xem xet c hoi au t con thay
phan van cha chac chan. Qua o, tiep tuc la chon,
sang loc cac c hoi au t mot cach cu the chi tiet va
chnh xac hn e i en quyet nh la nen tiep tuc
nghien cu giai oan tiep theo hay khong. Giai oan nay
khac vi giai oan nghien cu kha thi v co the ch co
mot so noi dung c phan tch chi tiet, cac noi dung
khac co the cha c xem xet mot cach ay u hoac
chi tiet v cha can thiet. Viec nay nham giam bt
nhng chi ph nghien cu khong can thiet cho chu d an
khi cau tra li giai oan nay la y tng d an la
khong kha thi hay khong the thc hien c. Giai oan
nay thng ch thc hien oi vi viec nam bat cac c
hoi au t co quy mo au t ln, phc tap ve mat ky
thuat, thi gian thu hoi von lau, co nhieu yeu to rui ro
hay bat nh tac ong. oi vi cac c hoi au t co quy
mo nho, ky thuat t phc tap, t rui ro, bat nh va trien
vong em lai hieu qua la ro rang th co the bo qua.
Noi dung cua giai oan nay gom soan thao, tham
nh d an tien kha thi va ra quyet nh nen tiep tuc
nghien cu cac giai oan tiep theo hay khong. San pham
cua giai oan nay la ho s d an tien kha thi a c
duyet.
5.3.Giai oan 3: Nghien cu kha thi :
ay la giai oan sang loc lan cuoi cung e khang
nh tnh kha thi cua y tng au t ban au.
Trong giai oan nay, Cac kha canh cua y tng ban
au eu c xem xet phng dien tnh va ong ve 5
noi dung nghien cu neu tren. Cac noi dung nay c
xem xet mc o chi tiet, ay u va chnh xac hn so
vi giai oan nghien cu tien kha thi.
Muc ch chnh cua giai oan nay la lam ro li ch,
chi ph va tnh kha thi cua d an. Tc la xac nh xem
thc hien y tng o ta c g, mat g? Chi ph nh the
nao, li ch ra lam sao? Cac phng an khac nhau ve th
trong, ky thuat, tai chnh, a iem, nhan s c a
ra e la chon, quyet nh; Viec phan tch co tnh en
tac ong cua yeu to thi gian, cua cac yeu to rui ro,
bat nh khac theo tng noi dung nghien cu. Nhng s
phan tch o nham giup cho chu d an, nha tham nh
co s hieu biet tng tan hn, qua o a ra cac la
chon phu hp e khai thac c hoi au t mot cach co
hieu qua.
Noi dung cua giai oan nay gom: soan thao, tham
nh d an kha thi, va ra quyet nh au t. San pham
cua giai oan nay la ho s d an kha thi c duyet.
Tat ca ba giai oan nghien cu noi tren phai c
tien hanh oi vi cac d an au t ln nham am
bao tng bc phan tch sau hn, ay u va chi tiet
hn. Phat hien va khac phuc dan nhng sai sot cac
giai oan nghien cu trc thong qua viec tnh toan lai,
oi chieu cac d kien, cac thong so, thong tin thu nhap
c qua moi giai oan. ieu nay se am bao cho cac
ket qua nghien cu kha thi at c mc o chnh xac
cao.
Trong 3 giai oan neu tren cac noi dung eu dc
nghien cu lap lai vi mc o ngay cang chi tiet, ay
NGUYEN THANH MINH
12
Tom tat noi dung cac giai oan cua chu ky d an:
Cac
giai
oan
Nghi
en
cu
c
hoi
au
t
Nghien
cu
tien
kha thi
Nghien
cu kha
thi
Thc
hien d
an
Van hanh
d an
au t .
anh
gia d
an
Thanh
ly d
an
- Phan
tch c
hoi
au
t.
.
mi.
au hoi
nhan
-Phan
t
au
s,
tai tch
t.
chnh,
Nghie
chi ph
hieu
m thu
c
- Nhan qua kinh ban
hoi
dang
te -xa giao
cua
cac
hoi.
cong
d
rui ro
trnh
an.
c
Xay d an
-Rut
ban
dng
hoan
ra
cac
thanh.
cac
phng
bai
an la
hoc
chon
kinh
nghie
m
TO - Bo may soan thao d -Bo
-Bo may -Hoi
-Hoi
CH an gom Chu nhiem may
quan ly
ong ong
C
va cac chuyen gia quan
va ieu kiem thanh
QUA soan thao thuoc cac ly
hanh
tra
ly d
N
lnh vc lien quan.
cong
san
anh an
LY - Hoi ong tham nh trnh.
xuat kinh gia
d an.
-Hoi
doanh
ong
nghiem
thu.
Ba
Ban
Ban Cac Cac - Bien - Bien
n
ho s ho s d hp
hp
ban
ban
nghi
d an an kha ong
ong
anh thanh
en
tien
thi c ky
kinh
gia.
ly.
SA cu kha
duyet.
ket.
doanh.
N
c
thi
-Bien
Y
PHA hoi
c
ban
San
tng
M
au duyet.
nghiem pham
mi.
t.
thu
va dch
ban
vu
d
giao.
an san
- Bien xuat ra.
ban
thanh
NGUYEN THANH MINH
16
ly hp
ong.
- Cong
trnh
hoan
thanh.
Bao gom nhng thong so nh: nhng kho khan trong viec
thc hien san pham hoac tien hanh cac dch vu, cong nghe
phai ap dung, mc o ky thuat va chat lng
19) Mc o phu thuoc cua d an
Chang han nh:
Khach hang (anh hng chu yeu en doanh
so);
Cac khach hang doanh nghiep;
Cac doanh nghiep gia cong;
Nhng nha cung cap;
Nhng nha hp tac;
20) Chnh sach gia cong
Thc hien qua ang hoac khong thc hien hoat ong gia
cong, hoac phan phoi hoat ong gia cong khong thch hp
chac chan cung dan en rui ro, han che hoac e doa cho
d an.
21) Chien lc thch nghi san pham
Can lu y en nhng d oan mang tnh chat chien lc
ve nhng giai phap thch nghi san pham, nham oi mi
san pham trc nhng bien ong ve cong nghe, ve s
thch, th hieu cua khach hang, v.v
22) Mc o rui ro cua d an
Can phan tch nhng thong tin co lien quan en:
Nhng tieu chuan ap dung oi vi d an;
Nhng giai phap can thiet cua ng vien sang
lap cho phu hp vi nhng tieu chuan e ra.
23) o an toan cua d an
Can ac biet quan tam en nhng thong so sau ay:
Ten goi, nhan hieu san pham co c nghien
cu ky lng hay khong?
Nhng giai phap nao can chuan b va tien
hanh e thng xuyen bao ve san pham,
nhan hieu va kieu mau cua san pham?
Pham vi bao am o an toan cua san pham
(trong nc va quoc te)?
Cac giai phap nham bao am o an toan cua
san pham co qua ang hay khong? Neu co,
tai sao?
24) Phng tien va tai nguyen can thiet e thc hien d an
NGUYEN THANH MINH
20