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UPDATE 2-Renewable energy laws pass Australia's parliament
Wed Aug 19, 2009 5:55am EDT

http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssAluminum/idUSSYD50248720090819?sp=true

* Australia Senate passes renewable energy laws

* Hopes raised of emissions trade deal in November
* Early election on climate likely, former leader says
(Adds Senate vote, details)
By Rob Taylor
CANBERRA, Aug 19 (Reuters) - Australia's government
struck agreement with opponents on Wednesday for 20
percent of the country's energy to come from renewable
sources by 2020, unlocking a $22 billion investment rush
and reviving hopes of a later emissions trade deal.


2020 30%
Getting 40% of our electricity from low
carbon sources by 2020 with policies to:

Produce around 30% of our electricity from renewables by 2020 by

substantially increasing the requirement for electricity suppliers to sell
renewable electricity.

Fund up to four demonstrations of capturing and storing emissions from

coal power stations.

20 20 by 2020
Europe's climate change opportunity
A reduction of at least 20% in greenhouse gases (GHG) by 2020 rising
to 30% if there is
an international agreement committing other developed countries to
"comparable emission
reductions and economically more advanced developing countries to
contributing
adequately according to their responsibilities and respective capabilities".
A 20% share of renewable energies in EU energy consumption by 2020.



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Change is coming: A framework for climate change
a defining issue of the 21st century
Investing in Markets for a Low-Carbon World

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http://www.swissre.com/
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http://www.munichre.com/publications/302-06182_en.pdf
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10 green giants Fortune CNN
http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0703/gallery.green_giants.fortune/index.html

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COAL: RESOURCES AND FUTURE PRODUCTION - Energy Watch Group March 2007

2010 2010( 2048 4)

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COAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

TO SUPPORT NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 2007

. Washington, D.C
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Nature
Feature
| Nature Reports Climate Change Published online: 19 February 2009

doi:10.1038/climate.2009.19

Peak energy: promise or peril?

The notion that we're running out of fossil fuel is gaining
support in some unexpected quarters. But is peak energy
good or bad news for the climate? Kurt Kleiner reports.

In the hope of accurately forecasting peak production,

some analysts are calling for a rigorous evaluation of
global fossil fuel reserves.
Nature-

Science
Science 13 March 2009:Vol. 323. no. 5920, pp. 1420 - 1421DOI:
10.1126/science.323.5920.1420

GEOLOGY:How Much Coal Remains?

Richard A. Kerr
The planet's vast store of coal could fuel the world economy for
centuries--and fiercely stoke global warming--but a few analysts are
raising the prospect of an imminent shortfall.

" "

World Coal Reserves Could Be a Fraction

of Previous Estimates
By Alexis Madrigal December 17, 2008 | 3:29 pm | Categories: Earth Science, Energy
http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2008/12/world-coal-rese/

SAN FRANCISCO A new calculation of the worlds coal reserves

is much lower than previous estimates. If validated, the new info
could have a massive impact on the fate of the planets climate


.
-

Averting the next energy crisis: The demand challenge

McKinsey March.2009

1. Energy demand set to rebound

after short lull

.

2016
30-40 .


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500$-300$
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PC/Supercritical

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Performance

7880

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43.3%

38.5%

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)Gen. Efficiency (HHV

1.221

1.378

1.548

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2.74

3.09

3.47

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738

830

931

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Assumptions: 500 MW net plant output ; Illinois #6 coal ; 85% Capacity Factor
Table 1. Comparative Coal Consumptions and Emissions of Airblown
)Pulverized Coal Combustion Technologies without CCS ( MIT Coal Study 2007

There is several years of experience with these 600 C plants in service, with
excellent availability
from: Higher Efficiency Power Generation Reduces Emissions
Jnos M.Ber MIT

National Coal Council Issue Paper 2009

CCS


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CCS .CCS
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[1] Development History and Operation Experience of Ultra-Supercritical (USC) Power Plants
OTSUKA and KANEKO Journal of Power and Energy Systems [Japan] Vol. 2, No. 3, 2008
or
Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment Proceedings of the
International Conference on Power Engineering 2007
Cen, K., Chi, Y., Wang, F. (Eds.), 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-76693-3 - Springer

Coal: Bleak outlook for the black stuff - New Scientist 19 Jan 2008
THE FUTURE OF COAL Institute for Energy February 2007
COAL:RESOURCES AND FUTURE PRODUCTION Energy Watch Group